Food Science Commons^™

The Effect Of Batter Characteristics On Protein-Aided Control Of Fat Absorption In Deep-Fried Breaded Fish Nuggets, Lulu Cui, Jiwang Chen, Yuhuan Wang, Youling L. Xiong

Animal and Food Sciences Faculty Publications

Soy protein (SP), egg white protein (EP), and whey protein (WP) at 6% w/w were individually incorporated into the batter of a wheat starch (WS) and wheat gluten (WG) blend (11:1 w/w ratio). Moisture adsorption isotherms of WS and proteins and the viscosity, rheological behavior, and calorimetric properties of the batters were measured. Batter-breaded fish nuggets (BBFNs) were fried at 170 °C for 40 s followed by 190 °C for 30 s, and pick-up of BBFNs, thermogravimetric properties of crust, and fat absorption were determined. The moisture absorption capacity was the greatest for WS, followed by WG, SP, EP, and …

Harnessing Nutritional Benefits Of Spirulina Platensis: Standardization Of Cultivating Conditions Of Spirulina In Kilimanjaro, David O. Nyakundi, Phocus Cleophas

Tanzania Journal of Science

Malnutrition remains a challenge in Tanzania, notwithstanding government initiatives and health education geared towards assuaging the problem. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), there will be more than 600,000 severely malnourished children in Tanzania by the year 2030. In particular, protein based malnutrition remains the greatest challenge due to the irreplaceable nature of its essential amino acids. Macronutrients and micronutrients which are found in Spirulina platensis have been recommended by WHO to address malnutrition in developing countries. Spirulina platensis is a filamentous Cyanobacterium microalgae with the highest recorded protein content of plant origin with several immune boosting nutrients. Spirulina …

Protein Oxidation In Foods: Mechanisms, Consequences, And Antioxidant Solutions, Mario Estévez, Youling L. Xiong

Animal and Food Sciences Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Techniques To Improve The Volume, Texture And Nutritional Quality Of Gluten-Free Bread, Zachary Christman

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

This article highlights the use of soy flour to improve the protein and fiber of gluten free bread. Also, the use of an extrusion process on soybean and corn flour blends improves the volume and texture of the bread. A full listing of the ingredients and method for production of higher quality gluten free bread is included.

Variability Of The Proximate And Protein Composition Of Camel Milk (Camelus Dromedarius), Huda Musa Elsayed Mohamed

Dissertations

Dromedary camel milk (Camelus dromedarius) has unique physical, nutritional, and technological properties when compared with other milk. Unlike bovine milk, the processing of camel milk into fermented products and its treatment using ultra-high temperatures is technically challenging. Therefore, this research aimed to determine the variability in the proximate composition and the protein composition of camel milk collected from individual animals that are reared under intensive management in the UAE. To determine the proximate composition of samples (n = 217) were analyzed by NIR and MIR spectroscopy methods. The results obtained by the two methods were also compared. The …

Method For Using Soya Grain Juice In Production Of Pasta Products, Sanaev Ermat, Tursunkhodjaev Po'lat, Ayhodjaeva Nodira, Umarov Orif

CHEMISTRY AND CHEMICAL ENGINEERING

Considering the protein need for human nutrition, the use of protein-rich grains plays an important role in the production of pasta. The study used soy protein as one of the protein sources, which serves as an effective source of energy in the physical and mental activities of humans. In the form of nutritious juice from soybeans, a protein concentration of 4.67% was obtained, and the resulting soy juice, rich in proteins, was used as an unconventional raw material for the production of pasta. Concentrations and methods were identified that made it possible to achieve technological and economic efficiency.

Study On The Hydrolysis Of Starch And Protein In Tobacco Leaves By Formic Acid For Improving The Quality Of Tobacco, Lin Yun, Luo Si-Wei, Ou-Yang Lu-Si, Chen Sen-Lin, Lai Yan-Hua, Tao Hong, Lin Bao-Min, Jia Li-Shan

Food and Machinery

In order to solve the problem of poor sensory quality caused by the high content of starch and protein in tobacco leaves, a method for degrading starch and protein without affecting the workability of tobacco leaves was investigated. In this study, formic acid was used as catalyst to spray proper amount on tobacco leaves. The hydrolysis of starch and protein in tobacco leaves catalyzed by formic acid, which played an effective role in regulating and reducing the starch and protein content. When the concentration of formic acid ranged from 5% to 10% at 50 ℃, with the sprinkling rate of …

The Impact Of Dietary Egg Intake On Metabolic Health In Food Insecure Households, Sam Walker

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Food Insecurity (FI) is defined as a condition in which individuals lack access to adequate food due to limited financial resources. FI is estimated to impact 12% of households in United States. Adults and children who experience FI are an increased risk for developing metabolic disease such as type 2 diabetes, obesity, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease. The negative health outcomes associated with FI are multi-factorial, however, many of them may be caused by limited nutritional intake and poor diet quality. Efforts to better understand the obstacles food insecure populations face is critical in order to improve nutrient intake and minimize …

Method For Using Soya Grain Juice In Production Of Pasta Products, Sanaev Ermat, Tursunkhodjaev Po'lat, Ayhodjaeva Nodira, Umarov Orif

CHEMISTRY AND CHEMICAL ENGINEERING

Considering the protein need for human nutrition, the use of protein-rich grains plays an important role in the production of pasta. The study used soy protein as one of the protein sources, which serves as an effective source of energy in the physical and mental activities of humans. In the form of nutritious juice from soybeans, a protein concentration of 4.67% was obtained, and the resulting soy juice, rich in proteins, was used as an unconventional raw material for the production of pasta. Concentrations and methods were identified that made it possible to achieve technological and economic efficiency.

Enzymatic Breaking-Extraction And Characterization Of Protein From Rape Bee Pollen, Wang Ling-Bo, Zhu Song, Chen Shang-Wei

Food and Machinery

The bee pollen of oilseed rape was used to investigate the effect of enzymatically breaking the wall for protein extraction, and the optimal conditions of the extraction were determined by single factor test and response surface analysis. After mixing 2.5

Study On Synchronous Extraction Process Of Oil And Protein From Prunus Mira Nut And The Oil Quality Analysis, Kan Jin-Tao, Yuan Lei, Zhong Zheng-Chang

Food and Machinery

Taking the Prunus mira nut as raw material, the oil and protein of were synchronous extracted by aqueous extraction method combined with enzymatic demulsification, the extraction process was optimized by orthogonal tests based on single factor experiment. The main physicochemical indexes of Prunus mira nut oil were determined, and the fatty acid compositions were analyzed by GC. The results indicated that the Prunus mira nut protein yields were(78.13±1.53)%, and oil total yields were(67.79±2.97)%, the optimal oil and protein extraction process were obtained as followed: sample size 150 mesh, liquid-solid ratio 8：1 (mL/g), pH 10, extraction temperature 50 ℃, extraction time …

A Review Of Technologies For Malt Flour And Sourdough From Brewery Spent Grain, Zachary Christman

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

The utilization of brewer's spent grain for the production of malt flour is the focus of this article. The reader is presented with superheated steam and extrusion as technologies to reduce mycotoxin contamination and improve shelf life. Another option is the fermentation of brewer's spent grain with a cereal grade lactic acid bacteria for the production of sourdough bread. Milling of the brewer's spent grain for the production of bread is also covered.

The Physicochemical Properties Of Soy Protein Hydrolysate And Its Formulation And Stability With Encapsulated Probiotic, John Stricklin Edwards

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Soy protein isolate (SPI) and probiotics can serve as a functional ingredient and beneficial supplement, respectively, to food formulations, but few studies focus on the compatibility of these two ingredients. The objective of this study was to prepare soy protein isolate (SPI) from defatted soybean flour and identify an optimal hydrolysis protocol to create soy protein hydrolysates (SPH) with improved solubility and functional properties and achieve an optimum encapsulation technique for probiotics and to determine the in vitro viability of encapsulated probiotic cells with SPH in a gastrointestinal environment. The SPI was prepared using an alkaline extraction procedure for solubility …

The Level Of Nutritional Values On Kids Aged 4-6 Years Old Fed In The Preschools Of Pollog Region, Gafur Xhabiri, Era Bruçi, Sara Selimi

UBT International Conference

The period of preschool kids is between 4-6 years old. Kids of this age need to eat healthy, they firstly need to satisfy energetic needs then the needs of macronutrients and micronutrients following the given recommendations, from which they will improve some eating habits too.The study has been conducted on some public and private preschools on the Pollog region when kids aged 4-6 consume 75% of the daily food on which the study is based on.From the conducted analysis it has been proven that that the energy intake of the mentioned age is matching the normative which is around 1200 …

Protein And Lipid Characterization Of Acheta Domesticus, Bombyx Mori, And Locusta Migratoria Dry Flours, Emily N. Brogan

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Cricket (Acheta domesticus), silkworm pupae (Bombyx mori), and locust (Locusta migratoria) dry flours were obtained to examine the biochemical properties and composition of the flours. This study aimed to characterize the protein and lipid components of three insect species utilizing proximate composition analyses, amino acid composition analysis, protein solubility, SDS-PAGE, fatty acid composition analysis, and thin layer chromatography to determine lipid classes, and lipid extraction efficiency. Kjeldahl determined the cricket, locust, and silkworm flours contained 72.0%, 53.1%, and 71.2% protein, respectively. All proximate composition analyses were significantly (p< 0.05) different between species. Amino acid composition analysis revealed that the flours contained 3.6-3.9% and 0.90-1.5% of lysine and methionine, respectively. Many countries have cereal grains and legumes as a staple in their diet that contain these limiting amino acids. Essential amino acids were 22% of total amino acids. Protein solubility revealed that the three species studied were most soluble in alkaline environments with highest protein solubility occurring at pH 13 at 66% solubility in silkworm. Lowest solubility occurred in more acidic conditions between pH 4-5. SDS-PAGE revealed five major protein fractions with estimated molecular weights of 27 (cuticle proteins), 41 (arginine kinase), which has been identified as an allergen in shrimp, 42 (actin), 71 (hemocyanin), and 220 myosin) kDa. Soxhlet extraction determined cricket, silkworm, and locust flours contained 15.4%, 33.3%, and 11.4% lipid, respectively. The only omega-3 fatty acid found in the flours was α-linolenic acid. Silkworm flour contained the most α-linolenic acid at 33.3% of total fatty acids, followed by locust (13.7%), and cricket (0.6%). TLC resolved lipids for typical lipid classes. The four major lipid classes noted were triacylglycerol, free fatty acid, cholesterol, and phospholipid. Lipid extraction efficiency found that the organic solvents chloroform and methanol had the highest lipid extraction yield in both cricket (69.3%) and locust (93.0%). Methyl-tertiary-butyl ether (MTBE) extracted lipids most efficiently in the silkworm. Proteins and lipids found in insects need to be isolated to further or commercial use.

Growing Yeast For Livestock, Zachary Christman

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Over 500,000 tons of organic materials such as food scraps are disposed of each year in Wisconsin. A large percentage of this material could be composted or turned into useful products. The purpose of this article is to educate farmers and organizations on how to turn food waste into a high value food source for livestock. Yeast can be grown at any time of the year without the large inputs of agricultural chemicals and machinery that is common with other feed production methods. A yeast growing facility can be scalable to any size the producer wants such as a small …

Association Mapping Of Seed Weight, Protein, And Sucrose Content; And Kinetics Of Edamame Under Infrared Treatment, Laura Melissa Lara Santisteban

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Edamame is a specialty large-seeded soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) harvested at an immature stage (R6) that has become the second largest consumed soyfood. Although United States is the largest soybean producer, majority of edamame is imported from Asia, highlighting the importance of developing new edamame varieties. Association mapping (AM) provides an alternative to bi-parental linkage mapping method to detect quantitative trait loci (QTL) adding higher resolution and broader germplasm information. Seed weight, sucrose, and protein are quantitative traits of value when selecting edamame lines. However molecular mechanisms controlling each of these traits are still inconclusive and have not been …

Discovering Potential Protein, Carbohydrate, And Lipid Based Food Ingredients In A Co-Culture Of Microalgae, Chelsea Tyus

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Louisiana Native Co-Culture of Microalgae (Chlorella Vulgaris L. and Cyanobacteria Leptolyngbya sp.) (CCA) was studied. CCA is a viable coculture for further investigation as a food component. This research characterized the proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids present in CCA. Algae cultivation parameters were controlled and analyzed. Treatment (Trt) 1 was CCA grown in cultures exposed to average scalar irradiance (ASI) of 1041 ± 269.18 μmol m-2 s-1 PAR and trt 2 was CCA grown in cultures exposed to ASI of 430 ± 96.03 μmol m-2 s-1 PAR. The trt (irradiance exposure) had the desired response on CCA species ratio Trt …

The Effect Of Protein Quantity And Quality At Breakfast On Energy Metabolism, Appetite And Metabolic Health, Brianna Lynne Neumann

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Obesity is a global health concern and, within the United States, the current obesity rate is 36% and projected to double within the next two decades. Obesity is linked to many chronic diseases such as cancer, heart disease and type 2 diabetes. In young females, weight gain (5-11 kg) between the ages of 20-30 years increases the risk of developing type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disorders later in life. The cause of obesity is multifactorial in nature, however fundamentally weight gain occurs when energy intake is greater than energy expended (i.e. calories in > calories out). Therefore, identifying and validating nutritional …

Protein And Fiber Fortification Of White Pan Bread Using Food-Grade Distiller’S Dried Grains, Ashley Adamski

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Distiller’s dried grains (DDG) are a coproduct of ethanol production. DDG has been used historically as animal feed. However, in the past decade, ethanol production has dramatically increased causing a surplus of distiller’s grains and saturating the market. The use of DDG, which is high in both protein and fiber, to fortify baked goods is one option to reduce the excess of DDG while enhancing its economic value. The purpose of this study was first, to evaluate the washing process for DDG to make it food grade, and second to evaluate the effects of incorporation of food-grade DDG from two …

Evaluation Of Protein Source At Breakfast On Energy Metabolism, Metabolic Health, And Food Intake: A Pilot Study, Lauren A. Cambias, Brianna L. Neumann, Charlayne Mitchell, Jamie I. Baum

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

Over 30% of adults in the U.S. are obese. A primary contributor to obesity is an unhealthy diet related to imbalanced macronutrients. Diets higher in protein (PRO) rather than carbohydrate (CHO) are associated with increased energy expenditure (EE) and reduced food intake. The objective of this pilot study was to determine if protein source at breakfast influences EE in young men (n = 4; ages 18-35). Participants consumed three isocaloric (whey (WP), pea (PP), beef (BP); 275 kcal, 62% PRO, 23% CHO, 15% Fat) drinks in a randomized, crossover design study with a one-week washout period (time between the administration …

Investigation Of Sugar/Polyols As Weakly Interacting Cosolvents And Their Influence On Hardening Of High-Protein Nutrition Bars, Sami Kadhim Hassan

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The Western Dairy Center (WDC) at Utah State University demonstrated opportunities to improve the quality of high-protein snack foods that becoming more prevalent in western diets. Previously, such high-protein nutrition bars became too hard during storage and they had a limited shelf life, resulting in disappointment by consumers or loss of product as older products needed to be discarded.

With sponsorship as a doctoral student by the Iraq Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research and in conjunction with WDC researchers, an investigation was conducted into the chemistry of high-protein nutrition bars and how the various components (protein, carbohydrate and …

The Effect Of Individual Milk Proteins On Bioaccessibility Of Green Tea Flavan-3-Ols, Sydney Elizabeth Moser

Open Access Theses

While information regarding the impact of flavan-3-ol-protein interactions on food quality attributes (flavor, texture, and physical stability) exists, insight into the potential consequence of these interactions on bioavailability of health-promoting flavan-3-ols remains unclear. The ability of nonspecific protein interactions in flavan-3-ol rich foods and beverages to alter digestive stability and/or digestive release (bioaccessibility) of flavan-3-ols has been previously proposed but unconfirmed. The primary objective of this study was to characterize effects of individual milk proteins and the milk matrix on in vitro bioaccessibility of green tea flavan-3-ols from model beverage systems. As a secondary objective, the impact of protein gastrointestinal …

Mechanisms Of Nutrition Bar Hardening: Effect Of Hydrolyzed Whey Protein And Carbohydrate Source, Shaun P. Adams

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The influence of increasing hydrolyzed protein content on the microstructure and hardness of high protein nutrition bars was investigated to determine the mechanism of hardening during storage. Bars with various hydrolyzed protein levels were manufactured using differing ratios of 0, 25, 50, 75, 100% (wt. /wt.) of partially hydrolyzed whey protein isolate (HWPI) to an intact (non-hydrolyzed) whey protein isolate (WPI) which made up approximately 38% of the total bar composition. High fructose corn syrup (HFCS) (42%) and vegetable shortening (20%) constituted the rest of the ingredients. Accelerated aging was performed by storing bars at 32 ^oC for 36 …

Protein And Supplements, Utah State University Extension

All Archived Publications

No abstract provided.

The Effect Of Exopolysaccharide-Producing Cultures On The Moisture Retention And Functional Properties Of Low Fat Mozzarella Cheese, David B. Perry

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Low fat Mozzarella cheese was made using exopolysaccharide-producing starter cultures consisting of single strains of Streptococcus thermophilus MR-1C and Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus MR-1R with or without the addition of mesophilic exopolysaccharide-producing adjunct mixed culture consisting of Lactococcus lactis ssp. lactis and Lactococcus lactis ssp. cremoris. A control cheese was made using a non-exopolysaccharide-producing starter culture consisting of S. thermophilus TA061 and Lactobacillus helveticus LH100. Cheeses were analyzed for moisture, melt, fat, and protein. Cheeses made with the addition of the mesophilic exopolysaccharide-producing adjunct culture showed significant differences in moisture, but not in melting properties when compared to cheeses …

Muscle Fiber Types, Dna:Rna:Protein Ratios, And Measures Of Tenderness In Various Muscles Of Normal And Callipyge Lambs, Owen D. Rice

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

An inherited muscle hypertrophy in sheep is caused by the callipyge gene (CLPG) located on ovine chromosome 18. It has been suggested that this gene is a single autosomal dominant gene. Animals expressing the callipyge gene show increased muscling in the pelvic and torso regions of the body and, thus, have been given the phenotype- descriptive name callipyge (from Greek calli-beautiful; pyge-buttocks). In this study 21 wether lambs, the offspring of callipyge rams (genotype CLPG /clpg) and normal Rambouillet ewes (genotype clpg/clpg), were used to determine the differences in muscle fiber type percentages, composition, and tenderness between normal …

The Stabilisation Of Air In Cake Batters - The Role Of Fat, B. E. Brooker

Food Structure

The role of fat crystals in the stabilisation of air bubbles in cake batters was studied with aqueous phase aerations prepared by the "all in one" method using shortening containing emulsifier. During mixing, fat crystals become coated with an interfacial layer of ad sorbed protein (crystal -water interface). They adsorb to the surface of bubbles (that have been transiently stabilised by egg proteins) by a process which involves the fu sion of the crystal-water interface with the air-water interface.

The adsorption of fa t crystals helps to stabilise large numbers of small bubbles which must expand without rupturing during baking …

The Stabilisation Of Air In Foods Containing Fat - A Review, B. E. Brooker

Food Structure

Foods containing aqueous solutions of proteins readily foam when air is introduced into them. When fat is also present, interaction between the two components at the air/water interface may produce a stable foam with characteristic bulk properties. In the case of dairy foams (such as whipped cream), bubbles produced in the whipping process are initially stabilised by the adsorption of protein at the air/water interfaces.

Commonly encountered defects in whipping cream arise when large triglyceride crystals, formed in masses of free fat, adsorb to the air/water interface during whipping at the expense of fat globules.

In other food systems , …

What Is Protein, Georgia C. Lauritzen

All Archived Publications

No abstract provided.