Food Science Commons^™

Rice Fortification By Parboiling In Limited-Water Soaking To Alleviate Mineral And Vitamin Deficiency, Annegret Jannasch

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Fortification of rice by parboiling is considered a potential alternative to currently available fortification technologies to produce rice with higher mineral and vitamin content significantly contributing to nutrient intake in populations with high prevalence of micronutrient deficiencies. Higher nutrient retention rates and improved sensory characteristics are advantages of fortified parboiled rice compared to fortified rice obtained by currently used fortification technologies including dusting, coating, and extrusion. However, conventional parboiling processes employ excess water that presents an environmental hazard if discarded without treatment. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate a limited-water soaking method for the fortification of rice …

The Impact Of Dietary Egg Intake On Metabolic Health In Food Insecure Households, Sam Walker

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Food Insecurity (FI) is defined as a condition in which individuals lack access to adequate food due to limited financial resources. FI is estimated to impact 12% of households in United States. Adults and children who experience FI are an increased risk for developing metabolic disease such as type 2 diabetes, obesity, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease. The negative health outcomes associated with FI are multi-factorial, however, many of them may be caused by limited nutritional intake and poor diet quality. Efforts to better understand the obstacles food insecure populations face is critical in order to improve nutrient intake and minimize …

Growing South Dakota (Spring/Summer 2020), College Of Agriculture, Food And Environmental Sciences

Growing South Dakota (Publication of the College of Agriculture, Food and Environmental Sciences)

This issue contains the South Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station 2019 Annual Report.

[Page] 2 South Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station Update
[Page] 4 Featured Research
[Page] 14 Graduate and Undergraduate Research: In Our Own Words
[Page] 20 Featured Research
[Page] 32 Research in Progress
[Page] 38 CAFES News and Updates
[Page] 56 Jackrabbits Now and Then: A Current Student and Alumni Q&A

Exopolysaccharide From Mycelium Of Ganoderma Lucidum As A Potential Additive For Juvenile Red Hybrid Tilapia (Oreochromis Sp.), Pajaru Rahman Janathu Ferdaus

Student Works (2020-2029)

Functional feed additives are added during feed preparation to improve the growth performance and cellular defense for the fishes. Interaction of cellular biomolecules and dysfunction of red hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis sp.) could be avoided by strengthening the antioxidant defense with antioxidant rich sources. As for this, a bioactive polysaccharide of Ganoderma lucidum was found to have its antioxidant bioactivities. Thus the potential of exopolysaccharide (EPS) extracted from the mycelium of G.lucidum as feed additive for red hybrid tilapia was evaluated in this research. In this experiment, one hundred twenty (120) juveniles were randomly divided into four groups and designated with …

Fermented Mycelial Biomass Of Ganoderma Lucidum As A Potential Additive For Juvenile Red Hybrid Tilapia (Oreochromis Sp.), Subramaniam Kumeera

Student Works (2020-2029)

The presence of antibiotic compounds in aquaculture is gaining higher interest worldwide due to the emergence as dangerous pollutants of the environment and to human health. However, feed additive play an important role in agriculture to reduce the usage of antibiotics and aquaculture productive performance. Therefore, the polysaccharide produced by Ganoderma lucidum is recognised due to its essential biological activities. Growing biomass from mycelium of Ganoderma lucidum (MGL) through submerged liquid fermentation (SLF) has been a fast and straightforward alternative compared to fruiting bodies. The study aims to observe the inclusion of biomass from MGL as a dietary supplement on …

Heat And Mass Transfer In Parboiled Rice During Heating With 915 Mhz Microwave Energy And Impacts On Milled Rice Properties, Deandrae L.W. Smith

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Microwave (MW) heating offers an energy-efficient, fast method to dry high moisture content (MC) parboiled rice to safe storage MC. However, there is limited research that describes the fundamentals of heat and mass transport in rice kernels exposed to MW energy at 915 MHz, the most promising heating frequency for industrialized processing. This information is vital to explain the implications of MW technology on dried rice quality. The overall objective of this study was to develop a microwave heating technology that can sufficiently dry high MC parboiled rough rice kernels in one pass using a 915-MHz industrial microwave system. An …

Method For Using Soya Grain Juice In Production Of Pasta Products, Sanaev Ermat, Tursunkhodjaev Po'lat, Ayhodjaeva Nodira, Umarov Orif

CHEMISTRY AND CHEMICAL ENGINEERING

Considering the protein need for human nutrition, the use of protein-rich grains plays an important role in the production of pasta. The study used soy protein as one of the protein sources, which serves as an effective source of energy in the physical and mental activities of humans. In the form of nutritious juice from soybeans, a protein concentration of 4.67% was obtained, and the resulting soy juice, rich in proteins, was used as an unconventional raw material for the production of pasta. Concentrations and methods were identified that made it possible to achieve technological and economic efficiency.

The Effect Of Hydrothermal Treatment In Increasing The Strength Of The Shell Of Wheat Grain In Preparation For Varietal Grinding, Ravshanov Suvankul, Mirzayev Jamol, Musaev Khasanjon

CHEMISTRY AND CHEMICAL ENGINEERING

The effect of hydrothermal treatment on the strength of the wheat grain shell before the first torn process is investigated. It was found that the anatomical parts of wheat grains grown in arid climatic conditions are firmly interconnected, which, in turn, affects the yield and quality of varietal flour. The aim of the study is to weaken strong native connections and improve the yield and quality of flour. The effect of NaHCO3, H3PO4, CH3COOH, HCl additives to water on the yield and quality of flour was studied. Accordingly, in solutions of 0.1-0.2% hydrochloric acid and 0.3-0.8% phosphoric acid, an increase …

Occurrence Of Aflatoxins In Maize And Maize Products From Selected Locations Of Tanzania And The Effects Of Cooking Preparation Processes On Toxin Levels, Macarius Mtega, Clarence Mgina, Eliangiringa Kaale, Kessy Kilulya

Tanzania Journal of Science

The production and storage of food crops in different countries is affected by aflatoxins contamination, which are known to be carcinogenic and mutagenic to human beings and domestic animals. This study investigated on the occurrence of aflatoxins in maize products and the effects of cooking preparation processes on their concentrations. The maize samples were collected from fields, farmers' stores and markets of selected locations in Tanzania (i.e., Kongwa and Njombe districts). Extracted samples were analyzed for aflatoxins using high performance liquid chromatography. The concentrations of aflatoxins in maize and maize products ranged from below detection limit to 9.99 ± 1.43 …

Effects Of Onion Juice And Moringa Oleifera Leaf Juice On The Shelf Life Of Sugarcane Juice, Joshua Boniface, Lilian Kaale, Hildelitha Msita, Leonard Rweyemamu

Tanzania Journal of Science

Effects of onion juice and Moringa oleifera leaf juice on the shelf life of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) cultivar R579 juice were studied. R579 sugarcane cultivar was selected based on its juice yield (1500 ml/2.5 kg) compared to Saccharum officinarum cultivars R570 (1000 ml/2.5 kg), Bungara (1200 ml/2.5 kg) and Galagaza (800 ml/2.5 kg). The concentrations for onion and Moringa oleifera leaf juice were chosen based on recommended dietary allowance (RDA) where design expert software was used to establish the ratios. There was a significant growth of microbes in non-pasteurized sugarcane juice and stored at room temperature. The yeast/mould and Leuconostoc …

Carboxymethyl Chitosan Perturbs Inflammation Profile And Colonic Microbiota Balance In Mice, Yuting Liu, Shuai Zong, Jinglei Li

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Mogrosides are the major triterpenoidal saponins found in swingle, the fruit of Siraitia grosvenorii, which have recently been widely used throughout the world as natural food sweeteners. Among this class of compounds, mogroside III E (MG III E) exhibits the most intense sweetness, and it was also found to effectively regulate blood glucose levels. However, the relative abundance of naturally occurring MG III E is low compared to other mogrosides. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to enrich MG III E through biotransformation of fruit extracts and to develop a reliable method for its purification. We used HPLC coupled …

Involvement Of Prohibitin 1 And Prohibitin 2 Upregulation In Cbsa-Induced Podocyte Cytotoxicity, Heng-Hsiung Wu, Chao-Jung Chen, Pei-Yu Lin, Yu-Huei Liu

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common age-related neurodegenerative disorder. Amyloid-β (Aβ) and hyper-phosphorylated tau accumulation are accountable for the progressive neuronal loss and cognitive impairments usually observed in AD. Currently, medications for AD offer moderate symptomatic relief but fail to cure the disease; hence development of effective and safe drugs is urgently needed for AD treatment. In this study, we investigated a Chinese medicine (CM) formulation named NeuroDefend (ND), for reducing amyloid β (Aβ) and tau pathology in transgenic AD mice models. Regular oral administration of ND improved cognitive function and memory in 3XTg-AD and 5XFAD mice. In addition, …

Quantitation Of Dna Reactive Pyrrolic Metabolites Of Senecionine – A Carcinogenic Pyrrolizidine Alkaloid By Lc/Ms/Ms Analysis, Qingsu Xia, Xiaobo He, Qiang Shi, Ge Lin, Peter P. Fu

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

High hydrostatic pressure processing (HPP) is a non-thermal pasteurization technology which has already been applied in the food industries. Besides maintaining the food safety and quality, HPP also has potential applications in the enhancement of the health benefits of food products. This study examines the current progress of research on the use of HPP in the development of health foods. Through HPP, the nutritional value of food products can be enhanced or retained, including promotes the biosynthesis of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the food materials, retains immunoglobulin components in dairy products, increases resistant starch content in cereals, and reduces the …

The Matrix Of Sds Integrated With Linear Hydrophilic Polymer For Resolution Of High- And Low-Molecular Weight Hyaluronic Acids In Mekc, Kung-Hung Lin, Hwang-Shang Kou, Yi-Hui Lin, Chun-Chi Wang

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Membranous nephropathy (MN) is the most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in adults, when not effectively treated. The aim of this study was to discover new targets for the diagnosis and treatment of MN. A reliable mouse model of MN was used by the administration of cationic bovine serum albumin (cBSA). Mice with MN exhibited proteinuria, histopathological changes, and accumulation of immune complexes in the glomerular basement membrane. Label-free proteomics analysis was performed to identify changes in protein expression, and the overexpressed proteins were evaluated. There were 273 proteins that showed significantly different expression in mice with MN, as compared …

In Vitro And In Vivo Evaluation Of The Neuroprotective Activity Of Uncaria Hirsuta Haviland, Chien-Min Lin, Yi-Tzu Lin, Tai-Lin Lee, Zuha Imtiyaz, Wen-Chi Hou, Mei-Hsien Lee

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Hyaluronic acid (HA), a multi-functional material, has a high dispersion in molecular weight, and the functions of HA are determined through the size. Nevertheless, hyaluronic acid mixtures are not easily separated due to their polydispersity. In this study, a capillary electrophoresis strategy was developed for resolution of different molecular-weight HA without enzymatic digestion. Here, hyaluronic acid mixtures with low molecular weight (380 kD; LHA) and high molecular weight (2180 kD; HHA) were successfully resolved by the SDS integrated with low molecular-weight polymer in capillary electrophoresis. By optimizing experimental conditions, the separation of LHA and HHA was completed within 14 min. …

Neurodefend, A Novel Chinese Medicine, Attenuates Amyloid-Β And Tau Pathology In Experimental Alzheimer's Disease Models, Ashok Iyaswamy, Senthil Kumar Krishnamoorthi, Ju-Xian Song, Chuan-Bin Yang, Venkatapathy Kaliyamoorthy, Huan Zhang, Sravan G. Sreenivasmurthy, Sandeep Malampati, Zi-Ying Wang, Zhou Zhu, Benjamin Chun-Kit Tong, King-Ho Cheung, Jia-Hong Lu, Siva Sundara Kumar Durairajan, Min Li

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Higenamine (HG), a cardioactive component of some foods and medicines, has been listed in the doping category by the International Olympic Committee, which may lead to misuse by athletes. We report the development of a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS) method for determination of HG in various matrix samples (biological samples, different forms of Chinese patent medicine, Chinese herbal medicine) based on acylation derivatization of HG by heptafluorobutyric anhydride. Under optimal conditions, the linearity of HG in the range of 5–200 ng mL−1 was acceptable (R2 > 0.999), and the limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ) for HG was …

Determination Of Higenamine In Multi-Matrix By Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Combined With Derivatization Technology, Yan-Ru Feng, Bo Wang, Guo-Jun Li, Wei-Jun Kang, Kao-Qi Lian, Xin-Li Lu

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC) is widely used in food and medicine as a biodegradable polymer. However, its effects on inflammation profile and colon health are not well investigated. In the present study, CMC was given to mice to evaluate its possible effects on body weight, blood glucose level, inflammation factors, intestinal permeability and colon microbiota. Results showed that blood glucose level of CMC treated mice was relatively higher than control ones. Glucose tolerance test revealed that CMC treated mice presented higher peak glucose level and lower lag level. CMC treatment increased serum LDL-c level, decreased serum HDL-c and IL-10 level in …

Polysaccharide-Containing Fraction From Artemisia Argyi Inhibits Tumor Cell-Induced Platelet Aggregation By Blocking Interaction Of Podoplanin With C-Type Lectin-Like Receptor 2, Ching-Ping Tseng, Yu-Ling Huang, Yao-Wen Chang, Hsiang-Ruei Liao, Yu-Li Chen, Pei-Wen Hsieh

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignancies in Taiwan. Many risks factors induce liver chronic inflammation, fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Mulberry fruits containing polyphenols to remove free radicals and mitigate inflammation has been reported to not only against gastric cancer, melanoma and leukemia but also prevent liver injury induced by alcohol or CCl4 in previous researches. The aim of this study is to examine whether Mulberry could inhibit hepatocarcinogenesis. In animal experiment, diethylnitrosamine (DEN) was used to induce hepatic tumorgenesis. After injecting DEN, the rats treated with mulberry water extracts (MWE) had less and smaller tumor …

Alleviating Chronic Kidney Disease Progression Through Modulating The Critical Genus Of Gut Microbiota In A Cisplatin-Induced Lanyu Pig Model, Ya-Jane Lee, Kuan-Yi Li, Pin-Jhu Wang, Hsiao-Wen Huang, Ming-Ju Chen

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Antcins are unique phytosterols isolated from A. cinnamomea and A. salmomea, which are the endemic fungus of Taiwan. A. cinnamomea has long been highly valued medicinal mushroom in Taiwan and traditionally used as a folk remedy for various human illness. Recent scientific explorations claimed that the pharmacological activities of A. cinnamomea and A. salmomonea are gone beyond their original usage. The therapeutic efficacy of these medicinal mushrooms was attributed to their high content of unique bioactive secondary metabolites, including terpenoids, benzenoids, ubiquinol derivatives, polysaccharides, lignans, nucleic acids, steroids, and maleic/succinic acid derivatives. Antcins is a group of steroids in Antrodia …

Bioactive Peptides Attenuate Cardiac Hypertrophy And Fibrosis In Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat Hearts, Chih Yang Huang, Srinivasan Nithiyanantham, Jia Ying Liao, Wan Teng Lin

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

The incidence of neurodegeneration leading to the conditions such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases are on the increase, they require the approaches that focus on protection prevention rather than treatment. Plants are rich sources of many compounds which possess medicinal properties. We sought to investigate the neuroprotective effects of Uncaria hirsuta and its compounds on D-galactose-induced stress in BALB/c mice as well as 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced stress in mouse nerve growth factor (mNGF)-differentiated PC12 cells. Our results demonstrate that the 95% ethanol extract of U. hirsuta reversed the D-galactose-induced learning and memory dysfunctions and decreased the malodialdehyde levels. Furthermore, the isolated …

Mulberry Fruits Extracts Induce Apoptosis And Autophagy Of Liver Cancer Cell And Prevent Hepatocarcinogenesis In Vivo, Kwok-Chui Cheng, Chau-Jong Wang, Yun-Ching Chang, Tung-Wei Hung, Chun-Jung Lai, Chi-Wen Kuo, Hui-Pei Huang

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

No abstract provided.

Biotransformation Of Mogrosides From Siraitia Grosvenorii By Ganoderma Lucidum Mycelium And The Purification Of Mogroside Iii E By Macroporous Resins, Chun-Hui Chiu, Reuben Wang, Shasha Zhuang, Pei-Yin Lin, Yi-Chen Lo, Ting-Jang Lu

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

No abstract provided.

Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry-Based Analytical Strategies For Fatty Acid Analysis In Biological Samples, H.-H. Chiu, C.-H. Kuo

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Over the past few decades, phytochemicals widely present in edible plants have exhibited compelling positive biological impact on human health, including treating some cancers. In some cases, metabolites and artificially modified products of these natural compounds have shown better chemopreventive effects than their natural counterparts. Along with direct chemopreventive strategies using phytochemicals to treat cancer by leading to cell cycle arrest, autophagy and apoptosis, natural compounds have been shown to reverse adverse epigenetic regulation, including altering DNA methylation and histone modification, modulating miRNA expression, promoting expression of phase II enzyme for detoxification, balancing inflammation responses, recovering circadian rhythm from misalignment, …

A Mechanistic And Empirical Review Of Antcins, A New Class Of Phytosterols Of Formosan Fungi Origin, Kumar K.J. Senthil, Vani M. Gokila, Chieh-Yin Chen, Wen-Wei Hsiao, Jing Li, Zhan-Xi Lin, Fang-Hua Chu, Gow-Chin Yen, Sheng-Yang Wang

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Tumor cell-induced platelet aggregation (TCIPA) is a mechanism that involves the protection of tumor cells in the circulation and the promotion of tumor cell invasion and metastases. The C-type lectin-like receptor 2 (CLEC-2) that binds podoplanin (PDPN) is on the platelet surface and facilitates the TCIPA. Selective blockage of the PDPN-mediated platelet-tumor cell interaction is thereby a plausible strategy for inhibiting metastases. In a search for antagonists of PDPN- and tumor cell-induced platelet aggregation, traditional Chinese medicines were screened and it was found that the water extract of Artemisia argyi leaves selectively inhibited the PDPN-induced platelet aggregation. Bioactivity-guided fractionation analysis …

Recent Advances In Cancer Chemoprevention With Phytochemicals, Yen-Chun Koh, Chi-Tang Ho, Min-Hsiung Pan

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

In the present study, we investigated the effects of Probiotic mix 1 (Pm1) with Lactobacillus plantarum subsp. plantarum, Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei, and Streptococcus salivarius subsp. thermophilus on preventing renal injury using a chronic kidney disease (CKD) minipig model previously developed in our lab using cisplatin-induced CKD in Lanyu pigs. The results indicated that the high dosage Pm1 (H.Pm1) group demonstrated lower incidence of lesions, including atrophy, mononuclear inflammation, cell infiltration, and interstitial fibrosis in renal tubules in hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and Masson's trichrome stain. We further systematically investigated the preventing effect of Pm1. The H.Pm1 group decreased inflammatory …

How Much Can Mexican Healthcare Providers Learn About Breastfeeding Through A Semi-Virtual Training? A Propensity Score Matching Analysis, Mireya Vilar-Compte, Rafael Pérez-Escamilla, Meztli Moncada, Diana Flores

Department of Public Health Scholarship and Creative Works

Background: Mexico has shown a worrisome decrease in breastfeeding indicators, especially in the lowest socioeconomic level. Improving breastfeeding protection, promotion, and support services through workforce development is a key area of intervention. The objective of this study is to assess the influence on breastfeeding knowledge and abilities of a semi-virtual training for primary healthcare providers assisting beneficiaries of PROSPERA in Mexico, which is one of the largest conditional cash-transfer programs in the world. Methods: Two independent cross-sectional samples of healthcare providers were drawn at baseline and post-intervention in three states of Mexico. Baseline data were collected among primary physicians, registered …

Research Progress In Food-Derived Functional Peptides, Wang Shao-Yun, Yang Qian, Cai Xi-Xi, Chen Xuan, Chen Xu, Yang Fu-Jia, Wu Xiao-Ping

Food and Machinery

This review summarized the species, preparation methods and biological activities of food-derived functional peptides, and predicted the future research direction and good application prospects of food-derived functional peptides.

Analysis Of Glycation Products And Sensitization Of Ovalbumin Modified By Different Hexoses, Mao Ji-Hua, Wang Hui, Tu Zong-Cai, Zhong Bi-Zhen

Food and Machinery

The grafting degree, surface hydrophobicity, ultraviolet spectrum, fluorescence spectrum and sensitization of glycosylated ovalbumin modified by different hexoses were studied. The results showed that galactose-modified ovalbumin had the highest degree of

Study On The Sensitization Of Glycated Parvalbumin From Alaska Pollock During Simulated Digestion, Zhang Min, Tu Zong-Cai, Wang Hui, Liu Jun, Hu Yue-Ming

Food and Machinery

Indirect competition ELISA, high performance liquid chromatography and other techniques were used to study the sensitization and structural changes of glycosylated pollock albumin (PV) during simulated digestion in vitro. The results showed that th

Effect Of Hammering Process On Gel Properties Of Beef Gel, Sun Lu, Huang Qun, Tang Dao-Bang, Chen Shu-Peng, Cheng Jing-Rong

Food and Machinery

Based on different hammering time, contrasted with the beating sample, the effects of hammering on the quality of beef gel were analyzed by measuring rheological properties, cooking loss rate, texture properties, salt soluble protein content, protein oxid