Food Science Commons^™

Orange Juices Enriched With Chitosan: Optimisation For Extending The Shelf-Life, Catherine Barry-Ryan, Ana Belen Martin-Diana, Daniel Rico, J. Barat

Articles

Optimisation of the incorporation of chitosan in orange juice was accomplished by the evaluation of quality and nutritional markers. Response surface methodology was applied to obtain quadratic and second degree response surface model equations. The analyses showed that increases in chitosan concentration extended the quality of the orange juice significantly (p < 0.05), reducing enzymatic and non-enzymatic browning and controlling the spoilage during the storage time; however, concentrations N 1 g L− 1 produced a significant (p < 0.05) reduction in the concentrations of ascorbic acid and carotenoids associated with the positive charge of chitosan and its ability to flocculate and coagulate negatively charged substances. Also, concentrations N 1 g L− 1 were scored as unacceptable for the sensory panel due to an increase in bitterness. The study recommends the use of chitosan at concentrations up to 1 g L− 1 to extend quality and preserve ascorbic acid and carotenoids during storage time of fresh orange juice, thus avoiding the use of standard thermal treatments which produces a negative impact on the nutritional value. Industrial relevance: One of the major problems of fresh orange juice is its limited shelf-life. Spoilage and quick degradation of vitamins are two of the most important causes of quality loss during the shelf-life of this product. Moreover, the U. S. Food and Drug Administration issued a warning to consumers against drinking unpasteurised orange juice products because of the potential contamination with Salmonella typhimurium and its association with an outbreak of human disease caused by this organism [FDA issues nationwide health alert on Orchid Island unpasteurised orange juice. Products Recalls, Market Withdrawals and Safety Alerts.]. The main objective of this study was the study of chitosan as a natural preservative for extending the shelf-life of orange juice and as an alternative to pasteurisation.

Identification Of Volatile Quality Markers Of Ready-To-Use Lettuce And Cabbage, Catherine Barry-Ryan, Michael Devereux, Julien Lonchamp

Articles

Volatile emission changes of ready-to-use vegetables directly result from minimal processing and can reflect the sensory changes occurring in the product. Based on the detection of key volatile compounds, novel on-line and consumer quality-monitoring methods can be developed. The aim of this study was to identify volatile biomarkers for a range of leafy green ready-to-use vegetables (Butterhead and Iceberg lettuce and Irish York cabbage). Headspace volatile compounds were monitored using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The sensory quality of the products was evaluated at days 1, 7 and 14 using sensory and analytical measurements. Changes of volatile concentrations and sensory attributes …

Linda B. Godfrey, Linda B. Godfrey, Institute Of Child Nutrition. Child Nutrition Archives.

Oral History Project (all interviews)

Linda B. Godfrey’s 35 years as a registered dietitian have taken her from work on the food service staffs of a hospital and nursing home, as a teacher, and as a U.S. Army reserve unit member to her retirement in 2005. She retired as Child Nutrition Program Director for the Shelby County, Alabama, School System and from the United States Army Reserves with the rank of Colonel.

She received her B.S. Degree from the University of Tennessee in Food Science and Institution Management, completed a dietetic internship at the University of Alabama Medical Center in Birmingham, and received a M.S. …

Anita Ellis, Anita Ellis, Institute Of Child Nutrition. Child Nutrition Archives.

Oral History Project (all interviews)

Anita Ellis is a former educator who, as Assistant Director for the West Virginia Department of Education of Child Nutrition, directed the Nutrition Education & Training program. She has conducted training for teachers and food service personnel. She wrote the Kansas Department of Education, Pyramid Builders, Nutrition Curriculum K-6 and the Mississippi Department of Education, Pyramid Pursuit, Nutrition Curriculum K-3 and Grades 4-6.

Mrs. Ellis has various experiences in school food service procurement as well as training. She has organized four (4) purchasing cooperatives in West Virginia and continues to assist them with brand approval and bid specifications. …

Crop Bioengineering: Enormous Potential For Catalyzing International Development, Peter Gregory, Stanley P. Kowalski

Law Faculty Scholarship

[Excerpt] Bioengineering provides unique and dramatic opportunities for crop improvement. It can be used to develop crop varieties that would otherwise be unavailable and can facilitate much faster and more precise ways of developing improved varieties. It can help to increase yields and reliability and thus reduce food costs for the consumer while helping to control input costs for farmers through reduced applications of herbicides, pesticides, and fertilizer.

The extent to which this will be achieved depends on how effectively the global scientific community – including both the public and private sectors – can cooperate in harnessing the power of …

Effects Of Early Spring Growth Annual Ryegrass Pasture Consumption On Parameters Associated With Laminitis In Horses, Morgan Nicole Akers

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

Ten adult Quarter Horses (5 mares and 5 geldings) were placed in dry lot for 90 days and allowed free choice access to a diet consisting of average quality orchard grass hay, salt and water. The horses were then allowed free choice access to early-growth annual ryegrass pasture, salt and water for a 28 day period. Random hay and grass samples were analyzed for nutrient content. Blood samples were collected at 6 am, 8 am, 6 pm, and 8 pm on the final day of hay consumption and on the 4th, 9th and 28th days of grass consumption. Samples were …

United States Food Law Update: Pasteurized Almonds And Country Of Origin Labeling, A. Bryan Endres

Journal of Food Law & Policy

The last six months of 2008 found the nation occupied with a heated presidential election campaign and the transition to a new party's control of the executive branch. The outgoing president, as is often the case in the waning months of an administration's time in office, attempted to finalize several policy initiatives. This version of the Food Law Update will discuss two major developments with significant long-term impact on the law of food: the implementation of mandatory country of origin labeling (COOL) for most unprocessed agricultural commodities; and the increasing use of the United States Department of Agriculture's (USDA) Agricultural …

Isolation And Characterization Of Different Aggregates Of Lipid From Bovine Milk, Ankur Jhanwar

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Bovine milk fat globules naturally vary from less than 0.2 µm to 15 µm in diameter. Milk has at least two distinct distributions of fat globules. While the majority (~90%) of globules in milk are of the smaller distribution (average diameter of 0.4 µm), virtually all the fat is carried in the larger globules (average diameter 3.5 µm). This distribution suggests some compositional and/or functional significance might exist between the two populations of fat globules, which may be related to origin of these globules in the lactating cell.

Milk fat globules have a unique structure, composed of a core droplet …

Consumer Preferences: The Role Of Food Emotions In Food Choice, Jessica Glass

All Theses

The purpose of this study was to determine the driving factors in food choice. The Flavor Pyramid, introduced by Steven Kaun, indicates that the foundation of consumer food choice is emotional (Kaun, 2005). This study serves as a preliminary means to validate the role of the emotional component of food choice in today's market. Four gingerbread formulas, one from 1430, 1861, 2004, and a new product, were evaluated in a sensory panel in order to collect preliminary data on the role that food emotions play in consumer preference. Nearly sixty-six percent of all panelists chose the 2004 recipe as the …

Preparation, Separation, Purification, Characterization And Human Cell Line Anti-Cancer Evaluation Of Rice Bran Peptides, Arvind Kannan

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Bioactive compounds are revolutionizing the nutritional and medicinal world with their inherent disease-fighting properties. A wide range of functional groups fall under the category of imparting health benefits. Compounds from both animal and plant origins have been generated as bioactive agents that have opened up new vistas for alternative medicine and natural healing. For example, in a debilitating disease like cancer, these compounds can act to suppress or delay the underlying pathology over and above the conventional treatment strategies involving drugs or chemotherapy. In other words conventional and invasive therapy, although still considered appropriate at certain stages of cancer, their …

Validation Of A Peer-Teaching-Peer Paraprofessional Model In Teen Parenting Nutrition Education, Sylvia D. Keller

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Each year, teen pregnancy occurs in 750,000 15-to-19 year-old women in the United States (U.S.). Utah has the youngest population and the lowest teen abortion rates in the U.S. Approximately 73% of teen pregnancies in Utah result in live births. The prevalence of teen pregnancy and the nutritional risk to mother and child result in a much greater need for social support, such as nutrition education. Current literature shows that the paraprofessional model is effective in increasing positive behavior change through nutrition education. Presently, there is a lack of evidence that paraprofessional teens are capable of accurately and effectively teaching …

The Effectiveness Of The Teens Reaching Youth 4-H Model In A Childhood Nutrition And Physical Activity Education Program, Kristen Rae Stokes Strong

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Childhood obesity rates are on the rise. There are detrimental physical and psychological health effects associated with childhood obesity. Society needs proven methods of delivering nutrition and physical activity education to children. The Teens Reaching Youth (TRY) 4-H model has been shown to be effective at delivering curriculum in a variety of topics. To assess the effectiveness of the TRY 4-H model at delivering nutrition and physical activity education to youth, grades third through sixth. The program's objectives were to increase youth participants' nutritional knowledge, improve youth participants' eating and fitness habits, and improve leadership and life skills of the …

Impact Of Plant Essential Oils On Microbiological, Organoleptic And Quality Markers Of Minimally Processed Vegetables, Jorge Gutierrez, Paula Bourke, Julien Lonchamp, Catherine Barry-Ryan

Articles

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the efficacy of plant essential oils (EOs) for control of the natural spoilage microflora on ready-to-eat (RTE) lettuce and carrots whilst also considering their impact on organoleptic properties. Initial decontamination effects achieved using EOs were comparable to that observed with chlorine and solution containing oregano recorded a significantly lower initial TVC level than the water treatment on carrots (p < 0.05). No significant differences were found between the EO treatments and chlorine considering gas composition, color, texture and water activity of samples. The sensory panel found EO treatments acceptable for carrots throughout storage, while lettuce washed with the EO solutions were rejected for overall appreciation by Day 7. Correlating microbial and sensory changes with volatile emissions identified 12 volatile quality markers. Oregano might be a suitable decontamination alternative to chlorine for RTE carrots, while the identification of volatile quality markers is a useful complement to sensory and microbiological assessments in the monitoring of organoleptic property changes and shelf-life of fresh vegetables. Industrial relevance There is industrial demand for natural alternatives to chlorine, which is commonly used for decontamination of fresh produce but which has limitations with respect to antimicrobial efficacy and possible formation of carcinogenic compounds in water. Plant essential oils have proven antimicrobial and other bioactive properties, however their usefulness in foods can be mitigated by their high sensory impact. This study examined the application of EOs for fresh produce decontamination addressing control of spoilage microflora and improving shelf-life characteristics whilst also considering the impact on organoleptic properties. The effectiveness of oregano as a decontamination treatment was comparable with that of chlorine. Carrot discs treated with the EO regimes were acceptable in terms of sensory quality and appreciation, therefore oregano could offer a natural alternative for the washing and preservation of fresh produce. Combining EOs with other natural preservatives might minimize doses and reduce the impact on organoleptic properties of fresh vegetables.

The Politics Of Genetically Modified Organisms: Global Rules, Local Needs, Ximena Gonzalez

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

Biotechnology in regards to agriculture is complex and cannot be judged by a single factor. Exporters of GM foods have their reasons for exportation, and importing countries have their reasons to accept them. There is not a unified reason for acceptance or rejection. Countries may accept or reject for economic, social, or political reasons. Other countries may accept or reject for environmental and/or health reasons. However, there is the inevitable factor of influence. Some countries like the United States, and supernational powers like the European Union are major elements to the decision making process of developing countries. When it comes …

Epidemiology Of Early And Late Growth In Height, Leg And Trunk Length: Findings From A Birth Cohort Of Brazilian Males, D. P. Gigante, Aydin Nazmi, R. C. Lima, F. C. Barros, Cesar G. Victora

Food Science and Nutrition

Background/Objective:To investigate socioeconomic, gestational and early life exposures as potential determinants of total height, leg and trunk length.

Subjects/Methods:Male subjects from the 1982 Pelotas Birth Cohort Study were examined in 1986 at home, and in 2000 when registering at the local army base. The follow-up rate was 79%. Standing and sitting heights were measured on both occasions. Leg length was calculated as the difference between standing and sitting heights. Outcome measures were height, leg and trunk length at 4 and 18 years and growth in this period. Complete data were obtained for 2012 participants, representing 71% of all …

Effect Of Processing Parameters On Texture, Composition And Applicability Of High Protein Dairy Food, Maulik Shah

Master's Theses

The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of key process parameters on the flow properties of a novel High Protein Dairy Food (HPDF). HPDF was manufactured by an approach similar to that of manufacture of Halloumi cheese (a semi hard cheese originally from Cyprus). The effect of pasteurization condition, pH of acidification and homogenization were investigated on flowability, composition and texture of the HPDF. The study consisted of three different stages. After each stage of experimentation, the HPDF was analyzed for compositional, textural (by texture profile analysis) and flow properties during heating by microwave, oven and hot …

Extrinsic Control Parameters For Ozone Inactivation Of Escherichia Coli Using A Bubble Column, Sonal Patil, Patrick J. Cullen, Bridget Cullen, Jesus Maria Frias, Paula Bourke

Articles

Aims: To investigate the effect of extrinsic control parameters for ozone inactivation of E. coli in a bubble column. Methods and Results: Ozone inactivation of Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 in Tryptic Soya Broth was examined. The parameters studied included temperature (ambient, 20, 25 and 30°C), exposure time (up to 30 min), gas flow rate (0·03, 0·06, 0·12, 0·25, 0·5 and 0·75 l min−1) and concentration level (five different levels). The efficacy of ozone treatment was a function of the parameters investigated and optimum control parameters of flow rate (0·12 l min−1), temperature (ambient) and ozone concentration (75 μg ml−1) resulted …

Barbara Gauthier, Barbara Gauthier, Institute Of Child Nutrition. Child Nutrition Archives.

Oral History Project (all interviews)

Barbara Gauthier is a retired school food service director originally from Thibodaux, Louisiana. After graduating from LSU with a degree in Hospital Dietetics and Institutional Management and working briefly in industry, Gauthier took her first job in school food service in East Baton Rouge Parish. After working for several years and in multiple positions in East Baton Rouge, Gauthier moved on to Lafourche Parish as a food service director in her native Thibodaux. Here in Lafourche Parish Gauthier introduced the Breakfast Program, as well as introducing centralized menu planning and purchasing. At retirement Gauthier left the district with a $5 …

Marcelle Landry, Marcelle Landry, Institute Of Child Nutrition. Child Nutrition Archives.

Oral History Project (all interviews)

Marcelle Landry, a proud native of the French Quarter, served for many years with the Louisiana Department of Education as Assistant Director, School Food Services, before joining the Archdiocese of New Orleans as Supervisor of School Food Services. Though now retired, Mrs. Landry is still very active with the Louisiana School Food Service Association, of which she is a past president.

Wendy Mangiaracina, Wendy Mangiaracina, Institute Of Child Nutrition. Child Nutrition Archives.

Oral History Project (all interviews)

Wendy Mangiaracina is a New Orleans native with thirty-three years of experience in child nutrition programs. She chose Southwest Louisiana University for her post-secondary education, where she earned a Bachelor’s Degree in Dietetics. She later attended Tulane University and obtained a Master of Public Health degree. After a long and dedicated career Wendy retired in the summer of 2009. Melba Hollingsworth interviewed Wendy in January 2009.

Barbara Songy, Barbara Songy, Institute Of Child Nutrition. Child Nutrition Archives.

Oral History Project (all interviews)

Barbara Songy is a native of London, England, but has spent many more years in Louisiana feeding that state’s children than she ever spent in the United Kingdom. Barbara came to the United States as a war bride, having met and married a Louisiana airman during World War II. Displeased with what her first child was being served for lunch, she set about not only improving the menu, she raised the funds to build a new cafeteria. When the person who was supposed to manage the new cafeteria suddenly had to resign she agreed to take on the job temporarily. …

Jacqueline Clements, Jacqueline Clements, Institute Of Child Nutrition. Child Nutrition Archives.

Oral History Project (all interviews)

Jacqueline Clements holds a Bachelor’s Degree in Home Economics and a Master’s in Administration and Supervision. She taught Home Economics for eighteen years before transferring to school food service. Jacqueline then worked as a Food Service Director for an additional seventeen years.

Cynthia Ruffin, Cynthia Ruffin, Institute Of Child Nutrition. Child Nutrition Archives.

Oral History Project (all interviews)

Cynthia Ruffin began her school nutrition career in Louisiana more than 35 years ago. She received a B.S. in Dietetics from Louisiana State University and an MBA from Southeastern Louisiana University. Cynthia has worked at the local school level, with the Louisiana Department of Education, and as the Director of Child Nutrition in St. Charles Parish Public Schools near New Orleans. Some of her career highlights include developing the Louisiana School Lunch Cycle Menus; expanding Breakfast-on-the-Go programs, implementing The Main Course, a culinary training program for food service technicians; and contributing significantly to district recovery after the devastation of Hurricane …

Pat Farris, Pat Farris, Institute Of Child Nutrition. Child Nutrition Archives.

Oral History Project (all interviews)

Pat Farris holds a Bachelor’s Degree in Dietetics and a Master’s Degree in Human Nutrition from Louisiana State University. She has held numerous positions in the field of nutrition, first working in hospitals, and later consulting in child and adult weight management. In 1980 Pat accepted a position with the Louisiana Department of Education’s child nutrition programs, and learned what school lunch was about for the next fourteen years. Since 1994 she has been with the Archdiocese of New Orleans, where she is currently the Director of School Food Services.

Lou Simoneaux, Lou Simoneaux, Institute Of Child Nutrition. Child Nutrition Archives.

Oral History Project (all interviews)

Lou Simoneaux spent twenty years traveling the world with her military family before returning to her home state of Louisiana and beginning a new career in school food service. She spent several years in the Panama Canal Zone and then moved to France. When her husband finally retired they returned to Lou’s hometown of Napoleonville, Louisiana, where she spent the next twenty-nine years providing healthy, nutritious meals to the children of Assumption Parish.

Mary Eleanor Cole, Mary Eleanor Cole, Institute Of Child Nutrition. Child Nutrition Archives.

Oral History Project (all interviews)

After finishing her Master’s at LSU, Mary Eleanor Cole was recruited by Mildred Stringfield to come to East Baton Rough Parish child nutrition programs to work on food and equipment specifications. After a number of years she became director in 1976.

Martha S. Walker, Martha S. Walker, Institute Of Child Nutrition. Child Nutrition Archives.

Oral History Project (all interviews)

Martha S. Walker is New Orleans native and a graduate of Southern University. She has managed school feeding programs in East Baton Rough Parish for twenty-five years.

Mary Carter, Mary Carter, Institute Of Child Nutrition. Child Nutrition Archives.

Oral History Project (all interviews)

Mary Carter in in her third-fourth year career in child nutrition. She started out as an assistant manager, then became a single-unit manager, multi-unit manager, and is now the supervisor of thirty-four schools’ child nutrition programs.

Cyndi Nobles, Cyndi Nobles, Institute Of Child Nutrition. Child Nutrition Archives.

Oral History Project (all interviews)

A native of Baton Rouge, by way of New Orleans, Cyndi Nobles has spent her career in food service. After spending five years working for a food service management company, Cyndi has been with the Louisiana State Department of Education child nutrition programs for the last thirty years.

The Development And Pilot Of A Culinary Intervention Designed Using The Social Cognitive Theory To Teach Nutrition To Adolescent Girls, Julie Chessen, Lisa M. Nicholson, Jeff Sklar, Ann Yelmokas Mcdermott

Food Science and Nutrition

Due to the trend of decreased traditional cooking skills, this study investigated the effectiveness of practical cooking classes on diet quality to reduce the prevalence of obesity in adolescent girls.