Food Science Commons^™

Effect Of Raw Lngredient Surface Area, Storage Time And Antioxidants On Color And Oxidative Stability Of Ground Beef In 80% Oxygen Modified Atmosphere Packaging, Avanthi Vissa

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Fresh beef packaged in high-oxygen modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) has longer red color stability than beef in oxygen-permeable polyvinyl chloride (PVC) film. However, fresh beef in high oxygen becomes rancid by 10 days storage at 2°C. Thus the objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of various antioxidants (milk mineral, MM; sodium tripolyphosphate, STP; vitamin E, E) on color and thiobarbituric acid (TBA) values of ground chuck stored in 80% oxygen MAP for 14 days at 1° C. A preliminary experiment was also done to determine the effect of raw meat history (surface area during storage and storage …

Influence Of Sodium Chloride, Calcium, Moisture, And Ph On The Structure And Functionality Of Nonfat Directly Acidified Mozzarella Cheese, Brian M. Paulson

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Experiment A explored the influence of sodium on direct acid, nonfat Mozzarella cheese. Cheeses with differing salt levels were obtained by varying dry salt applications (none, 0.5%, and 1.0% NaCl w/w) and hot brine stretching (0%, 5%, and 10% NaCl wt/v). Salt application and salt content influenced cheese moisture, meltability, expressible serum, micro- and ultra-structure, and color. Moisture was highest when cheese was salted before stretching (P = 0.03). Melt was lowest in cheeses that were unsalted (P = 0.05). Cheeses stretched in salt brine had < 1% of the amount of expressible serum found in unsalted cheese (P < 0.0001). Unsalted cheeses had a more open structure with pockets of serum distributed throughout the protein matrix giving it an opaque, white appearance. Salted cheeses had a more homogeneous protein matrix lacking light scattering surfaces, resulting in a translucent cheese. Neither salt concentration nor method of salting affected the calcium content of the cheeses (P > 0.05).

Experiment B explored the influence of calcium, moisture, and …

Prevention Of Pigment Deterioration And Lipid Oxidation In Ground Beef And Pork, Preetha Jayasingh

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Fresh beef was modified-atmosphere packaged in carbon monoxide or oxygen to prolong red surface color. After comparison of several packaging method using carbon monoxide, steaks pretreated with 5% carbon monoxide for 24 hours and then vacuum packaged had the best combination of color and microbial stability (5 weeks), with the least potential for carbon monoxide inhalation.

In the evaluation of ground beef in high-oxygen, modified-atmosphere-packaging, thiobarbituric-acid numbers increased over time, and the flavor was disliked slightly after 6 or 10 days of storage at 2° Celsius.

The antioxidant effect of milk-mineral was tested in raw and cooked ground pork stored …

Nutrition And Bone Density In Children With Cystic Fibrosis, Joanna K. Davidson

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The purpose of these studies was to further research on bone density in children with cystic fibrosis, particularly as it pertains to nutritional parameters and care. The first paper presented a comparison of a group of 50 children with cystic fibrosis to a group of 32 control children. There were no significant differences between the groups in any of the pertinent bone density measurements. Serum 25(OH) vitamin D was positively correlated with spine density z score in the cystic fibrosis group.

The second paper, incorporating all of the information obtained from the first paper, describes an intervention study with the …

Cultivation Of Mushroom Mycelia Using Whey Products As A Growth Substrate, Boyd S. Inglet

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

As part of a project designed to utilize common dairy waste products profitably, reconstituted dry whey permeate and delactosed whey were tested as growth substrates for mycelia of the edible mushroom Lentinus edodes. This mushroom was chosen because it is possible to profitably cultivate it due to its popular culinary appeal and perceived medical benefits.

Growth experiments were performed in petri dishes containing either reconstituted dry whey permeate or delactosed whey as a growth substrate, and the measured response was the size of the growing mycelia colony. When reconstituted dry whey permeate was utilized as a growth substrate, the …

Casein Supramolecules: Structure And Coagulation Properties, Bonney S. Oommen

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The changes in quaternary structure of casein supramolecules with various physical and chemical treatments were studied using transmission electron microscopy, and a model to account for the changes is put forth. The effects of casein structure on coagulation properties were also studied. The sample preparation for transmission electron microscopy involved physical methods of fixation and flash freeing to preserve the structure of caseins in the sample.

The structure of caseins in sodium and calcium caseinate varied with sodium caseinate not exhibiting any spherical structure as opposed to the spherical structure seen in calcium caseinate, non-fat dried milk and native milk. …

Hormone Mediated Transport Of Calcium And Phosphate In Polarized Epithelial Cells, Tremaine M. Sterling

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The effects of 1,25(OH)₂D₃, PTH and 25(OH)D₃ on phosphate or calcium uptake were studied in cultured, adherent chick enterocytes over a period of 10 min after hormone addition. Time course studies of cells treated with 130 pM 1,25(OH)₂D₃ showed an increase in ³²P uptake as early as 3 min. Similar studies with 65 pM bPTH(l1-34) resulted in an increase in ⁴⁵Ca uptake only if the cells had been cultured in serum. (OH)D₃, which is not firmly established as an active metabolite of vitamin D, was shown to increase …

Quality At Time Of Purchase Of Dried Milk Products Commercially Packaged In Reduced Oxygen Atmosphere, Michelle A. Lloyd, J. Zou, H. Farnsworth, Oscar A. Pike

Faculty Publications

Nonfat dry milk (NDM) and powdered whey beverages are available at the retail level, packaged in No. 10 cans in a reduced oxygen atmosphere to prolong shelf life. The objective of this research was to determine the sensory and nutritional quality of these dried milk products at the time of purchase. In the 10 brands tested, wide variation existed in headspace oxygen, can seam quality, sensory quality, and vitamin A (with 6 of 10 brands entirely lacking the vitamin). Manufacturers of dried milk products packaged in cans for long-term storage need to give careful attention to can seam quality, product …

Beverly Lowe, Beverly Lowe, Institute Of Child Nutrition. Child Nutrition Archives.

Oral History Project (all interviews)

Beverly Lowe is a registered dietitian and is certified by the School Nutrition Association (SNA) as a School Nutrition Specialist (SNS). She has served as a Cafeteria Manager, Nutrition Specialist, Food Service Director, and Consultant during her career in School Food Service. Beverly’s notable honors and accomplishments include USDA Best Practices Awards, IFMA Silver Plate Award as School Food Service Operator of the Year, Ivy Award from Restaurant & Institutions Magazine (only SFS Director), Outstanding Civilian Service Medal, Golden Star FAME Award, and many others. Beverly has provided training and technical assistance for numerous school districts and organizations. Her professional …

June Crews, June Crews, Institute Of Child Nutrition. Child Nutrition Archives.

Oral History Project (all interviews)

June Crews was a School Lunch Program Supervisor in Charlottesville, Virginia, from 1965– 1966.

Are Who/Unaids/Unicef-Recommended Replacement Milks For Infants Of Hiv-Infected Mothers Appropriate In The South African Context?, Peggy Papathakis, Nigel Rollins

Food Science and Nutrition

ObjectiveLittle is known about the nutritional adequacy and feasibility of breastmilk replacement options recommended by WHO/ UNAIDS/UNICEF. The study aim was to explore suitability of the 2001 feeding recommendations for infants of HIV-infected mothers for a rural region in KwaZulu Natal, South Africa specifically with respect to adequacy of micronutrients and essential fatty acids, cost, and preparation times of replacement milks.

Methods Nutritional adequacy, cost, and preparation time of home-prepared replacement milks containing powdered full cream milk (PM) and fresh full cream milk (FM) and different micronutrient supplements (2 g UNICEF micronutrient sachet, government supplement routinely available in district …

Earnestine Camp, Earnestine Camp, Institute Of Child Nutrition. Child Nutrition Archives.

Oral History Project (all interviews)

Earnestine Camp has been actively involved with school food service programs for over sixty years since she began teaching Home Economics at Yellville-Summit High School in Yellville, Arkansas, in 1942. In addition to teaching, she directed the school lunch program there from 1943 to 1951. She was an Area Supervisor in the School Food Service Section of the Arkansas Department of Education from 1953 – 1987. She served as Southwest Regional Director for the American School Food Service Association. Ms. Camp coordinated membership for the Arkansas School Food Service Association from 1986 – 1999. Since 1999 she has been active …

Regulation Of Transcription Of Compatible Solute Transporters By The General Stress Sigma Factor, ΣB, In Listeria Monocytogenes, Mehmet Sevket Cetin, Chaomei Zhang, Robert W. Hutkins, Andrew K. Benson

Department of Food Science and Technology: Faculty Publications

Listeria monocytogenes is well known for its durable physiological characteristics, which allow the organism to grow at low temperature and pH and high osmolarity. Growth under high osmolarity depends on the accumulation of compatible solutes, among which glycine betaine and carnitine are the preferred solutes for this organism. Three different transport systems, Gbu, BetL, and OpuC, have been identified in L. monocytogenes which serve to scavenge the preferred compatible solutes. The general stress response regulator σ^B has been shown to play an important role in osmotic adaptation in L. monocytogenes, presumably by directing transcription from one or more …

Regulation Of Transcription Of Compatible Solute Transporters By The General Stress Sigma Factor, ΣB, In Listeria Monocytogenes, Mehmet Sevket Cetin, Chaomei Zhang, Robert W. Hutkins, Andrew K. Benson

Department of Food Science and Technology: Faculty Publications

Listeria monocytogenes is well known for its durable physiological characteristics, which allow the organism to grow at low temperature and pH and high osmolarity. Growth under high osmolarity depends on the accumulation of compatible solutes, among which glycine betaine and carnitine are the preferred solutes for this organism. Three different transport systems, Gbu, BetL, and OpuC, have been identified in L. monocytogenes which serve to scavenge the preferred compatible solutes. The general stress response regulator σ^B has been shown to play an important role in osmotic adaptation in L. monocytogenes, presumably by directing transcription from one or more …

Method For Mulching An Agricultural Soil Bed Using A Biodegradable Protein Material And A Mulched Agricultural Crop Growing Plot Produced Thereby, Yusuf Ali, Viswas Ghorpade, Robert Weber, Milford Hanna

Department of Food Science and Technology: Faculty Publications

A method is provided for mulching an agricultural Soil bed using a biodegradable protein mulch material. The method includes the preparation of a film forming Solution of a film forming protein material. The film forming protein Solution is then sprayed directly onto a Surface of an agricultural Soil bed. The solution dries to form a thin film of protein material on the Surface of the agricultural Soil bed. The protein material may comprise a plant protein, a milk protein, an animal protein, a whey protein, casein, an egg protein or gelatin. Following a harvest, the mulch material, which is biodegradable, …

Cookbook Roundup, Andrea Kempf

Library Papers and Presentations

The author does an extensive review of several Asian cookbooks.

Originally published in Persimmon: Asian Literature, Arts, and Culture. Volume IV, Issue III, Winter 2004 (online only). Submission is as appears in the Internet Archive, last preserved May 7, 2008.

Boucherie Et Hygiène À Paris Au Xviiie Siècle, Sydney Watts

History Faculty Publications

Au XVIII^e siècle, l'essor de la consommation de viande de boucherie rend problématique la présence des bouchers et de leur commerce au centre de Paris. Grâce à ses réseaux d'approvisionnement, la capitale est relativement riche en bœuf, veau et mouton frais (les produits premiers du commerce de boucherie), mais la préparation de la viande à l'intérieur de la ville pollue l'air et l'eau¹. Des chroniqueurs tels que Louis-Sébastien Mercier évoquent la pol lution provoquée par la présence des tueries qui génèrent des rivières de sang, des odeurs putrides, bref un spectacle et des sons barbares:

«Elles ne …

Discovery: The Student Journal Of Dale Bumpers College Of Agricultural, Food And Life Sciences - Volume 5 2004, Several Authors

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

No abstract provided.

Letter From The Dean, Gregory J. Weidemann

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

No abstract provided.

Contents, Discovery Editors

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

No abstract provided.

Characterizing Bean Pod Rot In Arkansas And Missouri, Jeremy H. Taylor, Craig S. Rothrock

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

Green beans are an important crop grown for processing in both Arkansas and Missouri. Green beans are harvested mechanically using non-selective picking fingers. Harvested beans are then transported in bulk to processing plants that are located at various locations throughout the mid-South. Thus, the crop is managed for high quality, avoiding pod blemishes caused by insects and diseases. One of the consistent quality problems that affect Arkansas and Missouri green bean crops is pod rot. Two of the causal agents of pod rot that have been reported by researchers and vegetable companies alike are Pythium aphanidermatum and an unidentified Phytophthora …

A Comparison Of Recently Introduced Instruments For Measuring Rice Flour Viscosity, Nettie Mathis, Linfeng Wang, Terry J. Siebenmorgen

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

The Rapid Visco-Analyser (RVA) and the Micro Visco-Amylograph (MVA) were compared in measuring the viscosity properties of rice flours. A total of 72 rice samples were procured from three cultivars harvested at two locations and three moisture contents and separated into thin, medium, and thick kernel-thickness fractions. A fast and a slow heating rate was used in the procedure for both instruments. Cultivar, kernel thickness, and harvest location affected rice viscosity. The RVA viscosity profiles using a fast heating rate were best correlated with those of the MVA using a slow heating rate. The RVA slow heating rate resulted in …

Instructions For Authors, Discovery Editors

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

No abstract provided.

The Effect Of An Altered Cytokinin Metabolism On Plant Development And C Ell Aging In Crop Plants, Ian Mcevoy

Doctoral

Isopentenyl transferase (IPT) is an enzyme encoded by a bacterial gene that catalyzes the rate-limiting step in cytokinin biosynthesis. Under the control of senescence-associated promoter (pSAG12), isolated from Arabidopsis thaliana, it has been shown to delay senescence in several herbaceous species. Cytokinin synthesis begins at the onset of senescence and is then stopped when senescence ceases. This auto regulatory control of the transgene ensures normal development and morphology of the transformed plant, which may be affected in plants constitutively expressing ipt. In this study, it was investigated if an altered cytokinin metabolism, as a result of transformation by pSAG12: ipt, …

Catabolite Repression And Virulence Gene Expression In Listeria Monocytogenes, Stefanie Evans Gilbreth, Andrew K. Benson, Robert W. Hutkins

Department of Food Science and Technology: Faculty Publications

Previous studies have suggested that carbohydrates may affect expression of virulence genes in Listeria monocytogenes. Which carbohydrates influence virulence gene expression and how carbohydrates mediate expression, however, is not clear. The goal of this work was to examine how carbohydrates affect virulence gene expression in L. monocytogenes 10403S. Growth studies were conducted in medium containing glucose and various sugars. Metabolism of arbutin, arabitol, cellobiose, mannose, maltose, trehalose, and salicin were repressed in the presence of glucose. Only when glucose was consumed were these sugars fermented, indicating that catabolite repression by glucose had occurred. To determine whether virulence gene expression …

A Consensus Protocol For The Determination Of The Threshold Doses For Allergenic Foods: How Much Is Too Much?, S. L. Taylor, S. L. Hefle, C. Bindslev-Jensen, F. M. Atkins, C. Andre, C. Bruijnzeel-Koomen, A. W. Burks, R. K. Bush, M. Ebisawa, P. A. Eigenmann, A. Host, Jonathan O. B. Hourihane, E. Isolauri, D. J. Hill, A. Knulst, G. Lack, H. A. Sampson, D. A. Moneret-Vautrin, F. Rance, P. A. Vadas, J. W. Yunginger, R. S. Zeiger, J. W. Salminen, C. Madsen, P. Abbott

Department of Food Science and Technology: Faculty Publications

Background:While the ingestion of small amounts of an offending food can elicit adverse reactions in individuals with IgE-mediated food allergies, little information is known regarding these threshold doses for specific allergenic foods. While low-dose challenge trials have been conducted on an appreciable number of allergic individuals, a variety of different clinical protocols were used making the estimation of the threshold dose very difficult.

Objective: A roundtable conference was convened to develop a consensus clinical protocol for low-dose challenge trials for the estimation of threshold doses for specific allergenic foods.

Methods: In May 2002, 20 clinical allergists and other interested parties …