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Articles 61 - 74 of 74
Full-Text Articles in Food Science
Prediction Of Zinc Deficiency In Navy Beans (Phaseolus Vulgaris) By Soil And Plant Analyses, J. D. Armour, A. D. Robson, G. S.P. Ritchie
Prediction Of Zinc Deficiency In Navy Beans (Phaseolus Vulgaris) By Soil And Plant Analyses, J. D. Armour, A. D. Robson, G. S.P. Ritchie
Food Science and Nutrition
Navy beans (Phaseolus vulgaris cv. Gallaroy) were grown with 7 rates of zinc (Zn) in a Zn-deficient gravelly sandy loam in a glasshouse experiment. The plant shoots were harvested 31 days after sowing and the Zn concentration in each of 4 plant parts (YL, young leaf; YOL, young open leaf; YFEL, youngest fully expanded leaf; and whole shoots) was related to the fresh weight of the shoots. The critical Zn concentrations (mgtkg) in the plant parts determined by the 2 intersecting straight lines model were 21.1 for YL (r2 = 0.66), 17.1 for YOL (r2 = 0.83), …
Extractable Zinc In Particle Size Fractions Of Soils From Western Australia And Queensland, J. D. Armour, G. S.P. Ritchie, A. D. Robson
Extractable Zinc In Particle Size Fractions Of Soils From Western Australia And Queensland, J. D. Armour, G. S.P. Ritchie, A. D. Robson
Food Science and Nutrition
The zinc (Zn) content of particle size fractions of 12 mainly Zn deficient soils was measured by extraction with three contrasting extractants. The soils, which ranged from sands to a black earth, were from Western Australia and Queensland and particle size fractions (clay, silt, fine sand, coarse sand) were obtained by sieving and sedimentation after ultrasonification of soil suspended in deionized water. The extractants were concentrated HNO3/H2SO4/HClO4 (acid extractable or AE-Zn), DTPA and 0.002 M CaCl2. For each extractant, Zn contents of the fractions and whole soils were correlated with organic …
Zinc Adsorption By A Lateritic Soil In The Presence Of Organic Ligands, P. Chairidchai, G. S. P. Ritchie
Zinc Adsorption By A Lateritic Soil In The Presence Of Organic Ligands, P. Chairidchai, G. S. P. Ritchie
Food Science and Nutrition
Zinc adsorption by a lateritic podzolic soil was measured in the presence of 0 to 3 mmol/litre of acetate, oxalate, citrate, tricarballylate, salicylate, or catechol, or 0 to 3 mmolc/litre of humate. Zinc remaining in solution was measured by atomic absorption spectrometry after shaking the soil for 17 h at a soil/liquid ratio of 1:5 in a 0.003 mol/litre KCl solution containing 0 to 500 μmol/litre Zn and the ligands. In the absence of organic ligands, more than 95% of the zinc was adsorbed. The amount of adsorption was linearly correlated with pH and the concentration of ZnOH …
Changes With Time In The Availability Of Soil Applied Zinc To Navy Beans And In The Chemical Extraction Of Zinc From Soils, J. D. Armour, G. S.P. Ritchie, A. D. Robson
Changes With Time In The Availability Of Soil Applied Zinc To Navy Beans And In The Chemical Extraction Of Zinc From Soils, J. D. Armour, G. S.P. Ritchie, A. D. Robson
Food Science and Nutrition
The effect of the incubation of zinc (Zn) applied to the soil on Zn uptake and the Zn concentrations in chemical extractants was studied. In a glasshouse experiment using a Zn-deficient gravelly sandy loam, the effect of recently applied Zn was compared with that of Zn incubated with the soil for 15 days at 40°C on growth and Zn uptake by navy beans (Phaseolus vulgaris cv. Gallaroy). At the second harvest (33 days after sowing), the dry weight of shoots of recently applied Zn was consistently higher than that of incubated Zn, except at the highest rate of 1 …
The Estimation Of Free Aluminium And The Competition Between Fluoride And Humate Anions For Aluminium, G. S.P. Ritchie, M. P. Nelson, M. G. Whitten
The Estimation Of Free Aluminium And The Competition Between Fluoride And Humate Anions For Aluminium, G. S.P. Ritchie, M. P. Nelson, M. G. Whitten
Food Science and Nutrition
Three equations for estimating the concentration of free aluminium, [Al3+], from the activity of free fluoride, (F-), were compared to assess their suitability for estimating [Al3+] in acid soil solutions and in competition studies. We then studied the ability of humic acids to compete with F for Al by comparing the behaviour of the humic acids in the presence of F and Al with that of several carboxylic acids under the same conditions. All three methods of estimating [Al ] were limited in their applicability to acid soil solutions but were uitable for estimating …
A Preliminary Evaluation Of Resin Extractable Molybdenum As A Soil Test, G. S.P. Ritchie
A Preliminary Evaluation Of Resin Extractable Molybdenum As A Soil Test, G. S.P. Ritchie
Food Science and Nutrition
Resin extractable Mo explained 72% of the variation in yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum) grown on ten acid soils as measured by the relative yield of the tops or by the uptake of Mo by the youngest emerged blade.
Phosphorus Leaching In Sandy Soils. Ii. Laboratory Studies Of The Long-Term Effects Of The Phosphorus Source, D. M. Weaver, G. S.P. Ritchie, G. C. Anderson
Phosphorus Leaching In Sandy Soils. Ii. Laboratory Studies Of The Long-Term Effects Of The Phosphorus Source, D. M. Weaver, G. S.P. Ritchie, G. C. Anderson
Food Science and Nutrition
Long-term phosphorus (P) losses and gains in sandy soils continuously fertilized with either ordinary superphosphate or coastal superphosphate (a granulated mixture of superphosphate, rock phosphate and elemental sulfur) or previously fertilized with superphosphate were investigated under leaching conditions in columns in the laboratory. The soils were subjected to 10 consecutive cycles designed to simulate the mediterranean weather conditions in the Harvey region of the Coastal Plain of Western Australia. Each cycle consisted of a wet phase during which the equivalent of 850 mm of rainfall was leached through the soil and a drier phase during which the soil was incubated …
Phosphorus Leaching In Sandy Soils. I. Short-Term Effects Of Fertilizer Applications And Environmental Conditions, D. M. Weaver, G. S.P. Ritchie, G. C. Anderson, D. M. Deeley
Phosphorus Leaching In Sandy Soils. I. Short-Term Effects Of Fertilizer Applications And Environmental Conditions, D. M. Weaver, G. S.P. Ritchie, G. C. Anderson, D. M. Deeley
Food Science and Nutrition
The consequences of previous as well as current environmental conditions and management practices on the potential for phosphorus (P) to be lost by drainage from sandy soils in the short term (< 1 year) were studied in the laboratory and the field. The potential for P losses by drainage was estimated by measuring soil solution P levels and rapidly released P. Rapidly released P was measured by determining the concentration of dissolved inorganic P contained in filtered (µm) soil solutions after incubating soil at saturation for 15 min at ambient temperature. In the laboratory, sandy soils were incubated with ordinary superphosphate, coastal superphosphate (a granulated mixture of equal parts of superphospate, rock phosphate and elemental sulfur) or lime-superphosphate (a lime-reverted superphosphate with 18% kiln dust) and sequentially desorbed with deionized water. The effects of the extent of leaching, fertilizer type, application rate and the time of contact with the soil on soil solution P levels were investigated. The influence of annual pasture death and summer rainfall on rapidly released P in soils that had been pre-treated by leaching were also investigated.
Phosphorus concentrations decreased logarithmically in the successive supernatants of the sequentially desorbed soils. More P was desorbed from soils incubated with superphosphate and lime-superphosphate than soil incubated with coastal superphosphate. At each level of pre-leaching, the P concentrations in the soil solution increased with increasing time. The level, to which the P concentration in the soil solution increased at each time, decreased with increased extent of pre-leaching. The …
The Effectiveness Of Lime-Based Amendments And Bauxite Residues At Removing Phosphorus From Piggery Effluent, D. M. Weaver, G. S. P. Ritchie
The Effectiveness Of Lime-Based Amendments And Bauxite Residues At Removing Phosphorus From Piggery Effluent, D. M. Weaver, G. S. P. Ritchie
Food Science and Nutrition
Piggery effluent may contribute to the eutrophication of waterways, if it is not treated before disposal, because of high levels of phosphorus. Limes and red muds (a residue from bauxite refining) were used to remove phosphorus from piggery effluent (41 mg litre-1 total P). Lime-based amendments were more effective than the red muds at removing phosphorus when compared at the same liquid: solid ratios. Based on laboratory data, the cost of treating effluent increased rapidly as the final required phosphorus concentration decreased to less than 4 mg litre-1. Kiln dust was the cheapest amendment tested down to …
Relative Toxicities Of Inorganic Aluminum Complexes To Barley, R. S. Cameron, G. S.P. Ritchie, A. D. Robson
Relative Toxicities Of Inorganic Aluminum Complexes To Barley, R. S. Cameron, G. S.P. Ritchie, A. D. Robson
Food Science and Nutrition
The inorganic forms of Al in the soil solution that decrease plant growth in acid soils have not been clearly identified. Therefore, we examined the effects of Al and its complexes with F- and SO42- on the root elongation of barley (Hordeum vulgare) in nutrient solutions containing 3333 μmol Ca L-1 and 6 μmol B L-1 at pH 4.5. The anions were chosen because of their presence in the soil solution at levels sufficient to complex Al. The toxicity of 0 to 100 μmol Al L-1 was studied in the presence of …
Estimates Of Soil Solution Ionic Strength And The Determination Of Ph In West Australian Soils, P. J. Dolling, G. S.P. Ritchie
Estimates Of Soil Solution Ionic Strength And The Determination Of Ph In West Australian Soils, P. J. Dolling, G. S.P. Ritchie
Food Science and Nutrition
The average ionic strength of 20 West Australian soils was found to be 0.0048. The effects of three electrolytes (deionized water, CaCl2 and KNO3), three ionic strengths (0.03, 0.005 and soil ionic strength at field capacity, Is) and two soil liquid ratios (1:5 and 1:10) on the pH of 15 soils were investigated. pH measurements in solutions of ionic strength 0.005 differed the least from measurements made at Is. The differences that occurred in comparisons with distilled water or CaCl2 of ionic strength 0.03 (0.01 M) were much greater (≥0.4 pH …
The Role Of Organic Matter In Soil Acidification, G. S.P. Ritchie, P. J. Dolling
The Role Of Organic Matter In Soil Acidification, G. S.P. Ritchie, P. J. Dolling
Food Science and Nutrition
The pH and buffer capacity of two soils increased or remained constant after incubation with different amounts of plant material (lucerne cham at field capacity and when air dry. For both soils, the pH changes were greater at field capacity, whereas the buffer capacities were independent of the water treatments. The pH changes observed could be explained in terms of the organic anion concentration of the plant material. The results indicate that the initial soil pH and the anion concentration (i.e. the per cent dissociation of soluble organic acids when released into the soil) determine the acidifying effect of organic …
The Pzc Of Mercury In The Presence Of Humic Acids And Their Complexes With Aluminium, Geraldine S.P. Ritchie, Alan M. Posner, Ian M. Ritchie
The Pzc Of Mercury In The Presence Of Humic Acids And Their Complexes With Aluminium, Geraldine S.P. Ritchie, Alan M. Posner, Ian M. Ritchie
Food Science and Nutrition
Variation of the lifetime of a mercury drop with potential was used to determine the pzc of mercury in the presence of soil humic acids and their aluminium complexes. In all cases there was an overall net shift in the pzc in the cathodic direction. Variation in the extent of the shift with pH and concentration indicated greater adsorption of negatively charged species. The shift was smaller in the presence of aluminium humates, probably due to a decrease in the negative charge of the humic acid molecules after complexing. The use of electroanalytical techniques for metal speciation studies in soils …
The Determination Of Trace Levels Of Aluminum By Differential Pulse Polarography, Geraldine S. P. Ritchie, Alan M. Posner, Ian M. Ritchie
The Determination Of Trace Levels Of Aluminum By Differential Pulse Polarography, Geraldine S. P. Ritchie, Alan M. Posner, Ian M. Ritchie
Food Science and Nutrition
The direct determination of aluminium in aqueous solutions by differential pulse polarography is described. If the pH is carefully controlled to 4.00 ± 0.01, there is a linear relationship between the peak height of the polarographic wave and the aluminium concentration up to 2.5 × 10-5 mol dm-3. The coefficient of variation is about 4% at the 10-5 mol dm-3 level. With increasing aluminium concentrations, the relationship ceases to be linear, and above 9 × 10-5 mol dm-3, the peak splits, probably because of hydrolysis and polymerisation. Na+, NH4 …