Food Science Commons^™

Valorization Studies On Ice-Cream Wastewater And Whey Permeate, Maryam Enteshari

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Ever growing demand for dairy products in many countries has led to advancements in the manufacture of such products. Nowadays, revolutionary trends for high-protein dairy foods and drinks products have brought about new challenges from processing requirements and manufacturing aspects. Using different membrane processing has enabled dairy manufacturers to produce different fraction of milk proteins such as micellar caseins, ultra-filtered (UF) milk proteins, whey proteins concentrate (WPC), and micellar casein concentrate (MCC) to meet the nutritional needs with variety of milk product options. However, the installation of new processing lines and establishing further manufacturing steps requires more consumption of water …

Effects Of Particle Size Of Distillers Dried Grains And Increased Levels Of Flour Enrichment - A Study Of Nutritional Composition, Rheology, And Quality Of Fiber And Protein Enriched Bread, Patra Nwamaka Akaya

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

No abstract provided.

Understanding The Effect Of Single- And Twin-Screw Extrusion Processing Parameters On Physical And Physico-Chemical Properties Of Sprouted Quinoa And Sprouted Proso Millets, Gabriela John Swamy

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

According to Mordor Intelligence Research, the new compositional research and moisture content extrusion process are helping the growth of the plant protein market. The demand for plant proteins is growing at a fast rate, owing to change in lifestyle, lack of balanced dietary intake, and improved research and development in order to develop new kinds of plant-protein enriched products. It is necessary to identify the right plant protein sources and choose the right processing methodology to create highly digestible foods which can be consumed by infants and elderly as well. In addition, it is important to support local farmers and …

Biodegradable Biomaterials As Suitable Alternatives To Water Treatment Technologies, Most Farzana Yesmin

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Nitrates and phosphates are essential nutrients for plants growth. Their excess presence in water, however, could cause eutrophication affecting the water quality and altering the aquatic ecosystem. Algal blooms and the presence of toxins such as microcystin in freshwater bodies are hazardous to humans, animals, and wildlife. Conventional technologies such as ion exchange, distillation, reverse osmosis, and bioreactors aid immensely to remove nutrients; however, they are expensive. Furthermore, building new nitrate and phosphate treatment units, maintenance and post-disposal are costly too. In this regard, there exists an unmet need for alternative processes that are renewable and cost-effective to treat contaminated …

Enhanced Beta (Β) Glucan Beverages – Evaluation Of Satiety, Nutrition, And Shelf Stability, Beatrice Serwaa Manu

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Oats and barley are unique cereals owing to their nutritional and health benefits. Soluble dietary fiber components, especially β-glucan found in both grains, have been associated with the reduction of cholesterol, normalization of blood sugar levels and suppression of hunger. These nutritional and therapeutic attributes are ideal for production of novel and more diversified food products from these cereals. β-glucan, however, imparts high viscosity in food systems particularly in high moisture foods, thus impairing their sensory characteristics. Reduced viscosity oat-barley beverages, using partial enzyme and acid hydrolysis, may fill a void in the market segment and yet serve as effective …

Developing And Evaluating Novel Methods To Estimate Bread Baking Quality Of Winter And Spring Wheat Cultivars, Bipin Rajpurohit

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Bread loaf volume is a significant economic factor in the baking industry. Numerous flour and dough quality tests exist in estimating the functional traits of wheat. However, none of these tests accurately or fully predict bread loaf volume. The ultimate reliable method to determine the baking potential of wheat flours is a standard baking experiment which is time-consuming and effort-intensive. Therefore, there is a need to develop empirical methods to predict the baking potential of wheat flours that use small sample sizes and yet, are economical to implement in large throughput wheat breeding programs. A Vacuum Dough Expansion System (VDES) …

Validation Of A Fluorescence-Based Bacteria Enumeration And Viability Determination Method Using Image Cytometry, Matthew R. Hodgkin

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Craft beer production in the United States has been increasing significantly in recent years. As production and participation in the industry increases, so have consumer demands for more beer options. Breweries have met this call with experimentation of ingredients in their beer and also the styles they brew. One such beer, the sour beer, is an example of this experimentation and new product development. Sour beers are a style that differ from most other beers by how they are manufactured. Instead of being fermented with only yeast, both a lactic acid-producing bacteria and yeast are used. With increased competition amongst …

Microbial Diversity Of The Symbiotic Colony Of Bacteria And Yeast (Scoby) And Its Impact On The Organoleptic Properties Of Kombucha, Danielle L. St-Pierre

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Kombucha is an effervescent fermented tea beverage that is gaining popularity for its probiotic nature and purported health benefits. The market for kombucha is expected to reach $1.8 billion by the year 2020. The composition of microbes that compose the symbiotic colony of bacteria and yeast (SCOBY) is highly variable with some species commonly found from the Gluconobacter, Acetobacter, Zygosaccharomyces, Saccharomyces, and Schizosaccharomyces genera.

It was hypothesized that different SCOBYs, obtained from different sources would vary in microbial diversity and produce different biochemical and flavor profiles in the resulting beverage over several generations. Kombucha is a fermented …

Efficacy Of Alternative Sanitization Methods On Wild Blueberries And Fresh Cut Cantaloupe, Selena Callahan

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

In the last decade, outbreaks linked to the consumption of contaminated fresh produce have increased mitigation efforts to minimize the risks associated with these products. Due to the lack of a kill step during processing of ready-to-eat (RTE) foods, good manufacturing practices (GMP’s), and sanitization are the key prevention areas most commonly used to control these risks. Many factors must be considered by processors for successful intervention such as sanitizer type, method of application, duration of application, and concentration. Additionally, product considerations such as water content, pH, and bacterial harborage sites can contribute greatly to how effective an applied treatment …

Effects Of Salt Concentration On The Physicochemical Properties And Microbial Safety Of Spontaneously Fermented Cabbage, Surbhi Khanna

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Fermented foods, including sauerkraut, have gained consumer popularity due to an increased awareness of reported health benefits associated with probiotics. Sauerkraut is typically produced at 2−3% salt concentrations or higher, which helps to reduce the growth of pathogenic and spoilage microorganisms. The FDA has recently issued guidance to the food industry to voluntarily reduce sodium in products due to health concerns associated with high sodium consumption. Therefore, interest in lower salt fermented foods may increase. However, information on quality and safety of lower sodium sauerkraut is limited. Two separate studies were conducted to evaluate the physicochemical properties and quality of …

Safety Assessment Of Hydroponic Closed System, Adwoa S. Dankwa

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The hydroponic system is an increasing sector for horticultural production. It is used mostly for fruit and vegetable production. Lettuce (Lactuca sativa) is one of the most cultivated types of produce in the hydroponic system. It runs on nutrient solution and in some cases substrates. Water serves as the backbone for hydroponic production, mainly utilized for nutrient solution preparation. Substrates are sometimes added to provide support for plants root systems. Selection of substrate depends on the type of crop and the availability of the substrate. A good substrate should be able to balance the oxygen - water ratio …

Effects Of Oats And Distiller’S Dried Grains Fibers On Fortification Of Asian Noodles – Evaluation Of Glycemic Response, Noodle Quality And Nutritional Composition, Kara Konst

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The objective of this study was to develop Asian wheat noodle formulations enriched with oat flour and corn DDG at 10, 20 and 30 % wheat flour replacement levels and to evaluate the effects of this fiber and protein enrichment on the glycemic response of human subjects. We hypothesized that the addition of high-fiber oats and high-fiber, high-protein DDG will have synergistic effects in lowering the glycemic response in human subjects. In this study, steamed instant Asian noodles were prepared with DDG(D) and oats(OF) in combination with all-purpose wheat flour(W) in the following flour blends: (W:D) 90:10, (W:OF) 90:10, (W:D) …

Production And Storage Stability Of High Concentrated Micellar Casein And Its Effect On The Functional Properties Of Process Cheese Products, Ahmed Hammam

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Micellar casein is a high-protein ingredient that can be used in process cheese products (PCP) formulations. PCP is a dairy food prepared by blending dairy ingredients (such as natural cheese, protein concentrates, butter, non-fat dry milk NFDM, whey powder, and permeate) with nondairy ingredients (such as sodium chloride, water, emulsifying salts, color, and flavors) and then heating the mixture with a continuous agitation to produce a homogeneous product with an extended shelf-life. The first objective of this study was to produce a highly concentrated micellar casein (HC-MC) and evaluate its storage stability. Skim milk was pasteurized at 76°C for 16 …

Application Of Analytical Techniques In Food Product Development, Sonali R. Pandey

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Products are analyzed in major sectors of food industry to meet regulatory standards, food safety, quality control, and research and development. Analytical and extraction techniques have been applied for simultaneous investigation of multiple product characteristics. Food analysis faces critical challenges due to the complex composition of food, leading to matrix effects that result in loss of accuracy and reliability. The analytical techniques require an efficient sample preparation to avoid or minimize matrix effects. Solid-phase extraction has been widely used to address this issue. In this dissertation, the aim is to apply analytical techniques in food product development. To accomplish this, …

Influence Of Sporulation And Germination Behavior Of Bacillus Licheniformis On Microbial Quality Of Skim Milk Powder, Nancy Awasti

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This dissertation includes modeling of sporulation and germination behavior of Bacillus licheniformis strains during raw milk holding, tracking the survival of sporeformers and spores of high sporulating Bacillus strain during skim milk powder manufacturing. In addition, preliminary studies were done to standardize a rapid spore detection technique by using ratiometric fluorescence. To understand the role of strain variability during raw milk holding conditions, population dynamics of two strains of Bacillus licheniformis, ATCC 6634 and 14580, were modeled as a function of temperature (4.0 -12.0˚ C) and duration (0 - 72 h), using regression analysis. Based on initial spiking of vegetative …

Effect Of Mineral Ions On The Functional Properties Of Starch Films, Aliza Sigdel

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Essential minerals are indispensable inorganic micronutrients that modulate vital physiological functions at the molecular level. Their deficiency, though required in small amounts, impairs health significantly. Their supplementation through diet is prudent and carbohydrates standout as favorable choice. Carbohydrates, starches and polysaccharides, exhibit unique chemical structures and functionalities, and interact with mineral ions in several ways. The aim of this research is to investigate the effect of mineral ions on the physicochemical properties, tensile strength and in vitro starch digestion of starch-films. Corn starch and potato starch along with Fe2+, Mn2+, Cu2+ and Zn2+ ions have been chosen as model starch …

Hydrodynamic Cavitation As In-Line Process To Control Common Dairy Sporeformers, Pratibha Chaudhary

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Sporeforming bacteria and their endospores have the ability to survive thermal treatments and proliferate in the milk and dairy products to cause spoilages. We applied the effect of hydrodynamic cavitation in controlling these bacteria and their spores at pilot scale level. Our aim was to investigate a technology that would improve the microbial quality of milk and dairy products, and is capable of being scaled up to be adapted at industrial level. Cavitation damages the cell walls of the bacteria and their endospores (releasing dipicolinic acid, responsible for endospore resistance to extreme conditions), thereby making them susceptible to thermal treatments …

Developing Food Quality Standards For Distiller’S Dried Grains – Evaluating Composition Quality And Safety, Tanvee Deshpande

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Introduction: Distillers Grains represent a major co-product of corn ethanol production. At the production rate of 44 million tons/year and a price of $95/ton, this co-product has potential as a food ingredient (solvent-treated dried products) owing to its high protein content (38%) and high fiber content (40%TDF). The aim of the research was to determine the composition, quality and safety of several initial moisture types of distiller’s grains – distiller’s grains without solubles (DG) and distiller’s grains with solubles (DGS) in wet and freeze-dried form (FrD) from 2017 and 2018.
Method: Processing methods were optimized for raw DG & DGS …

Assessing Listeria Risk During Different Stages Of Ice Cream Manufacturing And Storage, Neha Singh

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Listeriosis is a life-threatening infection caused by foods contaminated with Listeria monocytogenes. Some of the major ice cream recalls in recent years reaffirm the ability of this food-borne pathogen to survive in diverse dairy processing environments and cause cross contamination. Inspection reports revealed certain lapses in implementing adequate hygienic practices for Listeria persistence in the processing environment, leading to cross contamination of ice cream. The higher levels of cross contamination of raw ice cream mix might result in random heat-injured cells when exposed to minimum heat treatment (69°C for 30 min). Evidence about the presence of injured cells in ice …

Broth: Enhancing Market Opportunities And Improving Sustainability Of Maine Farmed Seaweed, Zachary M. Bonelli

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Seaweed is becoming popular across the world as consumers learn about the variety of seaweed-based products and their health benefits. Sugar kelp is one of Maine’s seaweed varieties that is locally grown each year. Sugar kelp and similar species contain many useful nutrients including iodine, calcium, magnesium, iron, and vitamins A, B, C, and E. Even though the health benefits of seaweed have been proven, locally-sourced seaweed has not yet become any more popular in Maine. Part one of this study identified suitable processing steps for a sugar kelp-based broth. Part two assessed how consumers’ demographics and food neophobia, as …

Flower Visitation In Relation To Pollen And Nectar Nutrition: Implications For Pollinator Habitat And Conservation, Megan E. Leach

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Pollination of both wild and crop plants is at a crossroads; honey bee populations are experiencing losses at a higher rate than ever before, and some native bee species are declining in abundance to the point of being listed as endangered species. A few examples of these threats include pesticide exposure, habitat loss, and climate change. In response to bee population declines, conservation efforts have been initiated to increase habitat quality for bees by planting pollinator reservoirs or gardens. Plants provide nutrition to bees in the form of pollen and nectar. Several studies have shown links between higher nutritional quality …

Development Of Kefir Products Using Aronia Or Elderberries And The Impacts Of Fermentation On The Health-Promoting Characteristics Of Aronia Polyphenols, Xue Du

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Diabetes is a global health problem. The consumption of dietary polyphenols may help to decrease the risk of type 2 diabetes and slow the progression of diabetic complications. Aronia (Aronia melanocarpa) and elderberry (Sambucus nigra L. ssp. canadensis) fruits are rich in polyphenols and exhibit health-promoting properties, but they are underutilized. Aronia and elderberries are rarely consumed raw due to the astringent mouth feel. New food products are needed to increase their consumption. Kefir, a fermented dairy beverage, was chosen to be the matrix for incorporating berries due to: 1) the protein matrix can help …

The Effect Of Wild Blueberry Anthocyanins And Phenolic Acids On Innate Immunity: The Compliment System, Vasiliki Papakotsi

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Ingestion of berries containing polyphenols is associated with lower risk of inflammatory, metabolic, cardiovascular and degenerative diseases. Diet has been shown to modulate the activation of the complement system, a set of over 50 proteins present in the circulation and tissues that reacts in response to damage or microbial encounter and is critical for the maintenance of homeostasis. Imbalanced activation is tightly correlated with inflammation and various pathologies. Wild blueberries are a rich source of anthocyanins and phenolic acids, which can be found in plasma shortly after consumption. Given the involvement of both complement and polyphenols in the modulation of …

Development And Shelf Life Evaluation Of A Novel Fermented Seaweed Sauerkraut Utilizing Commercially Important Maine Seaweeds, Sarah M. Brochu

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Fermented vegetables can provide consumers with important health benefits, particularly due to the presence of probiotics. These fermented products have gained popularity with American consumers over the past decade. Therefore, a lacto-fermented seaweed sauerkraut, containing seaweed and cabbage, was developed to address this trend and to create a value-added seaweed product with extended refrigerated shelf life. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of kelp species and seaweed incorporation level on the fermentative success, microbial safety, consumer acceptability, and refrigerated shelf life of seaweed sauerkraut for 60 days post inoculation.

Six treatments with varying levels (25%, 50%, …

Extraction And Purification Of (E)-Resveratrol From The Bark Of Maine's Native Spruces, Panduka S. Piyaratne

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Resveratrol is a plant secondary metabolite which protects plants from pathogenic invasions and acts as a remedial agent against injury, stress, and tissue damage by UV radiation. With its characteristic stilbene structure, resveratrol adopts (E) and (Z) isomeric forms. However, the (E) isomer is the most biologically active and abundant form of resveratrol in nature.

(E)- Resveratrol confers a variety of benefits to human health and well-being. Besides its antioxidant activity, the role of (E)-resveratrol as an anti-inflammatory, anti-aging, cardioprotection, and anticancer agent has been a widely explored research interest. …

Development Of A Bacteriophage-Based Portable Biosensor For The Detection Of Shiga-Toxin Producing Escherichia Coli (Stec) Strains In Food And Environmental Matrices, Irwin A. Quintela

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

A fast and reliable on-site foodborne pathogens screening can reduce the incidence of foodborne illnesses, hospitalizations and economic loss. It can also circumvent conventional laboratory-based tests with minimal sample treatments and shorter turnaround time. Rapid detection of biological hazards has been largely dependent on immunological agents (ie antibodies). Antibodies are expensive to manufacture and experience cross-reactivity, instability with shorter shelf life. Our aim was to improve the screening process of Shiga-toxin producing Escherichia coli (STEC) strains in food and environmental matrices by developing a novel, inexpensive handheld bacteriophage-based amperometric biosensor that can directly detect live STEC cells.This biosensor development began …

Detrital Protein Contributes To Oyster Nutrition And Growth In The Damariscotta Estuary, Maine, Usa, Cheyenne M. Adams

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Oyster aquaculture is an expanding industry that relies on identifying and utilizing natural estuarine conditions for the economically viable production of a filter-feeding crop. The eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica, is the principal species currently cultured in Maine. In addition to preferentially consumed phytoplankton, various detrital complexes (non-algal and/or non-living organic matter) may provide some nutrition to C. virginica between times of phytoplankton abundance. Here I investigated the importance of detrital proteins in supporting the growth of oysters cultured in the upper Damariscotta Estuary. Oyster aquaculture in this area is highly successful and previous reports indicate that labile detrital protein …

Rapid And Simultaneous Determination Of Nutritional Constituents Of United States Grown Oats Using Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy (Nirs), Devendra Paudel

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Oats is a unique cereal owing to its nutritional and health benefits. Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy (NIRS) is an efficient tool for monitoring the quality of cereal foods. NIRS holds potential for non-destructive multicomponent oat analyses with advantage of large sample throughput, speed, and reduced cost. The purpose of this study was to develop predictive calibration models for estimating beta-glucan, protein, and oil content of US oat cultivars using NIRS and validated AACCI reference methods. A rapid, non-destructive (whole oat groat), and secondary NIRS method was developed to estimate beta-glucan, protein, and oil content based on the standard reference analyses …

Strategies To Improve Calf Performance: Improving Water Quality, Feeding Microbially-Enhanced Soy Protein, And Supplementing Condensed Whey Solubles, Nirosh Dias Senevirathne

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Six experiments were conducted for this dissertation research to evaluate strategies to improve growth performance and health of calves. Growth performance, nutrient utilization, and health effects were evaluated when calves were offered water treated with reverse osmosis system (RW), fed starter pellets supplemented with microbially-enhanced soy protein (MSP) or supplemented condensed whey solubles (CWS). The first two experiments were conducted to determine drinking preference, growth performance, and health of dairy calves offered RW or by a municipal water treatment plant (MW), compared with local untreated well water (WW). First a sequential elimination study was conducted to observed drinking preference of …

Characterization Of Anthocyanins In Aronia, Theodore Mohr

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Anthocyanins function as antioxidants and offer numerous other health benefits, such as anti-atherogenic and anti-inflammation protection, and may aid in the prevention of degenerative diseases. Aronia berries, uniquely high in anthocyanins, have a great potential in improving human wellness. The objectives of this study were: (1) to develop a rapid and reproducible analytical method for estimating the anthocyanin amount in Aronia berries; and (2) to determine the effect of growing conditions on anthocyanin concentration. A standard curve method was established based on anthocyanin absorbance in the visible range. The results reveal that the developed protocol could yield rapid and reproducible …