Food Science Commons^™

Summer-Long Grazing Of High Vs. Low Endophyte (Neotyphodium Coenophialum)-Infected Tall Fescue By Growing Beef Steers Results In Distinct Temporal Blood Analyte Response Patterns, With Poor Correlation To Serum Prolactin Levels, Joshua J. Jackson, Merlin D. Lindemann, James A. Boling, James C. Matthews

Animal and Food Sciences Faculty Publications

Previously, we reported the effects of fescue toxicosis on developing Angus-cross steer growth, carcass, hepatic mRNA, and protein expression profiles of selected serum proteins, and blood clinical and chemical profiles, after summer-long grazing (85 days) of high endophyte (HE)- vs. low endophyte (LE)-infected fescue pastures. We now report the temporal development of acute, intermediate, and chronic responses of biochemical and clinical blood analytes determined at specified time intervals (period 1, day 0–36; period 2, day 37–58; and period 3, day 59–85). Throughout the trial, the alkaloid concentrations of the HE forage was consistently 19–25 times greater (P ≤ 0.002) …

Interaction Of Isoflavones And Endophyte-Infected Tall Fescue Seed Extract On Vasoactivity Of Bovine Mesenteric Vasculature, Yang Jia, David L. Harmon, Michael D. Flythe, James L. Klotz

Animal and Food Sciences Faculty Publications

It was hypothesized that isoflavones may attenuate ergot alkaloid-induced vasoconstriction and possibly alleviate diminished contractility of vasculature after exposure to ergot alkaloids. The objective of this study was to determine if prior incubation of bovine mesenteric vasculature with the isoflavones formononetin (F), biochanin A (B), or an ergovaline-containing tall fescue seed extract (EXT) and their combinations affect ergotamine (ERT)-induced contractility. Multiple segments of mesenteric artery and vein supporting the ileal flange of the small intestine were collected from Angus heifers at slaughter (n = 5, bodyweight = 639 ± 39 kg). Duplicates of each vessel …

The Niehs Superfund Research Program: 25 Years Of Translational Research For Public Health, Philip J Landrigan, Robert O. Wright, Jose F. Cordero, David L. Eaton, Bernard D. Goldstein, Bernhard Hennig, Raina M. Maier, David M. Ozonoff, Martyn T. Smith, Robert H. Tukey

Animal and Food Sciences Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: The Superfund Research Program (SRP) is an academically based, multidisciplinary, translational research program that for 25 years has sought scientific solutions to health and environmental problems associated with hazardous waste sites. SRP is coordinated by the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS). It supports multi-project grants, undergraduate and postdoctoral training programs, individual research grants, and Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) and Technology Transfer Research (STTR) grants.

RESULTS: SRP has had many successes: discovery of arsenic's toxicity to the developing human central nervous system; documentation of benzene toxicity to hematologic progenitor cells in human bone marrow; development …

Differential Expression Of Mrna Encoding Cytokines And Chemokines In The Reproductive Tract After Infection Of Mice With Chlamydia Trachomatis, Katheryn L. Cerny, Maranda Van Fleet, Anatoly Slepenkin, Ellena M. Peterson, Phillip J. Bridges

Animal and Food Sciences Faculty Publications

Infection with Chlamydia trachomatis targets epithelial cells within the genital tract which respond by secreting chemokines and cytokines. Persistent inflammation can lead to fibrosis, tubal infertility and/or ectopic pregnancy; many infections are asymptomatic. Most studies have investigated the inflammatory response in the initial stages of infection, less is known about the later stages of infection, especially with a low, potentially asymptomatic, bacterial load. Our objective was to determine the inflammatory mediators involved in clearance of low-grade infection and the potential involvement in chronic inflammation. Six to eight week old C3H/HeJ mice were pretreated with 2.5 mg medroxyprogesterone acetate on day …

A Transcriptomal Analysis Of Bovine Oviductal Epithelial Cells Collected During The Follicular Phase Versus The Luteal Phase Of The Estrous Cycle, K. L. Cerny, E. Garrett, A. J. Walton, L. H. Anderson, P. J. Bridges

Animal and Food Sciences Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: Reproductive success depends on a functional oviduct for gamete storage, maturation, fertilization, and early embryonic development. The ovarian-derived steroids estrogen and progesterone are key regulators of oviductal function. The objective of this study was to investigate luteal and follicular phase-specific oviductal epithelial cell function by using microarray-based transcriptional profiling, to increase our understanding of mRNAs regulating epithelial cell processes, and to identify novel genes and biochemical pathways that may be found to affect fertility in the future.

METHODS: Six normally cycling Angus heifers were assigned to either luteal phase (LP, n = 3) or follicular phase (FP, …

Public Health Metrics: Key Considerations And Criteria For Food Safety Modernization, Glen P. Mays

Health Management and Policy Presentations

Robust measures of public health impact are needed to guide implementation of the U.S. Food Safety Modernization Act. This session describes strategies used in the field of public health services research to specify and select measures based on considerations of relevance, tractability, attribution, precision, and feasibility.

Student Perceptions Of Organic Food In Relation To Health, Environment And Pricing, Stacey Paterson

Theses and Dissertations--Nutrition and Food Systems

The organic industry is full of opinions and perceptions, which influence consumer purchasing decisions. A convenience sample of 69 college students between the ages of 19-23 registered in a basic food preparation class participated in this study. A sensory analysis of organic and conventional fruits, vegetables, meat and poultry, eggs and dairy measuring categorical taste differences between the two types of food. Student perceptions of organic foods in relation to health, environment and pricing and the likelihood of purchase were also studied. The influence of Diet and Well-being on organic purchases predominantly mattered somewhat to students, while price mattered completely. …

Impact Of Algae Supplemented Diets Combined With Antioxidants On The Nutritional Profile, Quality Attributes, And Storage Stability Of Chicken Breast Meat, Rebecca G. Norcross

Theses and Dissertations--Animal and Food Sciences

Consumers’ demands for ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are at all-time high. Algae, a common source of PUFAs, and antioxidants are both used as supplements in livestock feeds, are known to affect the overall quality of meat. To implement PUFA deposits into broiler meat, this study evaluated combining antioxidants and algae in broiler feed to enhance the breast meat quality. Broilers were fed diets supplemented with 50 IU Vitamin E or 200 g/ton EconomasE (EcoE, an antioxidant pack) plus 10 IU Vitamin E, with or without 0.5% algae extract (SP-1). The feed oil was partially oxidized soybean oil (POV: 86 …

Antimicrobial Efficacy Of Natural Bioactive Compounds And High Pressure Processing Against Potential Pathogens In Infant Foods, Hayriye Cetin-Karaca

Theses and Dissertations--Animal and Food Sciences

This study investigated the antimicrobial efficacy of bioactive plant compounds along with high pressure processing (HPP) against pathogens Bacillus cereus and Cronobacter sakazakii in infant formula and infant rice cereal. The influence of these applications on antimicrobial activity, shelf-life and sensory attributes of infant foods were examined.

Trans-cinnamaldehyde (TC), (-)-Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and [10]-Gingerol (GI) were incorporated (0.05%) in infant rice cereal reconstituted with infant formula. The cereal was inoculated with either B. cereus (ATCC 14579) or B. cereus spores (10⁷-10⁸ log CFU g^-1). All the samples were stored at 7, 23 or 37°C for …