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Articles 331 - 360 of 611
Full-Text Articles in Food Science
Assessment Of Salmonella Enterica Biofilms And Expression Differences Among Serovars, Zhaohao Shi
Assessment Of Salmonella Enterica Biofilms And Expression Differences Among Serovars, Zhaohao Shi
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Biofilms are communities of microorganisms associated by a matrix of extracellular polymers. In this state, microorganisms occupy an ecological niche distinct from their free-floating, planktonic counterparts. Also, biofilm bacteria become biologically unique as they form communities and lose motility. The acquisition of these physiological attributes enables the biofilm to persist through harsh environmental conditions, including antimicrobial induced stress and to resist sanitization efforts. Because of these features, biofilms can rapidly disseminate across numerous surfaces and as they establish, become challenging to remove. This is a particular issue for the food industry as processing plants offer favorable conditions for biofilm formation …
Efficacy Of Natural Compounds With Novel Carrier Systems For Controlling Campylobacter Jejuni In Post-Harvest Poultry, Sandip Shrestha
Efficacy Of Natural Compounds With Novel Carrier Systems For Controlling Campylobacter Jejuni In Post-Harvest Poultry, Sandip Shrestha
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Campylobacter jejuni, a leading cause of bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide, is strongly associated with the consumption and/or mishandling of raw contaminated poultry products. Thus, interventions aiming to reduce C. jejuni counts on poultry products could greatly reduce the incidence of human campylobacteriosis. In the first study, the efficacy of a generally recongnized as safe (GRAS) compound, carvacrol (CR; derived from oregano oil), as an antimicrobial wash treatment to reduce C. jejuni on chicken skin was evaluated. Three delivery systems of CR: suspension, emulsion and nanoemulsion were used. C. jejuni counts were reduced up to 4 log10 cfu/sample by 2% dose of …
Aqueous Ozone Inactivation Of Viruses And Bacteria On Biotic And Abiotic Surfaces, Cailin Dawley
Aqueous Ozone Inactivation Of Viruses And Bacteria On Biotic And Abiotic Surfaces, Cailin Dawley
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Produce is susceptible to contamination by foodborne pathogens. Food service establishments utilize sanitizing agents to reduce microbes on produce surfaces. The research objectives were to evaluate the efficacy of aqueous ozone 1) on the inactivation of viruses and bacteria on produce; 2) on the inactivation of viruses on stainless steel; and 3) against viruses in association with bacteria on produce surfaces. For objective 1, Boston bibb lettuce and cherry tomatoes were spot inoculated with a cocktail of viruses (murine norovirus (MNV) and MS2 bacteriophage) or bacteria (Enterobacter cloacae and Bacillus cereus) and washed for 40 min with samples taken every …
Efficacy Of Antimicrobial Mitigation On Escherichia Coli Cfu And Growth And Development Of Hydroponic Leafy Greens, Nathan J. Eylands
Efficacy Of Antimicrobial Mitigation On Escherichia Coli Cfu And Growth And Development Of Hydroponic Leafy Greens, Nathan J. Eylands
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) have set new standards that apply to agriculturalists producing crops eaten fresh and/or raw by consumers. This new produce safety rule, known as the Food Safety Modernization Act (FSMA), has established science-based standards for all areas of production in agriculture with regards to microbial contamination. Escherichia coli (E. coli) O157:H7 is a particular bacterium of concern under FSMA guidelines. Grower compliance is mandatory and therefore vital to the continuation of any farm. Greenhouse hydroponic growers have shown advantages in efficiency when compared to conventional farming methodology. Those, however, with recirculating hydroponic systems face unique …
Development Of A Methodology For Predicting Consumer Acceptance And Preference Toward Beverages, Shilpa Shailesh Samant
Development Of A Methodology For Predicting Consumer Acceptance And Preference Toward Beverages, Shilpa Shailesh Samant
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Consumer behavior toward food/beverages is influenced by multisensory attribute perceptions as well as emotional experiences. Traditional methods of sensory testing lack the ability to capture emotional responses and as a result, measuring food/beverage-evoked emotions remains a research challenge. There were three objectives of this dissertation study. Firstly, this study aimed to develop prediction models of acceptance of and preference for basic taste solutions using sensory attribute intensities and emotional responses. Secondly, this study aimed to extend the findings of the first objective to develop prediction models of commercially-available vegetable juice products in terms of (a) acceptance and preference under blind-tasting …
Microbiota Metabolic Product Deoxycholic Acid Prevents Campylobacter Jejuni Chicken Colonization Through Modulating Ceca Anaerobes, Bilal Ali Alrubaye
Microbiota Metabolic Product Deoxycholic Acid Prevents Campylobacter Jejuni Chicken Colonization Through Modulating Ceca Anaerobes, Bilal Ali Alrubaye
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Campylobacter jejuni is a prevalent infectious enteritis mainly foodborne from chickens. Despite of reducing C. jejuni food contamination dramatically decreases campylobacteriosis, few effective approaches are available for the bacterial reduction in chickens. The aim of this study was to use microbial metabolic product deoxycholic acid (DCA) to reduce C. jejuni chicken colonization. Broiler chicks were fed 0 or 1.5 g/kg DCA, lithocholic acid (LCA), or urodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) in diets or orally gavaged with cholic acid (CA, 1.5g/kg body weight). Birds were also transplanted with DCA modulated anaerobes (DCA-Anearo) or aerobes (DCA-Aero). Birds were infected with 109 CFU/bird human clinical …
Anti-Inflammatory Activity Of Phenolic And Volatile Compounds In Cranberries (Vaccinium Macrocarpon L), Katherine Moore
Anti-Inflammatory Activity Of Phenolic And Volatile Compounds In Cranberries (Vaccinium Macrocarpon L), Katherine Moore
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
The primary objective of this study was to compare the anti-inflammatory effects of phenolic and volatile compounds extracted from cranberries. The Griess Reagent System assay was used to measure the in vitro anti-inflammatory capabilities of cranberry phenolic and volatile extracts on RAW 264.7 mouse macrophage cells. This study tested the anti-inflammatory capabilities of the cranberry phenolic and volatile extracts before, as a preventative treatment, and after, as a means of treating pre-existing inflammation, inducing inflammation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). All experiments were conducted in the following manner, varying only in whether treated with the extracts before or after LPS: 1 x …
Anti-Inflammatory Effect Of Berry Essences, Inah Gu
Anti-Inflammatory Effect Of Berry Essences, Inah Gu
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Inflammation is one of defense reactions of our body tissues against harmful stimuli such as infection and tissue injury. However, it has been reported that chronic inflammation can lead to chronic inflammatory diseases including diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and cancer. This transition from acute to chronic inflammation state is usually induced by pro-inflammatory mediators and cytokines including nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), which accelerate the development of other chronic diseases. Accordingly, targeting these pro-inflammatory factors is one of the important roles for anti-inflammatory agents. For last two decades, researches about anti-inflammatory …
Effect Of Grain Sorghum Polyphenols On Fecal Fermentation, Danielle Marie Ashley
Effect Of Grain Sorghum Polyphenols On Fecal Fermentation, Danielle Marie Ashley
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Obesity is an increasing epidemic which during 2015-2016 afflicted 39.8% of adults and 18.5% of youth in the United States. Not only can obesity affect quality of life, but it can lead to life-threatening diseases such as type 2 diabetes, heart disease, stroke, and some cancers. Animal and human research have demonstrated a pattern of gut microbiota perturbation in overweight and obesity, characterized by a reduction of beneficial bacterial species and increase in harmful species. Diet has been established as a contributing factor in gut ecology, and foods including fiber, resistant starch, and polyphenols have been found to both enhance …
Effects Of Serving Temperature On Sensory Perception And Acceptance Of Brewed Coffee, Matthew James Chapko
Effects Of Serving Temperature On Sensory Perception And Acceptance Of Brewed Coffee, Matthew James Chapko
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Coffee continues to be one of the most widely consumed beverages worldwide. How an individual perceives a cup of coffee is impacted by a plethora of factors including origin, growing climate, roasting level, and consumption habits. This thesis utilized both trained descriptive panelists and untrained consumer panelists to analyze how serving/consumption temperature modulates sensory perception of brewed coffee in regards to appearance, aroma, flavor, taste, and mouthfeel. Three varieties of coffee (Colombia, Ethiopia, and Kenya) were brewed and served to panelists at four temperatures: 70, 55, 40, and 25 °C. In one study (Study 1, Chapter 3), results from descriptive …
Influences Of Intrinsic And Extrinsic Hand-Feel Touch Cues On Sensory Perception And Emotional Responses Toward Beverage Products, Ragita Cantika Pramudya
Influences Of Intrinsic And Extrinsic Hand-Feel Touch Cues On Sensory Perception And Emotional Responses Toward Beverage Products, Ragita Cantika Pramudya
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Consumer perception of and preference toward products are influenced by intrinsic product-specific (e.g., product temperature) and extrinsic non-product-specific (e.g., packaging or container) characteristics. Besides communicating information between products and consumers to create expectations toward the content at the point of sale, packaging also influences sensory perception of the content during consumption. Previous cross-modal studies on packaging effects on the content had largely overlooked hand-feel touch cues. Touch closely relates to consumers’ emotional responses to and their quality evaluation of products. One way to manipulate hand-feel touch cues in a beverage consumption setting is to vary materials of cup sleeve, which …
Methane Emissions From Rice Production On A Silt-Loam Soil In Arkansas, Joshua Jeffry Humphreys
Methane Emissions From Rice Production On A Silt-Loam Soil In Arkansas, Joshua Jeffry Humphreys
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Methane (CH4) emissions from rice (Oryza sativa L.) production are a source of concern in the environmental and agricultural communities. New and/or revised agronomic methodologies will be needed to identify production practice combinations that reduce CH4 emissions without decreasing yields. The objective of this multi-year study was to evaluate the effects of water management (i.e., full-season flood and mid-season drain) (2015), cultivar (i.e., pure-line cultivar ‘LaKast’ and the RiceTec hybrid “XP753”) (2015), soil organic matter (SOM) concentration (2016), and tillage [conventional tillage (CT) and no-tillage (NT)] and urea-based fertilizers [N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT)-coated urea and non-coated urea] (2017) on CH4 …
Investigating The Potential Of Plant-Derived Antimicrobials For Controlling Campylobacter Jejuni In Poultry And Poultry Products, Basanta Raj Wagle
Investigating The Potential Of Plant-Derived Antimicrobials For Controlling Campylobacter Jejuni In Poultry And Poultry Products, Basanta Raj Wagle
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Campylobacter jejuni infection in humans is strongly associated with the handling and consumption of contaminated poultry products. Interventions reducing C. jejuni contamination in poultry would reduce the risk of subsequent human infections. In the first study, the efficacy of a Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS) compound, eugenol (EG; derived from cloves), as an antimicrobial dip treatment to reduce C. jejuni in postharvest poultry was evaluated. The antimicrobial efficacy of EG was studied in suspension, emulsion and nanoemulsion delivery systems. EG suspension reduced C. jejuni counts with the greatest reduction of >2.0 Log CFU/sample for the 2% dose of EG (P
A Retrospective Assessment Of Us Pork Productions: 1960 To 2015, Ben Putman, Jacob Hickman, Prathamesh Bandekar, Marty Matlock, Greg Thoma
A Retrospective Assessment Of Us Pork Productions: 1960 To 2015, Ben Putman, Jacob Hickman, Prathamesh Bandekar, Marty Matlock, Greg Thoma
Food Systems
The primary goal of this study is to assess the carbon, energy, water and land footprints per kg (2.2 pounds) of live weight (LW) pork produced at five-year increments between 1960 and 2015. This assessment utilizes the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology, which is a technique to assess the potential environmental impacts associated with a product system by compiling an inventory of relevant energy and material flows, evaluating the associated burdens, and interpreting the results to assist in making more informed decisions and to provide an understanding of the drivers of change over the past 55 years. This LCA is …
Effects Of Mitochondrial Nadp+-Dependent Isocitrate Dehydrogenase Deficiency On Fructose-Induced Obesity In Mice, Allison Michelle Montalbano, Kaleigh Elizabeth Beane
Effects Of Mitochondrial Nadp+-Dependent Isocitrate Dehydrogenase Deficiency On Fructose-Induced Obesity In Mice, Allison Michelle Montalbano, Kaleigh Elizabeth Beane
Human Nutrition and Hospitality Management Undergraduate Honors Theses
Obesity prevalence in the United States continues to increase and is associated with health consequences such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension, atherosclerosis, and hyperlipidemia. Among many contributing factors to obesity, fructose may be one of the major reasons as it disrupts the antioxidant system thereby resulting in an accumulation of reactive oxidative species and leading to obese conditions. The enzyme, isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 (IDH2), reduces nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate from the TCA Cycle, hence might be implicated with not only energy metabolism but also cellular redox homeostasis. Therefore, the hypothesis was that IDH2 deficiency in mice would exacerbate hepatic lipid …
Nutraceutrical Snack Prepared From Sprouted Rough Rice And Green Gram And Its Physichocemical Properties, In Vitro Glycemic Index, And Sensory Attributes, Rachel Browder
Food Science Undergraduate Honors Theses
Snacks make up a large portion of the U.S. daily meals, but unhealthy snacks may be causing consumers to become overweight or obese. A healthy alternatives are germinated cereals and legumes, which undergo chemical compositional changes producing smaller size molecules for easier digestion and generate bioactives. Therefore, the objective of this research was to develop a healthy and nutritional snack chip from germinated, Arkansas produced rough rice and germinated green gram that will be easier for the body to digest, provide much higher protein than conventional chips or crackers with low on the glycemic index, and still meet consumer demands …
The Effect Of Breakfast On Energy Metabolism, Appetite, And Food Intake In Young Versus Older Men, Allie Murphy
The Effect Of Breakfast On Energy Metabolism, Appetite, And Food Intake In Young Versus Older Men, Allie Murphy
Human Nutrition and Hospitality Management Undergraduate Honors Theses
As life expectancy continues to rise, it is important to consider optimal nutrition recommendations to improve health outcomes, quality of life, and physical independence in older adults. Previous studies have focused on the impact of breakfast on postprandial appetite in younger adults. Research on the effects of breakfast on appetite in older adults is limited. Several studies have identified protein as a key nutrient for older adults. Protein has been shown to increase satiety for longer periods of time and decrease cravings later in the day when compared to high carbohydrate meals. However, more research is needed to determine the …
Antiproliferative Activity Of Carotenoids, Phenolic Compounds, And Volatile Terpenoids In Carrots (Daucus Carota L.), Brittany Frederick
Antiproliferative Activity Of Carotenoids, Phenolic Compounds, And Volatile Terpenoids In Carrots (Daucus Carota L.), Brittany Frederick
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Epidemiological studies have shown an association between high carrot consumption and low prevalence of cancer. This observation has been thought to be attributed to carrot carotenoids. Despite this, various intervention trials have displayed no changes in incidence or increased incidence of cancer with carotenoid supplementation. It is possible that carrot phenolics are responsible for this association, though this has not been widely accepted. Volatile terpenoids from carrots have not been studied in this regard. Therefore, the primary objective of this study was to compare the antiproliferative effects of carotenoids, phenolics, and volatile terpenoids extracted from carrots on Caco-2 colon cancer …
Evaluation Of Fresh-Market Potential Of Arkansas-Grown Fruit: Blackberries, Peaches, Table Grapes, And Muscadine Grapes, Molly Felts
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Fresh-market produce is a major component of commercial market sales. However, shelf-life of fresh-market produce is limited, so evaluating postharvest potential (time from harvest to consumption) is critical. Fresh-market fruit can be impacted by many factors that deteriorate the quality of the fruit. Understanding the postharvest physiology of fruit can lead to better handling and storage conditions for extended shelf life and enhanced quality for the consumer. This research project was a collaborative effort within the University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture between the Food Science and Horticulture Departments to evaluate the fresh-market potential of Arkansas-grown fruit. Physiochemical and …
An Evaluation Of Breeding, Agronomic, And Processing Methodologies Of Vegetable Soybean (Edamame) To Increase Domestic Production In The United States Market, David Octor Moseley
An Evaluation Of Breeding, Agronomic, And Processing Methodologies Of Vegetable Soybean (Edamame) To Increase Domestic Production In The United States Market, David Octor Moseley
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Edamame is a food-grade soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) that is either harvested immature (R6 stage) or after plant maturity (R8 stage). At R6, the premium product will have crescent- shaped large green pods and gray pubescence. At R8, the seed will either have stayed green or will have turned yellow, black, or brown. Edamame is a healthy snack with a sweet flavor and firm texture. The edamame market is growing in the United States, creating a need for more adapted varieties. The genetic diversity is low among adapted large-seeded breeding lines. Finding diverse accessions will help develop larger and …
New For Discovery: Scholarworks@Uark, Discovery Editors
New For Discovery: Scholarworks@Uark, Discovery Editors
Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences
No abstract provided.
Discovery: The Student Journal Of Dale Bumpers College Of Agricultural, Food And Life Sciences - Volume 19 2018, Several Authors
Discovery: The Student Journal Of Dale Bumpers College Of Agricultural, Food And Life Sciences - Volume 19 2018, Several Authors
Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences
No abstract provided.
A Message From The Department Head Of Horticulture And Food Science, Wayne Mackey
A Message From The Department Head Of Horticulture And Food Science, Wayne Mackey
Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences
No abstract provided.
Contents, Discovery Editors
Contents, Discovery Editors
Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences
No abstract provided.
Nutraceutical Snack Prepared From Sprouted Rough Rice And Green Gram And Its Physicochemical Properties And In Vitro Glycemic Index, Rachel Browder, Navam Hettiarachchy, Ronny Horax
Nutraceutical Snack Prepared From Sprouted Rough Rice And Green Gram And Its Physicochemical Properties And In Vitro Glycemic Index, Rachel Browder, Navam Hettiarachchy, Ronny Horax
Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences
Snacks make up a large portion of the U.S. daily meals, but unhealthy snacks are a concern that can lead to being overweight or obese. Healthy alternatives can be germinated cereals and legumes, which undergo chemical compositional changes producing smaller size molecules for easier digestion and generate bioactives that can have health benefits. The objective of this research was to develop a healthy and nutritional snack chip from germinated rough rice and germinated green gram that will be easier for the body to digest, provide much higher protein than conventional chips or crackers with low glycemic index. Rough rice and …
Letter From The Dean, Deacue Fields
Letter From The Dean, Deacue Fields
Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences
No abstract provided.
Ripeness Attributes Of Arkansas-Grown Peaches And Nectarines At Harvest And During Postharvest Storage, Mary C. Siebenmorgen, Renee T. Threlfall, Margaret Worthington
Ripeness Attributes Of Arkansas-Grown Peaches And Nectarines At Harvest And During Postharvest Storage, Mary C. Siebenmorgen, Renee T. Threlfall, Margaret Worthington
Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences
Since peaches and nectarines are a valued fresh-market crop worldwide, evaluating postharvest potential helps determine feasibility for commercial markets. The ripeness attributes of 10 peach and nectarine genotypes were evaluated at harvest (day 0) and after 7 and 14 d storage at 4° C. The fruit was hand harvested at tree ripeness (ripened on the tree) and commercial ripeness (ripened during storage). The attributes of the tree-ripened fruit and commercially-ripened fruit varied at harvest and included chlorophyll (0.04-0.86 abs), peach weight (132-264 g), soluble solids (7.23-12.57%), pH (3.18-4.66), titratable acidity (0.16-1.21%), and flesh firmness (6.92-35.72 N). In general, tree-ripened fruit …
Evaluating Consumer Sensory And Composition Attributes Of Arkansas-Grown Fresh-Market Blackberries, Aubrey N. Dunteman, Renee T. Threlfall, John R. Clark, Margaret L. Worthington
Evaluating Consumer Sensory And Composition Attributes Of Arkansas-Grown Fresh-Market Blackberries, Aubrey N. Dunteman, Renee T. Threlfall, John R. Clark, Margaret L. Worthington
Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences
Blackberries are grown worldwide for commercial fresh markets. Three Arkansas-grown fresh-market blackberry genotypes (‘Natchez’, ‘Ouachita’, and A-2418) were evaluated for consumer sensory and compositional attributes at the University of Arkansas Food Science Department, Fayetteville. The compositional attributes of the blackberries were within an acceptable range for commercial markets (soluble solids=8.20-11.90%, pH=2.79-3.18, titratable acidity=1.09-1.32%). In terms of soluble solids to titratable acidity ratio, ‘Ouachita’ (10.92) had the highest ratio, followed by ‘Natchez’ (8.93) and A-2418 (6.25). A consumer sensory panel (n=80) evaluated fresh-market blackberry attributes using a 9-point hedonic scale for overall impression, overall flavor, sweetness, and sourness and a 5-point …
Characterization Of Short-Grain Rice Cultivars Grown In Japan, California And Arkansas, Michiyo Nishiwaki, Eric Lii, Andy Mauromoustakos, Ya-Jane Wang
Characterization Of Short-Grain Rice Cultivars Grown In Japan, California And Arkansas, Michiyo Nishiwaki, Eric Lii, Andy Mauromoustakos, Ya-Jane Wang
Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences
Arkansas and California are the two leading rice-producing states in the U.S. Arkansas predominantly long- and medium-grain rice and California primarily medium- and short-grain rice. Although short-grain rice accounts for less than 2 % of U.S. rice production, the demand for short-grain rice is rising because of increasing popularity of sushi and sake. Because of its premium price and different applications, short-grain rice may open up new opportunities for rice farmers in Arkansas. The objective of this study was to characterize the physical, physicochemical and texture properties of rice cultivars grown in Arkansas versus in Japan and California. Three short-grain …
Effects Of Pre-Chiller Temperature On The Microbial Ecology Of Whole Bird Carcass Rinses, Rachael Elizabeth Blevins
Effects Of Pre-Chiller Temperature On The Microbial Ecology Of Whole Bird Carcass Rinses, Rachael Elizabeth Blevins
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Upon entering a poultry processing facility, birds are already contaminated with a variety of microorganisms. It is the responsibility of the processor to reduce these numbers to deliver a wholesome product to customers. This is not an easy task as there are ample opportunities for further microbial contamination. Some of these opportunities are obvious. For example, any areas where contaminants could be washed off one bird and onto another are always an area for concern, i.e. the scalder or the chiller. There are numerous opportunities for contamination that are not so obvious. These incidents of contamination are not necessarily due …