Food Science Commons^™

Synergism Of Mild Heat And High-Pressure Pasteurization Against Listeria Monocytogenes And Natural Microflora In Phosphate-Buffered Saline And Raw Milk, Abimbola Allison, Shahid Chowdhury, Aliyar Fouladkhah

Agricultural and Environmental Sciences Faculty Research

As many as 99% of illnesses caused by Listeria monocytogenes are foodborne in nature, leading to 94% hospitalizations, and are responsible for the collective annual deaths of 266 American adults. The current study is a summary of microbiological hurdle validation studies to investigate synergism of mild heat (up to 55 °C) and elevated hydrostatic pressure (up to 380 MPa) for decontamination of Listeria monocytogenes and natural background microflora in raw milk and phosphate-buffered saline. At 380 MPa, for treatments of 0 to 12 min, d-values of 3.47, 3.15, and 2.94 were observed for inactivation of the pathogen at 4, 25, …

Dietary Epicatechin Improves Survival And Delays Skeletal Muscle Degeneration In Aged Mice, Hongwei Si, Xiaoyong Wang, Longyun Zhang, Laurence D. Parnell, Bulbul Ahmed, Tanya Leroith, Twum-Ampofo Ansah, Lijuan Zhang, Jianwei Li, José M. Ordovás, Hongzong Si, Dongmin Liu, Chao-Qiang Lai

Human Sciences Faculty Research

We recently reported that epicatechin, a bioactive compound that occurs naturally in various common foods, promoted general health and survival of obese diabetic mice. It remains to be determined whether epicatechin extends health span and delays the process of aging. In the present study, epicatechin or its analogue epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) (0.25% w/v in drinking water) was administered to 20-mo-old male C57BL mice fed a standard chow. The goal was to determine the antiaging effect. The results showed that supplementation with epicatechin for 37 wk strikingly increased the survival rate from 39 to 69%, whereas EGCG had no significant effect. …

Recipes For Determining Doneness In Poultry Do Not Provide Appropriate Information Based On Us Government Guidelines, Edgar Chambers Iv, Sandria Godwin, Taylor Terry

Human Sciences Faculty Research

Research has shown that consumers use unsafe food handling practices when preparing poultry, which can increase the risk of foodborne illness such as salmonellosis or campylobacteriosis. Recipes from cookbooks, magazines, and the internet commonly are used as sources for consumers to prepare food in homes and the expectation is that food will be safe when prepared. According to the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), using a thermometer properly is the only way to accurately check for doneness of poultry. The objective of this study was to assess poultry recipes, including recipes for whole birds and poultry parts, to determine …

Impact Of Uv-C Irradiation On The Quality, Safety, And Cytotoxicity Of Cranberry-Flavored Water Using A Novel Continuous Flow Uv System, Vybhav Vipul Sudhir Gopisetty, Ankit Patras, Agnes Kilonzo-Nthenge, Sudheer K. Yannam, Rishipal R. Bansode, Michael Sasges, S. Mallory Burns, Matthew J. Vergne, Che Pan, Hang Xiao

Agricultural and Environmental Sciences Faculty Research

The influence of short wavelength UV-C irradiation at 254 nm on microbial inactivation, anthocyanins stability, ascorbic acid, and cytotoxicity of formulated cranberry flavored water was studied. Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium ATCC 13311 were inactivated by more than 5 log10 at UV-C fluence of 21 mJ cm−2. At UV-C fluence of 40 mJ cm−2 the content of ascorbic acid was 82% of that in the untreated beverage. The concentrations of the anthocyanins (Cy3Ar, Cy3Ga, Pe3Ar, and Pe3Ga) were not significantly affected at the same treatment level. Cytotoxicity evaluation of the irradiated beverage on normal colon (CCD-18Co), …

Effects Of Elevated Hydrostatic Pressure Against Mesophilic Background Microflora And Habituated Salmonella Serovars In Orange Juice, Abimbola Allison, Edward Daniels, Shahid Chowdhury, Aliyar Fouladkhah

Agricultural and Environmental Sciences Faculty Research

With recent improvements in the commercial feasibility of high pressure pasteurization units, the technology is gaining rapid acceptability across various sectors of food manufacturing, thus requiring extensive validation studies for effective adoption. Various times (1 min to 10 min) and intensity levels (0 MPa to 380 MPa) of elevated hydrostatic pressure were investigated for decontamination of mesophilic background microflora and inoculated Salmonella in orange juice. Results were analyzed by GLM procedure of SAS using Tukey- and Dunnett-adjusted ANOVA, additionally the Kmax and D-values were calculated using best-fitted (maximum R2) model obtained by GInaFit software. At 380 MPa, for treatments of …

Adoptable Interventions, Human Health, And Food Safety Considerations For Reducing Sodium Content Of Processed Food Products, Abimbola Allison, Aliyar Fouladkhah

Agricultural and Environmental Sciences Faculty Research

Although vital for maintaining health when consumed in moderation, various epidemiological studies in recent years have shown a strong association between excess dietary sodium with an array of health complications. These associations are robust and clinically significant for development of hypertension and prehypertension, two of the leading causes of preventable mortality worldwide, in adults with a high-sodium diet. Data from developed nations and transition economies show worldwide sodium intake of higher than recommended amounts in various nations. While natural foods typically contain a moderate amount of sodium, manufactured food products are the main contributor to dietary sodium intake, up to …

Microbial Inactivation And Cytotoxicity Evaluation Of Uv Irradiated Coconut Water In A Novel Continuous Flow Spiral Reactor, Manreet Singh Bhullar, Ankit Patras, Agnes Kilonzo-Nthenge, Bharat Pokharel, Sudheer K. Yannam, Kanyasiri Rakariyatham, Che Pan, Hang Xiao, Michael Sasges

Agricultural and Environmental Sciences Faculty Research

A continuous-flow UV reactor operating at 254 nm wave-length was used to investigate inactivation of microorganisms including bacteriophage in coconut water, a highly opaque liquid food. UV-C inactivation kinetics of two surrogate viruses (MS2, T1UV) and three bacteria (E. coli ATCC 25922, Salmonella Typhimurium ATCC 13311, Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 19115) in buffer and coconut water were investigated (D₁₀ values ranging from 2.82 to 4.54 mJ·cm^{− 2}). A series of known UV-C doses were delivered to the samples. Inactivation levels of all organisms were linearly proportional to UV-C dose (r² > 0.97). At the highest dose …

Efficacy Of Ultraviolet (Uv-C) Light In Reducing Foodborne Pathogens And Model Viruses In Skim Milk, Danielle M. Gunter-Ward, Ankit Patras, Manreet Singh Bhullar, Agnes Kilonzo-Nthenge, Bharat Pokharel, Michael Sasges

Agricultural and Environmental Sciences Faculty Research

The efficacy of low wavelength ultraviolet light (UV-C) as a disinfection process for a scattering fluid such as skim milk was investigated in this study. UV-C inactivation kinetics of two surrogate viruses (bacteriophages MS2 and T1UV) and three bacteria Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, S. Typhimurium ATCC 13311, Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 19115 in buffer and skim milk were investigated. UV-C irradiation was applied to stirred samples, using a collimated beam operating at 253.7 nm wavelength. A series of known UV-C doses (0–40 mJ·cm⁻²) were delivered to the samples except MS2 where higher doses (0–150 mJ·cm⁻²) were delivered. …

Availability Of Low-Fat Milk And Produce In Small And Mid-Sized Grocery Stores After 2014 Wic Final Rule Changes, Tennessee, David Schlundt, Chiquita Briley, Barbara Canada, Jessica L. Jones, Baqar A. Husaini, Janice S. Emerson, Pamela C. Hull

Center for Prevention Research Publications

Introduction

The 2007 Interim Rule mandated changes to food packages in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) for implementation by 2009. The 2014 Final Rule required additional changes, including increasing the cash value voucher for fruits and vegetables from $6 to $8 for children by June 2014, and allowing only low-fat (1%) or nonfat milk for mothers and children aged 2 to 4 years by October 2014. This study evaluated the effect of the 2014 Final Rule changes on the food environment of small and mid-sized WIC-authorized grocery stores.

Methods

We analyzed secondary data using …

Ginseng And Obesity: Observations And Understanding In Cultured Cells, Animals And Humans, Longyun Zhang, Carlos Virgous, Hongwei Si

Human Sciences Faculty Research

Ginseng, a traditional medical herb, has been reported having beneficial effects in fatigue, heart diseases, diabetes, immune function and erectile dysfunction. In recent years, increasing investigations have been conducted on ginseng in preventing and treating of obesity, one of the major worldwide escalating public health concerns. However, the effect and the relevant mechanisms behind how ginseng works as an antiobesity treatment are still controversial. In this review, we briefly discussed the chemical structures, metabolism and pharmacokinetics of ginseng and its major bioactive components ginsenosides. The major focus is on the antiobesity effects and the physiological, cellular and molecular mechanisms of …

Food Leftover Practices Among Consumers In Selected Countries In Europe, South And North America, Kadri Koppel, Federica Higa, Sandria Godwin, Nelson Gutierrez, Roman Shalimov, Paula Cardinal, Brizio Di Donfrancesco, Miriam Sosa, Angel A. Carbonell-Barrachina, Loreida Timberg, Edgar Chambers Iv

Human Sciences Faculty Research

Foodborne illnesses may be related to many food production factors with home practices of consumers playing an important role in food safety. Consumer behavior for handling food leftovers has been studied, however little work on comparisons among countries has been published. The objective of this study was to investigate home food leftover practices of people from North American, South American, and European countries. Surveys were conducted with approximately 100 or more consumers in Argentina, Colombia, the United States, Estonia, Italy, Russia, and Spain. The participants responded to questions related to the length of time different types of food leftovers; such …

Food Safety: Recommendations For Determining Doneness In Consumer Egg Dish Recipes And Measurement Of Endpoint Temperatures When Recipes Are Followed, Sandria Godwin, Curtis Maughan, Edgar Chambers

Human Sciences Faculty Research

Many consumers do not follow recommended food safety practices for cooking egg dishes, such as pies, quiches, and casseroles, potentially leading to foodborne illnesses such as Salmonellosis. The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) recommends cooking egg mixtures until the center reaches 71 °C (160 °F). The objectives of this study were to determine what endpoint temperature information consumers receive from egg dish recipes, and if recipes would lead to safe temperatures when followed. Egg dish recipes (n = 226) from 65 websites, 50 cookbooks, and nine magazine titles (multiple issues of each) were analyzed. Time was the most frequently …

Dietary Antiaging Phytochemicals And Mechanisms Associated With Prolonged Survival, Hongwei Si, Dongmin Liu

Human Sciences Faculty Research

Aging is well-known an inevitable process that is influenced by genetic, lifestyle and environmental factors. However, the exact mechanisms underlying the aging process are not well understood. Increasing evidence shows that aging is highly associated with chronic increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS), accumulation of a low-grade proinflammatory phenotype and reduction in age-related autophagy, suggesting that these factors may play important roles in promoting aging. Indeed, reduction of ROS and low-grade inflammation and promotion of autophagy by calorie restriction or other dietary manipulation can extend lifespan in a wide spectrum of model organisms. Interestingly, recent studies show that some food-derived …

Avoiding The Food “Danger Zone” When It Is Hot Outside, Sandria L. Godwin, Fur-Chi Chen, Richard Stone

Extension Publications

No abstract provided.