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Articles 1 - 30 of 70
Full-Text Articles in Food Science
Covalent Immobilization Of Lysozyme On Ethylene Vinyl Alcohol Films For Nonmigrating Antimicrobial Packaging Applications, V. Muriel-Galet, Joey N. Talbert, P. Hernandez-Munoz, R. Gavara, J. M. Goddard
Covalent Immobilization Of Lysozyme On Ethylene Vinyl Alcohol Films For Nonmigrating Antimicrobial Packaging Applications, V. Muriel-Galet, Joey N. Talbert, P. Hernandez-Munoz, R. Gavara, J. M. Goddard
Joey Talbert
The objective of this study was to develop a new antimicrobial film, in which lysozyme was covalently attached onto two different ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymers (EVOH 29 and EVOH 44). The EVOH surface was modified with UV irradiation treatment to generate carboxylic acid groups, and lysozyme was covalently attached to the functionalized polymer surface. Surface characterization of control and modified films was performed using attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) and dye assay. The value of protein loading after attachment on the surface was 8.49 μg protein/cm2 and 5.74 μg protein/cm2 for EVOH 29 and EVOH 44, respectively, …
Educational Needs Asessment And Practices Of Grocery Store Food Handlers Through Survey And Observational Data Collection, Lynn A. Robertson, Renee R. Boyer, Benjamin J. Chapman, Joseph D. Eifert, Nancy K. Franz
Educational Needs Asessment And Practices Of Grocery Store Food Handlers Through Survey And Observational Data Collection, Lynn A. Robertson, Renee R. Boyer, Benjamin J. Chapman, Joseph D. Eifert, Nancy K. Franz
Nancy K. Franz
Grocery store associates in deli/bakery departments prepare and serve an increasing number of ready-to eat (RTE) foods and full meals. The shift to more convenience foods and take-home meals highlights the need for effective food safety training programs in retail grocery establishments to prevent foodborne illness. Through qualitative and quantitative methods, food safety knowledge, training preferences, needs, and current practices of grocery stores deli/bakery food handlers in Southwest and Southern Virginia were explored. Deli employees (n ¼ 78) completed a 34 question survey eliciting information on demographics, food safety training needs, preferences and knowledge. In an additional phase of this …
Method And System For Lactose-Free Or Lactose-Reduced Milk And Associated Products, Production Thereof, And Associated Processes, Joseph H. Hotchkiss, Joey Talbert
Method And System For Lactose-Free Or Lactose-Reduced Milk And Associated Products, Production Thereof, And Associated Processes, Joseph H. Hotchkiss, Joey Talbert
Joey Talbert
A system and method capable of hydrolyzing lactose, where the system includes a support formed from a functionalized hydrophobic polymer that is covalently linked to a hydrophilic molecule covalently that is, in turn, covalently linked to an enzyme such as lactose. The method includes the steps of functionalizing a hydrophobic polymer support, covalently linking a hydrophilic molecule to said functionalized polymer support, and covalently linking an enzyme such as lactase to said hydrophilic molecule. The system and method generally relate to the field of food science and engineering and, more particularly to dairy-based food products and their production including solutions …
Fractionation Of Distillers Dried Grains With Solubles (Ddgs) Through A Narrowing Of Particle Size Distribution Followed By Aspiration, Rafael A. Garcia, Kurt A. Rosentrater
Fractionation Of Distillers Dried Grains With Solubles (Ddgs) Through A Narrowing Of Particle Size Distribution Followed By Aspiration, Rafael A. Garcia, Kurt A. Rosentrater
Kurt A. Rosentrater
Distiller's dried grains with solubles (DDGS) may have more value and utility if they can be separated into high protein and high fiber fractions. A variety of such separation processes have been proposed; two of the most promising processes involve three screening and three air classification unit operations. In the present study, an alternative process involving fewer unit operations is demonstrated. DDGS are subjected to a single screening, and the oversize particles are processed in a mill setup so that it narrows the particle size distribution of the oversize fraction. The milled DDGS is then processed in an air classification …
Phaseolus Beans: Impact On Glycaemic Response And Chronic Disease Risk In Human Subjects, Andrea M. Hutchins, Donna M. Winham, Sharon V. Thompson
Phaseolus Beans: Impact On Glycaemic Response And Chronic Disease Risk In Human Subjects, Andrea M. Hutchins, Donna M. Winham, Sharon V. Thompson
Donna Winham
Consumption of Phaseolus vulgaris bean species such as pinto, black, navy or kidney may be beneficial in the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases. In particular, conditions that are promoted by increased glycaemic stress (hyperglycaemia and hyperinsulinaemia) including diabetes, CVD and cancer seem to be reduced in individuals who eat more of these beans. The present paper discusses the influence of P. vulgaris species on glycaemic response and the impact that relationship may have on the risk of developing diabetes, CVD and cancer.
Perceptions Of Flatulence From Bean Consumption Among Adults In 3 Feeding Studies, Donna M. Winham, Andrea M. Hutchins
Perceptions Of Flatulence From Bean Consumption Among Adults In 3 Feeding Studies, Donna M. Winham, Andrea M. Hutchins
Donna Winham
Background: Many consumers avoid eating beans because they believe legume consumption will cause excessive intestinal gas or flatulence. An increasing body of research and the 2010 Dietary Guidelines for Americans supports the benefits of a plant-based diet, and legumes specifically, in the reduction of chronic disease risks. The purpose of the current research was to investigate the perception of increased flatulence and gastrointestinal discomfort among participants who consumed a ½ cup of beans daily for 8 or 12 weeks. Methods: Participants in three studies to test the effects of beans on heart disease biomarkers completed the same weekly questionnaire to …
Using Alternative Flours As Partial Replacement In Barbari Bread (Traditional Iranian Bread) Formulation, Shirin Pourafshar, Padmanaban G. Krishnan, Kurt A. Rosentrater
Using Alternative Flours As Partial Replacement In Barbari Bread (Traditional Iranian Bread) Formulation, Shirin Pourafshar, Padmanaban G. Krishnan, Kurt A. Rosentrater
Kurt A. Rosentrater
Since cereals and cereal-based products are a cheap source of energy, they are highly consumed in all of countries. Wheat is the major cereal, consumed in different food products, especially bread. Today, whole wheat flour is being consumed in most of the breads because of its nutrient components but still different problems are associated with this flour, such as allergies and loss of nutrient components due to milling and refining. Thus, to find different sources to fortify products made with wheat flour as their major ingredient, especially bread is important. In this study, five different flours (20% of each flour …
Knowledge Of Young African American Adults About Heart Disease: A Cross-Sectional Survey, Donna Winham, Kathleen M. Jones
Knowledge Of Young African American Adults About Heart Disease: A Cross-Sectional Survey, Donna Winham, Kathleen M. Jones
Donna Winham
Background: African Americans have higher rates of cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality than other ethnic groups. Young adults are prime targets for intervention strategies to prevent and reduce disease risk. The study purpose was to determine the level of knowledge of lifestyle risk factors for CVD among young African American adults in Phoenix. The results will be used to guide the development of CVD outreach programs targeted to this population. The Health Belief Model was used as a conceptual framework. Methods: A convenience sample of 172 African American men and women aged 18-26 years completed a questionnaire adapted from the American …
Effect Of Starch Sources And Protein Content On Extruded Aquaculture Feed Containing Ddgs, Sankaranandh Kannadhason, Kasiviswanathan Muthukumarappan, Kurt A. Rosentrater
Effect Of Starch Sources And Protein Content On Extruded Aquaculture Feed Containing Ddgs, Sankaranandh Kannadhason, Kasiviswanathan Muthukumarappan, Kurt A. Rosentrater
Kurt A. Rosentrater
A 3 × 3 × 3 completely randomized design was used to investigate extrusion cooking behavior and product characteristics of distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS), protein levels, and various starch sources in a laboratory scale single screw extruder. Cassava, corn, and potato starches with varying levels of DDGS (20%, 30%, and 40% wet basis (wb)) were extruded with three different proportions of protein levels (28%, 30%, and 32% wb). The extrusion cooking was performed at a constant feed moisture content of 20% wb, barrel temperature of 120 °C, and a preset screw speed of 130 rpm (13.6 rad/s). Extrudate …
Some Middle Eastern Breads, Their Characteristics And Their Production, Shirin Pourafshar, Padmanaban Krishnan, Kurt A. Rosentrater
Some Middle Eastern Breads, Their Characteristics And Their Production, Shirin Pourafshar, Padmanaban Krishnan, Kurt A. Rosentrater
Kurt A. Rosentrater
In Middle Eastern countries, there are many traditional products which are made from wheat; bread is the most important one, and it is eaten with almost every kind of food. The goals of this study are to 1) in general, review major types of breads in the Middle East, and 2) specifically discuss Iranian breads. There are four major Iranian flat breads; all of these are fundamentally the same, and the dough in all of them consists of water, yeast, baking powder, and wheat flour, but they also have some ingredients which are specific to each product. The first of …
Predicting Stability Of Distiller’S Wet Grains (Dwg) With Color Analysis, R. M. Lehman, Kurt A. Rosentrater
Predicting Stability Of Distiller’S Wet Grains (Dwg) With Color Analysis, R. M. Lehman, Kurt A. Rosentrater
Kurt A. Rosentrater
Distiller’s wet grain (DWG) is one of the coproducts from the fuel ethanol industry. Although many studies have investigated the nutritional properties of DWG, little work has investigated the storability and shelf life for these feed products or how to measure these quantities. The objectives of this research were to measure the development of microorganisms and their respiration over time in freshly produced DWG and to determine if there was a quantitative relationship between these microbiological parameters and a more easily measured physical property, DWG color. The numbers of aerobic heterotrophic bacteria, molds and yeasts, and carbon dioxide generated by …
Sensory Evaluation Of Barley Chocolate Chip Cookies By Consumers With Different Demographic Background And Eating Patterns, Maria Botero Omary, Kurt A. Rosentrater, Douglas L. Lewis, Elizabeth Arndt, Diana J. Frost, Lauren M. Winstone
Sensory Evaluation Of Barley Chocolate Chip Cookies By Consumers With Different Demographic Background And Eating Patterns, Maria Botero Omary, Kurt A. Rosentrater, Douglas L. Lewis, Elizabeth Arndt, Diana J. Frost, Lauren M. Winstone
Kurt A. Rosentrater
Health organizations have recommended an increase in consumption of whole grains, total dietary fiber, and soluble fiber to help reduce the potential risk factor for the development of type-2 diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular disease, among others. The purpose of this project was to determine the sensory characteristics of chocolate chip (CC) cookies containing a high-soluble fiber whole barley flour (HSFWB). Cookies with 0, 30, 50, and 70% HSFWB were evaluated for appearance, color, flavor, texture, and overall acceptability using a 9-point hedonic scale. Forty-nine students, faculty, and staff tested the cookies on three different days. Demographic and behavioral data on …
Children's Acceptance, Nutritional, And Instrumental Evaluations Of Whole Grain And Soluble Fiber Enriched Foods, A. Toma, M. B. Omary, L. F. Marquart, E. A. Arndt, Kurt A. Rosentrater, B. Burns-Whitmore, L. Kessler, K. Hwan, A. Sandoval, A. Sung
Children's Acceptance, Nutritional, And Instrumental Evaluations Of Whole Grain And Soluble Fiber Enriched Foods, A. Toma, M. B. Omary, L. F. Marquart, E. A. Arndt, Kurt A. Rosentrater, B. Burns-Whitmore, L. Kessler, K. Hwan, A. Sandoval, A. Sung
Kurt A. Rosentrater
The Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2005 report recommends 3 or more daily ounce-equivalents of whole grains (WG), and the FDA suggests consumption of 25 g of total dietary fiber (TDF) and 6 g of soluble fiber (SF) for a 2000-calorie diet. Efforts to increase the consumption of WG and SF among elementary school-aged children are needed. The objectives of this study were to examine the consumption of WG- and SF-enriched burritos and cookies among elementary school-aged children and to perform a quality evaluation of all products. Children in grades K to 6 from a local elementary school consumed control (CTR) …
Analysis Of Betaine And Choline Contents Of Aleurone, Bran, And Flour Fractions Of Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.) Using 1h Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (Nmr) Spectroscopy, Stewart F. Graham, James Hollis, Marie Migaud, Roy A. Browne
Analysis Of Betaine And Choline Contents Of Aleurone, Bran, And Flour Fractions Of Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.) Using 1h Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (Nmr) Spectroscopy, Stewart F. Graham, James Hollis, Marie Migaud, Roy A. Browne
James Hollis
In conventional milling, the aleurone layer is combined with the bran fraction. Studies indicate that the bran fraction of wheat contains the majority of the phytonutrients betaine and choline, with relatively minor concentrations in the refined flour. This present study suggests that the wheat aleurone layer (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Tiger) contains the greatest concentration of both betaine and choline (1553.44 and 209.80 mg/100 g of sample, respectively). The bran fraction contained 866.94 and 101.95 mg/100 g of sample of betaine and choline, respectively, while the flour fraction contained 23.30 mg/100 g of sample (betaine) and 28.0 mg/100 g of …
Understanding Consumer Preference For Functional Barley Tortillas Through Sensory, Demographic, And Behavioral Data, Ayako Toma, Maria Botero Omary, Kurt A. Rosentrater, Elizabeth A. Arndt, Naruemon Prasopsunwattana, Sutida Chongcham, Rolando A. Flores
Understanding Consumer Preference For Functional Barley Tortillas Through Sensory, Demographic, And Behavioral Data, Ayako Toma, Maria Botero Omary, Kurt A. Rosentrater, Elizabeth A. Arndt, Naruemon Prasopsunwattana, Sutida Chongcham, Rolando A. Flores
Kurt A. Rosentrater
Consumption of whole grains as part of a health-promoting diet is encouraged among Americans due to beneficial nutrients and phytochemicals. The main objectives of this study were to investigate the effect of whole barley flour particle size on consumer acceptance of whole grain and soluble fiber-enriched tortillas; to examine the effect of demographic and behavioral data on consumer acceptance; and to establish relationships between consumer acceptance and survey results to identify market opportunities among particular groups of consumers. Four experimental tortillas and two representative commercial brands were tested by 95 untrained panelists using a 9-point hedonic scale for appearance, color, …
Effect Of Chronic Consumption Of Almonds On Body Weight In Healthy Humans, James Hollis, Richard Mattes
Effect Of Chronic Consumption Of Almonds On Body Weight In Healthy Humans, James Hollis, Richard Mattes
James Hollis
Small changes of diet may reduce CVD risk. One example is the inclusion of nuts. They are rich in fibre, unsaturated fatty acids and phytonutrients. However, their fat content and energy density raise concerns that chronic consumption will promote weight gain. Randomised intervention studies are required to evaluate whether this concern is well founded. This study’s aim was to determine if the inclusion of a 1440 kJ serving of almonds in the daily diet results in positive energy balance, and body composition change. During a 23-week cross-over design study, participants were required to consume almonds for 10 weeks and were …
Behavioral, Environmental, Metabolic And Intergenerational Components Of Early Life Undernutrition Leading To Later Obesity In Developing Nations And In Minority Groups In The Usa, Maria I. Varela-Silva, A. Roberto Frisancho, Berry Bogin, David Chatkoff, Patricia K. Smith, Federico Dickinson, Donna Winham
Behavioral, Environmental, Metabolic And Intergenerational Components Of Early Life Undernutrition Leading To Later Obesity In Developing Nations And In Minority Groups In The Usa, Maria I. Varela-Silva, A. Roberto Frisancho, Berry Bogin, David Chatkoff, Patricia K. Smith, Federico Dickinson, Donna Winham
Donna Winham
Nutritional transition, urbanization, and physical inactivity are primary factors responsible for the worldwide epidemic of overweight/obesity (OW/OB). However, these factors fail to explain the epidemic of OW/OB in developing countries and in recent-migrants to developed countries. Among these, OW/OB is associated with short/stunted stature and coexists with undernutrition at much higher rates than is statistically expected. Changes in metabolic pathways toward reduced fat oxidation and increased metabolism of carbohydrate may explain, in part, this phenomenon. Also, intergenerational consequences of malnutrition and poor health of the others may lead to impaired phenotypes in their offspring. We propose a novel methodology to …
Determination Of 2-Alkylcyclobutanones With Electronic Impact And Chemical Ionization Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (Gc/Ms) In Irradiated Foods, Peter Horvatovich, Dalal Werner, Stéphanie Jung, Michel Miesch, Henry Delincee, Claude Hasselmann, Eric Marchioni
Determination Of 2-Alkylcyclobutanones With Electronic Impact And Chemical Ionization Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (Gc/Ms) In Irradiated Foods, Peter Horvatovich, Dalal Werner, Stéphanie Jung, Michel Miesch, Henry Delincee, Claude Hasselmann, Eric Marchioni
Stéphanie Jung
The use of a column containing 60 g of silica gel for cleanup and the use of isobutane as a reactant reagent for chemical ionization-mass spectrometric analysis of the saturated and monounsaturated alkyl side-chain 2-alkylcyclobutanones (2-ACBs; specifically induced by irradiation from fat in foods until the proof of contrary) has improved both the sensibility and the selectivity of the method when applied for the detection of irradiated foods. The quality of the chromatograms obtained was improved, allowing the detection of food samples (avocados) irradiated at low doses (0.1 kGy) or irradiated ingredients included in low proportions (less than 5%, wt/wt) …
Update On Utilizing Ethanol Processing Residues In Food Products, Kurt A. Rosentrater, Padmanaban Krishnan
Update On Utilizing Ethanol Processing Residues In Food Products, Kurt A. Rosentrater, Padmanaban Krishnan
Kurt A. Rosentrater
The production of corn-based ethanol in the U.S. is dramatically increasing, and consequently so is the quantity of byproduct materials generated from this processing sector. These coproduct streams are currently solely utilized as livestock feed, which is a route that provides ethanol processors with a substantial revenue source and significantly increases the profitability of the production process. With the construction and operation of many new plants in recent years, these residuals do, however, have much potential for value-added processing and utilization in the human food sector as well. This option holds promise of economic benefit for corn processors, especially if …
Overweight In Urban, Low-Income, African American And Hispanic Children Attending Los Angeles Elementary Schools: Research Stimulating Action, Wendelin M. Slusser, William G. Cumberland, Ben L. Browdy, Donna Winham, Charlotte G. Neumann
Overweight In Urban, Low-Income, African American And Hispanic Children Attending Los Angeles Elementary Schools: Research Stimulating Action, Wendelin M. Slusser, William G. Cumberland, Ben L. Browdy, Donna Winham, Charlotte G. Neumann
Donna Winham
Objective: This study was undertaken to establish the prevalence and severity of nutritional problems among low-income children of elementary school age in the Los Angeles Unified School District (LAUSD) in order to collect baseline data to inform policy-makers. Design and methods: A cross-sectional survey of children in 14 elementary schools was conducted from January to June, 1998. Nine hundred and nineteen children were measured and interviewed. The planning, design and data analysis were carried out in collaboration with key LAUSD policy-makers. Results: More than 35% of the sample was classified as being at risk for overweight or overweight according to …
Single-Cell Microbiology: Tools, Technologies, And Applications, Byron F. Brehm-Stecher, Eric A. Johnson
Single-Cell Microbiology: Tools, Technologies, And Applications, Byron F. Brehm-Stecher, Eric A. Johnson
Byron F. Brehm-Stecher
The field of microbiology has traditionally been concerned with and focused on studies at the population level. Information on how cells respond to their environment, interact with each other, or undergo complex processes such as cellular differentiation or gene expression has been obtained mostly by inference from population-level data. New appreciation for the existence and importance of cellular heterogeneity, coupled with recent advances in technology, has driven the development of new tools and techniques for the study of individual microbial cells. As a result, scientists have been able to characterize microorganisms and their activities at unprecedented levels of detail.
Sensitization Of Staphylococcus Aureus And Escherichia Coli To Antibiotics By The Sesquiterpenoids Nerolidol, Farnesol, Bisabolol, And Apritone, Byron F. Brehm-Stecher, Eric A. Johnson
Sensitization Of Staphylococcus Aureus And Escherichia Coli To Antibiotics By The Sesquiterpenoids Nerolidol, Farnesol, Bisabolol, And Apritone, Byron F. Brehm-Stecher, Eric A. Johnson
Byron F. Brehm-Stecher
The sesquiterpenoids nerolidol, farnesol, bisabolol, and apritone were investigated for their abilities to enhance bacterial permeability and susceptibility to exogenous antimicrobial compounds. Initially, it was observed by flow cytometry that these sesquiterpenoids promoted the intracellular accumulation of the membrane-impermeant nucleic acid stain ethidium bromide by live cells of Lactobacillus fermentum, suggesting that enhanced permeability resulted from disruption of the cytoplasmic membrane. The ability of these sesquiterpenoids to increase bacterial susceptibility to a number of clinically important antibiotics was then investigated. In disk diffusion assays, treatment with low concentrations (0.5 to 2 mM) of nerolidol, bisabolol, or apritone enhanced the susceptibility …
Rapid Gut Transit Time And Slow Fecal Isoflavone Disappearance Phenotype Are Associated With Greater Genistein Bioavailability In Women, Yan Zheng, Jiang Hu, Patricia A. Murphy, D. Lee Alekel, Warren D. Franke, Suzanne Hendrich
Rapid Gut Transit Time And Slow Fecal Isoflavone Disappearance Phenotype Are Associated With Greater Genistein Bioavailability In Women, Yan Zheng, Jiang Hu, Patricia A. Murphy, D. Lee Alekel, Warren D. Franke, Suzanne Hendrich
Warren D Franke
The bioavailability of soybean isoflavones varies widely among individuals due to many factors, including activities of gut microflora. To characterize factors that affect fecal isoflavone disappearance phenotype and isoflavone bioavailability in women, 35 Asian and 33 Caucasian women, 18-43 y of age, provided fecal samples for anaerobic incubation with isoflavones in vitro at two times 5 mo apart (Phases I and II). Diet, physical activity and health history were investigated at these times. A single dose of soymilk powder [1.2 mg (4.57 micromol) total isoflavone/kg body] was given to all subjects with breakfast in phase II. Daidzein and genistein from …
Hydrophobic Probe Binding Of Β-Lactoglobulin In The Native And Molten Globule State Induced By High Pressure As Affected By Ph, Kio3 And N-Ethylmaleimide, Jian Yang, Joseph R. Powers, Stephanie Clark, A. Keith Dunker, Barry G. Swanson
Hydrophobic Probe Binding Of Β-Lactoglobulin In The Native And Molten Globule State Induced By High Pressure As Affected By Ph, Kio3 And N-Ethylmaleimide, Jian Yang, Joseph R. Powers, Stephanie Clark, A. Keith Dunker, Barry G. Swanson
Stephanie Clark
High hydrostatic pressure (HHP) at 500 MPa and 50 °C induces β-LG into the molten globule state. Retinol, cis-parinaric acid (CPA), and 1-anilino-naphthalene-8-sulfonate (ANS) fluorescence from pH 2.5 to 10.5 in the presence of the native and molten globule states of β-LG indicate that retinol binds to β-LG in the calyx, CPA at the surface hydrophobic site, and ANS in multiple hydrophobic sites. HHP treatment results in a decrease of β-LG affinity for retinol and CPA, suggesting conformational changes in the calyx and surface hydrophobic site of β-LG during HHP treatment. β-LG treated by HHP in the presence of N-ethylmaleimide …
Β-Lactoglobulin Molten Globule Induced By High Pressure, Jian Yang, A. Keith Dunker, Joseph R. Powers, Stephanie Clark, Barry G. Swanson
Β-Lactoglobulin Molten Globule Induced By High Pressure, Jian Yang, A. Keith Dunker, Joseph R. Powers, Stephanie Clark, Barry G. Swanson
Stephanie Clark
Beta-lactoglobulin (beta-LG) was treated with high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) at 600 MPa and 50 degrees C for selected times as long as 64 min. The intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence of beta-LG indicated that HHP treatment conditions induced a conformational change. HHP treatment conditions also promote a 3-fold increase in the extrinsic fluorescence of 1-anilinonaphthalene-8-sulfonate and a 2.6-fold decrease for cis-paraneric acid, suggesting an increase in accessible aromatic hydrophobicity and a decrease in aliphatic hydrophobicity. Far-ultraviolet circular dichroism (CD) spectra reveal that the secondary structure of beta-LG converts from native beta-sheets to non-native alpha-helices following HHP treatment, whereas near-ultraviolet CD spectra reveal …
High-Pressure Effects On Lysosome Integrity And Lysosomal Enzyme Activity In Bovine Muscle, Stéphanie Jung, Marie De Lamballerie-Anton, Richard G. Taylor, Mohamed Ghoul
High-Pressure Effects On Lysosome Integrity And Lysosomal Enzyme Activity In Bovine Muscle, Stéphanie Jung, Marie De Lamballerie-Anton, Richard G. Taylor, Mohamed Ghoul
Stéphanie Jung
This study was conducted to determine whether the application of high hydrostatic pressure could modify the enzymatic activity and membrane integrity of lysosomes in muscle. Several combinations of pressure (0-600 MPa) and time (0-300 s) were applied to two types of samples: purified enzymes (cathepsin D and acid phosphatase) in buffer solution and intact muscle (biceps femoris). The enzymes studied showed varying degrees of susceptibility depending on the level of pressure, holding time, and environment. Acid phosphatase activity was minimally affected by pressure in buffer solution, whereas cathepsin D was modulated significantly by the pressure and time applied. The activities …
A Comparison Of Iron Absorption In Adults And Infants Consuming Identical Infant Formulas, Richard F. Hurrell, Lena Davidsson, Manju B. Reddy, Peter Kastenmayer, James D. Cook
A Comparison Of Iron Absorption In Adults And Infants Consuming Identical Infant Formulas, Richard F. Hurrell, Lena Davidsson, Manju B. Reddy, Peter Kastenmayer, James D. Cook
Manju B. Reddy
Fe absorption was estimated in adults and infants from the erythrocyte incorporation of Fe isotopes added to infant formula. Fe absorption was measured in adults using radioisotopes, and in infants with a stable-isotope technique. In adults, the geometric mean Fe absorption from a ready-to-feed soya formula with its native phytic acid content was 2.4%. This increased to 6.0 % (P < 0.05) after almost complete dephytinization. In infants, mean Fe absorption values were 3.9 and 8.7% respectively from the same products (P(O.05). In adults, mean Fe absorption from a spray-dried soya formula containing 110 mg ascorbic acid was 4.1 %, increasing to 5.3 % (P < 0.05) when ascorbic acid was doubled to 220 mgfl. In infants, mean Fe absorption values were 5.7 and 9.5 % (P < 0.05) from the same products. Mean Fe absorption from a milk-based formula was 6.5 % in adults compared with 6.7 % in infants. All meals in the adult and infant studies were fed using an identical meal size of 217 g. Increasing the meal size threefold in adults did not change fractional Fe absorption. Mean Fe absorption values for each meal were lower in adults than in infants, but the relative inhibitory effect of phytic acid and the enhancing effect of ascorbic acid were similar. We conclude that Fe absorption studies in adults can be used to assess the influence of enhancers and inhibitors of Fe absorption in infant formulas fed to infants. Further studies, however, are required to extend these findings to weaning foods and complete meals.
Iron Regulatory Protein 1 Is Not Required For The Modulation Of Ferritin And Transferrin Receptor Expression By Iron In A Murine Pro-B Lymphocyte Cell Line, Kevin Schalinske, Kenneth P. Blemings, Daniel W. Steffen, Opal S. Chen, Richard S. Eisenstein
Iron Regulatory Protein 1 Is Not Required For The Modulation Of Ferritin And Transferrin Receptor Expression By Iron In A Murine Pro-B Lymphocyte Cell Line, Kevin Schalinske, Kenneth P. Blemings, Daniel W. Steffen, Opal S. Chen, Richard S. Eisenstein
Kevin Schalinske
Iron regulatory proteins (IRPs) are cytoplasmic RNA binding proteins that are central components of a sensory and regulatory network that modulates vertebrate iron homeostasis. IRPs regulate iron metabolism by binding to iron responsive element(s) (IREs) in the 5* or 3* untranslated region of ferritin or transferrin receptor (TfR) mRNAs. Two IRPs, IRP1 and IRP2, have been identified previously. IRP1 exhibits two mutually exclusive functions as an RNA binding protein or as the cytosolic isoform of aconitase. We demonstrate that the BayF3 family of murine pro-B lymphocytes represents the first example of a mammalian cell line that fails to express IRP1 …
The Effect Of Postruminal Amino Acid Flow On Muscle Cell Proliferation And Protein Turnover, James M. Reecy, James E. Williams, Monty S. Kerley, Ruth S. Macdonald, William H. Thornton, Julie L. Davis
The Effect Of Postruminal Amino Acid Flow On Muscle Cell Proliferation And Protein Turnover, James M. Reecy, James E. Williams, Monty S. Kerley, Ruth S. Macdonald, William H. Thornton, Julie L. Davis
Ruth S. MacDonald
An experiment was conducted to characterize the effects of postruminal administration of casein, glutamine, cornstarch, and water on protein turnover and in vitro muscle cell proliferation. Four MARC III steers (205 kg) were fed a protein-restricted bromegrass hay-based diet (2.86 Mcal of DE/kg and 13.6 g of N/kg). Using a 4 x 5 Latin square arrangement balanced for residual effects, casein and glutamine, equal to 50% of basal dietary nitrogen intake, cornstarch, isocaloric with casein infusion, or an equal volume of water was continuously infused into the abomasum of steers. Blood samples, collected every 2 h for 24 h after …
A Muscle Hypertrophy Condition In Lamb (Callipyge): Characterization Of Effects On Muscle Growth And Meat Quality Traits, M. Koohmaraie, S. D. Shackelford, T. L. Wheeler, Steven M. Lonergan, M. E. Doumit
A Muscle Hypertrophy Condition In Lamb (Callipyge): Characterization Of Effects On Muscle Growth And Meat Quality Traits, M. Koohmaraie, S. D. Shackelford, T. L. Wheeler, Steven M. Lonergan, M. E. Doumit
Steven M. Lonergan
The present experiment was conducted to determine the effect of the callipyge phenotype on traits affecting muscle growth and meat tenderness. Dorset wethers (n = 40) that were either carriers or non-carriers were fed grain and slaughtered at 169 d of age. Callipyge phenotype did not affect ( P > .05) slaughter weight, hot carcass weight, or weights of the heart, spleen, viscera, kidney-pelvic fat, head, and pelt; however, callipyge lambs had a higher dressing percentage and lighter lungs, liver, and kidneys ( P < .01). Callipyge lambs had reduced fat thickness and marbling score and higher leg scores and longissimus area (34%). Adductor (30%), biceps femoris (42%), gluteus group (31%), longissimus (32%), psoas group (20%), quadriceps femoris (18%), semimembranosus (38%), and semitendinosus (26%) weights were higher in the callipyge phenotype ( P < .01); however, phenotype did not affect ( P > .05) weights of infraspinatus or supraspinatus. Longissimus pH and temperature declines were not affected ( P > .05) …