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Articles 91 - 109 of 109

Full-Text Articles in Food Science

Development And Testing Of A Machine-Coatable Chitosan Coating Applied To A Flexible Packaging Sealant, Steffen Rau Aug 2009

Development And Testing Of A Machine-Coatable Chitosan Coating Applied To A Flexible Packaging Sealant, Steffen Rau

All Theses

Chitosan is a naturally derived material that has anti-microbial properties. Studies have shown that chitosan is effective when it is in contact with the surface of the product upon which the antimicrobial effect is desired. This suggests that chitosan should be on the inside surface of the package. In this work, a machine coatable chitosan coating was developed for application to the sealable (LDPE) side of a PET/LDPE lamination. The viscosities and percent solids of the coating were evaluated over 12 days. The coating was tested using manual drawdowns (Mayer rods) and also on a gravure coating line. Adhesion properties …


Consumer Preferences: The Role Of Food Emotions In Food Choice, Jessica Glass May 2009

Consumer Preferences: The Role Of Food Emotions In Food Choice, Jessica Glass

All Theses

The purpose of this study was to determine the driving factors in food choice. The Flavor Pyramid, introduced by Steven Kaun, indicates that the foundation of consumer food choice is emotional (Kaun, 2005). This study serves as a preliminary means to validate the role of the emotional component of food choice in today's market. Four gingerbread formulas, one from 1430, 1861, 2004, and a new product, were evaluated in a sensory panel in order to collect preliminary data on the role that food emotions play in consumer preference. Nearly sixty-six percent of all panelists chose the 2004 recipe as the …


Antioxidant And Anticancer Activities Of Wampee (Clausena Lansium (Lour.) Skeels) Peel, K. Nagendra Prasad, Jing Hao, Chun Yi, Dandan Zhang, Shengxiang Qiu, Yueming Jiang, Mingwei Zhang, Feng Chen Jan 2009

Antioxidant And Anticancer Activities Of Wampee (Clausena Lansium (Lour.) Skeels) Peel, K. Nagendra Prasad, Jing Hao, Chun Yi, Dandan Zhang, Shengxiang Qiu, Yueming Jiang, Mingwei Zhang, Feng Chen

Publications

Antioxidant activities of wampee peel extracts using five different solvents (ethanol, hexane, ethyl acetate, butanol and water) were determined by using in-vitro antioxidant models including total antioxidant capability, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, reducing power, and superoxide scavenging activity. Ethyl acetate fraction (EAF) exhibited the highest antioxidant activity compared to other fractions, even higher than synthetic antioxidant butylated hydroxyl toluene (BHT). In addition, the EAF exhibited strong anticancer activities against human gastric carcinoma (SGC-7901), human hepatocellular liver carcinoma (HepG-2) and human lung adenocarcinoma (A-549) cancer cell lines, higher than cisplatin, a conventional anticancer drug. The total phenolic content of …


Optimization Of Biodiesel Production From Crude Cottonseed Oil And Waste Vegetable Oil:Conventional And Ultrasonic Irradiation Methods, Xiaohu Fan Dec 2008

Optimization Of Biodiesel Production From Crude Cottonseed Oil And Waste Vegetable Oil:Conventional And Ultrasonic Irradiation Methods, Xiaohu Fan

All Dissertations

Biodiesel, derived from the transesterification of vegetable oils or animal fats with simple alcohols, has attracted more and more attention recently. As a cleaner burning diesel alternative, biodiesel has many attractive features including: biodegradability, nontoxicity, renewability and low emission profiles.
Although cottonseed oil was the first commercial cooking oil in the U.S, it has progressively lost its market share to some vegetable oils that have larger production and less cost. However, regarding the active researches on biodiesel production from vegetable oils, there is a promising prospective for the cottonseed oil as a feedstock for biodiesel production, which may enhance the …


Characterization Of Bioactive Phytochemicals From The Stem Bark Of African Mahogany Khaya Senegalensis (Meliaceae), Huaping Zhang Dec 2008

Characterization Of Bioactive Phytochemicals From The Stem Bark Of African Mahogany Khaya Senegalensis (Meliaceae), Huaping Zhang

All Dissertations

ABSTRACT
African mahogany Khaya senegalensis (Desr.) A. Juss (Meliaceae) is a large tree growing mainly in the sub-Saharan savannah forests from Senegal to Uganda. This plant is one of the most popular medicinal meliaceous plants in traditional African remedies, used as a bitter tonic, folk and popular medicine against malaria, fever, mucous diarrhea, and venereal diseases as well as an anthelmintic and a taeniacide remedy. Its extracts and chemical constituents have been the subject of extensive phytochemical and pharmacological investigations since 1960s. Anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, anthelmintic, and antiplasmodial activities of plant extracts have been reported. Limonoids with anti-feeding, feeding deterrent and …


Assessment Of A Pilot Nutrition Education Program For Hispanic Youth And Their Parents, Maria Rossi Jul 2008

Assessment Of A Pilot Nutrition Education Program For Hispanic Youth And Their Parents, Maria Rossi

All Theses

Obesity and overweight are increasing at epidemic proportions in South Carolina for both adults and children, particularly affecting minority groups. Hispanic populations residing in South Carolina are not the exception. It is important to provide nutrition education, exercise, and behavior interventions as they are the foundations to treat parents and children who are overweight, obese, or are at risk for overweight and obesity. This study used quantitative and qualitative methods to examine the effectiveness of a nutrition and physical activity program, 'Jump into Food and Fitness' with the Hispanic population and to determine the effectiveness of the program on knowledge, …


Secondary Metabolism Inducing Treatments During In Vitro Development Of Turmeric (Curcuma Longa L.) Rhizomes, Matthew M. Cousins, Jeffrey W. Adelberg, Feng Chen, James Rieck Jun 2008

Secondary Metabolism Inducing Treatments During In Vitro Development Of Turmeric (Curcuma Longa L.) Rhizomes, Matthew M. Cousins, Jeffrey W. Adelberg, Feng Chen, James Rieck

Publications

Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) plants that were grown in vitro for 17 or 22 weeks as a fed-batch culture in 2.5 L vessels yielded 39 to 43 g and 62 to 70 g of fresh rhizomes per vessel, respectively (95 % confidence interval). The MS liquid medium was maintained at 6 % sucrose through media addition twice during the experiment. Various methods were employed in attempts to increase secondary metabolism. Antioxidant and total phenolics assays were employed to characterize phytochemical activity. A first experiment exposed four clones to phenylalanine and/or methyl jasmonate (MeJa) from week 12 to 17 in …


Engine Performance Test Of Cottonseed Oil Biodiesel, Xiaohu Fan, Xi Wang, Feng Chen, Daniel P. Geller, Peter J. Wan Jan 2008

Engine Performance Test Of Cottonseed Oil Biodiesel, Xiaohu Fan, Xi Wang, Feng Chen, Daniel P. Geller, Peter J. Wan

Publications

Two cottonseed oil biodiesel samples (cottonseed oil methyl esters, COME) produced in Clemson lab, together with other two commercial cottonseed oil biodiesels were evaluated on their engine performance with the No. 2 diesel fuel as a reference. The results revealed that emission of CO, CO2 and NOx from cottonseed oil biodiesels was lower than that of the No. 2 diesel fuel. CO decreased by 13.8%, CO2 by 11.1% and NOx by 10%, though there was no significantly statistical difference at p<0.05. The engine test also showed a slightly higher amount of consumption and less tendency of coke formation from COME than the No. 2 diesel fuel. The oxidative stability study showed COME with acceptable stability. COME exhibited friendly environmental benefits and acceptable stability, demonstrating its feasibility as an alternative fuel.


Effect Of The Co2 Grinding On Modified Atmosphere And Color Shelf Life Of Ground Beef, Sofiane Ghris Dec 2007

Effect Of The Co2 Grinding On Modified Atmosphere And Color Shelf Life Of Ground Beef, Sofiane Ghris

All Theses

Beef ground under air and carbon dioxide (CO2) conditions were evaluated for their storage stability at 2 ± 1¼C starting after 2 days in the dark to simulate transportation, followed by 7 days in lighted display by measuring color (CIE L*, a*, b*, the hue and chroma), gas headspace, microbiological content, and pigment content. AC (ground in air then packaged in 100% CO2 MAP) and CC (ground in CO2 then packaged in 100% CO2 MAP) treatments showed the highest a* and chroma values from day 3 to 9 compared with AV (ground in air then vacuum packaged) and CV (ground …


Development And Evaluation Of Instruments To , Patricia Michaud Dec 2007

Development And Evaluation Of Instruments To , Patricia Michaud

All Theses

The objectives of this study are to provide evidence for and demonstrate the processes used to develop and test tools to measure the effectiveness of a culinary and nutrition education program. This study initially involved a review of literature related to the environmental conditions for and components of nutrition education interventions featuring hands-on cooking skill activities. Based on this literature examination, the Cooking Attitude, Cooking Behavior, Produce Consumption Self-Efficacy, Cooking Self-Efficacy, Self-Efficacy for Using Basic Cooking Techniques, and Self-Efficacy for Using Fruits, Vegetables and Seasonings scales and the Knowledge of Cooking Terms and Techniques evaluation were developed. The Availability and …


Fish Gelatin-Nanoclay Composite Film. Mechanical And Physical Properties, Effect Of Enzyme Cross-Linking, And As A Functional Film Layer, Hojae Bae Dec 2007

Fish Gelatin-Nanoclay Composite Film. Mechanical And Physical Properties, Effect Of Enzyme Cross-Linking, And As A Functional Film Layer, Hojae Bae

All Dissertations

The effect of clay content, homogenization RPM, and pH on the mechanical and barrier properties of fish gelatin/nanoclay composite films was investigated. The addition of clay increased the tensile strength (TS) from 30.31±2.37 MPa to 40.71±3.30 MPa. The nanoclay composite film had improved oxygen and water barrier properties when compared to neat fish gelatin film. Oxygen permeability decreased from 0.0004028±0.0000007 gm/m2dayatm to 0.0001144±0.0000162 gm/m2dayatm and the water vapor permeability decreased from 0.0312±0.0016 ngm/m2sPa to 0.0081±0.0001 ngm/m2sPa. The Small angle x-ray scattering (SAXS) and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observations confirmed that the ultrasonification treatment (30 min at 40% output) resulted in …


Polyphenolic Profile And Antioxidant Activities Of Oolong Tea Infusion Under Various Steeping Conditions, Xinguo Su, Jun Duan, Yueming Jiang, Xuewu Duan, Feng Chen Nov 2007

Polyphenolic Profile And Antioxidant Activities Of Oolong Tea Infusion Under Various Steeping Conditions, Xinguo Su, Jun Duan, Yueming Jiang, Xuewu Duan, Feng Chen

Publications

The phenolic profile and antioxidant activities of oolong tea extract were investigated after tea was steeped in 90 or 100 oC water for 3 or 10 min. The extraction yield increased with increasing temperature and extended steeping time. However, higher temperature and longer time (100 oC water for 10 min) led to loss of phenolics. The aqueous extract of oolong tea (AEOT) at 100 oC for 3 min exhibited the strongest antioxidant activity. The major polyphenolic components of the AEOT were identified as (-)-epigallocatechin (EGC), (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and (-)-epicatechin-3-gallate (ECG). The two major catechins (EGC and EGCG) in the …


1,3,7-Trideacetylkhivorin, Huaping Zhang, Don Vanderveer, Xi Wang, Feng Chen, Michael J. Wargovich Nov 2007

1,3,7-Trideacetylkhivorin, Huaping Zhang, Don Vanderveer, Xi Wang, Feng Chen, Michael J. Wargovich

Publications

The title D-seco limonoid, named 1,3,7-trideacetylkhivorin (systematic name: 14,15:21,23-diepoxy-1,3,7-trihydroxy-4,4,8-trimethyl-D-homo-24-nor-17-oxochola-20,22-diene-16-one), C26H36O7, was isolated from the stem bark of African mahogany Khaya senegalensis (Meliaceae). The four fused six-membered rings adopt chair, chair, boat and half-chair conformations. The five-membered furan ring is disordered by a 180° rotation about the bond linking it to the pyran ring. The crystal structure is stabilized by strong classical O-HO hydrogen-bond interactions to form a network.


Antimicrobial Powders And Bio-Based Films, Byungjin Min Aug 2007

Antimicrobial Powders And Bio-Based Films, Byungjin Min

All Dissertations

Food safety can be improved by various antimicrobial applications through the effective inhibition of microorganisms for certain periods by controlled release. Antimicrobials in powders and films were studied to investigate their activities and properties. Nisin (Nisaplin®) (200, 400, 600, 800, and 1000 IU/ml) was adsorbed to silica and different corn starches and their antimicrobial activities against Listeria monocytogenes were evaluated by agar diffusion assay. Nisin-adsorbed silica (Celpure P-65) powder had the highest antimicrobial activity at 600 IU/ml and also confirmed that the highest amount of nisin was adsorbed onto silica at the same concentration. Efficacy of both unmodified corn starch …


Almond Skins As A Natural Antioxidant, Heather Johnson Aug 2007

Almond Skins As A Natural Antioxidant, Heather Johnson

All Theses

In this thesis, the potential for almond skins in their native state as a natural antioxidant in foods was explored. A literature review of general information on almonds, research done on almond skins, and general information on antioxidants is presented. The almond skins used in this study required an additional heat treatment step to improve their microbiological quality before further treatments and analysis could be performed. A descriptive analysis sensory panel was utilized to identify potential flavor and aroma descriptors and their intensities. The aroma descriptors identified were toasted, bran, and toasted; nutty. The flavor descriptors identified were toasted, bran, …


Physiochemical Properties And Bioactivities Of Tea Seed (Camellia Oleifera) Oil, Yen-Hui Chen May 2007

Physiochemical Properties And Bioactivities Of Tea Seed (Camellia Oleifera) Oil, Yen-Hui Chen

All Theses

Tea seed (Camellia oleifera) oil has been used for cooking in China and other Asian countries for more than a thousand years. This study determined the fatty acid composition and tocopherol content through chromatography-flame ionization (GC-FID) and high performance liquid chromatography-UV (HPLC-UV) , respectively. The results showed that the tea seed oil (TSE) was mainly composed of 18.30% palmitic acid (C16:0), 54.95% oleic acid (C18:1), 22.41% linoleic acid (C18:2), and 0.17% linolenic acid (C18:3). Its α-tocopherol content was found the 21.13 mg/100 g oil. Moreover, the antioxidant capacities of methanolic extract of TSE and the remaining meal (Meal)were …


Comparison Of Bioactivities And Composition Of Curcumin-Free Turmeric (Curcuma Longa L.) Oils From Different Sources, Yongxiang Yu Dec 2006

Comparison Of Bioactivities And Composition Of Curcumin-Free Turmeric (Curcuma Longa L.) Oils From Different Sources, Yongxiang Yu

All Theses

Composition, antioxidant capacities and cell inhibition properties of curcumin-free turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) oils from different sources were evaluated by chromatographic method, two different in vitro antioxidative activity assays (DPPH* free radical scavenging assay and reducing power assay) and two different cancer cell lines (Caco-2 and MCF-7). Turmeric oil A (TOA) contains zingiberene, turmerone, and ar-turmerone, while turmeric oil B (TOB) contains 1-phellandrene and α-terpinolene as the major compounds. The antioxidant tests showed that both turmeric oils possessed strong free radical scavenging activities and high reducing powers compared with standard antioxidants such as BHT and commercial rosemary oil (RO). …


Application Of Nanotechnology To Pathogen Detection And Inactivation, Hua Yang Dec 2006

Application Of Nanotechnology To Pathogen Detection And Inactivation, Hua Yang

All Dissertations

Listeria monocytogenes is a psychrotrophic, gram-positive pathogen frequently involved in outbreaks of food-borne disease in which milk, cheese, meat, and vegetables represent the incriminated foodstuffs. L. monocytogenes biofilms formed on food contact surfaces and processing environments are the major sources of contamination to ready-to-eat food products. Nanotechnology as an emerging new technology has many biological applications. The objectives of this study were to apply immunonanoparticles, carboxyl modified nanoparticles covalently bound with anti-L. monocytogenes, for L. monocytogenes detection and inactivation. Immunonanopaticles and fluorescent immunonanoparticles were applied to indirect fluorescent immunoassay and direct fluorescent immunoassay, respectively, for sensitive detection of L. monocytogenes …


Eliminating Listeria Monocytogenes In Packed Ready-To-Eat Poultry Products By Combining In-Package Pasteurization With Nisin And/Or Lysozyme, Sunil Mangalassary Dec 2006

Eliminating Listeria Monocytogenes In Packed Ready-To-Eat Poultry Products By Combining In-Package Pasteurization With Nisin And/Or Lysozyme, Sunil Mangalassary

All Dissertations

Listeria monocytogenes is a significant food-borne pathogen particularly associated with ready-to-eat (RTE) meat and poultry products which can grow and multiply at refrigeration temperatures. In-package pasteurization is an effective post-lethality intervention to reduce microbial contamination of RTE meat products. Enhancing the efficiency of in-package pasteurization is vital in reducing the L. monocytogenes population as well as in preserving the quality of the meat product. The first section of the dissertation research evaluated the effect of product thickness on the surface heating rate and final surface temperature during in-package pasteurization of vacuum-packaged bologna. Three thicknesses (4, 12, and 20 mm), corresponding …