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Articles 61 - 90 of 136

Full-Text Articles in Entomology

Divergent Transcriptional Responses To Low Temperature Among Populations Of Alpine And Lowland Species Of New Zealand Stick Insects (Micrarchus)., Luke T Dunning, Alice B Dennis, Brent J Sinclair, Richard D Newcomb, Thomas R Buckley Jun 2014

Divergent Transcriptional Responses To Low Temperature Among Populations Of Alpine And Lowland Species Of New Zealand Stick Insects (Micrarchus)., Luke T Dunning, Alice B Dennis, Brent J Sinclair, Richard D Newcomb, Thomas R Buckley

Biology Publications

In widespread and genetically structured populations, temperature variation may lead to among-population differentiation of thermal biology. The New Zealand stick insect genus Micrarchus contains four species that inhabit different thermal environments, two of which are geographically widespread. RNA-Seq and quantitative PCR were used to investigate the transcriptional responses to cold shock among lowland and alpine species to identify cold-responsive transcripts that differ between the species and to determine whether there is intraspecific geographical variation in gene expression. We also used mitochondrial DNA, nuclear 28S ribosomal DNA and transcriptome-wide SNPs to determine phylogeographic structure and the potential for differences in genetic …

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Influence Of Wildfire Disturbance And Post-Fire Seeding On Vegetation And Insects In Sagebrush Habitats, Ashley T. Rohde May 2014

Influence Of Wildfire Disturbance And Post-Fire Seeding On Vegetation And Insects In Sagebrush Habitats, Ashley T. Rohde

Boise State University Theses and Dissertations

Disturbance events alter community composition and structure because of differences in resistance and resilience of individual taxa, changes in habitat resulting in colonization by new taxa and alteration of biotic interaction patterns. Recent changes in disturbance types, frequencies and intensities caused by anthropogenic activities may further alter community composition and structure if these disturbances exceed the tolerances or adaptations of some taxa. In sagebrush steppe habitats of the western United States, wildfire is the current dominant disturbance type, burning millions of hectares annually. Further, up to 90% of sagebrush-steppe ecosystems are affected by anthropogenic influences such as invasive species. Post-fire …

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Ozonation Systems As A Non-Chemical Alternative For Stored Grain Protection, Carlos A. Campabadal Oct 2013

Ozonation Systems As A Non-Chemical Alternative For Stored Grain Protection, Carlos A. Campabadal

Open Access Dissertations

The use of ozone as a non-chemical alternative in stored grain protection was studied by conducting scale-up demonstrations using a fixed bed ozonation system and developing a semi-continuous counterflow and a continuous flow ozonation treatment system. The objectives of this research were to determine the efficacy of ozonation to control insect pests without affecting end-use quality; to prove the concept of the semi-continuous counterflow ozonation system to ozonate grain at a faster rate and quantify its effect on mold growth reduction; to evaluate the efficacy of a modified screw conveyor for pest control by treating grain in a continuous-flow ozonation …

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Mitochondrial Genomes Of Two Barklice, Psococerastis Albimaculata And Longivalvus Hyalospilus (Psocoptera: Psocomorpha): Contrasting Rates In Mitochondrial Gene Rearrangement Between Major Lineages Of Psocodea, Hu Li, Renfu Shao, Fan Song, Xuguo Zhou, Qianqian Yang, Zhihong Li, Wanzhi Cai Apr 2013

Mitochondrial Genomes Of Two Barklice, Psococerastis Albimaculata And Longivalvus Hyalospilus (Psocoptera: Psocomorpha): Contrasting Rates In Mitochondrial Gene Rearrangement Between Major Lineages Of Psocodea, Hu Li, Renfu Shao, Fan Song, Xuguo Zhou, Qianqian Yang, Zhihong Li, Wanzhi Cai

Entomology Faculty Publications

The superorder Psocodea has ∼10,000 described species in two orders: Psocoptera (barklice and booklice) and Phthiraptera (parasitic lice). One booklouse, Liposcelis bostrychophila and six species of parasitic lice have been sequenced for complete mitochondrial (mt) genomes; these seven species have the most rearranged mt genomes seen in insects. The mt genome of a barklouse, lepidopsocid sp., has also been sequenced and is much less rearranged than those of the booklouse and the parasitic lice. To further understand mt gene rearrangements in the Psocodea, we sequenced the mt genomes of two barklice, Psococerastis albimaculata and Longivalvus hyalospilus, the first representatives from …

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Bark Beetles, Ryan S. Davis, Darren Mcavoy Jul 2012

Bark Beetles, Ryan S. Davis, Darren Mcavoy

All Current Publications

Bark beetles are one of the most destructive forest pests in the world. They are different than the larger longhorned and roundheaded/metallic woodboring beetles commonly infesting the inner wood of trees. The largest bark beetle, the red turpentine beetle (Dendroctonus valens), reaches only 8.3 mm in length. Because of their tiny size, bark beetles are not effective tree killers as individuals.

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Beneficial Predators: Predatory Mites, Ron Patterson, Ricardo Ramirez Jun 2012

Beneficial Predators: Predatory Mites, Ron Patterson, Ricardo Ramirez

All Current Publications

Predatory mites can provide natural pest control by eating unwanted pests. These beneficial mites are one way to maintain pest populations at non-damaging levels, known as biological control. By encouraging predatory mite populations, plants can be protected from excessive pest attack and damage.

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Early Embryology Of The Insect Oligotoma Saundersii (Embiidina) Using Targeted Genes As Developmental Landmarks, Omar Doria May 2012

Early Embryology Of The Insect Oligotoma Saundersii (Embiidina) Using Targeted Genes As Developmental Landmarks, Omar Doria

Theses and Dissertations - UTB/UTPA

Embiidina, or "webspinners", is a small, sexually dimorphic, polyneopterous insect order and is the only order to spin silk throughout their life cycle. Unique morphological features and the phylogenetic position of Embiidina make it an attractive subject for study of the evolution and development of the insect body plan and the origin of novel morphological features. Oligotoma saundersii is easily cultured and a viable laboratory organism. It has a fairly standard short-germ embryogenesis process requiring 453 hours at 28°C with progressive development beginning in the anterior region. Preliminary work on targeted developmental genes has yielded small portions of seven genes. …

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The Role Of Ascorbic Acid In The Plant-Herbivore Interaction, Kelly Ann Carruthers May 2012

The Role Of Ascorbic Acid In The Plant-Herbivore Interaction, Kelly Ann Carruthers

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Ascorbic acid (AsA), vitamin C, is an important molecule that is vital for both human and plant health, because it aids in the detoxification of reactive oxygen species (ROS) caused by various abiotic and biotic stresses including UV, salinity, ozone, and attack from pathogens In order to understand the role of AsA in the plant-herbivore interaction, we looked at the effects of the wound-responsive hormones, jasmonate, wounding, and herbivory on AsA content. Our study is the first to directly compare the effects of wounding and jasmonates on AsA levels in plants. We looked at the effects of wounding and methyl …

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Bumble Flower Beetle, Taun Beddes, Ryan S. Davis Dec 2011

Bumble Flower Beetle, Taun Beddes, Ryan S. Davis

All Current Publications

The bumble flower beetle (BFB) is a common member of the Scarabaeidae (scarab) beetle family. Its common name originated because adult BFB’s often fly close to the ground and emit a loud buzzing sound similar to that of a bumble bee. Larvae (grubs) and adults are often found in or near fermenting and/or decomposing organic matter.

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Corn Earworm, Diane G. Alston, Shawn Olsen, James Barnhill Dec 2011

Corn Earworm, Diane G. Alston, Shawn Olsen, James Barnhill

All Current Publications

In Utah, there are typically three generations of corn earworm (CEW) each year. The first generation of adults either come from overwintering pupae (southern and central Utah), or migrate into northern Utah. The adult moth is tannish brown with a 1 1/2 inch wingspan. The front wings are marked with a distinct dark spot in the center and darker bands near the outer margins. The hind wings are lighter tan, with a dark band along the outer margins. The male moths have green eyes. Moth flight occurs primarily on warm, overcast evenings. Moth populations can be monitored using pheromone or …

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Wolbachia Infections That Reduce Immature Insect Survival: Predicted Impacts On Population Replacement, Philip R. Crain, James W. Mains, Eunho Suh, Yunxin Huang, Philip H. Crowley, Stephen L. Dobson Oct 2011

Wolbachia Infections That Reduce Immature Insect Survival: Predicted Impacts On Population Replacement, Philip R. Crain, James W. Mains, Eunho Suh, Yunxin Huang, Philip H. Crowley, Stephen L. Dobson

Entomology Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: The evolutionary success of Wolbachia bacteria, infections of which are widespread in invertebrates, is largely attributed to an ability to manipulate host reproduction without imposing substantial fitness costs. Here, we describe a stage-structured model with deterministic immature lifestages and a stochastic adult female lifestage. Simulations were conducted to better understand Wolbachia invasions into uninfected host populations. The model includes conventional Wolbachia parameters (the level of cytoplasmic incompatibility, maternal inheritance, the relative fecundity of infected females, and the initial Wolbachia infection frequency) and a new parameter termed relative larval viability (RLV), which is the survival of infected larvae relative to …

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Establishing Lower Developmental Thresholds For A Common Blowfly: For Use In Estimating Elapsed Time Since Death Using Entomologyical Methods, Gail S. Anderson, Jodie-A. Warren Oct 2011

Establishing Lower Developmental Thresholds For A Common Blowfly: For Use In Estimating Elapsed Time Since Death Using Entomologyical Methods, Gail S. Anderson, Jodie-A. Warren

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

Forensic entomology is a science used to estimate a post-mortem interval (PMI). Larvae develop at predictable rates and the time interval for this development can be used to estimate the PMI. Environmental temperatures are not constant and fluctuate with the photoperiod. In early and late insect seasons, temperatures can drop to below threshold temperatures where development essentially ceases. Threshold temperatures differ for different species and should be determined by raising insects at the extremely low temperatures. The lower threshold temperature for Protophormia terraenovae for egg hatch is 10.3°C ; for first instar larvae to molt to second instar larvae it …

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Fall Webworm, Ryan S. Davis, Vincent P. Jones Sep 2011

Fall Webworm, Ryan S. Davis, Vincent P. Jones

All Current Publications

The fall webworm, Hyphantria cunea, is a common defoliator of ornamental and fruit trees in Utah. Starting around late July, the caterpillars, webbing, and damage become noticeable, particularly in some of the canyons adjacent to populated areas (Little Cottonwood canyon, Logan canyon, Provo canyon, etc.).

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Beneficial True Bugs: Damsel Bugs, Ricardo Ramirez, Ron Patterson Aug 2011

Beneficial True Bugs: Damsel Bugs, Ricardo Ramirez, Ron Patterson

All Current Publications

Predatory insects can provide natural pest control by eating unwanted pests. This beneficial service is known as biological control. Predatory insects are one factor that maintains pest populations at non-damaging levels. By conserving and encouraging predatory insect populations, plants can be protected from pest attack and excessive damage.

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Brown Marmorated Stink Bug, Erin Petrizzo, Diane G. Alston May 2011

Brown Marmorated Stink Bug, Erin Petrizzo, Diane G. Alston

All Current Publications

Brown marmorated stink bug (Order Hemiptera: Family Pentatomidae) (BMSB) was accidentally introduced into the eastern U.S. from Asia in the late 1990s. In 2001 it was officially identified in Pennsylvania, and has since spread along the eastern seaboard and westward into the Great Lakes region.

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Campylomma Bug Sampling Form, Usu Extension Mar 2011

Campylomma Bug Sampling Form, Usu Extension

All Current Publications

Campylomma Bug Sampling Instructions.

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Revision And Reclassification Of The Genera Of Phalacridae (Coleoptera: Cucujoidea), Matthew Gimmel Jan 2011

Revision And Reclassification Of The Genera Of Phalacridae (Coleoptera: Cucujoidea), Matthew Gimmel

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

The family Phalacridae is monographed at the genus level using modern phylogenetic and classification methods. A morphological matrix of 106 characters and 2063 base pairs of aligned 18S rDNA sequence data were analyzed both separately and in a concatenated matrix, using maximum parsimony, Bayesian methods, and maximum likelihood. The phylogenetic hypotheses were used to construct a new subfamilial classification for the family. I recognize eight subfamilies, including two described as new: Biophytinae Guillebeau 1894, Eustilbinae Guillebeau 1892, Ochrolitinae Guillebeau 1894, Olibrinae Guillebeau 1892, Olibroporinae, subfam. nov., Olibrosominae, subfam. nov., Phaenocephalinae Matthews 1899, Phalacrinae Guillebeau 1892. Twenty-eight new generic synonymies are …

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Cat-Facing Insects, Diane Alston, Michael Reding, Marion Murray Oct 2010

Cat-Facing Insects, Diane Alston, Michael Reding, Marion Murray

All Current Publications

There are a number of insects with the piercing-sucking feeding habit that can cause deformity and catfacing type injury to pome and stone fruits, including lygus bug, stink bug, and boxelder bug. Cat-facing injury is caused by puncture feeding in flower buds and fruit. The result is unsightly dimpling, deformity, and scarring of fruit. The name “cat facing” comes from the distorted fruit shape that resembles the puckered cheeks of a cat. In addition to the insects discussed in this section, some aphids and the campylomma bug can inflict similar injury.

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New Views On Strand Asymmetry In Insect Mitochondrial Genomes, Shu-Jun Wei, Min Shi, Xue-Xin Chen, Michael J. Sharkey, Cornelis Van Achterberg, Gong-Yin Ye, Jun-Hua He Sep 2010

New Views On Strand Asymmetry In Insect Mitochondrial Genomes, Shu-Jun Wei, Min Shi, Xue-Xin Chen, Michael J. Sharkey, Cornelis Van Achterberg, Gong-Yin Ye, Jun-Hua He

Entomology Faculty Publications

Strand asymmetry in nucleotide composition is a remarkable feature of animal mitochondrial genomes. Understanding the mutation processes that shape strand asymmetry is essential for comprehensive knowledge of genome evolution, demographical population history and accurate phylogenetic inference. Previous studies found that the relative contributions of different substitution types to strand asymmetry are associated with replication alone or both replication and transcription. However, the relative contributions of replication and transcription to strand asymmetry remain unclear. Here we conducted a broad survey of strand asymmetry across 120 insect mitochondrial genomes, with special reference to the correlation between the signs of skew values and …

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Chinch Bugs, Kelly Kopp, Ryan S. Davis, Ricardo A. Ramirez Sep 2010

Chinch Bugs, Kelly Kopp, Ryan S. Davis, Ricardo A. Ramirez

All Current Publications

Chinch bugs are “true bugs”. In Utah, the common chinch bug [Blissus leucopterus leucopterus (Say)], and western chinch bug (Blissus occiduus) may feed on turfgrass, especially under conditions of severe heat and drought. Coupled with under-irrigation, direct sunlight, and thick thatch, chinch bug numbers can soar from mid-summer to early fall.

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Boxelder Bug, Erin W. Hodgson, Alan H. Roe Jun 2010

Boxelder Bug, Erin W. Hodgson, Alan H. Roe

All Current Publications

Boxelder bugs are a common nuisance insect to many homeowners. Although boxelder bugs are active throughout the summer, many people don’t notice them until they start “sunning” themselves on structures, particularly the southern-facing walls. As temperatures start to decrease in the late summer and fall, large numbers of adults will move from plants and congregate on heated buildings.

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Codling Moth (Cydia Pomonella) Sampling Form, Usu Extension Jun 2010

Codling Moth (Cydia Pomonella) Sampling Form, Usu Extension

All Current Publications

Place traps in orchards when 100 degree days have accumulated or by first bloom. Check traps at least every other day (preferably daily) until biofix, and weekly until mid-September

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Cockroaches, Ryan S. Davis Jan 2010

Cockroaches, Ryan S. Davis

All Current Publications

Cockroaches are one of the most difficult structural pests to eradicate because of their ability to hide, rapid reproduction, and resistance to and avoidance of many commonly used insecticide sprays and baits. Using an integrated pest management (IPM) program can greatly increase the possibility of successful control. There are 4 cockroach species that commonly infest structures in Utah, each with a specific biology; identify invading cockroaches before you develop an IPM plan. Proper identification of any pest will allow you to understand its biology, and use it against itself!

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Bed Bugs: For Pest Control Operators, Ryan S. Davis Dec 2009

Bed Bugs: For Pest Control Operators, Ryan S. Davis

All Current Publications

Over the past decade reports of bed bug infestations (Cimicidae: Cimex lectularius) throughout North America and abroad have been on the rise. Accordingly, bed bug submissions to the Utah Plant Pest Diagnostic Lab have also been increasing.

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The Chemistry Of Lipid Signal Molecules In Insects, Sean M. Putnam Nov 2009

The Chemistry Of Lipid Signal Molecules In Insects, Sean M. Putnam

Department of Entomology: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

I report on the chemical identification of lipid signaling molecules in three species of insects and describe the chemical isolation of a bacterial product that inhibits eicosanoid biosynthesis. Chapter 2 reports that eicosanoids mediate nodulation reactions to bacterial infection in newly-emerged, but not forager honeybees. Cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase inhibitors attenuate nodulation, which is reversed in the presence of arachidonic acid. Older adult honeybees do not produce bacterial-induced nodules, and they have fewer circulating hemocytes, from which I infer that foraging honeybees express a physiological trade-off between maintaining a biologically expensive hemocytic immune system and flight activity associated with foraging. Chapters …

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Crickets, Erin W. Hodgson, Jessie Trina Sep 2008

Crickets, Erin W. Hodgson, Jessie Trina

All Current Publications

Crickets are closely related to grasshoppers and katydids, all belonging in the order Orthoptera. The family of “true crickets” is called Gryllidae, which includes more than 900 different species worldwide. In Utah, we have several species of field crickets and snowy tree crickets located throughout the state. True crickets are often confused with grasshoppers and katydids because they have similar body shapes and large hind legs for jumping.

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Carpenter Bees, Erin W. Hodgson, Jessie Trina Aug 2008

Carpenter Bees, Erin W. Hodgson, Jessie Trina

All Current Publications

Carpenter bees are large, hairy bees in the genus Xylocopa and order Hymenoptera. There are over 500 species of carpenter bees distributed worldwide. In Utah, we have two common species, X. californica and X. tabaniformis. Carpenter bees in Utah are most likely found in Washington, Kane and Garfield counties, and are rarely found in Salt Lake and Utah counties.

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Beneficial Insects: Lacewings And Antilions, Erin W. Hodgson, Jessie Trina Jul 2008

Beneficial Insects: Lacewings And Antilions, Erin W. Hodgson, Jessie Trina

All Current Publications

Lacewings and antlions are insects in the order Neuroptera. There are over 4,000 different species of lacewings and antlions throughout the world. In general, the adults have soft bodies, long antennae, and prominent eyes.

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Centipedes, Erin W. Hodgson, Paul Bingham, Alan H. Roe Jun 2008

Centipedes, Erin W. Hodgson, Paul Bingham, Alan H. Roe

All Current Publications

Centipedes are long, slender arthropods in the class Chilopoda. Centipede means “hundred feet” because they appear to have many legs. Insects, millipedes and arachnids are close relatives. Centipedes should be considered beneficial because they are exclusively predatory. They eat a wide variety of smaller invertebrates, including insects. However, centipedes may be considered a nuisance to homeowners when they are found inside.

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Clothes Moths, Erin W. Hodgson, Jessie L. Trina, Alan H. Roe Jun 2008

Clothes Moths, Erin W. Hodgson, Jessie L. Trina, Alan H. Roe

All Current Publications

Clothes moths belong to a large group of small moths in the family Tineidae. There are two species of clothes moths that are of considerable economic importance. The webbing and the casemaking clothes moths are worldwide in distribution. The larvae of clothes moths can feed on and cause damage to fabrics, furs, feathers, wool, carpets, tapestries, drapes, piano felts, upholstered furniture, animal bristled brushes, hair, fish meal found in fish food, synthetics or fabrics, such as cotton, that have been blended with wool, skins, spices, stored tobacco, old clothing, scrap piles, leather, lint, dust, paper, linen, silk, stuffed animals, blankets, …

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