Entomology Commons^™

Ecology And Behaviour Of Fruit Fly, Bactrocera Papayae In Peninsular Malaysia, Farag Abdalla Muttardi

Student Works (2000-2009)

Bactrocera ( = Dacus ) papayae bred from chillies collected from Klang (MARDI Station) and kept in laboratory cages, laid 5.6 eggs per female per day with a maximum of 34 eggs. The net egg hatchability was 46.2 % . Egg hatchability declined with age of females. The intrinsic rate of increase (r) was 0.1150 while the finite rate of increase (A) was 1.13 .The net reproductive (􀀋)was 170 female eggs per female, and generation time was 45 . The intrinsic rate of increase under laboratory conditions was similar to Bactrocera Malaysian A ( bred from Star-fruit ) and B. …

Sistem Pakar Bermultimedia Untuk Pengenalpastian Serangga, Osman Aizul Hussin

Student Works (2000-2009)

Sistem Pakar Bermultimedia untuk domain pengenalpastian serangga ,Insect Identification Expert System,(IIES ) merupakan sistem pakar untuk membantu proses pengenalpastian pangkat serangga dalam Hierarki Linnean. Sistem ini menggunakan pendekatan berorientasikan objek di mana konsep kelas dan objek akan digunakan untuk merekodkan pengetahuan ke bentuk yang akan difahami oleh sistem pakar. Strategi inferens yang digunakan ialah teknik rantaian ke hadapan di mana sistem pakar akan menghasilkan konklusi berdasarkan data-data yang diberi. Sistem pakar mempunyai ciri-ciri multimedia untuk membantu memberi panduan bagi pengguna untuk mengenal pasti ciri-ciri kunci serangga dan memberi penjelasan tentang domain di samping memberi pendekatan yang berlainan dari sistem pakar …

The Mayfly Newsletter, Peter M. Grant

The Mayfly Newsletter

The Mayfly Newsletter is the official newsletter of the Permanent Committee of the International Conferences on Ephemeroptera.

A New Elfin Butterfly (Lycaenidae: Eumaeini) From Northern China With Comments On The Nomenclature Of Palaearctic Elfins, Kurt Johnson

The Taxonomic Report of the International Lepidoptera Survey

Ahlbergia hsui, new species, is described from two specimens recently collected in China’s Nan Shan area of endemism located along the boundary of northern China with Mongolia. In discussing the new species, the historical literature concerning Palaearctic elfin butterflies is reviewed and compared to nomenclatorial usages in D’Abrera’s widely disseminated 1993 treatment of Palaearctic butterflies; 25 errors or omissions in the latter treatment are corrected.

Thermotolerance And Rapid Cold Hardening Ameliorate The Negative Effects Of Brief Exposures To High Or Low Temperatures On Fecundity In The Flesh Fly, Sarcophaga Crassipalpis, Joseph Rinehart, George Yocum, David Denlinger

Entomology Papers from Other Sources

Although the immediate effects of temperature stress are well documented, the longer-term effects of such stresses are more poorly known. In these experiments, we investigate the effects of suboptimal and supraoptimal temperatures during pharate adult development on fecundity in the flesh fly, Sarcophaga crassipalpis Macquart. A 1 h cold shock at -10°C during the red-eye pharate adult stage decreases the fecundity of both sexes. Induction of rapid cold hardening by pre-treatment at 0°C for 2 h partially prevents reproductive impairment. Heat shock of pharate adults for 1 h at 45°C also reduces fecundity in both sexes, but inducing thermotolerance by …

Discovery: The Student Journal Of Dale Bumpers College Of Agricultural, Food And Life Sciences - Volume 1 2000, Several Authors

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

No abstract provided.

Contents, Discovery Editors

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

No abstract provided.

Emergence And Reproductive Patterns In The Japanese Beetle, Popillia Japonica (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), Steven J. Van Timmeren

Masters Theses

Sex-biased emergence patterns are common in insects resulting in either protandry (males emerging before females) or protogyny (females emerging before males). The Japanese beetle, Popillia japonica Newman, has been shown to exhibit protandry but shows some characteristics of a protogynous species. For example, females mate and oviposit multiple times and this species displays last male sperm advantage. This study investigated the emergence and egg laying patterns of Japanese beetles in east-central Illinois. Although variation existed among study sites none showed protandry and overall they displayed protogyny. Females did not initiate oviposition until several days after emergence and the number of …

Influence Of Western Corn Rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) Larval Injury On Photosynthetic Rate And Vegetative Growth Of Different Types Of Maize, Mario A. Urías-López, Lance J. Meinke, Leon G. Higley, Fikru J. Haile

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

Two field experiments were conducted in 1995-1996 to determine if there are common photosynthetic and vegetative growth responses among genotypes of maize, Zea mays L., to larval western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte injury. Specific variables measured from rootworm infested and noninfested plants were midday leaf photosynthetic rate, plant growth stage, and plant height during 9-18 leaf growth stages. Three yellow-dent hybrids, five white food-grade dent hybrids, and a popcorn hybrid were included in the study. Results suggest that there may be a common negative photosynthetic response within maize to larval injury during vegetative growth stages. Transient reductions in …

In Vivo Study On Combined Toxicity Of Metarhizium Anisopliae (Deuteromycotina: Hyphomycetes) Strain Esc-1 With Sublethal Doses Of Chlorpyrifos, Propetamphos, And Cyfluthrin Against German Cockroach (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae), Pari Pachamuthu, Shripat T. Kamble

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

The effect of Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschnikoff) Sorokin strain ESC-1 alone and in combination with sublethal doses of commercial formulations of chlorpyrifos, propetamphos and cyfluthrin on mortality of CSMA strain of German cockroach, Blattella germanica (L.), was determined by conducting in vivo studies that included 3 bioassays. Spores of M. anisopliae cultured on SDAY media had germination of >90%. Based on bioassay 1, doses ranging from 0.5 to 300 ppm of chlorpyrifos and propetamphos, and 0.05 to 40 ppm of cyfluthrin were selected for bioassays 2 and 3. Cockroach mortality ranged from 5 to 20% for insecticides alone and 48 to …

Assessing Nuclear And Mitochondrial Dna Sequence Variation Within Steinernema (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae), Allen L. Szalanski, David B. Taylor, Peter G. Mullin

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

DNA sequence analysis was used to characterize the nuclear ribosomal DNA ITS1 region and a portion of the COII and 16S rDNA genes of the mitochondrial genome from Steinernema entomopathogenic nematodes. Nuclear ITS1 nucleotide divergence among seven Steinernema spp. ranged from 6 to 22%, and mtDNA divergence among five species ranged from 12 to 20%. No intraspecific variation was observed among three S. feltiae strains. Phylogenetic analysis of both nuclear and mitochondrial DNA sequences confirms the existing morphological relationships of several Steinernema species. Both the rDNA ITS1 and mtDNA sequences were useful for resolving relationships among Steinernema taxa.

Letter From The Dean, Charles J. Scifres

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

No abstract provided.

Instructions For Authors, Discovery Editors

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

No abstract provided.

Abstracts From The Student Presentations Of The Arkansas Chapter Of Gamma Sigma Delta, Discovery Editors

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

No abstract provided.

Absence Of Insect Juvenile Hormones In The American Dog Tick, Dermacentor Veriabilis (Say) (Acari: Ixodidae), And In Ornithodoros Parkeri Cooley (Acari: Argasidae), P. A. Neese, Daniel E. Sonenshine, V. L. Kallapur, C. S. Apperson, R. M. Roe

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Synganglia, salivary gland, midgut, ovary, fat body and muscle alone and in combination from the ixodid tick, Dermacentor variabilis (Say), or the argasid tick, Ornithodoros parkeri Cooley, were incubated in vitro in separate experiments with _L-[methyl-³H]methionine and farnesoic acid or with [1-¹⁴C]acetate. Life stages examined in D. variabilis were 3 and 72 h old (after ecdysis) unfed nymphs, partially fed nymphs (18 and 72 h after attachment to the host), fully engorged nymphs (2 d after detachment from host), 3 and 72 h old (after eclosion) unfed females, partially fed unmated females (12–168 …

Response Of The Tick Dermacentor Variabilis (Acari: Ixodidae) To Hemocoelic Inoculation Of Borrelia Burgdorferi (Spirochetales), Robert Johns, Daniel E. Sonenshine, Wayne L. Hynes

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

When Borrelia burgdorferi B31 low passage strain spirochetes were directly injected into the hemocoel of Dermacentor variabilis(Say) females, the bacteria were cleared from the hemocoel within < 24 h. Viable spirochetes were not found in hemolymph, salivary gland, or ovary tissues by subculturing or by IFA. The hemocyte population increased ≈6 times within the first 6 h after inoculation compared with the uninoculated controls. In contrast, the soluble total hemolymph protein content decreased inversely with the increase in hemocytes. Borreliacidal activity was demonstrated with cell-free hemolymph from D. variabilis. In vitro antimicrobial assays using hemolymph from borrelia-challenged and nonchallenged ticks resulted in 72% spirochete reductions compared with only 11.5%, respectively, within 1 h. Additional evidence of induced antimicrobial hemolymph protein activity was demonstrated by SDS-PAGE, which revealed upregulation of a lysozyme-like peptide (≈ 15 kDa) (22% increase) and the induction of a ≈ 5.8 kDa peptide in the B. burgdorferi-challenged ticks. In contrast with the nonvector borne Bacillus subtilis …

Influence Of Corn Phenology On Adult Western Corn Rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) Distribution, Stephanie J. Darnell, Lance J. Meinke, Linda J. Young

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

Field studies were designed to more clearly determine how adult western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte, population distribution patterns are altered over time by changes and contrasts in corn (Zea mays L.) plant phenology using whole-plant beetle counts as the sampling tool. In 1994, studies were conducted in a model system consisting of a late-planted corn strip placed in the middle of an early-planted cornfield. The system was replicated over three fields. Large-scale variation was modeled using trend-surface regression analysis to describe the relationship between beetle counts and distance from the center of the late-planted strip. In each …

Polymorphic Microsatellite Loci From The Lettuce Root Aphid, Pemphigus Bursarius, Nicholas Miller, A. J. Birley, G. M. Tatchell

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

Pemphigus bursarius is an occasional pest of agriculture with an annual life cycle that alternates between sexual reproduction on black poplars (Populus nigra) and parthenogenetic reproduction on the root systems of various Compositae, including lettuce. In general, aphids exhibit low allozyme variability (e.g. Tomiuk & Wöhrmann 1980), possibly as a consequence of the response of parthenogenetic lineages to natural selection (Hales et al. 1997). Microsatellite loci are typically more variable than allozymes (Tautz 1989) and are likely to provide a more informative system for the study of aphid populations.

Comparison Of Bt (Bacillus Thuringiensis Berliner) Maize And Conventional Measures For Control Of The European Corn Borer (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), Thomas L. Clark, J. E. Foster, Shripat T. Kamble, Elvis A. Heinrichs

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

Field experiments were conducted in 1997 to compare the efficacy Bt (Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner) maize hybrids and two conventional measures for control of the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hubner). Treatments consisted of transgenic Bt-maize hybrids and their non-Bt isolines, and isolines treated with a formulated Bt or permethrin insecticide. All control measures significantly reduced O. nubilalis damage in terms of tunnels per plant, length of tunneling, and larvae per plant. The following hierarchy in terms of O. nubilalis efficacy was observed: transgenic Bt > permethrin > formulated Bt > control. In most cases, transgenic Bt maize was most effective in preventing …

An Integrated Science Unit : Ants, Julia Dillehay

Graduate Research Papers

This instructional development project integrated language arts and the science areas. A print-rich environment extended content and offered models of language, thus energizing children to become actively involved in the study. Many literature genres and.related expressive activities provided children with many options for learning experiences. The focus for this science unit for grade two was on ants. A print-rich environment was provided along with computer software and access to information on the internet.

Study Of Two Species Of Bees (Apis Mellifica) And Three Types Of Beehives In And Around Chulumani (Prov. Chapare), Jose Cruz Pardo

Theses and Dissertations

In order to improve the diet of the comunarios of Chulumani, and to expect a better production of honeybee; it has been introduced the Apis mellífica cárnica queen in Apis mellífica scutellata colonies. It was also carried out comparative tests among beehives Langstroth, Schirmer and Dadant. The nucleus “S” was only used as an introduction of queens, and the nucleus “M” and “K” were utilized for the development of the colony (submúltiplos of the beehive Schirmer). The study was carried out totally at random with the experimental design with factorial arrangement, and the meaning of the comparative analysis it was …

Genetic Relationship Among Diabrotica Species (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) Based On Rdna And Mtdna Sequences, Allen L. Szalanski, Richard L. Roehrdanz, David B. Taylor

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

Corn rootworms of the genus Diabrotica (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) are the most serious pest of corn in midwestern United States. Despite their economic importance, phylogenetic relationships within the genus remain unclear. Phylogenetic analysis of five Diabrotica species and subspecies was undertaken using DNA sequences of the nuclear rDNA first internal transcribed spacer region (ITS1) and a portion of the mtDNA cytochrome oxidase I and II genes (COI/COII). Parsimony and maximum likelihood analysis indicated that southern corn rootworm is sister to banded cucumber beetle, whereas, northern corn rootworm forms a distinct clade with western and Mexican corn rootworm. ITS1 and COI/COII were …

Hydrolase And Oxido-Reductase Activities In Diuraphis Noxia And Rhopalosiphum Padi (Hemiptera: Aphididae), Xinzhi Ni, Sharron S. Quisenberry, Saowaluck Pornkulwat, James Lester Figarola, Steven R. Skoda, John E. Foster

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

Four hydrolases and five oxido-reductases were examined using native stacking polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Homogenate of Russian wheat aphid, Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko), bird cherry-oat aphid, Rhopalosiphum padi (L.), "Arapahoe" (aphid-susceptible) and "Halt" (aphid-resistant) wheat, Triticum aestivum L., and powdery mildew-infected Erysiphe graminis DC. ex Merat f. sp. tritici Em. Marchal, Arapahoe wheat leaves were assayed for enzyme activities. Pectinesterase, polygalacturonase (or pectinase), cellulase, and amylase activities were examined in the hydrolase group. Catalase, peroxidase, catechol oxidase, superoxide dismutase, and ascorbate oxidase activities were examined in the group of oxido-reductases. The two aphid species had the same hydrolases but different oxido-reductases. Although …

Differentiation Of Three Phenotypically Similar Blattella Spp.: Analysis With Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism Of Mitochondrial Dna, Pari Pachamuthu, Shripat T. Kamble, Thomas L. Clark, John E. Foster

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

Differentiation of Blattella asahinai Mizukubo, Blattella vaga Hebard, and Blattella germanica (L.) was investigated using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). DNA fragments corresponding to mitochondrial CO1,CO1/TL2(small and large fragments), and ITS2 regions were amplified using PCR. The universal primers used for amplifying mitochondrial CO1 and CO1/TL2 (small and large fragments) were CO1-J-1718/CO1- N-2191, CO1-J-2441/TL2-N-3014, and CO1-J-1751/TL2-N-3014. Amplification was observed with all primer combinations, but diagnostic patterns were found only with AluI digested amplicons of CO1 and CO1/TL2 (large fragments) regions. Both inter/intraspecific polymorphism was observed for the 517 bp CO1 region between German (A, B) and Asian …

Salinity And Shade Preferences Result In Ovipositional Differences Between Sympatric Tiger Beetle Species, W. Wyatt Hoback, Douglas A. Golick, Tina Marie Svatos, Stephen M. Spomer, Leon G. Higley

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

1. Adult tiger beetles of the genus Cicindela often co-occur within a habitat but larvae do not. Larvae are sedentary and form usually permanent burrows at the site of oviposition where they require 1-3 years for development.

2. To test niche partitioning based on ovipositional preference, the behavior of two sympatric salt marsh tiger beetles, Cicindela circumpicta and C. togata (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae), were examined.

3. In laboratory studies, female C. circumpicta and C. togata distinguished between experimental salinities, with the former preferring 4 parts per thousand (ppt) and the latter preferring 12 ppt. In the field, C. circumpicta larvae were …

Strepsipteran Parasitism Of White Leafhoppers, Cofana Spp. (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) In Lowland Rice In Côte D’Ivoire, I. O. Oyediran, A. Ndongidila, E. A. Heinrichs

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

Three tests were conducted over a 2-year period in lowland irrigated rice fields on the WARDA Research Station at Bouaké, Côte d’Ivoire, to obtain information on the strepsipteran parasitism of white leafhoppers, Cofana spectra and C. unimaculata. Rice cultivars were sampled with a sweep net to collect leafhoppers for determination of the relative abundance of the two leafhopper species and the effect of rice cultivar and rice crop age on the leafhopper populations and percent strepsipteran parasitism. Dissections of the leafhoppers were made to determine the relative number of the various parasitic stages in the leafhoppers. Cofana unimaculata populations …

Oxidative Stress Resistance: A Robust Correlated Response To Selection In Extended Longevity Lines Of Drosophila Melanogaster?, Lawrence G. Harshman, Beth A. Haberer

Lawrence G. Harshman Publications

Stress resistance is associated with longevity in Drosophila melanogaster and other model organisms used for genetic research. The present study tests for oxidative stress resistance in one set of lines selected for late-life reproduction and extended longevity. Both females and males from the selected lines were appreciably more resistant to oxidative stress than were flies from the control lines. A relative increase in oxidative stress resistance is a correlated response to selection in this laboratory selection experiment. Increased oxidative stress resistance appears to be a relatively robust correlated response to laboratory selection for late-life reproduction and extended longevity.

Biosystematics And Evolution Of The Triatominae = Biossistemática E Evolução De Triatomíneos, Christopher J. Schofield

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Library Materials

Abstract

In this paper we summarize the systematics of the 130 currently recognized species of Triatominae and the key features of their evolutionary background. There is increasing evidence that the subfamily has polyphyletic origins, with the various tribes and species groups probably arising from different reduviid lineages in relatively recent times.

Resumo

Neste trabalho resume-se a sistemática das 130 espécies de triatomíneos atualmente reconhecidas, com os elementos principais de sua evolução. Existem evidências crescentes para a origem polifilética da subfamília. As diferentes tribos e grupos de espécies que a compõem teriam surgido recentemente, a partir de diferentes linhagens de reduviídeos.

Ovipositional Behavior Of The 12-Spotted Lady Beetle, Coleomegilla Maculata: Choices Among Plant Species And Potential Factors Influencing Those Choices, Marisa Lynn Griffin

University of Kentucky Master's Theses

Coleomegilla maculata is a beneficial coccinellid commonly found in sweet cornfields in Kentucky. Previous work on C. maculata has shown an ovipositional preferencefor the weed Acalypha ostryaefolia, compared to three selected weed species and corn. Also, predation of C. maculata egg clusters on A. ostryaefolia was less compared toclusters on corn and the presence of A. ostryaefolia led to higher densities of C. maculata larvae on corn.

I determined C. maculata ovipositional preference among weed species in fieldtests using nine common weeds. I also examined ovipositional preference using just A.ostryaefolia and Abutilon theophrasti. I assessed the roles of …

The Role Of Different Components Of The Pheromone Emission Of Mature Males Of The Desert Locust, Schistocerca Gregaria (Forskâl) (Orthoptera: Acrididae) In Accelerating Maturation Of Immature Adults, Hassane Mahamat, Ahmed Hassanali, Hezekiel Odongo

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

Different blends of five chromatographically prominent components of the pheromone emission of gregarious-phase mature desert locust Schistocerca gregaria (Forskâl) (Orthoptera: Acrididae) males were bioassayed for their maturation-accelerating effects on immature counterparts. The blend of all five components, namely anisole, veratrole, benzaldehyde, phenylacetonitrile and 4-vinylveratrole was as effective as the emission from live mature males in accelerating the onset of mating in immature males. Subtraction of anisole had no significant effect but removal of any one of the other four components significantly reduced the acceleration potency of the resulting blends. The maximum reduction occurred in the absence of phenylacetonitrile which appears …