Entomology Commons^™

Quantitative Analysis Of Temperature., Moisture., And Diet Factors Affecting Insect Development, David W. Hagstrum, George A. Milliken

Entomology Papers from Other Sources

Extensive published data on the developmental times of nine species of stored-product Coleoptera in relation to temperature, moisture, and diet were described by regression equations. At most temperatures, the order of relative influence of these factors on development was temperature > moisture > diet. However, moisture and diet influenced larval development more than temperature near the optimal temperature for development of each species. Egg, larval, and pupal stage durations at 27°C averaged 15, 66, and 19% of the total developmental time, respectively, at moistures above 12%, and 12, 72, and 15% of total developmental time at moistures below 12%. Similar percentages were …

Labeling Anaphes Ovijentatus (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae)., An Egg Parasite Of Lygus Spp. (Hemiptera: Miridae)., With Rubidium, Charles G. Jackson, Allen C. Cohen, Charmaine L. Verdugo

Entomology Papers from Other Sources

The eggs of Lygus hesperus (Knight) were labeled with the element rubidium (Rb) by rearing the nymphs and maintaining the adults on diet with 100, 500, or 1,000 ppm rubidium chloride (RbCl). Anaphes ovijentatus (Crosby and Leonard), a parasite of Lygus spp. eggs, was marked with Rb concentrations above laboratory and field endogenous levels when reared from labeled eggs of Lygus adults fed diets with 500 and 1,000 ppm RbCI. Rb concentrations remained sufficiently high to distinguish labeled parasites from those collected in alfalfa fields for 4 d. The parasites that developed in eggs of L. hesperus reared on diet …

Kairomonal Stimulation Of Oviposition Into An Artificial Substrate By The Endoparasitoid Microplitis Croceipes (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), R. L. Tilden, S. M. Ferkovich

Entomology Papers from Other Sources

Preparation of an artificial oviposition substrate (AOS) from agarose and host hemolymph for oviposition by a parasitic wasp, Microplitis croceipes (Cresson), is described. Natural hosts for this endoparasitoid are larvae of Heliothis spp. Infusion of hemolymph from Heliothis zea (Boddie) into a drop of solidified agar induced females of M. croceipes to oviposit into the material. Ovipositional response to dilution of host hemolymph was determined. The factor or factors that stimulated oviposition were moderately heat sensitive, dialyzable, and unaffected by treatment with protease or pancreatic trypsin or hexane extraction. Hemolymph from Manduca sexta (L.) was less effective than H. zea …

Insect Succession In A Stored-Corn Ecosystem In Southeast Georgia, R. T. Arbogast, M. A. Mullen

Entomology Papers from Other Sources

Insect populations infesting a small bulk of corn stored in southeastern Georgia were followed for 8 yr by monthly sampling beginning 8 mo after the corn was placed in storage. The species composition of the insect community changed as the corn deteriorated. Nine species became dominant at some stage of succession. Sitotroga cerealella (Olivier) was the dominant species when the first sample was taken. It was succeeded a month later by Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.), which declined rapidly after 2 mo of dominance and died out during the third year. Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens) was dominant at various times during the first …

First Report Of A Parasitic Fly From A Red Imported Fire Ant Alate Female, Daniel P. Wojcik, D. P. Jouvenaz, C. S. Lofgren

Entomology Papers from Other Sources

A number of phorid flies are known to parasitize various life stages of bees and wasps, including reproductives (Kistner 1982). Several genera of phorids are known or assumed to be parasitic on worker ants but not on reproductives (Borgmeier 1963; Borgmeier and Prado 1975). Williams (1980) summarized the known data on phorids attacking and parasitizing fire ants sens. str., Solenopsis (Solenopsis) spp., in South America. To date, only one species is definitely known to parasitize fire ant workers, although other species are assumed to be parasitic on fire ants (Williams 1980). None of these species are present in the …

A Review Of Perlinella Banks (Plecoptera: Perlidae), Boris C. Kondratieff, Ralph F. Kirchner, Kenneth W. Stewart

Entomology Papers from Other Sources

The Nearctic stonefly genus Perlinella Banks is reviewed; three valid species are recognized. Perlinella drymo (Newman) and Perlinella ephyre (Newman) are widespread east of the Rocky Mountains, whereas Perlin ella zwicki, n. sp. (P. jumipennis of Zwick 1971), is restricted to the southeastern Coastal Plain. Perlinella jumipennis (Walsh) is replaced as a synonym of Perlinella ephyre. Keys for adults and nymphs are provided, and the nymph of P. zwicki is described for the first time. Male drumming calls of Perlin della drymo and Perlinella ephyre are described.

An Evaluation Of The Straw Itch Mite, Pyemotes Tritici, For Control Of The Red Imported Fire Ant, D. P. Jouvenaz, C. S. Lofgren

Entomology Papers from Other Sources

The straw itch mite, Pyemotes tritici (LaGreze-Fossat and Montagne) was proposed by Bruce and LeCato (1980) as a potential biological control agent for the red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta Buren.

A Naturally Occuring Teratology In The Red Imported Fire Ant, B. Michael Glancey, Clifford S. Lofgren

Entomology Papers from Other Sources

Two aberrant forms of the red imported fire ant Solenopsis invicta Buren have been reported in the literature. The first was a gyandromorph (an individual having both male and female characteristics) found by Hung (1975) and the second, an intercaste (an individual with characteristics intermediate between a worker and a female alate) by Glancey et al. (1980). We now report the finding of a new morphological form which was apparently caused by environmental factors.

Illustrated Guide To Integrated Pest Management In Rice In Tropical Asia, W. H. Reissig, Elvis A. Heinrichs, J. A. Litsinger, K. Moody, L. Fieldler, T. W. Mew, A. T. Barrion

Entomology Papers from Other Sources

In the past, farmers in tropical Asia grew traditional rice cultivars and either relied primarily on cultural, mechanical, and physical methods of pest control or practiced no pest control. Pesticide application was limited because the yield potential of traditional varieties was too low to justify additional investments. Although pests destroyed part of each crop, severe outbreaks or epidemics were rare.

The widespread introduction of high-yielding rice cultivars in Asia in the last two decades and the associated changes in production practices have improved conditions for insects, diseases, weeds, and rodents. The higher yield potential of the new rices also made …

Biochemical Evidence For Hybridization In Fire Ants, Robert K. Vander Meer, Clifford S. Lofgren, Francisco M. Alvarez

Entomology Papers from Other Sources

Hybridization in social insects has been predicted on a theoretical basis by Pearson (1983); however, it is not a commonly reported phenomenon among ants. We recently found support for this theory when we discovered unique biochemical evidence for hybridization between Solenopsis invicta Buren and Solenopsis richteri Forel, two South American fire ant species that were inadvertently introduced into the southeastern United States.

Spermatozoon In Males And Inseminated Queens Of The Imported Fire Ants, B. Michael Glancey, Clifford S. Lofgren

Entomology Papers from Other Sources

The Coulter Counter IIA, an automatic particle counter, was a fast, accurate device for counting spermatozoa in fire ants. Queens of Solenopsis invicta, the red imported fire ant (RIFA) had an average 5,669,683 ± 48,148 spermatozoa in the spermatheca two weeks after mating.

Polygynous Colonies Of The Red Imported Fire Ant In Florida, C. S. Lofgren, D. F. Williams

Entomology Papers from Other Sources

We report here the first occurrence in Florida of polygynous (multiple queen) colonies of the red imported fire ant (RIFA), Solenopsis invicta Buren. Polygynous strains of RIFA have been reported previously in Mississippi (Glancey et al. 1973 and Glancey et al. 1975), Texas (Hung et al. 1974 and Mirenda and Vinson 1982), Georgia and Louisiana (Fletcher 1983).

Introduction To The Symposium On Imported Fire Ants, Southeastern Branch, Entomological Society Of America, January 26, 1982, C. S. Lofgren

Entomology Papers from Other Sources

While there have been many exotic insect pests inadvertently introduced into the United States, only a few have had the dramatic impact that the imported fire ants (Solenopsis invicta Buren and S. richteri Forel) have had on the southern states. Certainly this is understandable to anyone who has seen their small child receiving dozens of fiery injections of venom or to a farmer who suddenly realizes that his lush verdant pasture has become the mound construction site for hundreds of colonies of fire ants, each with 100,000 to 200,000 workers who are willing to attack anyone who disturbs their …

Distributions, Densities, And Relative Abundances Of Grasshoppers (Orthoptera: Acrididae) In A Nebraska Sandhills Prairie, Anthony Joern

Entomology Papers from Other Sources

Grasshoppers (Orthoptera: Acrididae) represent a conspicuous and often important component of grassland systems (Odum et al. 1962, Smalley 1960, Sinclair 1975, Van Hook 1971, Wiegert 1965). Often, assemblages of grasshoppers are quite diverse and may, on occasion, consume a large fraction of the available vegetation (Hewitt 1977, Hewitt et al. 1976, Mitchell and pfadt 1974). As such, grasshoppers have the potential of being very important in the nutrient and energy flow in grassland ecosystems. However, to understand the impact of grasshoppers at the ecosystem level requires that the densities and fluctuations of populations as well as the species composition of …

Reduced Yield Of Soybeans In Fields Infested With The Red Imported Fire Ant, C. S. Lofgren, C. T. Adams

Entomology Papers from Other Sources

The impact of mounds of the red imported fire ant (RIFA), Solenopsis invicta Buren, on the harvest of soybeans was reported by Adams et al. (1976. J. Ga. Ent. Soc. 11(2): 167-9) and Adams et al. (1977. J. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc. 93 (3): 150-2).

Eli Lilly El-468, A New Bait Toxicant For Control Of The Red Imported Fire Ant, David F. Williams, Clifford S. Lofgren

Entomology Papers from Other Sources

Eli Lilly EL-468, a phenylenediamine, possesses the delayed-toxicity necessary for a bait toxicant to control colonies of the red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta Buren. In laboratory tests it gave delayed action over more than a 10-fold range of concentrations; in field tests, baits formulated on pregel defatted corn grits and applied at 20 and 40 g AI/ha produced as high as 86 and 91% control.

Thoracic Crop Formation Following Dealation By Virgin Females Of Two Species Of Solenopsis, B. M. Glancey, A. Glover, C. S. Lofgren

Entomology Papers from Other Sources

The enlargement of the esophagus following dealation to form a "thoracic" crop has been reported for Lasius queens by Janet (1907. Ducourtieux and Gout 149 p.), for queen ants of 5 genera by Petersen-Braun and Buschinger (1975. Insectes Sociaux 22: 51-66) and for mated and unmated queens of the red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta Buren by Glancey et al.

Identification Of Mosquitoes Of Anopheles Gambiae Species Complex A And B By Analysis Of Cuticular Components, D. A. Carlson, M. W. Service

Entomology Papers from Other Sources

Two important vectors of malaria in Africa, Anopheles gambiae and Anopheles arabiensis (Diptera: Culicidae), often occur sympatrically and cannot be distinguished morphologically. A chemical method was developed to identify individual laboratory-reared adult males or females of either species by extraction and analysis of cuticular components with gas chromatography. Statistically significant differences were seen between species when selected pairs of peaks were compared.

Observations Of Intercastes In Solenopsis Invicta Buren, B. Michael Glancey, R. K. Vander Meer, A. Glover, C. S. Lofgren

Entomology Papers from Other Sources

The red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta Buren, exhibits classical polymorphism, which is defined as the coexistence of 2 or more functionally different castes of the same sex (Wilson 1971). The 2 basic castes are the worker and the female sexuals.

Specificity Of The Trail Pheromones Of Four Species Of Fire Ants, D. P. Jouvenaz, C. S. Lofgren, D. A. Carlson, W. A. Banks

Entomology Papers from Other Sources

The species specificity of trail pheromones of fire ants, Solenopsis spp., has been studied by Wilson (1962; Anim. Behav. 10: 137-47) and Barlin, Blum, and Brand (1976; J, Insect Physiol. 22: 839-44). Our study, stimulated by taxonomic advances since Wilson's work and conducted concurrently with that of Barlin et al., is presented here to confirm and supplement the latters' observations, and to report some differences in results.

Sex Pheromone Of The Tsetse Fly: Isolation, Identification, And Synthesis Of Contact Aphrodisiacs, D. A. Carlson, P. A. Langley, P. Huyton

Entomology Papers from Other Sources

Sex pheromones isolated from the cuticle of the female tsetse fly, Glossina morsitans morsitans Westwood, release mating behavior in the malefly at ultra- short range or upon contact with baited decoys. Three active components were iden- tified as 15,19-dimethylheptatriacontane, 17,21-dimethylheptatriacontane, and 15,19,23-trimethylheptatriacontane. Chemical and biological comparisons show that the natural and synthetic compounds are identical.

Genetic Method For The Preferential Elimination Of Females Of Anopheles Albimanus, J. A. Seawright, P. E. Kaiser, D. A. Dame, C. S. Lofgren

Entomology Papers from Other Sources

Recent field experiments demonstrated the possibility of using the sterile male method for the control of Anopheles albimanus Wiedemann, the most impor- tant vector of human malaria in Central America. Until now there was no practical method for excluding females from the releases of sterile males. A genetic method was developed for the preferential elimination of females during any of the four life stages. This genetic sexing system utilizes propoxur (o-isopropoxyphenyl methyl- carbamate) susceptibility as a recessive conditional lethal, a T(Y:2R) translocation, and an In(2R) inversion. The propoxur resistance allele (dominant) was linked to the Y chromosome via a radiation-induced …

Antioxidants For Corncob Grit-Soybean Oil Bait Used To Control Imported Fire Ants, D. P. Jouvenaz, W. A. Banks, C. S. Lofgren, D. M. Hicks

Entomology Papers from Other Sources

Antioxidants were evaluated for their potential for retarding the development of rancidity, a major factor affecting field life of fire ant bait. In a modification of the method of Lofgren et al. (1961. Imported fire ant toxic bait studies: the evaluation of various food materials.

Sex Attractant Pheromone Of The House Fly: Isolation, Identification And Synthesis, D. A. Carlson, M. S. Mayer, D. L. Silhacek, J. D. James, Morton Beroza, B. A. Bierl

Entomology Papers from Other Sources

A sex pheromone isolated from the cuticle and feces of the female house fly attracts the male fly; it has been identified as (Z)-9-tricosene. Chemical and biological comparisons of the natural and synthesized compounds show that they are identical.

Screening Of Chemosterilants Against The Southern House Mosquito Culex Pipiens Quinquefasciatus, M. D. Boston, R. S. Patterson, C. S. Lofgren

Entomology Papers from Other Sources

In view of the current interest in the use of sterile males to control or eradicate some species of mosquitoes, information is needed about chemicals or other methods that induce sterility in these insects. Thus, at the Insects Affecting Man Investigations Laboratory at Gainesville, Fla., we have begun to evaluate the sterilizing effect of chemicals on the southern house mosquito, Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus Say.

Suppression And Elimination Of An Island Population Of Culex Pipiens Quinquefasciatus With Sterile Males, R. S. Patterson, D. E. Weidhaas, H. R. Ford, C. S. Lofgren

Entomology Papers from Other Sources

The release of 8,400 to 18,000 males per day of Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus Say which had been exposed to a sterilizing agent (thiotepa), suppressed and eliminated an indigenous population of this mosquito on an island off the cost of Florida in a 10 week period. Sterile males were effective in seeking out and mating with females on the island.

The Sterile-Male Technique For Control Of Mosquitos: A Field Cage Study With Anopheles Quadrimaculatus, R. S. Patterson, C. S. Lofgren, M. D. Boston

Entomology Papers from Other Sources

The use of sterile males to control a cage population of a laboratory strain of Anopheles quadrimaculatus was not successful, even though 80 to 90% of the females laid sterile egg clutches. At the ratio of sterile males to normal males being used, complete sterility should have been quickly achieved. Subsequent studies of the survival and sexual vigor of these sterile males indicated that only a small number, about 5%, of the released males were actually competing with normal males for the uninseminated females. Thus, until a more hardy and sexually vigorous male A. quadrimaculatus can be reared in the …

Melathion, Naled, Fenthion, And Bayer 39007 Thermal Fogs For Control Of The Stable Fly, Gary A. Mount, C. S. Lofgren, James B. Gahan

Entomology Papers from Other Sources

The stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans (L.), or dog fly, as it is commonly called in northwest Florida, has been a serious nuisance in that area for many years. Blakeslee (1945) found that DDT gave effective control when it was applied as a residual spray to larval breeding areas in marine grass deposits. However, in recent years this method has not provided the degree of control necessary. As a result, large numbers of adult flies have at times seriously affected the tourist industry of northwest Florida. On the basis of our work, and that of others, with thermal fogs for mosquito …

Dual Low Dosage Applications Of Heptachlor For Control Of The Imported Fire Ant, C. S. Lofgren, C. E. Stringer, Jr., F. J. Bartlett, W. A. Banks, W. F. Barthel

Entomology Papers from Other Sources

Control of the imported fire ant, Solenopsis saevissima richteri (Forel), with two applications of heptachlor at dosages of 1/4 or 1/2 pound per acre applied at intervals of 3 or 6 months was reported by Lofgren et al. (1961). Murphy et al. (1962) reported that soil residue following two successive 1/4 pound per acre treatments of heptachlor is equivalent after 10 months to the residue following a single 1 pound per acre treatment.

Chlorinated Insecticides Fate In Aqueous Suspensions Containing Mosquito Larvae, M. C. Bowman, C. S. Lofgrens, Fred Acree, Jr., Morton Beroza

Entomology Papers from Other Sources

Aldrin, p,p’-DDT, dieldrin, gamma chlordane, heptachlor, heptachlor epoxide, 1-hydroxychlordene, and lindane were biassayed against larvae of Anopheles quadrimaculaus Say; the remnant amounts of insecticide and metabolites in larvae and medium were determined by electron-affinity gas chromatography. The insecticides were surprisingly nonpersistant at concentrations normally sued.