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Articles 481 - 510 of 1129

Full-Text Articles in Entomology

Minerals Content Of Extruded Fish Feeds Containing Cricket (Acheta Domesticus) And Black Soldier Fly Larvae (Hermetia Illucens) Fractions, F. G. Irungu, C. M. Mutungi, A. K. Faraj, H. Affognon, C. Tanga, S. Ekesi, D. Nakimbugwe, K. K.M. Fiaboe Jun 2018

Minerals Content Of Extruded Fish Feeds Containing Cricket (Acheta Domesticus) And Black Soldier Fly Larvae (Hermetia Illucens) Fractions, F. G. Irungu, C. M. Mutungi, A. K. Faraj, H. Affognon, C. Tanga, S. Ekesi, D. Nakimbugwe, K. K.M. Fiaboe

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Animal food sources provide human beings with minerals considerably in adequate quantities. Fish is an indispensable reliable source of nutrients, as aquaculture is a sector that is fast growing and which provides 50% of the world’s fish production. However, fish production is hampered by the increasing costs of feeds due to the ever rising cost of fish meal, an integral component of fish feeds. Substituting fish meal with cheap, yet highly nutritious ingredients in fish feeds is therefore paramount. This study investigated the effects of substituting fish meal with adult cricket meal (ACM) and black soldier fly meal (BSFM) on …

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Prediction Of Insect Pest Distribution As Influenced By Elevation: Combining Field Observations And Temperature-Dependent Development Models For The Coffee Stink Bug, Antestiopsis Thunbergii (Gmelin), Abdelmutalab G.A. Azrag, Christian W.W. Pirk, Abdullahi A. Yusuf, Fabrice Pinard, Saliou Niassy, Gladys Mosomtai, Régis Babin Jun 2018

Prediction Of Insect Pest Distribution As Influenced By Elevation: Combining Field Observations And Temperature-Dependent Development Models For The Coffee Stink Bug, Antestiopsis Thunbergii (Gmelin), Abdelmutalab G.A. Azrag, Christian W.W. Pirk, Abdullahi A. Yusuf, Fabrice Pinard, Saliou Niassy, Gladys Mosomtai, Régis Babin

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The antestia bug, Antestiopsis thunbergii (Gmelin 1790) is a major pest of Arabica coffee in Africa. The bug prefers coffee at the highest elevations, contrary to other major pests. The objectives of this study were to describe the relationship between A. thunbergii populations and elevation, to elucidate this relationship using our knowledge of the pest thermal biology and to predict the pest distribution under climate warming. Antestiopsis thunbergii population density was assessed in 24 coffee farms located along a transect delimited across an elevation gradient in the range 1000–1700 m asl, on Mt. Kilimanjaro, Tanzania. Density was assessed for three …

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When It Looks And Walks Like An Ant, Fiona R. Cross, Robert R. Jackson Jun 2018

When It Looks And Walks Like An Ant, Fiona R. Cross, Robert R. Jackson

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Some jumping spiders (family Salticidae) bear a striking resemblance to ants, a dangerous type of prey, both in terms of their appearance and in terms of how they move. Recent research has taken important steps toward determining whether predators categorize these spiders as ants on the basis of the way they move.

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Sticky Small Target: An Effective Sampling Tool For Tsetse Fly Glossina Fuscipes Fuscipes Newstead, 1910, Njelembo J. Mbewe, Rajinder K. Saini, Baldwyn Torto, Janet Irungu, Abdullahi A. Yusuf, Christian W.W. Pirk Apr 2018

Sticky Small Target: An Effective Sampling Tool For Tsetse Fly Glossina Fuscipes Fuscipes Newstead, 1910, Njelembo J. Mbewe, Rajinder K. Saini, Baldwyn Torto, Janet Irungu, Abdullahi A. Yusuf, Christian W.W. Pirk

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BACKGROUND: Small targets comprising panels of blue and insecticide-treated black netting material each 0.25 × 0.25 m have been shown to attract and kill Glossina fuscipes fuscipes Newstead, 1910 (Diptera: Glossinidae) thereby reducing its population density by over 90% in field trials. However, their attractive ability has not been fully exploited for sampling purposes. Therefore, in this study we assessed the effectiveness of using sticky small targets as sampling tools for G. f. fuscipes in western Kenya. We also determined the influence of colour on the landing response of female and male flies on sticky small targets.

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Compounds Extracted From Heads Of African Stingless Bees (Hypotrigona Species) As A Prospective Taxonomic Tool, N. N. Ndungu, N. Kiatoko, D. K. Masiga, S. K. Raina, C. W.W. Pirk, A. A. Yusuf Apr 2018

Compounds Extracted From Heads Of African Stingless Bees (Hypotrigona Species) As A Prospective Taxonomic Tool, N. N. Ndungu, N. Kiatoko, D. K. Masiga, S. K. Raina, C. W.W. Pirk, A. A. Yusuf

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Stingless bees are important pollinators of plants, and also producers of honey. Species within the African stingless bee genus Hypotrigona are difficult to differentiate due to morphological similarities. Chemical profiles of whole head extracts from workers of three Hypotrigona species: H. gribodoi, H. araujoi and H. ruspolii were studied by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. A total of 50 components belonging to six chemical classes: hydrocarbons, aldehydes, alcohols, terpenoids, steroids and fatty acids were identified. Twenty-nine compounds were found in H. araujoi, 26 in H. gribodoi and 33 in H. ruspolii head extracts. Hydrocarbons, alcohols and fatty acids were the major classes, …

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Moisture Adsorption Properties And Shelf-Life Estimation Of Dried And Pulverised Edible House Cricket Acheta Domesticus (L.) And Black Soldier Fly Larvae Hermetia Illucens (L.), E. Kamau, C. Mutungi, J. Kinyuru, S. Imathiu, C. Tanga, H. Affognon, S. Ekesi, D. Nakimbugwe, K. K.M. Fiaboe Apr 2018

Moisture Adsorption Properties And Shelf-Life Estimation Of Dried And Pulverised Edible House Cricket Acheta Domesticus (L.) And Black Soldier Fly Larvae Hermetia Illucens (L.), E. Kamau, C. Mutungi, J. Kinyuru, S. Imathiu, C. Tanga, H. Affognon, S. Ekesi, D. Nakimbugwe, K. K.M. Fiaboe

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Edible insects are part of the diets of a significant proportion of rural populations in the tropics especially Africa and Asia, and their use as source of key nutrients for better nutrition is re-emerging. Indigenously, elemental methods are used to process the insects before they are consumed or sold in retail outlets. In recent years, better knowledge of processing, packaging and storage has become necessary because of commercialisation needs. A common processing approach involves drying after a brief heat-treatment step, and then milling into a powdered product which is sold to manufacturers or consumers as ingredient for processing final products. …

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Odour And Feeding Preference Of Noctuid Moth Larvae Conditioned To Vanillin Diet And Non-Vanillin Diet, Christophe Petit, Peter Ahuya, Bruno Le Ru, Laure Kaiser-Arnauld, Myriam Harry, Paul André Calatayud Apr 2018

Odour And Feeding Preference Of Noctuid Moth Larvae Conditioned To Vanillin Diet And Non-Vanillin Diet, Christophe Petit, Peter Ahuya, Bruno Le Ru, Laure Kaiser-Arnauld, Myriam Harry, Paul André Calatayud

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It is largely accepted that larval experience influence host-plant preference of larvae. In general, larval experience with a host plant induces both an odour and feeding preference for that plant. In a previous study, exposure of three noctuid stem borer species, i.e. Sesamia nonagrioides, Busseola fusca and B. nairobica, to a vanillin-enriched medium induced an olfactory preference for the odours of this medium in the larvae of these species. Here, we checked if the exposure to a vanillin-enriched medium also induced a feeding preference for this diet. Different life stages (i.e. neonate larvae to adults) of the three species were …

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Effects Of Vector Control On The Population Structure Of Tsetse (Glossina Fuscipes Fuscipes) In Western Kenya, Njelembo J. Mbewe, Rajinder K. Saini, Baldwyn Torto, Janet Irungu, Abdullahi A. Yusuf, Christian Pirk Mar 2018

Effects Of Vector Control On The Population Structure Of Tsetse (Glossina Fuscipes Fuscipes) In Western Kenya, Njelembo J. Mbewe, Rajinder K. Saini, Baldwyn Torto, Janet Irungu, Abdullahi A. Yusuf, Christian Pirk

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Displacement rates of tsetse affect performance of targets during vector control. Fly size, one of the indicators of population structure usually obtained from wing measurement, is among the determinants of displacement rates. Although recovery of tsetse in previous intervention areas has been widely reported, the population structure of tsetse that recover is rarely evaluated despite being associated with displacements rates. Previously, intervention trials had reduced tsetse densities by over 90% from >3 flies/trap/day to <1fly/trap/day on Big Chamaunga and Manga islands of Lake Victoria in western Kenya. In this study, we assessed the recovery in densities of Glossina fuscipes fuscipes on the two islands and evaluated the effects vector control might have on the population structure. A before and after intervention study was undertaken on four islands of Lake Victoria in western Kenya; Small and Big Chamaunga, Manga and Rusinga Islands, two of which tsetse control intervention had previously been undertaken. Three years after intervention average G. f. fuscipes catches in biconical traps were estimated on each island. Wing centroid size (CS) (a measurement of fly size) and shape, indicators of the population structure of flies from the four islands were compared using geometric morphometric analyses. CS and shape of available female but not male tsetse wings obtained before the intervention trial on Big and Small Chamaunga islands were compared with those from the same islands after the intervention trial. G. f. fuscipes apparent density on the previous intervention islands were>9 flies/trap/day. Irrespective of sex, wing shape did not isolate tsetse based on their islands of origin. The fly size from Big and Small Chamaunga did …

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A Climate-Adapted Push-Pull System Effectively Controls Fall Armyworm, Spodoptera Frugiperda (J E Smith), In Maize In East Africa, Charles A.O. Midega, Jimmy O. Pittchar, John A. Pickett, Girma W. Hailu, Zeyaur R. Khan Mar 2018

A Climate-Adapted Push-Pull System Effectively Controls Fall Armyworm, Spodoptera Frugiperda (J E Smith), In Maize In East Africa, Charles A.O. Midega, Jimmy O. Pittchar, John A. Pickett, Girma W. Hailu, Zeyaur R. Khan

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Fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J E Smith), an economically important pest native to tropical and sub-tropical America has recently invaded Africa, causing substantial damage to maize and other crops. We evaluated functionality of a companion cropping system, ‘climate-adapted push-pull’, developed for control of cereal stemborers in drier agro-ecologies, as an added tool for the management of fall armyworm. The technology comprises intercropping maize with drought-tolerant greenleaf desmodium, Desmodium intortum (Mill.) Urb., and planting Brachiaria cv Mulato II as a border crop around this intercrop. Protection to maize is provided by semiochemicals that are emitted by the intercrop that repel (push) …

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Sweet Attraction: Sugarcane Pollen-Associated Volatiles Attract Gravid Anopheles Arabiensis, Betelehem Wondwosen, Göran Birgersson, Habte Tekie, Baldwyn Torto, Rickard Ignell, Sharon R. Hill Feb 2018

Sweet Attraction: Sugarcane Pollen-Associated Volatiles Attract Gravid Anopheles Arabiensis, Betelehem Wondwosen, Göran Birgersson, Habte Tekie, Baldwyn Torto, Rickard Ignell, Sharon R. Hill

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Background: Anopheles arabiensis is a key vector for the transmission of human malaria in sub-Saharan Africa. Over the past 10,000 years, humans have successfully cultivated grasses and altered the landscape, creating An. arabiensis favourable environments that contain excellent habitats for both larvae and adults. Sugarcane is the most expanding agricultural system in sub-Saharan Africa, and is linked to the increased threat of malaria in rural communities. The prolific production and wind dispersal of sugarcane pollen, together with standing pools of water, often provide, as a result of irrigation, a nutrient-rich environment for the offspring of gravid malaria mosquitoes. Results: In …

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Host Plant Forensics And Olfactory-Based Detection In Afro-Tropical Mosquito Disease Vectors, Vincent O. Nyasembe, David P. Tchouassi, Christian W.W. Pirk, Catherine L. Sole, Baldwyn Torto Feb 2018

Host Plant Forensics And Olfactory-Based Detection In Afro-Tropical Mosquito Disease Vectors, Vincent O. Nyasembe, David P. Tchouassi, Christian W.W. Pirk, Catherine L. Sole, Baldwyn Torto

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The global spread of vector-borne diseases remains a worrying public health threat, raising the need for development of new combat strategies for vector control. Knowledge of vector ecology can be exploited in this regard, including plant feeding; a critical resource that mosquitoes of both sexes rely on for survival and other metabolic processes. However, the identity of plant species mosquitoes feed on in nature remains largely unknown. By testing the hypothesis about selectivity in plant feeding, we employed a DNA-based approach targeting trnH-psbA and matK genes and identified host plants of field-collected Afro-tropical mosquito vectors of dengue, Rift Valley fever …

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Influence Of The Host Plant On The Encyrtid Aenasius Bambawalei, A Parasitoid Used To Control The Cotton Mealybug, Phenacoccus Solenopsis, In Pakistan, Hayat Badshah, Farman Ullah, Paul André Calatayud, Hidayat Ullah, Bashir Ahmad Feb 2018

Influence Of The Host Plant On The Encyrtid Aenasius Bambawalei, A Parasitoid Used To Control The Cotton Mealybug, Phenacoccus Solenopsis, In Pakistan, Hayat Badshah, Farman Ullah, Paul André Calatayud, Hidayat Ullah, Bashir Ahmad

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The mealybug Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Sternorrhyncha: Pseudococcidae) is a highly polyphagous pest of fruits, vegetables, crops and ornamentals in Pakistan. Biological control approach by using Aenasius bambawalei Hayat (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) has been developed recently to control this pest. However, the efficiency of this parasitoid is variable according to the locality and the plants on which P. solenopsis is feeding. In this context, this experiment investigated under field and laboratory conditions the influence of the host plant of P. solenopsis on the parasitism success and the female fitness of A. bambawalei, Five plant species, commonly found to be host of P. …

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Interspecific Competition Between Egg Parasitoids: Native Fopius Caudatus And Exotic Fopius Arisanus, In Ceratitis Cosyra, Miriam Frida Karlsson, Espérantos O. De Souza, Pascal M. Ayelo, Joseph Ayomidé Zannou, Gbelidji Souvenir Blaise Mègnigbèto, Aimé H. Bokonon-Ganta Feb 2018

Interspecific Competition Between Egg Parasitoids: Native Fopius Caudatus And Exotic Fopius Arisanus, In Ceratitis Cosyra, Miriam Frida Karlsson, Espérantos O. De Souza, Pascal M. Ayelo, Joseph Ayomidé Zannou, Gbelidji Souvenir Blaise Mègnigbèto, Aimé H. Bokonon-Ganta

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Tephritidae fruit flies are parasitized by Braconidae wasps, of which some are used in biological control programs. Releases of exotic parasitoids might affect, or be affected by, native species exploiting a common host. We studied interspecific competition between the native African parasitoid Fopius caudatus (Szépligeti) and the exotic Asian parasitoid Fopius arisanus (Sonan) (both Hymenoptera: Braconidae) in African native Ceratitis cosyra Walker (Diptera: Tephritidae). Wasp behaviour on infested fruits and dissection of fruit fly eggs assessed acceptance, oviposition performance and suitability for egg development, parasitism, and effect of parasitism by heterospecific species. While F. arisanus outcompeted F. caudatus in parasitization …

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Datasets For Mapping Pastoralist Movement Patterns And Risk Zones Of Rift Valley Fever Occurrence, Gladys Mosomtai, Magnus Evander, Charles Mundia, Per Sandström, Clas Ahlm, Osama Ahmed Hassan, Olivia Wesula Lwande, Moses K. Gachari, Tobias Landmann, Rosemary Sang Feb 2018

Datasets For Mapping Pastoralist Movement Patterns And Risk Zones Of Rift Valley Fever Occurrence, Gladys Mosomtai, Magnus Evander, Charles Mundia, Per Sandström, Clas Ahlm, Osama Ahmed Hassan, Olivia Wesula Lwande, Moses K. Gachari, Tobias Landmann, Rosemary Sang

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Rift Valley fever (RVF) is a zoonotic disease affecting humans and animals. It is caused by RVF virus transmitted primarily by Aedes mosquitoes. The data presented in this article propose environmental layers suitable for mapping RVF vector habitat zones and livestock migratory routes. Using species distribution modelling, we used RVF vector occurrence data sampled along livestock migratory routes to identify suitable vector habitats within the study region which is located in the central and the north-eastern part of Kenya. Eleven herds monitored with GPS collars were used to estimate cattle utilization distribution patterns. We used kernel density estimator to produce …

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Responses Of The Ambrosia Beetle Xylosandrus Compactus (Coleoptera: Curculionidea: Scolytinae) To Volatile Constituents Of Its Symbiotic Fungus Fusarium Solani (Hypocreales: Nectriaceae), James Peter Egonyu, Baldwyn Torto Feb 2018

Responses Of The Ambrosia Beetle Xylosandrus Compactus (Coleoptera: Curculionidea: Scolytinae) To Volatile Constituents Of Its Symbiotic Fungus Fusarium Solani (Hypocreales: Nectriaceae), James Peter Egonyu, Baldwyn Torto

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Xylosandrus compactus is a polyphagus pest that cultivates a symbiotic fungus Fusarium solani in tunnels of host plants for food and is a major threat to coffee production in East Africa. We hypothesized that the female X. compactus, which is the only sex capable of flying to attack its hosts, is attracted to volatiles from F. solani. We investigated responses of females to volatiles released by fungal cultures and bioactive components identified in the fungal volatiles. In Y-tube olfactometer assays, ~68% of females were attracted to volatiles emitted from F. solani over clean air. Bioactive compounds were identified in the …

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Four-Horned Wasps, Description Of Some Remarkable Dirhinus (Hymenoptera, Chalcididae) From Kenya, With A Discussion Of Their Taxonomic Placement, Gérard Delvare, Robert S. Copeland Jan 2018

Four-Horned Wasps, Description Of Some Remarkable Dirhinus (Hymenoptera, Chalcididae) From Kenya, With A Discussion Of Their Taxonomic Placement, Gérard Delvare, Robert S. Copeland

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Five new species belonging to Dirhinus Dalman are described: D. quadrhinus Delvare sp. nov., D. gigasetosus Delvare sp. nov., D. kambae Delvare sp. nov., D. maasaii Delvare sp. nov. and D. leakeyorum Delvare sp. nov. These species belong to the newly defined and characterized quadrhinus species group, included in the subgenus Dirhinus of Dirhinus Dalman. Evidence for this taxonomic placement is provided despite the distinctive morphology exhibited by the relevant species. The himalayanus, claviger, anthracia and hesperidum groups, also included in subgenus Dirhinus, are similarly defined and characterized and lists of the relevant described species are provided. A key to …

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The Family Ismaridae Thomson (Hymenoptera, Diaprioidea): First Record For The Afrotropical Region With Description Of Fourteen New Species, Chang Jun Kim, Robert S. Copeland, David G. Notton Jan 2018

The Family Ismaridae Thomson (Hymenoptera, Diaprioidea): First Record For The Afrotropical Region With Description Of Fourteen New Species, Chang Jun Kim, Robert S. Copeland, David G. Notton

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The family Ismaridae Thomson, 1858 is reported from the Afrotropical region for the first time. A total of 15 species are recognised, 14 of which are described as new: Ismarus africanus sp. n. from Cameroon, Kenya, Malawi, South Africa; I. apertus sp. n. from Kenya; I. bicolor sp. n. from Cameroon, Kenya; I. goodrichi sp. n. from Kenya; I. kakamegensis sp. n. from Kenya; I. kenyensis sp. n. from Kenya; I. laevigatus sp. n. from South Africa; I. madagascariensis sp. n. from Madagascar; I. minutus sp. n. from Kenya, Malawi, Zimbabwe; I. nigrofasciatus sp. n. from Malawi, Uganda; I. notaulicus …

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Proximate Composition And In Vitro Protein Digestibility Of Extruded Aquafeeds Containing Acheta Domesticus And Hermetia Illucens Fractions, F. G. Irungu, C. M. Mutungi, A. K. Faraj, H. Affognon, S. Ekesi, D. Nakimbugwe, K. K.M. Fiaboe Jan 2018

Proximate Composition And In Vitro Protein Digestibility Of Extruded Aquafeeds Containing Acheta Domesticus And Hermetia Illucens Fractions, F. G. Irungu, C. M. Mutungi, A. K. Faraj, H. Affognon, S. Ekesi, D. Nakimbugwe, K. K.M. Fiaboe

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Major protein sources for feed manufacture have become costly, and this has led to increased cost of products such as aquafeeds. This has dampening effect on fish production especially in developing countries, and has necessitated a search for alternative protein sources in processed feeds. The effects of extrusion on aquafeed blends containing fractions of adult cricket (Acheta domesticus) meal (ACM) or black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) pre-pupae meal (BSFM) on proximate composition and in vitro protein digestibility were investigated. Extrusion resulted in higher contents of protein and nitrogen free extract, and lower contents of ether extract and crude fibre as …

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Suitability Of Egg Hatching Conditions And Commonly Available Food Plants For Rearing The Long-Horned Grasshopper Ruspolia Differens Serville (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae), G. Ssepuuya, C. M. Tanga, I. Yekko, F. Sengendo, C. T. Ndagire, K. K.M. Fiaboe, J. Karungi, D. Nakimbugwe Jan 2018

Suitability Of Egg Hatching Conditions And Commonly Available Food Plants For Rearing The Long-Horned Grasshopper Ruspolia Differens Serville (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae), G. Ssepuuya, C. M. Tanga, I. Yekko, F. Sengendo, C. T. Ndagire, K. K.M. Fiaboe, J. Karungi, D. Nakimbugwe

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Efforts to promote sustainable production and processing of Ruspolia differens Serville (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) as a viable agribusiness model for enhancing food and nutrition security have gained momentum. However, the inexistence of rearing techniques adapted to this insect creates uncertainty regarding the effectiveness of up-scaling production. This study evaluated the effect of five temperatures (26, 28, 30, 32 and 34 °C) on egg development time, percentage hatchability and nymphal weight at hatching. It also evaluated the average weekly wet weight attained by R. differens and percentage survival during growth when reared at 30 °C on four different food plant diets. The …

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Insect Net: A Novel Technology To Promote Integrated Pest Management On Horticultural Crops In Africa, T. Martin, M. Saidi, S. Niassy, S. Simon, F. Vidogbena, L. Parrot, S. Ekesi, E. Deletre, S. Subramanian, F. Assogba-Komlan, V. Baird, K. K.M. Fiaboe, M. Ngouajio, J. E. Simon, A. Ratnadass Jan 2018

Insect Net: A Novel Technology To Promote Integrated Pest Management On Horticultural Crops In Africa, T. Martin, M. Saidi, S. Niassy, S. Simon, F. Vidogbena, L. Parrot, S. Ekesi, E. Deletre, S. Subramanian, F. Assogba-Komlan, V. Baird, K. K.M. Fiaboe, M. Ngouajio, J. E. Simon, A. Ratnadass

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Fruits and vegetables are important commodities in global agriculture. However, in sub-Saharan Africa, production is sub-optimal in terms of yield, quality and environmental health practices due to several constraints such as insect pests which reduce yields through direct damage, or indirectly as disease vectors often promoting microbial diseases. Pest control still relies mainly on chemicals with their associated risks of resistance selection and toxicity to humans and environment. Several alternatives including biopesticides, semiochemical and nets are being explored in pest management. Insect nets applied on tomatoes, cabbages, beans and leafy vegetables protect them from flies, butterflies, moths, albeit to a …

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Effects Of Waste Stream Combinations From Brewing Industry On Performance Of Black Soldier Fly, Hermetia Illucens (Diptera: Stratiomyidae), Shaphan Y. Chia, Chrysantus M. Tanga, Isaac M. Osuga, Samira A. Mohamed, Fathiya M. Khamis, Daisy Salifu, Subramanian Sevgan, Komi K.M. Fiaboe, Saliou Niassy, Joop J.A. Van Loon, Marcel Dicke, Sunday Ekesi Jan 2018

Effects Of Waste Stream Combinations From Brewing Industry On Performance Of Black Soldier Fly, Hermetia Illucens (Diptera: Stratiomyidae), Shaphan Y. Chia, Chrysantus M. Tanga, Isaac M. Osuga, Samira A. Mohamed, Fathiya M. Khamis, Daisy Salifu, Subramanian Sevgan, Komi K.M. Fiaboe, Saliou Niassy, Joop J.A. Van Loon, Marcel Dicke, Sunday Ekesi

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Background: In recent years, there has been a rapidly growing demand for readily accessible substrates for mass production of Black Soldier Fly, Hermetia illucens Linnaeus. Beer production results in various by-products that typically end up in uncontrolled dumpsites constituting pollution problems, which merits urgent attention. The present study investigated whether the 12 formulated diets composed of brewers’ spent grains (BSGs), brewers’ yeast and cane molasses can serve as substrate for H. illucens production. Methods: Four different BSGs were selected and formulated into 12 diets, aiming at varying protein and net energy levels. The diets were offered to newly hatched (∼1 …

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Morphological Re-Description And Molecular Identification Of Tabanidae (Diptera) In East Africa, Claire M. Mugasa, Jandouwe Villinger, Joseph Gitau, Nelly Ndungu, Marc Ciosi, Daniel Masiga Jan 2018

Morphological Re-Description And Molecular Identification Of Tabanidae (Diptera) In East Africa, Claire M. Mugasa, Jandouwe Villinger, Joseph Gitau, Nelly Ndungu, Marc Ciosi, Daniel Masiga

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Biting flies of the family Tabanidae are important vectors of human and animal diseases across continents. However, records of Africa tabanids are fragmentary and mostly cursory. To improve identification, documentation and description of Tabanidae in East Africa, a baseline survey for the identification and description of Tabanidae in three eastern African countries was conducted. Tabanids from various locations in Uganda (Wakiso District), Tanzania (Tarangire National Park) and Kenya (Shimba Hills National Reserve, Muhaka, Nguruman) were collected. In Uganda, octenol baited F-traps were used to target tabanids, while NG2G traps baited with cow urine and acetone were employed in Kenya and …

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Relationship Between New Farming Practices And Chemical Use And The Consumption Of Giant Cricket (Brachytrupes Membranaceus Drury, 1770), F. O. Miantsia, F. Meutchieye, S. Niassy Jan 2018

Relationship Between New Farming Practices And Chemical Use And The Consumption Of Giant Cricket (Brachytrupes Membranaceus Drury, 1770), F. O. Miantsia, F. Meutchieye, S. Niassy

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The current work is aimed at generating information on giant crickets and the impact of commonly used pesticides on the natural population of these crickets. Data was collected based on interviews and complemented with field observations. Out of 319 respondents surveyed, 290 were aware of the use of the giant cricket as a food source, and 161 were active consumers. Regarding the availability of the giant cricket, respondents reported that the crickets' populations were diminishing because of farming practices. About 219 persons reported that commonly used herbicides harm giant crickets at different stages. This could be attributed to the scarcity …

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The Fall Armyworm Endemic: Contriving The Perspicacity In The Outbreak Of Fall Armyworm (Spodoptera Frugiperda) In Relation To Push-Pull Technology, Nicholas O. Ogot Jan 2018

The Fall Armyworm Endemic: Contriving The Perspicacity In The Outbreak Of Fall Armyworm (Spodoptera Frugiperda) In Relation To Push-Pull Technology, Nicholas O. Ogot

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Fall armyworm (FAW) is a moth native to tropical and subtropical regions of the Americas whose larva causes damage to crops. As of May 23, 2017 it has affected more than 143,000 hectares of land in major maize- and wheat-producing counties in Kenya. In response to its severity, this study was conducted to determine the perception of farmers in respect to; the challenges they faced through FAW endemic; the differences depicted between FAW and stemborers; and strategies farmers apply to attempt controlling them. This study was descriptive, and it was conducted in Homabay and Migori using a sample size of …

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Diapause Disruption In Cirina Butyrospermi Vuillet (Lepidoptera, Attacidae), The Shea Caterpillar, In Burkina Faso, H. B. Bama, R. A. Dabire, D. Ouattara, S. Niassy, M. N. Ba, D. Dakouo Jan 2018

Diapause Disruption In Cirina Butyrospermi Vuillet (Lepidoptera, Attacidae), The Shea Caterpillar, In Burkina Faso, H. B. Bama, R. A. Dabire, D. Ouattara, S. Niassy, M. N. Ba, D. Dakouo

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The shea caterpillar Cirina butyrospermi is an important insect, highly valued as a human food item in Burkina Faso. However, its appearance is seasonal due to its univoltine cycle. This study therefore investigated the possibilities of breaking the nymphal diapause by changing the environmental factors and through the hormonal treatment of prepupae and pupae using bovine insulin and 20-hydroxyecdysone. Changes in humidity and temperature did not result in emergence, suggesting a mandatory nature of the diapause in C. butyrospermi. Injection of 20-hydroxyecdysone between 20 and 40 ng on 20 C. butyrospermi pupae resulted in 15.24 and 47.5% emergence, respectively. The …

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Endophytic Colonization Of Onions Induces Resistance Against Viruliferous Thrips And Virus Replication, Alexander Mutua Muvea, Sevgan Subramanian, Nguya Kalemba Maniania, Hans Michael Poehling, Sunday Ekesi, Rainer Meyhöfer Jan 2018

Endophytic Colonization Of Onions Induces Resistance Against Viruliferous Thrips And Virus Replication, Alexander Mutua Muvea, Sevgan Subramanian, Nguya Kalemba Maniania, Hans Michael Poehling, Sunday Ekesi, Rainer Meyhöfer

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In agricultural ecosystems, insect pests, pathogens, weather patterns, and reduced soil fertility pose major challenges to crop productivity and are responsible for significant yield losses worldwide. Iris yellow spot virus (IYSV) vectored by Thrips tabaci Lindeman, is a major hindrance to onion production in eastern Africa. Control measures often rely on insecticides with deleterious effects. Endophytes are one key alternative as they can play important roles in mediating induced systemic resistance. Hence, we examined the potential effect of endophytic fungus Hypocrea lixii (F3ST1) on feeding and replication of IYSV on endophyte-colonized (E+) and endophyte-free (E-) onion plants. For more precise …

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Push-Pull Farming System Controls Fall Armyworm: Lessons From Africa, Zeyaur R. Khan, Jimmy O. Pittchar, Charles A.O. Midega, John A. Pickett Jan 2018

Push-Pull Farming System Controls Fall Armyworm: Lessons From Africa, Zeyaur R. Khan, Jimmy O. Pittchar, Charles A.O. Midega, John A. Pickett

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Fall armyworm (FAW) Spodoptera frugiperda invaded Africa, with the first detections being reported in Central and Western Africa in early 2016, and now affects at least 40 countries in Africa, causing up to total crop loss amounting to over $6.2 billion p.a. FAW is an invasive polyphagous pest that causes damage to economically important crops and has recently been reported in the Indian sub-continent. Effective control of FAW through use of synthetic chemical pesticides and genetically modified crops such as Bt maize faces challenges including improper use, unaffordability by smallholder farmers and development of resistance by the pest. Additionally, dispersal …

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Influence Of Prolonged Dietary Experience During The Larval Stage On Novel Odour Preferences In Adults Of Noctuid Stem Borer Moths (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), Christophe Petit, Peter Ahuya, Bruno Le Ru, Laure Kaiser-Arnauld, Myriam Harry, Paul André Calatayud Jan 2018

Influence Of Prolonged Dietary Experience During The Larval Stage On Novel Odour Preferences In Adults Of Noctuid Stem Borer Moths (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), Christophe Petit, Peter Ahuya, Bruno Le Ru, Laure Kaiser-Arnauld, Myriam Harry, Paul André Calatayud

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In Lepidoptera, larval dietary experience of volatile cues can induce adult preference for these cues. However, such induction may require several generations, depending in part on the degree of specialization of the insects. In a previous study, using species of noctuid stem borers with different diet breadths, namely the polyphagous Sesamia nonagrioides, the oligophagous Busseola fusca and monophagous Busseola nairobica, it was shown that in S. nonagrioides, one generation was enough to induce a preference for vanillin in the resulting gravid females, whereas even two generations failed to induce a response in adults of Busseola spp. In this study, we …

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Lepidopteran Stem Borer Species Abundance And Associated Damages On Irrigated Kilombero Low Land Rice Ecosystem In Tanzania, Bonaventure January, Gration M. Rwegasira, Tadele Tefera Jan 2018

Lepidopteran Stem Borer Species Abundance And Associated Damages On Irrigated Kilombero Low Land Rice Ecosystem In Tanzania, Bonaventure January, Gration M. Rwegasira, Tadele Tefera

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Background: Rice stem borers are among the most biotic stresses of economic importance in agriculture. Little was known about stem borer problem in Tanzania prior to this study. Understanding stem borer abundance and damages would help to design appropriate stem borer integrated pest management strategy in rice. This study was aimed at investigating rice stem borer’s species abundance and their associated damages in irrigated lowland rice ecosystem in Kilombero Tanzania. Materials and Methods: Field survey study on rice stem borer abundance and incidences were conducted in farmer’s fields on selected rice varieties at varied growth stages in Kilombero district under …

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Haematology Of N’Dama And West African Shorthorn Cattle Herds Under Natural Trypanosoma Vivax Challenge In Ghana, Ebenezer Yaw Ganyo, Johnson N. Boampong, Daniel K. Masiga, Jandouwe Villinger, Paa Kobina Turkson Jan 2018

Haematology Of N’Dama And West African Shorthorn Cattle Herds Under Natural Trypanosoma Vivax Challenge In Ghana, Ebenezer Yaw Ganyo, Johnson N. Boampong, Daniel K. Masiga, Jandouwe Villinger, Paa Kobina Turkson

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Background: Animal trypanosomosis is a major cause of economic loss in livestock production in Africa. A suggested control measure is to use breeds with traits of trypanotolerance. The study examines the effect of natural Trypanosoma vivax challenge on haematological parameters in two trypanotolerant cattle [N’Dama and West African Shorthorn (WASH)] herds. Methods: Trypanosoma vivax-specific primers were used to diagnose T. vivax infection in an N’Dama herd at Cape Coast in southern Ghana and a WASH herd at Chegbani in northern Ghana from May to July 2011 in a cross-sectional study. Levels of haematological parameters comprising packed cell volume (PCV), haemoglobin …

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