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Articles 301 - 330 of 1129

Full-Text Articles in Entomology

Evaluating The Vector Competence Of Aedes Simpsoni Sl From Kenyan Coast For Ngari And Bunyamwera Viruses, James Mutisya, Michael Kahato, Francis Mulwa, Solomon Langat, Edith Chepkorir, Samuel Arum, David Tchouassi, Rosemary Sang, Joel Lutomiah Jul 2021

Evaluating The Vector Competence Of Aedes Simpsoni Sl From Kenyan Coast For Ngari And Bunyamwera Viruses, James Mutisya, Michael Kahato, Francis Mulwa, Solomon Langat, Edith Chepkorir, Samuel Arum, David Tchouassi, Rosemary Sang, Joel Lutomiah

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Background Bunyamwera(BUNV) and Ngari (NGIV) viruses are arboviruses of medical importance globally, the viruses are endemic in Africa, Aedes(Ae) aegypti and Anopheles(An) gambiae mosquitoes are currently competent vectors for BUNV and NGIV respectively. Both viruses have been isolated from humans and mosquitoes in various ecologies of Kenya. Understanding the risk patterns and spread of the viruses necessitate studies of vector competence in local vector population of Ae. simpsoni sl which is abundant in the coastal region. This study sought to assess the ability of Ae. Simpsoni sl mosquitoes abundant at the Coast of Kenya to transmit these viruses in experimental …

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Whitefly-Induced Tomato Volatiles Enhance The Virulence Of Lecanicillium Lecanii, Yongwen Lin, Jinhua Huang, Komivi S. Akutse Jul 2021

Whitefly-Induced Tomato Volatiles Enhance The Virulence Of Lecanicillium Lecanii, Yongwen Lin, Jinhua Huang, Komivi S. Akutse

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Entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) are a group of microorganisms that have potential for replacing synthetic chemical pesticides. However, EPF virulence is often insufficient, and therefore adoption of EPF biopesticides has been relatively limited. Previous studies have shown that herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) promoted the virulence of Lecanicillium lecanii, and that extracellular proteases and chitinases are important virulence factors of entomopathogenic fungi. We therefore put forward the hypothesis that HIPVs promote L. lecanii virulence by inducing extracellular protease or/and chitinase activity. Lecanicillium lecanii was treated with tomato HIPVs induced by various numbers/densities of Bemisia tabaci, the effect of HIPVs on L. lecanii …

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Effects Of Phytochemicals On Predatory Decision Making In A Spider, Ximena J. Nelson, Andrew J. Pratt, Stephen Abok Aluoch, Robert R. Jackson Jul 2021

Effects Of Phytochemicals On Predatory Decision Making In A Spider, Ximena J. Nelson, Andrew J. Pratt, Stephen Abok Aluoch, Robert R. Jackson

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Animals with small nervous systems may be prone to limitations in processing ability when confronted with a diversity of stimuli, especially if these involve multiple sensory modalities. We investigated the effect of the odour of the plant Lantana camara and its dominant volatile compound, β-caryophyllene, on the prey choice decisions of Evarcha culicivora, a jumping spider (Salticidae) that frequently visits L. camara as a site to mate and to obtain nectar. Evarcha culicivora expresses a strong preference for blood-fed female Anopheles mosquitoes as prey. We tested juvenile and adult E. culicivora in experiments involving live prey, lures made from dead …

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Biological Traits Of Wild-Caught Populations Of Aedes Aegypti In Dengue Endemic And Non-Endemic Regions Of Kenya, Caroline Wanjiku, David P. Tchouassi, Catherine L. Sole, Christian W.W. Pirk, Baldwyn Torto, Baldwyn Torto Jun 2021

Biological Traits Of Wild-Caught Populations Of Aedes Aegypti In Dengue Endemic And Non-Endemic Regions Of Kenya, Caroline Wanjiku, David P. Tchouassi, Catherine L. Sole, Christian W.W. Pirk, Baldwyn Torto, Baldwyn Torto

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Variation in vector traits can modulate local scale differences in pathogen transmission. Here, we compared seasonal variation in the wing length (proxy for body size) and energy reserves of adult wild-caught Aedes aegypti populations from a dengue endemic (Kilifi) and non-endemic (Isiolo) area of Kenya. Vector sampling in the dengue endemic site was conducted during the dry and wet seasons. In the non-endemic area, it was limited to the dry season which characterizes this ecology where sporadic or no rainfall is commonplace during the year. We found variation by site in the body size of both sexes, with an overall …

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Black Soldier Fly-Composted Organic Fertilizer Enhances Growth, Yield, And Nutrient Quality Of Three Key Vegetable Crops In Sub-Saharan Africa, Abel O. Anyega, Nicholas K. Korir, Dennis Beesigamukama, Ghemoh J. Changeh, Kiatoko Nkoba, Sevgan Subramanian, Joop J.A. Van Loon, Marcel Dicke, Chrysantus M. Tanga Jun 2021

Black Soldier Fly-Composted Organic Fertilizer Enhances Growth, Yield, And Nutrient Quality Of Three Key Vegetable Crops In Sub-Saharan Africa, Abel O. Anyega, Nicholas K. Korir, Dennis Beesigamukama, Ghemoh J. Changeh, Kiatoko Nkoba, Sevgan Subramanian, Joop J.A. Van Loon, Marcel Dicke, Chrysantus M. Tanga

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Worldwide, French beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.), and kales (Brassica oleracea L. var. acephala) are considered economically important food crops. There is a rapid decline in their yield due to severe soil degradation. Thus, high commercial fertilizer inputs are crucial, though they remain expensive and inaccessible to resource poor farmers. We investigated the comparative performance of composted black soldier fly frass fertilizer (BSFFF), conventionally composted brewer's spent grain (BSG), commercial organic fertilizer (Evergrow), and mineral [nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (NPK)] fertilizer on growth, yield, N use efficiency, and nutritional quality (crude protein, crude fiber, crude fats, ash, …

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Effect Of Technological Innovation On Gender Roles: The Case Of Fruit Fly Ipm Adoption On Women’S Decision-Making In Mango Production And Marketing In Kenya, Hannah Gichungi, Beatrice Muriithi, Patrick Irungu, Gracious Diiro, John Busienei Jun 2021

Effect Of Technological Innovation On Gender Roles: The Case Of Fruit Fly Ipm Adoption On Women’S Decision-Making In Mango Production And Marketing In Kenya, Hannah Gichungi, Beatrice Muriithi, Patrick Irungu, Gracious Diiro, John Busienei

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An increase in returns from agriculture as a result of new or improved technology is often perceived to escalate women's loss of control over agricultural production and ability to make marketing decision due to persistent gender disparities in access to production resources. The International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE) and partners have developed integrated pest management (IPM) technology to suppress mango fruit flies on smallholder mango farm in sub-Saharan Africa. Despite the impressive direct economic impacts of the technology, no study has been conducted to determine whether it has any impact on intra-household gender roles in mango production …

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Could Fall Armyworm, Spodoptera Frugiperda (J. E. Smith) Invasion In Africa Contribute To The Displacement Of Cereal Stemborers In Maize And Sorghum Cropping Systems, Girma Hailu, Saliou Niassy, Timon Bässler, Nathan Ochatum, Christoph Studer, Daisy Salifu, Mawufe K. Agbodzavu, Zeyaur R. Khan, Charles Midega, Sevgan Subramanian Jun 2021

Could Fall Armyworm, Spodoptera Frugiperda (J. E. Smith) Invasion In Africa Contribute To The Displacement Of Cereal Stemborers In Maize And Sorghum Cropping Systems, Girma Hailu, Saliou Niassy, Timon Bässler, Nathan Ochatum, Christoph Studer, Daisy Salifu, Mawufe K. Agbodzavu, Zeyaur R. Khan, Charles Midega, Sevgan Subramanian

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The fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith), which has recently invaded the African continent, has become a new threat to cereal production. Being an invasive pest with certain competitive advantages, the impact of FAW on other lepidopteran pests is unclear. This study assessed the infestation of FAW and cereal stemborers on maize and sorghum under mono-cropped systems that are adjacently placed in five districts in Uganda. Data on maize and sorghum infestation cereal stemborers and FAW was collected at 6, 9 and 16 weeks after planting (WAP), to determine intensity and severity. Cereal stemborer infestations on maize at 6, …

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Phyto-Derivatives: An Efficient Eco-Friendly Way To Manage Trogoderma Granarium (Everts) (Coleoptera: Dermestidae), Waqar Islam, Ali Noman, Komivi Senyo Akutse, Muhammad Qasim, Habib Ali, Ijaz Haider, Mohamed Hashem, Saad Alamri, Omar Mahmoud Al Zoubi, Khalid Ali Khan Jun 2021

Phyto-Derivatives: An Efficient Eco-Friendly Way To Manage Trogoderma Granarium (Everts) (Coleoptera: Dermestidae), Waqar Islam, Ali Noman, Komivi Senyo Akutse, Muhammad Qasim, Habib Ali, Ijaz Haider, Mohamed Hashem, Saad Alamri, Omar Mahmoud Al Zoubi, Khalid Ali Khan

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Worldwide, stored products are attacked by a large number of pests resulting in significant economic losses. Among these stored grain pests, khapra beetle, Trogoderma granarium (Everts) (Coleoptera: Dermestidae) is one of the top ranked pests that has ability to survive under diverse climate conditions. The management of this pest is mainly done by using synthetic chemicals which have side effects on consumers, ecosystem and non-target organisms. However, phyto-derivatives were found to be the effective environment friendly alternatives against T. granarium. Therefore, in this review, success of phyto-derivatives against khapra beetle from conventional means to modern research has been critically analyzed, …

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Bioecology Of Fall Armyworm Spodoptera Frugiperda (J. E. Smith), Its Management And Potential Patterns Of Seasonal Spread In Africa, Saliou Niassy, Mawufe Komi Agbodzavu, Emily Kimathi, Berita Mutune, El Fatih M. Abdel-Rahman, Daisy Salifu, Girma Hailu, Yeneneh T. Belayneh, Elias Felege, Henri E.Z. Tonnang, Sunday Ekesi, Sevgan Subramanian Jun 2021

Bioecology Of Fall Armyworm Spodoptera Frugiperda (J. E. Smith), Its Management And Potential Patterns Of Seasonal Spread In Africa, Saliou Niassy, Mawufe Komi Agbodzavu, Emily Kimathi, Berita Mutune, El Fatih M. Abdel-Rahman, Daisy Salifu, Girma Hailu, Yeneneh T. Belayneh, Elias Felege, Henri E.Z. Tonnang, Sunday Ekesi, Sevgan Subramanian

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Fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) has rapidly spread in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) and has emerged as a major pest of maize and sorghum in the continent. For effective monitoring and a better understanding of the bioecology and management of this pest, a Community-based Fall Armyworm Monitoring, Forecasting, Early Warning and Management (CBFAMFEW) initiative was implemented in six eastern African countries (Ethiopia, Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, Rwanda and Burundi). Over 650 Community Focal Persons (CFPs) who received training through the project were involved in data collection on adult moths, crop phenology, cropping systems, FAW management practices and other variables. Data …

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Evaluation Of Improved Coloured Targets To Control Riverine Tsetse In East Africa: A Bayesian Approach, Roger D. Santer, Michael N. Okal, Johan Esterhuizen, Steve J. Torr Jun 2021

Evaluation Of Improved Coloured Targets To Control Riverine Tsetse In East Africa: A Bayesian Approach, Roger D. Santer, Michael N. Okal, Johan Esterhuizen, Steve J. Torr

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Background Riverine tsetse (Glossina spp.) transmit Trypanosoma brucei gambiense which causes Gambian Human African Trypanosomiasis. Tiny Targets were developed for cost-effective riverine tsetse control, and comprise panels of insecticide-treated blue polyester fabric and black net that attract and kill tsetse. Versus typical blue polyesters, two putatively more attractive fabrics have been developed: Vestergaard ZeroFly blue, and violet. Violet was most attractive to savannah tsetse using large targets, but neither fabric has been tested for riverine tsetse using Tiny Targets. Methods We measured numbers of G. f. fuscipes attracted to electrified Tiny Targets in Kenya and Uganda. We compared violets, Vestergaard …

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Recent Advances Toward The Sustainable Management Of Invasive Xylosandrus Ambrosia Beetles, Antonio Gugliuzzo, Peter H.W. Biedermann, Daniel Carrillo, Louela A. Castrillo, James P. Egonyu, Diego Gallego, Khalid Haddi, Jiri Hulcr, Hervé Jactel, Hisashi Kajimura, Naoto Kamata, Nicolas Meurisse, You Li, Jason B. Oliver, Christopher M. Ranger, Davide Rassati, Lukasz L. Stelinski, Roanne Sutherland, Giovanna Tropea Garzia, Mark G. Wright, Antonio Biondi Jun 2021

Recent Advances Toward The Sustainable Management Of Invasive Xylosandrus Ambrosia Beetles, Antonio Gugliuzzo, Peter H.W. Biedermann, Daniel Carrillo, Louela A. Castrillo, James P. Egonyu, Diego Gallego, Khalid Haddi, Jiri Hulcr, Hervé Jactel, Hisashi Kajimura, Naoto Kamata, Nicolas Meurisse, You Li, Jason B. Oliver, Christopher M. Ranger, Davide Rassati, Lukasz L. Stelinski, Roanne Sutherland, Giovanna Tropea Garzia, Mark G. Wright, Antonio Biondi

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We provide an overview of both traditional and innovative control tools for management of three Xylosandrus ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), invasive species with a history of damage in forests, nurseries, orchards and urban areas. Xylosandrus compactus, X. crassiusculus and X. germanus are native to Asia, and currently established in several countries around the globe. Adult females bore galleries into the plant xylem inoculating mutualistic ambrosia fungi that serve as food source for the developing progeny. Tunneling activity results in chewed wood extrusion from entry holes, sap outflow, foliage wilting followed by canopy dieback, and branch and trunk necrosis. Maintaining …

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Landscape-Scale Biogeographic Distribution Analysis Of The Whitefly, Bemisia Tabaci (Gennadius, 1889) In Kenya, Bester Tawona Mudereri, Emily Kimathi, Tavengwa Chitata, Moleseng Claude Moshobane, Elfatih M. Abdel-Rahman Jun 2021

Landscape-Scale Biogeographic Distribution Analysis Of The Whitefly, Bemisia Tabaci (Gennadius, 1889) In Kenya, Bester Tawona Mudereri, Emily Kimathi, Tavengwa Chitata, Moleseng Claude Moshobane, Elfatih M. Abdel-Rahman

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Understanding the drivers of habitat use and the suitability of landscape patches by invasive insect species is crucial in their control and management. This simplifies the comprehension of the processes driving invasive insect population dynamics, their functioning, and potential disturbance within their introduced ecosystems. The whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius, 1889), is ranked among the world’s 100 most invasive insect pests and is a major threat to many important cash and staple food crops. In this study, we identified levels and areas at risk of the invasive B. tabaci at a landscape scale in Kenya using elevation, land surface temperature, land …

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Field Efficacy Of Metarhizium Acridum (Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae) In The Control Of Bactrocera Dorsalis (Diptera: Tephritidae) In Citrus Orchards In Senegal, Papa Djibril Faye, Amadou Bocar Bal, Ndeye Meymouna Ndiaye, Fama Diop, Yaye Konaré Sangaré, Charles Haddad, Emile Victor Coly, Elhadji Omar Dieng, Saliou Niassy Jun 2021

Field Efficacy Of Metarhizium Acridum (Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae) In The Control Of Bactrocera Dorsalis (Diptera: Tephritidae) In Citrus Orchards In Senegal, Papa Djibril Faye, Amadou Bocar Bal, Ndeye Meymouna Ndiaye, Fama Diop, Yaye Konaré Sangaré, Charles Haddad, Emile Victor Coly, Elhadji Omar Dieng, Saliou Niassy

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The effectiveness of the “attract and kill” approach for the management of Bactrocera dorsalis in citrus orchards using autoinoculation strategy was evaluated in three locations in Senegal (Sindia, Sébikhotane and Ndoyene), between 2016 and 2018. Attractant Contaminant Traps (ACT) were treated with 0.3 g of Metarhizium acridum, and methyl eugenol was then deployed at densities of 25, 50 and 100 ACT to infect the flies. Recovery Traps (RT) containing methyl eugenol and a toxicant, Timaye were used to monitor the B. dorsalis population and the contamination rate. Results showed that the rate of contaminated flies increases with the number of …

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Comprehensive Ecological And Geographic Characterization Of Eukaryotic And Prokaryotic Microbiomes In African Anopheles, Eugeni Belda Cuesta, Boubacar Coulibaly, Tullu Bukhari, Karin Eiglmeier, Raymond Kone, Mamadou B. Coulibaly, Soumanaba Zongo, Mamadou Barry, Awa Gneme, Wamdaogo M. Guelbeogo, Abdoul H. Beavogui, Sekou F. Traore, N’Fale Sagnon, Kenneth D. Vernick, Michelle M. Riehle May 2021

Comprehensive Ecological And Geographic Characterization Of Eukaryotic And Prokaryotic Microbiomes In African Anopheles, Eugeni Belda Cuesta, Boubacar Coulibaly, Tullu Bukhari, Karin Eiglmeier, Raymond Kone, Mamadou B. Coulibaly, Soumanaba Zongo, Mamadou Barry, Awa Gneme, Wamdaogo M. Guelbeogo, Abdoul H. Beavogui, Sekou F. Traore, N’Fale Sagnon, Kenneth D. Vernick, Michelle M. Riehle

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Exposure of mosquitoes to numerous eukaryotic and prokaryotic microbes in their associated microbiomes has probably helped drive the evolution of the innate immune system. To our knowledge, a metagenomic catalog of the eukaryotic microbiome has not been reported from any insect. Here we employ a novel approach to preferentially deplete host 18S ribosomal RNA gene amplicons to reveal the composition of the eukaryotic microbial communities of Anopheles larvae sampled in Kenya, Burkina Faso and Republic of Guinea (Conakry). We identified 453 eukaryotic operational taxonomic units (OTUs) associated with Anopheles larvae in nature, but an average of 45% of the 18S …

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Rehabilitation Practices In Cocoa Agroforestry Systems Mitigate Outbreaks Of Termites And Support Cocoa Tree Development And Yield, Christian T.L. Djuideu, Hervé D.B. Bisseleua, Sévilor Kekeunou, Felicitas C. Ambele May 2021

Rehabilitation Practices In Cocoa Agroforestry Systems Mitigate Outbreaks Of Termites And Support Cocoa Tree Development And Yield, Christian T.L. Djuideu, Hervé D.B. Bisseleua, Sévilor Kekeunou, Felicitas C. Ambele

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Most smallholder cocoa farmers in West Africa are not equipped with the necessary tools, techniques, and practices to rejuvenate their aging cocoa farms. Instead, they rather prefer to establish new cocoa farms at the expense of forest remnants. Poor management of their overaged farms has resulted in the emergence and outbreaks of new pest species such as termites feeding on the remaining productive trees and negatively affecting overall yield. We investigated how rehabilitation pruning of cocoa trees influences termite outbreaks and yield in three cocoa agroforestry systems (rustic, intermediate and full sun systems). We monitored cocoa and non-cocoa trees at …

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A Survey Of Mosquito-Borne And Insect-Specific Viruses In Hospitals And Livestock Markets In Western Kenya, Tatenda Chiuya, Daniel K. Masiga, Laura C. Falzon, Armanda D.S. Bastos, Eric M. Fèvre, Jandouwe Villinger May 2021

A Survey Of Mosquito-Borne And Insect-Specific Viruses In Hospitals And Livestock Markets In Western Kenya, Tatenda Chiuya, Daniel K. Masiga, Laura C. Falzon, Armanda D.S. Bastos, Eric M. Fèvre, Jandouwe Villinger

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Aedes aegypti and Culex pipiens complex mosquitoes are prolific vectors of arboviruses that are a global threat to human and animal health. Increased globalization and ease of travel have facilitated the worldwide dissemination of these mosquitoes and the viruses they transmit. To assess disease risk, we determined the frequency of arboviruses in western Kenyan counties bordering an area of high arboviral activity. In addition to pathogenic viruses, insect-specific flaviviruses (ISFs), some of which are thought to impair the transmission of specific pathogenic arboviruses, were also evaluated. We trapped mosquitoes in the short and long rainy seasons in 2018 and 2019 …

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Dispersion Patterns And Monitoring Samplings Of Termite Pests In Cocoa Agroforestry Systems Of Southern Cameroon, Christian T.L. Djuideu, Hervé D.B. Bisseleua, Sevilor Kekeunou, Felicitas C. Ambele May 2021

Dispersion Patterns And Monitoring Samplings Of Termite Pests In Cocoa Agroforestry Systems Of Southern Cameroon, Christian T.L. Djuideu, Hervé D.B. Bisseleua, Sevilor Kekeunou, Felicitas C. Ambele

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Termites are major emerging pests of cocoa in Africa. However, their dispersion models on cocoa trees as well as their sampling plans remain unclear. Moreover, the effect of shade trees on the severity of termite infestation on cocoa is poorly known. We evaluated the severity of termite infestation on cocoa trees in relation to shade management in five cocoa agroforestry systems in southern Cameroon with shade cover ranging from rustic to full sun. The dispersion models of termites on cocoa were analyzed using Taylor’s power law, Nachman model and Iwao’s method. We then simulated the optimal sampling sizes for pest …

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Exploring The Kairomone-Based Foraging Behaviour Of Natural Enemies To Enhance Biological Control: A Review, Pascal M. Ayelo, Christian W.W. Pirk, Abdullahi A. Yusuf, Anaïs Chailleux, Samira A. Mohamed, Emilie Deletre Apr 2021

Exploring The Kairomone-Based Foraging Behaviour Of Natural Enemies To Enhance Biological Control: A Review, Pascal M. Ayelo, Christian W.W. Pirk, Abdullahi A. Yusuf, Anaïs Chailleux, Samira A. Mohamed, Emilie Deletre

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Kairomones are chemical signals that mediate interspecific interactions beneficial to organisms that detect the cues. These attractants can be individual compounds or mixtures of herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) or herbivore chemicals such as pheromones, i.e., chemicals mediating intraspecific communication between herbivores. Natural enemies eavesdrop on kairomones during their foraging behaviour, i.e., location of oviposition sites and feeding resources in nature. Kairomone mixtures are likely to elicit stronger olfactory responses in natural enemies than single kairomones. Kairomone-based lures are used to enhance biological control strategies via the attraction and retention of natural enemies to reduce insect pest populations and crop damage …

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Managing And Monitoring Genetic Isolation And Local Adaptation Of Endemic And Introduced Cotesia Sesamiae For The Biological Control Of The Cereal Stemborer Busseola Fusca In Cameroon, Rose Ndemah, Bruno Pierre Le Ru, Claire Capdevielle-Dulac, Fritz Schulthess, Laure Kaiser, Rachid Hanna, Alexandre Depoilly, Julius Obonyo, Paul André Calatayud, Albert Abang, Stéphane Dupas Apr 2021

Managing And Monitoring Genetic Isolation And Local Adaptation Of Endemic And Introduced Cotesia Sesamiae For The Biological Control Of The Cereal Stemborer Busseola Fusca In Cameroon, Rose Ndemah, Bruno Pierre Le Ru, Claire Capdevielle-Dulac, Fritz Schulthess, Laure Kaiser, Rachid Hanna, Alexandre Depoilly, Julius Obonyo, Paul André Calatayud, Albert Abang, Stéphane Dupas

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The success of biological bontrol (BC) introductions can be enhanced by considering theory and knowledge of biological systems. The gregarious braconid parasitoid Cotesia sesamiae (Cameroon) is one of the best studied biological control agent from the perspective of molecular ecology. Its evolutionary adaptation to the target host involves symbiotic partners. Polydnaviruses are responsible for immune and developmental adaptations whereas Wolbachia bacteria may reinforce this local adaptation though genetic isolation mechanisms. The noctuid Busseola fusca is a major stemborer pest of maize in sub-Saharan Africa. In contrast to eastern Africa, C. sesamiae is rarely found on B. fusca in western Africa. …

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Temperature-Based Phenology Model To Predict The Development, Survival, And Reproduction Of The Oriental Fruit Fly Bactrocera Dorsalis, Dongmo K. Michel A., Komi K.M. Fiaboe, Sévilor Kekeunou, Samuel N. Nanga, Apollin F. Kuate, Henri E.Z. Tonnang, Désiré Gnanvossou, Rachid Hanna Apr 2021

Temperature-Based Phenology Model To Predict The Development, Survival, And Reproduction Of The Oriental Fruit Fly Bactrocera Dorsalis, Dongmo K. Michel A., Komi K.M. Fiaboe, Sévilor Kekeunou, Samuel N. Nanga, Apollin F. Kuate, Henri E.Z. Tonnang, Désiré Gnanvossou, Rachid Hanna

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The oriental fruit fly Bactrocera dorsalis (Diptera: Tephritidae) is a major pest of fruit and vegetable production systems on several continents. The pest has invaded many countries, causing considerable impact on fruit production systems and commercialization. In this study we determined the relationship between temperature and development, survival and reproductive parameters of B. dorsalis on an artificial diet under laboratory conditions under 7 constant temperatures (10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 33 and 35 °C) with 70 ± 10% relative humidity and a photoperiod of L12:D12. We validated the laboratory results with a full life table analysis under semi-natural conditions in …

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Global Habitat Suitability Of Spodoptera Frugiperda (Je Smith) (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae): Key Parasitoids Considered For Its Biological Control, Ghislain T. Tepa-Yotto, Henri E.Z. Tonnang, Georg Goergen, Sevgan Subramanian, Emily Kimathi, Elfatih M. Abdel-Rahman, Daniel Flø, Karl H. Thunes, Komi K.M. Fiaboe, Saliou Niassy, Anani Bruce, Samira A. Mohamed, Manuele Tamò, Sunday Ekesi, May Guri Sæthre Apr 2021

Global Habitat Suitability Of Spodoptera Frugiperda (Je Smith) (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae): Key Parasitoids Considered For Its Biological Control, Ghislain T. Tepa-Yotto, Henri E.Z. Tonnang, Georg Goergen, Sevgan Subramanian, Emily Kimathi, Elfatih M. Abdel-Rahman, Daniel Flø, Karl H. Thunes, Komi K.M. Fiaboe, Saliou Niassy, Anani Bruce, Samira A. Mohamed, Manuele Tamò, Sunday Ekesi, May Guri Sæthre

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The present study is the first modeling effort at a global scale to predict habitat suitability of fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda and its key parasitoids, namely Chelonus insularis, Cotesia marginiventris, Eiphosoma laphygmae, Telenomus remus and Trichogramma pretiosum, to be considered for biological control. An adjusted procedure of a machine-learning algorithm, the maximum entropy (Maxent), was applied for the modeling experiments. Model predictions showed particularly high establishment potential of the five hymenopteran parasitoids in areas that are heavily affected by FAW (like the coastal belt of West Africa from Côte d’Ivoire (Ivory Coast) to Nigeria, the Congo basin to Eastern …

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Comparison Of Biological Methods To Control Aphis Fabae Scopoli (Hemiptera: Aphididae) On Kalanchoe Crops In East Africa, Thibault Nordey, Simon Boniface Boni, Mawufe Komi Agbodzavu, Robert Mwashimaha, Nickson Mlowe, Srinivasan Ramasamy, Emilie Deletre Apr 2021

Comparison Of Biological Methods To Control Aphis Fabae Scopoli (Hemiptera: Aphididae) On Kalanchoe Crops In East Africa, Thibault Nordey, Simon Boniface Boni, Mawufe Komi Agbodzavu, Robert Mwashimaha, Nickson Mlowe, Srinivasan Ramasamy, Emilie Deletre

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Aphids cause considerable damage to numerous crops all over the world and insecticides are the main means of controlling them, despite their detrimental impacts on human and environmental health. This study assessed the effectiveness of the parasitoid Aphidius colemani Viereck (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), a mixture of predatory ladybird beetles, Hippodamia variegata Goeze, Chilocorus calvus Chiccl, and Cheilomenes propinqua Mulsant (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), and an entomopathogenic strain of Aspergillus flavus Link (Eurotiales: Trichocomaceae), collected locally in Tanzania, to control Aphis fabae Scopoli (Hemiptera: Aphididae). After assessing the predation and parasitism rates of these natural enemies at different aphid densities in laboratory experiments, their …

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Impact Of The Exotic Fall Armyworm On Larval Parasitoids Associated With The Lepidopteran Maize Stemborers In Kenya, Bonoukpoè Mawuko Sokame, Julius Obonyo, Enock Mwangangi Sammy, Samira A. Mohamed, Sevgan Subramanian, Dora Chao Kilalo, Gerald Juma, Paul André Calatayud Apr 2021

Impact Of The Exotic Fall Armyworm On Larval Parasitoids Associated With The Lepidopteran Maize Stemborers In Kenya, Bonoukpoè Mawuko Sokame, Julius Obonyo, Enock Mwangangi Sammy, Samira A. Mohamed, Sevgan Subramanian, Dora Chao Kilalo, Gerald Juma, Paul André Calatayud

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Exotic invasive insect herbivores have the potential to interfere with existing herbivore-natural enemy interactions in new environments. Fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda J.E. Smith (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is a new invasive pest in maize fields in Africa. Understanding the acceptability and suitability of FAW to existing maize stemborer-parasitoid interactions is the first step in elucidating the impact that this exotic insect pest can have on the existing natural enemies used in biological control of maize stemborers in Kenya. The most commonly used larval parasitoids for biological control programs against maize stemborer communities in East Africa are Cotesia flavipes Cameron (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) …

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Supplementing Blood Diet With Plant Nectar Enhances Egg Fertility In Stomoxys Calcitrans, Simon K. Tawich, Joel L. Bargul, Daniel Masiga, Merid N. Getahun Mar 2021

Supplementing Blood Diet With Plant Nectar Enhances Egg Fertility In Stomoxys Calcitrans, Simon K. Tawich, Joel L. Bargul, Daniel Masiga, Merid N. Getahun

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Stomoxys calcitrans (stable fly) is a cosmopolitan biting fly of both medical and veterinary importance. Unlike blood-feeding-related behavior of stable fly, its plant feeding, the fitness value, and the S. calcitrans–plant interaction are less understood. Here we show based on two chloroplast DNA genes, ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase large chain (rbcL) and the intergenic spacer gene trnH-psbA, that field-collected male and female stable flies fed on various plant species. We investigated the fitness cost of plant feeding using Parthenium hysterophorus, one of the plant species identified to have been fed on by the field-collected flies. Supplementation of blood feeding with a …

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Detection Of The Spotted Wing Drosophila, Drosophila Suzukii, In Continental Sub-Saharan Africa, Charles A. Kwadha, Louis A. Okwaro, Isabella Kleman, Guillermo Rehermann, Santosh Revadi, Shepard Ndlela, Fathiya M. Khamis, Peterson W. Nderitu, Muo Kasina, Momanyi K. George, Grace G. Kithusi, Samira A. Mohamed, H. Michael G. Lattorff, Paul G. Becher Mar 2021

Detection Of The Spotted Wing Drosophila, Drosophila Suzukii, In Continental Sub-Saharan Africa, Charles A. Kwadha, Louis A. Okwaro, Isabella Kleman, Guillermo Rehermann, Santosh Revadi, Shepard Ndlela, Fathiya M. Khamis, Peterson W. Nderitu, Muo Kasina, Momanyi K. George, Grace G. Kithusi, Samira A. Mohamed, H. Michael G. Lattorff, Paul G. Becher

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The spotted wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii Matsumura, is an insect pest of soft-skinned fruit, native to Eastern Asia. Since 2008, a world-wide dispersal of D. suzukii is seen, characterized by the establishment of the pest in many Asian, American and European countries. While the potential for invasion of continental Africa by D. suzukii has been predicted, its presence has only been shown for Morocco in Northern Africa. Knowledge about a possible establishment in other parts of the continent is needed as a basis for pest management. In 2019, we carried out a first survey in three counties in Kenya to …

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Importation And Preliminary Evaluation Of The Stem Boring Moth Buakea Kaeuae1 As A Potential Biological Control Agent Of Invasive Guineagrass, Megathyrsus Maximus2, Ann T. Vacek, John A. Goolsby, Paul Andre Calatayud, Bruno Le Ru, Boaz Musyoka, Rupesh R. Kariyat Mar 2021

Importation And Preliminary Evaluation Of The Stem Boring Moth Buakea Kaeuae1 As A Potential Biological Control Agent Of Invasive Guineagrass, Megathyrsus Maximus2, Ann T. Vacek, John A. Goolsby, Paul Andre Calatayud, Bruno Le Ru, Boaz Musyoka, Rupesh R. Kariyat

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Guineagrass, Megathyrsus maximus (Jacq.) B.K.Simon & S.W.L.Jacobs, is an African grass that is invasive in Florida, Hawaii, southern Texas, and northeastern Mexico. Buakea kaeuae Moyal et al., a stem-boring African moth found only on M. maximus, was imported from Kenya and evaluated for its ability to feed and develop on Guineagrass naturalized in southern Texas. Neither larvae nor adults developed or reproduced on Texas Guineagrass.

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Non-Chemical Post-Harvest Disinfestation Of Bactrocera Dorsalis (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae) In Tommy Atkins Mango Using Hot-Water Immersion Treatment, P. Ocitti, S. Ndlela, A. M. Akol, H. Muyinza, S. A. Mohamed Mar 2021

Non-Chemical Post-Harvest Disinfestation Of Bactrocera Dorsalis (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae) In Tommy Atkins Mango Using Hot-Water Immersion Treatment, P. Ocitti, S. Ndlela, A. M. Akol, H. Muyinza, S. A. Mohamed

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Mango production and trade is a major source of employment, food and income in Sub Saharan Africa (SSA). Most of its production in SSA is under smallholder farming with a few commercial farms undertaking production. Fruits are traded both locally and some exported, with improved exotic varieties being preferred by consumers. However, mango export which is more lucrative to most exporters in terms of foreign currency exchange earnings, is currently faced with serious quarantine restrictions because of the invasive fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis. Since its invasion in Africa, yield losses of up to 100 % have been recorded. In addition, …

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Push-Pull Strategy Combined With Net Houses For Controlling Cowpea Insect Pests And Enhancing Crop Yields, Seydou Diabate, Thibaud Martin, Lucy Kananu Murungi, Komi K.M. Fiaboe, John Wesonga, John M. Kimani, Emilie Deletre Mar 2021

Push-Pull Strategy Combined With Net Houses For Controlling Cowpea Insect Pests And Enhancing Crop Yields, Seydou Diabate, Thibaud Martin, Lucy Kananu Murungi, Komi K.M. Fiaboe, John Wesonga, John M. Kimani, Emilie Deletre

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Net houses can be used in tropical environments to protect crops such as cowpea against large insect pests, thereby avoiding pesticide treatments while sustainably mitigating the effects of climate change. We investigated a push-pull strategy to prevent small insect pest outbreaks in a net house. The push component consisted of two stimulus plants, i.e. Cymbopogon citratus and Tagetes minuta, and the pull stimuli consisted of visual cues from blue and yellow sticky traps. Field experiments were set up in central Kenya and conducted during a rainy and a dry season, involving an open field control treatment, and three management treatments …

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The African Citrus Triozid Trioza Erytreae Del Guercio (Hemiptera: Triozidae): Temporal Dynamics And Susceptibility To Entomopathogenic Fungi In East Africa, Owusu Fordjour Aidoo, C. M. Tanga, S. A. Mohamed, F. M. Khamis, S. Opisa, B. A. Rasowo, J. W. Kimemia, J. Ambajo, M. Sétamou, S. Ekesi, C. Borgemeister Mar 2021

The African Citrus Triozid Trioza Erytreae Del Guercio (Hemiptera: Triozidae): Temporal Dynamics And Susceptibility To Entomopathogenic Fungi In East Africa, Owusu Fordjour Aidoo, C. M. Tanga, S. A. Mohamed, F. M. Khamis, S. Opisa, B. A. Rasowo, J. W. Kimemia, J. Ambajo, M. Sétamou, S. Ekesi, C. Borgemeister

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The African citrus triozid Trioza erytreae Del Guercio (Hemiptera: Triozidae) is the most destructive citrus pest. Presently, biological data on T. erytreae are insufficient for important parameters like distribution, seasonal dynamics and entomopathogens. Therefore, we determined the temporal dynamics of T. erytreae along three different altitudinal gradients in Kenya. In low altitudes, females of T. erytreae reactivated and started laying eggs between late February and early March. The mean monthly number of immature stages of T. erytreae per flush shoot peaked in February, whereas adults peaked in March. For mid-altitudes, T. erytreae mean populations peaked in February, but adults were …

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Oviposition Behavior Of Telenomus Busseolae, Telenomus Isis And Trichogramma Bournieri On Eggs Of East African Cereal Stemborers, Anani Y. Bruce, Fritz Schulthess, Jacqueline K. Makatiani, Henri E.Z. Tonnang Mar 2021

Oviposition Behavior Of Telenomus Busseolae, Telenomus Isis And Trichogramma Bournieri On Eggs Of East African Cereal Stemborers, Anani Y. Bruce, Fritz Schulthess, Jacqueline K. Makatiani, Henri E.Z. Tonnang

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The oviposition behavior of the scelionids Telenomus busseolae, Telenomus isis and the trichogrammatid Trichogramma bournieri was studied on eggs of lepidopteran cereal stemborers, which included the noctuid Busseola fusca, Sesamia calamistis, Sesamia nonagrioides, the crambid Chilo partellus, and the pyralid Eldana saccharina. Unlike Tr. bournieri, Telenomus spp. did not attack eggs of C. partellus and E. saccharina. Five distinct behavioral steps were observed, which included foraging, drumming with the antennae on the eggs, ovipositor insertion, egg marking, and walking and resting. Foraging, walking and resting were observed less frequently than the other behaviors. There was a clear hierarchy of behavioral …

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