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Articles 1081 - 1110 of 1129

Full-Text Articles in Entomology

Metamorphosis Behaviour And Regulation In Tsetse Flies (Glossina Spp.) (Diptera: Glossinidae): A Review, J. Žďárek, D. L. Denlinger Jan 1993

Metamorphosis Behaviour And Regulation In Tsetse Flies (Glossina Spp.) (Diptera: Glossinidae): A Review, J. Žďárek, D. L. Denlinger

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This review examines the recent literature on tsetse (Glossina spp.) metamorphosis behaviour and its regulation. The behavioural events associated with metamorphosis are highly specific and most occur only once during the life of the fly. The review begins with the larva's commitment to metamorphosis and then discusses the behaviour associated with parturition, wandering of the third instar larva, pupariation, pupation and adult eclosion. While certain aspects of tsetse metamorphosis behaviour are common to the higher Diptera, the peculiar reproductive strategy of tsetse has dictated many modifications. Most notable of the tsetse peculiarities are the larva's late commitment to metamorphosis, the …

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Experimental Immunity Against Trypanosomiasis In Rabbits, Curtis Powell Jan 1993

Experimental Immunity Against Trypanosomiasis In Rabbits, Curtis Powell

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Rabbits were immunized with specially prepared subcellular fractions of a cloned Trypanosoma brucei brucei stock 427. One fraction was found to be highly immunoprophylactic in rabbits exposed to the vector fly genus Glossina m. morsitans (tsetse flies) infected with EATRO Trypanosoma brucei brucei 1969. The most immunoprotective fraction IPFA from T. b. brucei 427 gave 75% protection to animals challenged by EATRO T. b. brucei 1969. IPFA also showed the highest IgG antibody titre against the heterologous and homologous strains. In in vitro studies, the sera from these immunized rabbits killed different strains of parasites, T. b. brucei strains 1969 …

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The Influence Of Host Blood On Infection Rates In Glossina Morsitans Sspp. Infected With Trypanosoma Congolense, T. Brucei And T. Simiae, S. Mihok, R. O. Olubayo, N. Darji, E. Zweygarth Jan 1993

The Influence Of Host Blood On Infection Rates In Glossina Morsitans Sspp. Infected With Trypanosoma Congolense, T. Brucei And T. Simiae, S. Mihok, R. O. Olubayo, N. Darji, E. Zweygarth

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Trypanosoma congolense, T. brucei and T. simiae isolated from wild-caught Glossina pallidipes were fed to laboratory-reared G. morsitans centralis and G. m. morsitans to determine the effect of host blood at the time of the infective feed on infection rates. Bloodstream forms of trypanosomes were membrane-fed to flies either neat, or mixed with blood from cows, goats, pigs, buffalo, eland, waterbuck and oryx. The use of different bloods for the infective feed resulted in differences in infection rates that were repeatable for both tsetse subspecies and most parasite stocks. Goat, and to a lesser extent, pig blood facilitated infection, producing …

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Temporal Synthesis Of Cuticle Proteins During Larval Development In Glossina Morsitans, Vincent O. Ochieng, Ellie O. Osir, James O. Ochanda, Norah K. Olembo Jan 1993

Temporal Synthesis Of Cuticle Proteins During Larval Development In Glossina Morsitans, Vincent O. Ochieng, Ellie O. Osir, James O. Ochanda, Norah K. Olembo

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1. 1. Larval development in Glossina species occurs in utero with the mature third instar larva being deposited after a developmental period of 7 days. 2. 2. In this study, the patterns of cuticular protein synthesis during larval development were analysed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. 3. 3. From the results, four types of cuticle proteins were identified: those specific to larval, pupal and adult cuticles, and others common to all the stages. 4. 4. Few cuticular proteins were synthesized between the first and second larval instars. By the third larval instar (two days before larviposition), a large number of proteins …

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Ultrastructure Of Nosema Marucae Sp. N. (Microspora, Nosematidae), A Pathogen Of Maruca Testulalis (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae), Maurice O. Odindo, Walter G.Z.O. Jura Dec 1992

Ultrastructure Of Nosema Marucae Sp. N. (Microspora, Nosematidae), A Pathogen Of Maruca Testulalis (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae), Maurice O. Odindo, Walter G.Z.O. Jura

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The development of Nosema marucae was followed in its host, the legume pod borer Maruca testulalis. The meronts had an irregular cell body and were binucleated, with the large diplokaryon occupying most of the cell. The sporonts contained many rough endoplastic reticula. The sporoblasts had a granular cytoplasm with a large number of ribosomes, and nuclear division and cellular cleavage were prevalent, particularly from 84 to 120 h after inoculation. Sporoblasts and young spores were evident from 108 to 144 h after inoculation. In the mature spores, the exocuticle had a rough and sculptured surface and the endocuticle thinned considerably …

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Isozyme Analysis Of Kenyan Phlebotomine Sandflies (Diptera: Ppsychodidae) By Isoelectric Focusing (Ief) On Pharmacia Phast System™, H. Mahamat, A. Hassanali, H. Morgan, M. J. Mutinaga, S. Mihok, N. N. Massamba Oct 1992

Isozyme Analysis Of Kenyan Phlebotomine Sandflies (Diptera: Ppsychodidae) By Isoelectric Focusing (Ief) On Pharmacia Phast System™, H. Mahamat, A. Hassanali, H. Morgan, M. J. Mutinaga, S. Mihok, N. N. Massamba

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The isoenzyme profiles of nine sandfly species (Phlebotomus duboscqi, P. elegonensi, P. martini, P. pedifer, Sergentomiya antennatus, S. bedfordi, S. garnhami, S. graingeri and S. schwetzi) from Kenya collected from the field and reared in the Medical Vectors Research Programme of the ICIPE were determined by isoelectric focusing (IEF) on mini ultra-thin polyacrylamide gels supplied by Pharmacia. Three of the nine isoenzymes screened (MDH, G-6-PD, PGM, ME, ICD, GAPDH, 6-PDG, HK and GPI), namely GPI, PGM and ME, gave banding patterns of taxonomic value. Cluster analysis of the simple matching coefficients gave two distinct groupings corresponding to previously described Sergentomyia …

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Ultrastructural Studies On The Transovarial Transmission Of Nosema Marucae In Chilo Partellus Swinh, J. A. Ogwang, M. O. Odinho Apr 1992

Ultrastructural Studies On The Transovarial Transmission Of Nosema Marucae In Chilo Partellus Swinh, J. A. Ogwang, M. O. Odinho

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Sublethally infected adults of Chilo partellus Swinhoe were allowed to mate in experimental cages. The mated gravid females were dissected and specific tissues including eggs were removed and examined under both light and electron microscopes. Males were similarly dissected and examined under a ligh microscope only. Results showed that infected males did not transmit Nosema marucae Odindo and Jura venereally. Microscopic studies revealed that N. marucae was transmitted through contamination of the egg chorion. No spores were seen in the yolk neither were spores seen in the spermathecae. The significance of these studies is discussed. © 1992 Verlag Paul Parey.

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Inhibitory Effect Of Trypanosoma Brucei Brucei On Glossina Morsitans Midgut Trypsin In Vitro, M. O. Imbuga, E. O. Osir, V. L. Labongo Apr 1992

Inhibitory Effect Of Trypanosoma Brucei Brucei On Glossina Morsitans Midgut Trypsin In Vitro, M. O. Imbuga, E. O. Osir, V. L. Labongo

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The ability of Trypanosoma brucei brucei to inhibit trypsin or trypsin-like enzymes in crude midgut homogenates of Glossina morsitans morsitans was studied in vitro. The isolated parasites caused a concentration-dependent decrease in midgut trypsin activity. Furthermore, trypanosomes lysed by repeated freeze-thawing had a similar effect on trypsin activity. In both cases, the inhibition by either intact or lysed parasites was partial as revealed by Dixon plots. Similarly, trypanosome membrane proteins stoichiometrically inhibited trypsin activity, suggesting that the enzyme interacts specifically with a moiety on the parasite surface. The Km and Ki values obtained in this case were 35 μm and …

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Life Tables And Intrinsic Rate Of Natural Increase Of Pediobius Furvus [Hym.: Eulophidae] On Chilo Partellus [Lep.: Pyralidae], G. W. Oloo Mar 1992

Life Tables And Intrinsic Rate Of Natural Increase Of Pediobius Furvus [Hym.: Eulophidae] On Chilo Partellus [Lep.: Pyralidae], G. W. Oloo

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In the present studies, life table data and intrinsic rate of natural increase (rm) of the eulophid pupal parasitoid, P. furvus (Gahan) were obtained from Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) at a constant temperature of 26.7±0.6°C, 52.3±2.7% RH in the laboratory. Development of immature stages took 19.1±0.3 days; adult females lived for 7.9±3.3 (range, 2-13) days and produced a mean of 91.9±22.4 progeny per female, with a sex ratio of 1:2.9 (♂:♀). The intrinsic rate of natural increase (rm) was 0.2558/female/day; the net reproductive rate (R0), 237.25; the capacity for increase (rc) of 0.252; and the finite rate of increase (λ) of …

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Disruption Of Glossina Morsitans Morsitans (Diptera: Glossinidae) Eclosion Behaviour: A Novel Method For Evaluating The Action Of Neurotoxic Agents, J. Ždárek, D. L. Denlinger Jan 1992

Disruption Of Glossina Morsitans Morsitans (Diptera: Glossinidae) Eclosion Behaviour: A Novel Method For Evaluating The Action Of Neurotoxic Agents, J. Ždárek, D. L. Denlinger

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As the tsetse fly, Glossina morsitans morsitans Westwood extricates itself from the puparium and moves upward through the soil the ptilinum expands and contracts rhythmically and thus generates a stereotypic behavioural pattern that persists for up to 10 h if the tsetse fly remains confined. The response, which is easily recorded tensometrically from the movements of the ptilinum, can be exploited as a tool for evaluating the behavioral response of tsetse flies to various neurotoxic agents. The behavioural assay proves useful in providing precise information about the latency of the response and lethal time, and can suggest likely modes of …

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Larval Development Of Chilo Partellus (Swinhoe) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) On Artificial Diet Incorporating Leaf Tissues Of Sorghum Lines In Relation To Their Resistance Or Susceptibility, Kailash Narain Saxena Jan 1992

Larval Development Of Chilo Partellus (Swinhoe) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) On Artificial Diet Incorporating Leaf Tissues Of Sorghum Lines In Relation To Their Resistance Or Susceptibility, Kailash Narain Saxena

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This study was taken up to examine the relationship between the susceptibility or resistance of six sorghum lines to Chilo partellus and dietary quality of their leaf tissues, incorporated in an artificial diet, to support larval development. The diets tested were agar based basic medium with or without cellulose powder, dry leaf powder or fresh leaf-paste of the sorghum lines. The basic medium alone or with cellulose powder showed the poorest dietary quality in-as-much as it did not support more than 26–32% larval development. The tolerant sorghum IS 18520 leaf tissues, incorporated in the artificial diet as dry powder or …

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Eclosion Behavior In Tsetse (Diptera: Glossinidae): Extrication From The Puparium And Expansion Of The Adult, Jan Zdárek, David L. Denlinger Jan 1992

Eclosion Behavior In Tsetse (Diptera: Glossinidae): Extrication From The Puparium And Expansion Of The Adult, Jan Zdárek, David L. Denlinger

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The tsetse adult extricates itself from the puparium and surrounding substrate by a series of muscular contractions that generate a Stereotypic pattern of changes in hemolymph pressure. The digging action of the fly can be distinguished from a second pattern of hemocoelic pulsations that is used to remove obstacles from its path. When the fly is restrained extrication behavior will persist for over 10 h. If the adult's legs are freed while the remainder of the body remains encased in the puparium, the fly fails to engage in extrication behavior, a result which suggests that freedom of the legs switches …

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Influence Of Maize Row Spacing On Infestation And Damage Of Intercropped Beans By The Bean Aphid (Aphis Fabae Scop.). I. Incidence Of Aphids, M. W. Ogenga-Latigo, J. K.O. Ampofo, C. W. Baliddawa Jan 1992

Influence Of Maize Row Spacing On Infestation And Damage Of Intercropped Beans By The Bean Aphid (Aphis Fabae Scop.). I. Incidence Of Aphids, M. W. Ogenga-Latigo, J. K.O. Ampofo, C. W. Baliddawa

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Investigations were carried out in the field and in the glasshouse to asses the influence of row spacing of intercrop maize on the incidence of the bean aphid, Aphis fabae Scop. (Homoptera: Aphididae), on common beans, Phaseolus vulgaris L., and on aphid dispersal within the intercrops. Maize was planted in the field twice at a 3-week interval, at row spacings of 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 m, while sole and intercropped beans were planted simultaneously with the second maize, at a row spacing of 0.5 m. Aphis fabae incidence was lower on beans intercropped with densely planted maize, with strong …

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Influence Of Temperature On In Vitro Growth Of Entomopathogenic Hyphomycetes, J. Fargues, Nk Maniania, Jc Delmas, N. Smits Jan 1992

Influence Of Temperature On In Vitro Growth Of Entomopathogenic Hyphomycetes, J. Fargues, Nk Maniania, Jc Delmas, N. Smits

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Thirty-one isolates of 6 entomopathogenic hyphomycetes, Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin, B brongniartii (= tenella; (Saccardo) Petch, Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschnikoff) Sorokin, M flavoviride Gams et Rozsypal, Nomuraea rileyi (Farlow) Samsom and Paecilomyces fumosoroseus (Wize) Brown et Smith, were grown in vitro to determine growth rates and ranges of growth at 10 temperatures from 8 to 37 °C in the dark. Radial growth of surface colonies on semisynthetic nutrient agar was recorded by daily measurement of 2 cardinal diameters. Because radial measurements (from day 3 to 12) of surface colonies for each temperature fit a linear model (y = vt+b), growth rates …

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Oviposition, Larval Arrest And Establishment Of Chilo Partellus (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) On Maize Genotypes During Anthesis, Harish Kumar Jan 1992

Oviposition, Larval Arrest And Establishment Of Chilo Partellus (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) On Maize Genotypes During Anthesis, Harish Kumar

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The oviposition, larval arrest and establishment by the stem borer Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) were measured on different maize genotypes during anthesis. The maize genotypes tested were: Inbred A (Susceptible), Mp 704, MBR-8637, MBR-8650, MBR-8668, Poza Rica 7832, ER-29 SVR, Katumani Composite B, MMV 400, Bulk CG 4141, and ICZ2-CM. The moths oviposited on the middle leaves of the plant and the neonate larvae moved to leaf sheaths and ear husks to feed (arrest). As they grew older, the larvae invaded the stem, ear shanks and tassel to complete feeding (establishment) and to pupate. The response of the stem borer differed …

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Factors Affecting Seasonal Dispersal Of The Tsetse Flies Glossina Pallidipes And G. Longipennis (Diptera: Glossinidae) At Nguruman, South-West Kenya, R. Brightwell, R. D. Dransfield, B. G. Williams Jan 1992

Factors Affecting Seasonal Dispersal Of The Tsetse Flies Glossina Pallidipes And G. Longipennis (Diptera: Glossinidae) At Nguruman, South-West Kenya, R. Brightwell, R. D. Dransfield, B. G. Williams

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Seasonal changes in the distribution of the tsetse flies, Glossina pallidipes Austen and G. longipennis Corti, along a transect from riverine thickets out into open plains were monitored along with tsetse density, climatic factors, vegetation and host abundance. Dispersal of tsetse into open country was quantified using the mean spread. During and after the rains both species extended their distribution out into open country up to at least 3.5 km from riverine thicket areas. The mean spread of G. longipennis was greater than that of G. pallidipes. The spread of males and females was very similar, as was the spread …

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Trypanosome Infection Rates In Tsetse Flies (Diptera: Glossinidae) And Cattle During Tsetse Control Operations In The Kagera River Region Of Rwanda, Steve Mihok, Leonard H. Otieno, Christopher S. Tarimo Jan 1992

Trypanosome Infection Rates In Tsetse Flies (Diptera: Glossinidae) And Cattle During Tsetse Control Operations In The Kagera River Region Of Rwanda, Steve Mihok, Leonard H. Otieno, Christopher S. Tarimo

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Trypanosome infections were monitored in three species of tsetse fly (Glossina pallidipes Austen, G. morsitans centralis Machado, and G. brevipalpis News-tead) at four locations in the Kagera River region of Rwanda from May 1989 to September 1990. Two of the four areas (Mpanga Ranch and Bukora Ranch) were subjected to tsetse fly suppression operations with odour-baited traps. Proboscis infections of the Trypanosoma congolense and T. vivax types accounted for roughly equal numbers of the 207 mature infections detected (3.8%). Variation in infection rates was area-specific rather than tsetse species-specific. Order of magnitude differences in tsetse fly densities among areas were …

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Field Evaluation Of Tilapia Zilli (Gervais) As A Biological Control Agent For Mosquito Control, E. J. Asimeng, M. J. Mutinga Jan 1992

Field Evaluation Of Tilapia Zilli (Gervais) As A Biological Control Agent For Mosquito Control, E. J. Asimeng, M. J. Mutinga

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Tilapia zilli (Gervais), a larvivorous fish identified in the Mwea Rice Irrigation System (Kenya), was evaluated in the field to assess its potential for biological control of mosquito larvae. The study was conducted from October 1991 to April 1992 in experimental ponds constructed at Mbui-Njeru, which is one of the 36 villages in the irrigation scheme. T. zilli was found to be extremely effective in controlling mosquito breeding that persisted throughout the study period. However, the presence of vegetation and turbidity significantly reduced its efficiency in predation. The negative effects of vegetation could be averted by combining T. zilli with …

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Some Aspects Of Mating Behavior Of Glossina Morsitans Morsitans Males Infected With A Dna Virus, Walter G.Z.O. Jura, John O.A. Davies-Cole Jan 1992

Some Aspects Of Mating Behavior Of Glossina Morsitans Morsitans Males Infected With A Dna Virus, Walter G.Z.O. Jura, John O.A. Davies-Cole

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Mating behavior of Glossina morsitans morsitans Westwood males, inoculated with the DNA virus during the third-instar larval stage, and sexual receptivity of females premated with such males were studied in the laboratory. Like normal males, the virus-infected males readily located females and mounted them instantaneously. The mean duration of copulation was similar in both normal and infected groups, and all males in both groups experienced the final jerking phase before separating. The value for the degree of insemination (mean spermathecal value) for the females mated with normal males was significantly greater than that for the flies mated with the virus-infected …

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Studies On Tsetse Midgut Factors That Induce Differentiation Of Bloodstream Trypanosoma Brucei Brucei In Vitro, M. O. Imbuga, E. O. Osir, V. L. Labongo, N. Darji, L. H. Otieno Jan 1992

Studies On Tsetse Midgut Factors That Induce Differentiation Of Bloodstream Trypanosoma Brucei Brucei In Vitro, M. O. Imbuga, E. O. Osir, V. L. Labongo, N. Darji, L. H. Otieno

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An in vitro system for studying the transformation of bloodstream forms of Trypanosoma brucei brucei into procylic (midgut) forms is described. In this system, transformation of the parasites was stimulated by Glossina morsitans morsitans midgut homogenates at 27° C but not at 4° C. The transformation-stimulating capacity was irreversibly destroyed by heating the midgut homogenates at 60° C for 1 h. A correlation was established between the transformation activity of the midgut homogenates and trypsin activity. The protease inhibitors (soybean trypsin inhibitor and N-p-tosyl-l-lysine-chloromethyl-ketone) inhibited trypsin activity and completely blocked the transformation of the parasites. Furthermore, the midgut homogenates could …

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Influence Of D(+)-Glucosamine On Infection Rates And Parasite Loads In Tsetse Flies (Glossina Spp.) Infected With Trypanosoma Brucei, Steve Mihok, Leonard H. Otieno, Nafisa Darji, David Munyinyi Jan 1992

Influence Of D(+)-Glucosamine On Infection Rates And Parasite Loads In Tsetse Flies (Glossina Spp.) Infected With Trypanosoma Brucei, Steve Mihok, Leonard H. Otieno, Nafisa Darji, David Munyinyi

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Teneral Glossina morsitans centralis, G. m. morsitans and G. pallidipes were infected with three different clones of Trypanosoma brucei in blood containing d(+)-glucosamine, an inhibitor of tsetse midgut lectin. On average, 5 days of d(+)-glucosamine treatment tripled infection rates, without affecting the proportion of infections that matured. Total infection rates were equal in males and females, but twice as many infections matured in males. Counts of parasites in the guts and salivary glands of 277 flies revealed order of magnitude differences among flies, with females consistently having 2-3-times as many parasites as males. Parasite numbers varied in a sex-specific manner …

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Influence Of Maize Row Spacing On Infestation And Damage Of Intercropped Beans By The Bean Aphid (Aphis Fabae Scop.). Ii. Reduction In Bean Yields, M. W. Ogenga-Latigo, C. W. Baliddawa, J. K.O. Ampofo Jan 1992

Influence Of Maize Row Spacing On Infestation And Damage Of Intercropped Beans By The Bean Aphid (Aphis Fabae Scop.). Ii. Reduction In Bean Yields, M. W. Ogenga-Latigo, C. W. Baliddawa, J. K.O. Ampofo

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Field studies were conducted to assess the effects of intercropping common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) with maize (Zea mays L.), at two growth stages and four row spacings (0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 m), on Aphis fabae infestation of beans and on the magnitudes of bean yield losses due to aphid attack and to competition by maize. The first maize planting (Old maize) was carried out 3 weeks earlier than beans, while the second planting (Young maize) was done simultaneously with beans. Significantly (P < 0.05) fewer plants were infested by A. fabae when beans were intercropped with older or densely planted maize. Aphid colonies on beans were also smaller, and there was reduced aphid damage to beans in the intercrops. However, whereas bean yield loss from aphid attack was less than 3.5% in all intercrop situations, yield loss from competition by maize was very high, being up to 98% when beans were intercropped with early-planted maize at 0.5-m row spacing. Yields of intercropped maize planted at row spacings of 0.5, 1.5 and 2.0 m were also depressed. The results show that both maize growth and row spacing could be exploited for the control of A. fabae on intercropped beans. However, adequate consideration must be given to the negative effects of maize planting density and growth on yields of both crops. © 1992.

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Bionomics Of Tetrastichus Sesamiae [Hymenoptera: Eulophidae], A Pupal Endo-Parasitoid Of Maruca Testulalis [Lepidoptera: Pyralidae], J. B. Okeyo-Owuor, G. W. Oloo, P. O. Agwaro Sep 1991

Bionomics Of Tetrastichus Sesamiae [Hymenoptera: Eulophidae], A Pupal Endo-Parasitoid Of Maruca Testulalis [Lepidoptera: Pyralidae], J. B. Okeyo-Owuor, G. W. Oloo, P. O. Agwaro

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The biology and behaviour of Tetrastichus sesamiae Risbec, a pupal endoparasitoid of Maruca testulalis Geyer, were studied under laboratory conditions. Most adults emerged from the host pupae between 08.00 h and 09.00 h and mating and oviposition started almost immediately. Both ♂♂ and ♀♀ mated repeatedly, and each ♀ could lay eggs for up to 6 days and in up to 5 host pupae. Progeny production ranged from 0-263 offspring per ♀ and adult longevity was from 4.3-13.9 days. The quality of food available to the adults was a major factor influencing progeny production, and longevity. The species was capable …

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Turnover In The Populations Within Mature Nests Of The Termite Macrotermes Michaelseni In Kenya, J. P.E.C. Darlington Sep 1991

Turnover In The Populations Within Mature Nests Of The Termite Macrotermes Michaelseni In Kenya, J. P.E.C. Darlington

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Production in mature termite nests consists of a seasonal brood of reproductives and a continuous turnover of steriles. The sterile population of the nest remained fairly constant, with no regular seasonal fluctuations. Growth rates of steriles were estimated by interrupting the input and following the "missing cohort". Estimated mean values of standing crop biomass and annual production in a mature nest were used to calculate a production-to-biomass ratio. In conjunction with data on the density of nests in the field, the biomass and production per hectare were estimated. © 1991 Birkhäuser Verlag.

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Screening For Highly Effective Isolates Of Bacillus Thuringiensis Against Spodoptera Exempta And Spodoptera Littoralis, M. Hamal, M. Brownbridge, M. Broza, B. Sneh Jan 1991

Screening For Highly Effective Isolates Of Bacillus Thuringiensis Against Spodoptera Exempta And Spodoptera Littoralis, M. Hamal, M. Brownbridge, M. Broza, B. Sneh

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Several new isolates of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner have shown significantly higher levels of insecticidal activity than the previous best isolates (Bt24- entomocidus and IH-A- aizawai) against both Spodoptera littoralis Boisd. and Spodoptera exempta Walker. The best ones, in the following descending order of potency, were: against S. littoralis — K26–21, MF4B–2, MR1–37, K28–30, K26–8; against S. exempta — Bt-3, K30–3, HD-133, MR1–37, Bt-17, K26–8, K26–21, MF4B-2, HD-593. Larvae of S. exempta were considerably more susceptible (4.12–1.25 fold) to some of the isolates (Bt-3, K30–3, HD-133, MR1–37, Bt-17, K26–8, HD-593) than S. littoralis. © 1991, Springer Science + Business Media B.V.. …

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Juvenile Hormone Binding To A 500-K Diapause-Associated Protein Of The Stem-Borer, Busseola Fusca, Ellie O. Osir, Gopalan C. Unnithan, Glenn D. Prestwich Jan 1991

Juvenile Hormone Binding To A 500-K Diapause-Associated Protein Of The Stem-Borer, Busseola Fusca, Ellie O. Osir, Gopalan C. Unnithan, Glenn D. Prestwich

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1. 1. The larval haemolymph of the stem-borer, Busseola fusca Fuller (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) contains a high molecular weight protein (Mr ∼ 500,000) that is induced only during diapause. This diapause-induced protein, termed Busseola diapause protein (BDP), has been previously isolated and characterized. 2. 2. In this study, BDP has been shown to be a specific juvenile hormone (JH) binder by labelling with epoxybisfarnesyl diazoacetate (EBDA), the photoactivatable analog of JH I (10R, 11S). 3. 3. In a direct binding assay, BDP was also shown to bind [3H]-JH I (10R, 11S) with high affinity (Kd ∼ 120 nM). 4. 4. These …

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Pheromonal Trapping Of Chilo Partellus (Swinhoe) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) Moths In Relation To Male Population Density And Competition With Females, Gopalan Chandran Unnithan, Kailash Narain Saxena Jan 1991

Pheromonal Trapping Of Chilo Partellus (Swinhoe) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) Moths In Relation To Male Population Density And Competition With Females, Gopalan Chandran Unnithan, Kailash Narain Saxena

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The numbers of laboratory-reared males of Chilo partellus (SWINHOE) which were released, both in a screenhouse and in the field, and recaptured in virgin female-baited traps were positively correlated. Pheromone trap catches were reduced by 75–100% when 18 or 36 virgin females were placed in two concentric circles of radii 10 m and 20 m occupying an area of 1,257 sq m. around the trap. Mated females surrounding the trap did not cause a significant decrease in the trap catch. Tethered virigin females surrounding a virgin female-baited trap competed successfully among themselves and with the trap for receptive males, the …

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Host Plant Selection By Helicoverpa Armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae): The Role Of Some Herbivore Attributes, S. Firempong, M. P. Zalucki Jan 1991

Host Plant Selection By Helicoverpa Armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae): The Role Of Some Herbivore Attributes, S. Firempong, M. P. Zalucki

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The effect of various ‘herbivore’ attributes on oviposition in Helicoverpa armigera were considered in a series of laboratory experiments. Larval diet did not influence the rank order of adult host preference, but early adult experience around a host increased oviposition on that host in subsequent trials. The presence of eggs laid 12 h before did not influence subsequent oviposition on a plant, although newly laid eggs may have. The presence of larvae, larval damage to plants and larval frass reduced oviposition on a plant. These results are discussed in relation to polyphagy in H. armigera. © 1991, CSIRO. All rights …

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Electrophoretic Study Of Enzymes From A Glossina Fuscipes Fuscipes Newstead Population From Western Kenya, G. F. Rajendram Jan 1991

Electrophoretic Study Of Enzymes From A Glossina Fuscipes Fuscipes Newstead Population From Western Kenya, G. F. Rajendram

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Enzymes were investigated, by electrophoresis, in a population of Glossina fuscipes fuscipes Newstead collected from Rusinga Island in Lake Victoria, Western Kenya. The following enzymes were tested: glucose phosphate isomerase. glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH). hexokinase, isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH), malate-dehydrogenase (MDH), phosphoglucomutase, and xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH). Single monomorphic bands were stained by the following enzymes apparently under the control of single loci: G6PDIL MDH, and XDH. The enzyme IDH showed two bands with very close mobilities and no variation among individuals in the population. Hence IDH was considered as representing a single locus. Glucose phosphate isomerase manifested three alleles and apparently six …

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Feeding Responses Of Chilo Partellus (Swinhoe) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) Larvae To Sorghum Plant Phenolics And Their Analogs, Baldwyn Torto, Ahmed Hassanali, Kailash N. Saxena, Sagary Nokoe Jan 1991

Feeding Responses Of Chilo Partellus (Swinhoe) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) Larvae To Sorghum Plant Phenolics And Their Analogs, Baldwyn Torto, Ahmed Hassanali, Kailash N. Saxena, Sagary Nokoe

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Phagostimulatory responses of third-instar larvae of Chilo Partellus to phenolic components identified in an ethyl acetate extract of the leaf whorls of 3-week-old plants of Sorghum bicolor cultivar IS 18363 were studied in no-choice bioassays. The major components in the extract were identified as 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde and 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, with 4-hydroxy-3-methoxycinnamic acid, 3,4-dihydroxycinnamic acid, and 4-hydroxycinnamic acid present in minor amounts. All but 4-hydroxycinnamic acid were stimulatory at the doses tested. 4-Hydroxybenzaldehyde was more stimulatory than other potential biogenetic analogs. Hydroxybenzoic acids generally elicited greater feeding response than cinnamic acids, and the pattern of oxygen substitution in the benzene ring was …

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