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The International Lepidoptera Survey Newsletter, March 2000, International Lepidoptera Survey

International Lepidoptera Survey Newsletter

Contents

Phyciodes batesii maconensis survey

Phyciodes batesii maconensis survey

Anthocharis midea

Scudder’s quaiapen

Mississippi Deciduphagus henrici

The Taxonomic Report publication update, review policy, and ICZN position

Nebline, March 2000

NEBLINE Newsletter Archive from Nebraska Extension in Lancaster County

Stormwater Management and Water Quality: Urban Nonpoint Source Pollution
All America Selection 2000 Winners
Pruning Mature Deciduous Shrubs
Educate Yourself Before You Buy
Carpenter Ants are Frustrating!
Get Ready for Babies!
“Tiny Red Dots Moving on My Window Sill”
Cats — Keeping the Urban Predator in Check
Farming in a Drought
Could We Still Have a Y2K Disaster?
Stockmen Prepare for Drought
Tanks vs. Ponds and Creeks for Livestock Water
Dry Conditions Expected Through Spring
The Business Plan: Executive Summary
To Prune is to Care
On the Plate...Supplement Label Changes
Convenient, Safe and Nutritious Foods: It’s in a Can
Healthy …

Cytochrome P450-Mediated N-Demethylation Activity And Induction In Insecticide-Resistant And Susceptible Western Corn Rootworm Populations (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), Michael E. Scharf, Blair Siegfried, Lance J. Meinke, Robert J. Wright, Laurence D. Chandler

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

Elevated cytochrome P450 monooxygenase-based metabolism is associated with carbaryl and methyl parathion resistance in western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte) populations in the state of Nebraska. The objectives of this study were to identify potential differences in cytochrome P450 in resistant and susceptible rootworm populations using the model substrate 4-chloro-N-methyl aniline (4-CNMA) and heme staining of microsomal proteins separated by SDS–PAGE. Baseline N-demethylation activity corresponded well with resistance to the N-methyl-substituted insecticide carbaryl among study populations. N-demethylation of 4-CNMA is NADPH dependent and inhibited by the cytochrome P450 inhibitor piperonyl butoxide, which confirms that the reaction is catalyzed …

Nebline, February 2000

NEBLINE Newsletter Archive from Nebraska Extension in Lancaster County

Southeast Nebraska Area Producers – SNAP, a history and update
2000 Perennial Plant of the Year
Basil
Mulches
Roosting birds making a mess?
Dust mites
EPA announces recall of AllerCare
Drought entering 2000 growing season
Sorghum seminar features marketing and production tips
Computerized financial record keeping
Selecting an alfalfa variety
Y2K dust bowl has arrived
The business plan
Water softening skin and detergent
Bait stations for rodent control
Stretching food dollars through the holidays
Healthy Eating: Winter Crisp
Heart healthy adventures
Focus on Food
Family & Community Education (FCE): Clarice's Column
FCE News
Raising boys to men
Ways to beat …

United States Patent: Buffalograss Plant Named "Ne86-61", Terrance P. Riordan, Frederick P. Baxendale, Ruth C. Hansen, Roch E. Gaussoin, Paul G. Johnson, Jennifer M. Johnson-Cicalese

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

A vegetatively reproduced buffalograss cultivar named NE86-61 is distinguished from other commercially produced buffalograss varieties by its excellent turfgrass color, cold tolerance, high density, dark green color, low growth habit, and rate of establishment. NE86-61 is also distinguished from other varieties by molecular markers and nuclear DNA content. NE86-61 is suitable for use in low to medium maintenance situations in arid and semi-arid climates of United States and Canada.

Larval Susceptibility Of An Insecticide-Resistant Western Corn Rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) Population To Soil Insecticides: Laboratory Bioassays, Assays Of Detoxification Enzymes, And Field Performance, Robert J. Wright, Michael E. Scharf, Lance J. Meinke, Xuguo Zhou, Blair D. Siegfried, Laurence D. Chandler

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

Soil insecticides were evaluated in laboratory and field studies against larvae of an insecticide resistant population (Phelps County, NE) of western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte. Insecticide toxicity was evaluated by topical application of technical insecticides to 3rd instars from Saunders County, NE (susceptible) and Phelps County populations. Resistance ratios (LD₅₀ Phelps County/LD₅₀ Saunders County) for the insecticides methyl parathion, tefluthrin, carbofuran, terbufos, and chlorpyrifos were 28.0, 9.3, 8.7, 2.6 and 1.3, respectively. Biochemical investigation of suspected enzymatic resistance mechanisms in 3rd instars identified significant elevation of esterase activity (alpha and beta naphthyl acetate hydrolysis [3.8- and …

United States Patent: Buffalograss Plant Named ‘Ne86-120’, Terrance Riordan, Frederick P. Baxendale, Roch E. Gaussoin, Paul Johnson, Jennifer M. Johnson-Cicalese, Edward John Kinbacher

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

A vegetatively reproduced buffalograss cultivar named 'NE86-120' is distinguished from other commercially produced buffalograss varieties by its excellent turfgrass color, cold tolerance, high density, dark green color, low growth habit, and rate of establishment. 'NE86-120' is also distinguished from other varieties by molecular markers and nuclear DNA content. 'NE86-120' is suitable for use in low to medium maintenance situations in arid and semi-arid climates of United States and Canada.

Revision Of Pedethma Weise (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), Steven W. Lingafelter, Alexander S. Konstantinov

USDA Systematic Entomology Laboratory

The flea beetle genus Pedethma Weise (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), occurring in Queensland and New South Wales, Australia, is revised. Pedethma fuscipennis Weise is designated as the type species. Lectotypes are designated for P. fuscipennis Weise, P. malandensis Weise, and P. suturalis Weise. Fourteen new species are described (type locality in parentheses): P. australiensis Lingafelter and Konstantinov (Queensland: Mt. Glorious National Park); P. cookensis Lingafelter and Konstantinov (Queensland: Mt. Cook); P. demiensis Lingafelter and Konstantinov (Queensland: Mt. Demi); P. howdeni Lingafelter and Konstantinov (Queensland: Mt. Lewis); P. humeromaculata Lingafelter and Konstantinov (Queensland: Windin Falls via Butchers Creek); P. kirejtshuki Lingafelter and Konstantinov …

New Records Of Two Xyleborus (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) In North America, Natalia J. Vandenberg, Robert J. Rabaglia, Donald E. Bright

USDA Systematic Entomology Laboratory

New American locality records are given for two exotic ambrosia beetles (Coleptera: Scolytidae) in the genus Xyleborus. Xyleborus pfeili (Ratzeburg), a widely distributed Old World species, is reported for the first time in North America, from three counties in Maryland. Xyleborus californicus Wood, of northern Palearctic origin, but previously established in the western United States, is reported for the first time from Maryland, Delaware, South Carolina and Arkansas. Diagnoses and descriptions are given for the two species, along with scanning electron micrographs of key characters. Modifications are made to a previous key to include these new additions to the eastern …

Nf422 Sunflower Head Moth Management, Ronald C. Seymour, Gary L. Hein, Ray E. Weed

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Sunflower head moth identification and biology, management, and chemical control. Sunflower head moth, Homoeosoma electellum (Hulst), can cause substantial economic loss to commercial sunflowers in Nebraska and the surrounding region. Populations of sunflower head moth vary tremendously from year to year. Consequently, pest monitoring is important each growing season to determine when moths first appear and the extent of the infestation. Field scouting in confection sunflower fields is critical because of their higher value and the importance of maintaining quality. Topics include sunflower head moth identification and biology, management, and chemical control.

Nebline, January 2000

NEBLINE Newsletter Archive from Nebraska Extension in Lancaster County

Is your house healthy?
Landscaping the front yard
Humidity in home effects plants too
Amaryllis — Save that bulb for next year
Air layering tropical plants
Got the winter itches? Read this and itch some more
The giving tree
Swarming ants in the middle of winter?
Winter bubbles
Area producers planning to shift production to value-added grains
Pesticide Applicators Training
Grain check can save crop
Nebraska Conservation Trees Program
Selecting trees and shrubs
Pruning windbreak trees
Fertilizing trees
Providing water for winter birds
A safe kitchen
Healthy Eating
What to do if your power goes off: freezer/refrigerator guidelines
Focus on …

A New Elfin Butterfly (Lycaenidae: Eumaeini) From Northern China With Comments On The Nomenclature Of Palaearctic Elfins, Kurt Johnson

The Taxonomic Report of the International Lepidoptera Survey

Ahlbergia hsui, new species, is described from two specimens recently collected in China’s Nan Shan area of endemism located along the boundary of northern China with Mongolia. In discussing the new species, the historical literature concerning Palaearctic elfin butterflies is reviewed and compared to nomenclatorial usages in D’Abrera’s widely disseminated 1993 treatment of Palaearctic butterflies; 25 errors or omissions in the latter treatment are corrected.

Thermotolerance And Rapid Cold Hardening Ameliorate The Negative Effects Of Brief Exposures To High Or Low Temperatures On Fecundity In The Flesh Fly, Sarcophaga Crassipalpis, Joseph Rinehart, George Yocum, David Denlinger

Entomology Papers from Other Sources

Although the immediate effects of temperature stress are well documented, the longer-term effects of such stresses are more poorly known. In these experiments, we investigate the effects of suboptimal and supraoptimal temperatures during pharate adult development on fecundity in the flesh fly, Sarcophaga crassipalpis Macquart. A 1 h cold shock at -10°C during the red-eye pharate adult stage decreases the fecundity of both sexes. Induction of rapid cold hardening by pre-treatment at 0°C for 2 h partially prevents reproductive impairment. Heat shock of pharate adults for 1 h at 45°C also reduces fecundity in both sexes, but inducing thermotolerance by …

Influence Of Western Corn Rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) Larval Injury On Photosynthetic Rate And Vegetative Growth Of Different Types Of Maize, Mario A. Urías-López, Lance J. Meinke, Leon G. Higley, Fikru J. Haile

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

Two field experiments were conducted in 1995-1996 to determine if there are common photosynthetic and vegetative growth responses among genotypes of maize, Zea mays L., to larval western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte injury. Specific variables measured from rootworm infested and noninfested plants were midday leaf photosynthetic rate, plant growth stage, and plant height during 9-18 leaf growth stages. Three yellow-dent hybrids, five white food-grade dent hybrids, and a popcorn hybrid were included in the study. Results suggest that there may be a common negative photosynthetic response within maize to larval injury during vegetative growth stages. Transient reductions in …

In Vivo Study On Combined Toxicity Of Metarhizium Anisopliae (Deuteromycotina: Hyphomycetes) Strain Esc-1 With Sublethal Doses Of Chlorpyrifos, Propetamphos, And Cyfluthrin Against German Cockroach (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae), Pari Pachamuthu, Shripat T. Kamble

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

The effect of Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschnikoff) Sorokin strain ESC-1 alone and in combination with sublethal doses of commercial formulations of chlorpyrifos, propetamphos and cyfluthrin on mortality of CSMA strain of German cockroach, Blattella germanica (L.), was determined by conducting in vivo studies that included 3 bioassays. Spores of M. anisopliae cultured on SDAY media had germination of >90%. Based on bioassay 1, doses ranging from 0.5 to 300 ppm of chlorpyrifos and propetamphos, and 0.05 to 40 ppm of cyfluthrin were selected for bioassays 2 and 3. Cockroach mortality ranged from 5 to 20% for insecticides alone and 48 to …

Assessing Nuclear And Mitochondrial Dna Sequence Variation Within Steinernema (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae), Allen L. Szalanski, David B. Taylor, Peter G. Mullin

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

DNA sequence analysis was used to characterize the nuclear ribosomal DNA ITS1 region and a portion of the COII and 16S rDNA genes of the mitochondrial genome from Steinernema entomopathogenic nematodes. Nuclear ITS1 nucleotide divergence among seven Steinernema spp. ranged from 6 to 22%, and mtDNA divergence among five species ranged from 12 to 20%. No intraspecific variation was observed among three S. feltiae strains. Phylogenetic analysis of both nuclear and mitochondrial DNA sequences confirms the existing morphological relationships of several Steinernema species. Both the rDNA ITS1 and mtDNA sequences were useful for resolving relationships among Steinernema taxa.

Influence Of Corn Phenology On Adult Western Corn Rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) Distribution, Stephanie J. Darnell, Lance J. Meinke, Linda J. Young

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

Field studies were designed to more clearly determine how adult western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte, population distribution patterns are altered over time by changes and contrasts in corn (Zea mays L.) plant phenology using whole-plant beetle counts as the sampling tool. In 1994, studies were conducted in a model system consisting of a late-planted corn strip placed in the middle of an early-planted cornfield. The system was replicated over three fields. Large-scale variation was modeled using trend-surface regression analysis to describe the relationship between beetle counts and distance from the center of the late-planted strip. In each …

Polymorphic Microsatellite Loci From The Lettuce Root Aphid, Pemphigus Bursarius, Nicholas Miller, A. J. Birley, G. M. Tatchell

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

Pemphigus bursarius is an occasional pest of agriculture with an annual life cycle that alternates between sexual reproduction on black poplars (Populus nigra) and parthenogenetic reproduction on the root systems of various Compositae, including lettuce. In general, aphids exhibit low allozyme variability (e.g. Tomiuk & Wöhrmann 1980), possibly as a consequence of the response of parthenogenetic lineages to natural selection (Hales et al. 1997). Microsatellite loci are typically more variable than allozymes (Tautz 1989) and are likely to provide a more informative system for the study of aphid populations.

Comparison Of Bt (Bacillus Thuringiensis Berliner) Maize And Conventional Measures For Control Of The European Corn Borer (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), Thomas L. Clark, J. E. Foster, Shripat T. Kamble, Elvis A. Heinrichs

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

Field experiments were conducted in 1997 to compare the efficacy Bt (Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner) maize hybrids and two conventional measures for control of the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hubner). Treatments consisted of transgenic Bt-maize hybrids and their non-Bt isolines, and isolines treated with a formulated Bt or permethrin insecticide. All control measures significantly reduced O. nubilalis damage in terms of tunnels per plant, length of tunneling, and larvae per plant. The following hierarchy in terms of O. nubilalis efficacy was observed: transgenic Bt > permethrin > formulated Bt > control. In most cases, transgenic Bt maize was most effective in preventing …

Genetic Relationship Among Diabrotica Species (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) Based On Rdna And Mtdna Sequences, Allen L. Szalanski, Richard L. Roehrdanz, David B. Taylor

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

Corn rootworms of the genus Diabrotica (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) are the most serious pest of corn in midwestern United States. Despite their economic importance, phylogenetic relationships within the genus remain unclear. Phylogenetic analysis of five Diabrotica species and subspecies was undertaken using DNA sequences of the nuclear rDNA first internal transcribed spacer region (ITS1) and a portion of the mtDNA cytochrome oxidase I and II genes (COI/COII). Parsimony and maximum likelihood analysis indicated that southern corn rootworm is sister to banded cucumber beetle, whereas, northern corn rootworm forms a distinct clade with western and Mexican corn rootworm. ITS1 and COI/COII were …

Hydrolase And Oxido-Reductase Activities In Diuraphis Noxia And Rhopalosiphum Padi (Hemiptera: Aphididae), Xinzhi Ni, Sharron S. Quisenberry, Saowaluck Pornkulwat, James Lester Figarola, Steven R. Skoda, John E. Foster

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

Four hydrolases and five oxido-reductases were examined using native stacking polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Homogenate of Russian wheat aphid, Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko), bird cherry-oat aphid, Rhopalosiphum padi (L.), "Arapahoe" (aphid-susceptible) and "Halt" (aphid-resistant) wheat, Triticum aestivum L., and powdery mildew-infected Erysiphe graminis DC. ex Merat f. sp. tritici Em. Marchal, Arapahoe wheat leaves were assayed for enzyme activities. Pectinesterase, polygalacturonase (or pectinase), cellulase, and amylase activities were examined in the hydrolase group. Catalase, peroxidase, catechol oxidase, superoxide dismutase, and ascorbate oxidase activities were examined in the group of oxido-reductases. The two aphid species had the same hydrolases but different oxido-reductases. Although …

Differentiation Of Three Phenotypically Similar Blattella Spp.: Analysis With Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism Of Mitochondrial Dna, Pari Pachamuthu, Shripat T. Kamble, Thomas L. Clark, John E. Foster

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

Differentiation of Blattella asahinai Mizukubo, Blattella vaga Hebard, and Blattella germanica (L.) was investigated using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). DNA fragments corresponding to mitochondrial CO1,CO1/TL2(small and large fragments), and ITS2 regions were amplified using PCR. The universal primers used for amplifying mitochondrial CO1 and CO1/TL2 (small and large fragments) were CO1-J-1718/CO1- N-2191, CO1-J-2441/TL2-N-3014, and CO1-J-1751/TL2-N-3014. Amplification was observed with all primer combinations, but diagnostic patterns were found only with AluI digested amplicons of CO1 and CO1/TL2 (large fragments) regions. Both inter/intraspecific polymorphism was observed for the 517 bp CO1 region between German (A, B) and Asian …

Salinity And Shade Preferences Result In Ovipositional Differences Between Sympatric Tiger Beetle Species, W. Wyatt Hoback, Douglas A. Golick, Tina Marie Svatos, Stephen M. Spomer, Leon G. Higley

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

1. Adult tiger beetles of the genus Cicindela often co-occur within a habitat but larvae do not. Larvae are sedentary and form usually permanent burrows at the site of oviposition where they require 1-3 years for development.

2. To test niche partitioning based on ovipositional preference, the behavior of two sympatric salt marsh tiger beetles, Cicindela circumpicta and C. togata (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae), were examined.

3. In laboratory studies, female C. circumpicta and C. togata distinguished between experimental salinities, with the former preferring 4 parts per thousand (ppt) and the latter preferring 12 ppt. In the field, C. circumpicta larvae were …

Strepsipteran Parasitism Of White Leafhoppers, Cofana Spp. (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) In Lowland Rice In Côte D’Ivoire, I. O. Oyediran, A. Ndongidila, E. A. Heinrichs

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

Three tests were conducted over a 2-year period in lowland irrigated rice fields on the WARDA Research Station at Bouaké, Côte d’Ivoire, to obtain information on the strepsipteran parasitism of white leafhoppers, Cofana spectra and C. unimaculata. Rice cultivars were sampled with a sweep net to collect leafhoppers for determination of the relative abundance of the two leafhopper species and the effect of rice cultivar and rice crop age on the leafhopper populations and percent strepsipteran parasitism. Dissections of the leafhoppers were made to determine the relative number of the various parasitic stages in the leafhoppers. Cofana unimaculata populations …