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University of Nebraska - Lincoln

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Full-Text Articles in Entomology

Mobilization Of Lipids And Fortification Of Cell Wall And Cuticle Are Important In Host Defense Against Hessian Fly, Chitvan Khajuria, Haiyan Wang, Xuming Liu, Shanda Wheeler, John C. Reese, Mustapha El Bouhssini, R. Jeff Whitworth, Ming-Shun Chen Jan 2013

Mobilization Of Lipids And Fortification Of Cell Wall And Cuticle Are Important In Host Defense Against Hessian Fly, Chitvan Khajuria, Haiyan Wang, Xuming Liu, Shanda Wheeler, John C. Reese, Mustapha El Bouhssini, R. Jeff Whitworth, Ming-Shun Chen

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

Background: Wheat – Hessian fly interaction follows a typical gene-for-gene model. Hessian fly larvae die in wheat plants carrying an effective resistance gene, or thrive in susceptible plants that carry no effective resistance gene.

Results: Gene sets affected by Hessian fly attack in resistant plants were found to be very different from those in susceptible plants. Differential expression of gene sets was associated with differential accumulation of intermediates in defense pathways. Our results indicated that resources were rapidly mobilized in resistant plants for defense, including extensive membrane remodeling and release of lipids, sugar catabolism, and amino acid transport …


Nebline, January 2013 Jan 2013

Nebline, January 2013

NEBLINE Newsletter Archive from Nebraska Extension in Lancaster County

Feature: 4-H School Enrichment Programs Bring Hands-On Learning to Local Classrooms

Farm Views

Urban Agriculture

Food & Fitness

Home & Family Living

Horticulture

Environmental Focus

4-H & Youth

Community Focus

Extension Calendar

Nutrition Education Program

Family and Community Education (FCE) Clubs

and other extension news and events

2012 Annual Report Special Pullout Section


Ixodid Ticks Associated With Feral Swine In Texas, David M. Sanders, Anthony L. Schuster, P. Wesley Mccardle, Otto F. Strey, Terry L. Blankenship, Pete D. Teel Jan 2013

Ixodid Ticks Associated With Feral Swine In Texas, David M. Sanders, Anthony L. Schuster, P. Wesley Mccardle, Otto F. Strey, Terry L. Blankenship, Pete D. Teel

United States Army: Publications

Ixodid ticks were collected from feral swine in eight Texas ecoregions from 2008-2011. Sixty-two percent of 806 feral swine were infested with one or more of the following species: Amblyomma americanum, A. cajennense, A. maculatum, Dermacentor albipictus, D. halli, D. variabilis, and Ixodes scapularis. Juvenile and adult feral swine of both sexes were found to serve as host to ixodid ticks. Longitudinal surveys of feral swine at four geographic locations show persistent year-round tick infestations of all gender-age classes for tick species common to their respective geographic locations and …


Metabolic Engineering Of Raffinose-Family Oligosaccharides In The Phloem Reveals Alterations In Carbon Partitioning And Enhances Resistance To Green Peach Aphid, Te Cao, Ipsita Lahiri, Vijay Singh, Joe Louis, Jyoti Shah, Brian G. Ayre Jan 2013

Metabolic Engineering Of Raffinose-Family Oligosaccharides In The Phloem Reveals Alterations In Carbon Partitioning And Enhances Resistance To Green Peach Aphid, Te Cao, Ipsita Lahiri, Vijay Singh, Joe Louis, Jyoti Shah, Brian G. Ayre

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

Many plants employ energized loading strategies to accumulate osmotically-active solutes into the phloem of source organs to accentuate the hydrostatic pressure gradients that drive the flow of water, nutrients and signals from source to sinks. Proton-coupled symport of sugars from the apoplasm into the phloem symplasm is the best studied phloem-loading mechanism. As an alternative, numerous species use a polymer trapping mechanism to load through symplasm: sucrose enters the phloem through specialized plasmodesmata and is converted to raffinose-family oligosaccharides (RFOs) which accumulate because of their larger size. In this study, metabolic engineering was used to generate RFOs at the inception …


Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism Used To Investigate Genetic Variability Of The Stable Fly (Diptera: Muscidae) Across North America, K. M. Kneeland, S. R. Skoda, John E. Foster Jan 2013

Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism Used To Investigate Genetic Variability Of The Stable Fly (Diptera: Muscidae) Across North America, K. M. Kneeland, S. R. Skoda, John E. Foster

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

The stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans (L.), is a cosmopolitan pest of livestock and humans. The pestiferous nature and painful bite cause stress to cattle and other animals. The stress and resulting avoidance behaviors manifest as reductions in weight gain or milk production in cattle; estimated annual economic loss in the United States exceeds US$2 billion. Understanding the population genetics of stable flies could provide information on their population dynamics, origins of outbreaks, and geographical patterns of insecticide resistance, resulting in a tactical advantage for developing management strategies. Previous studies, mostly on a local scale, reported a high level of gene …


Western Bean Cutworm Survival And The Development Of Economic Injury Levels And Economic Thresholds In Field Corn, Silvana L. Vieira De Paula Moraes, Thomas E. Hunt, Robert J. Wright, Gary L. Hein, Erin E. Blankenship Jan 2013

Western Bean Cutworm Survival And The Development Of Economic Injury Levels And Economic Thresholds In Field Corn, Silvana L. Vieira De Paula Moraes, Thomas E. Hunt, Robert J. Wright, Gary L. Hein, Erin E. Blankenship

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

Western bean cutworm, Striacosta albicosta (Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is a native pest of dry beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and corn (Zea mays L.). Historically, the western bean cutworm was distributed in the western United States, but since 1999 eastward expansion has been observed. In corn, economic impact is caused by larval ear feeding. Information on western bean cutworm biology, ecology, and economic impact is relatively limited, and the development of economic injury levels (EILs) and economic thresholds (ETs) is required for more effective management. Studies during 2008-2011, across three ecoregions of Nebraska, sought to characterize western bean cutworm …


Estimating The Frequency Of Cry1f Resistance In Field Populations Of The European Corn Borer (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), Blair D. Siegfried, Murugesan Rangasamy, Haichuan Wang, Terence Spencer, Chirakkal V. Haridas, Brigitte Tenhumberg, Douglas V. Sumerford, Nicholas P. Storer Jan 2013

Estimating The Frequency Of Cry1f Resistance In Field Populations Of The European Corn Borer (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), Blair D. Siegfried, Murugesan Rangasamy, Haichuan Wang, Terence Spencer, Chirakkal V. Haridas, Brigitte Tenhumberg, Douglas V. Sumerford, Nicholas P. Storer

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: Transgenic corn hybrids that express toxins from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) have suppressed European corn borer populations and reduced the pest status of this insect throughout much of the US corn belt. A major assumption of the high-dose/refuge strategy proposed for insect resistancemanagement and Bt corn is that the frequency of resistance alleles is low so that resistant pests surviving exposure to Bt corn will be rare.

RESULTS: The frequency of resistance to the Cry1F Bt toxin was estimated using twodifferent screening tools andcompared with annual susceptibility monitoring based on diagnostic bioassays and LC50 and EC50 determinations. An …


Odonata Species Of Special Concern For Oklahoma, Usa, Michael A. Patten, Brenda D. Smith-Patten Jan 2013

Odonata Species Of Special Concern For Oklahoma, Usa, Michael A. Patten, Brenda D. Smith-Patten

Entomology Papers from Other Sources

Assessment of conservation status is a necessary step before management plans can be formulated. Historically such assessments have a strong bias toward vertebrates, particularly endothermic terrestrial vertebrates (i.e. birds and mammals). Invertebrates, by contrast, tend to be ignored, and many insect groups, despite being species rich and reasonably well studied, such as the Odonata (damselflies and dragonflies), have not been assessed or have been assessed only at a broad geographic level (e.g. internationally or continentally). Assessment at a state level recognizes that states often are at the front of regional and local conservation and management planning and implementation. On the …


Elevational Distribution And Conservation Biogeography Of Phanaeine Dung Beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeinae) In Bolivia, Sebastian K. Herzog, A. Caroli Hamel-Leigue, Trond H. Larsen, Darren J. Mann, Rodrigo W. Soria- Auza, Bruce D. Gill, William D. Edmonds, Sacha Spector Jan 2013

Elevational Distribution And Conservation Biogeography Of Phanaeine Dung Beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeinae) In Bolivia, Sebastian K. Herzog, A. Caroli Hamel-Leigue, Trond H. Larsen, Darren J. Mann, Rodrigo W. Soria- Auza, Bruce D. Gill, William D. Edmonds, Sacha Spector

Entomology Papers from Other Sources

Insect macroecology and conservation biogeography studies are disproportionately scarce, especially in the Neotropics. Dung beetles are an ideal focal taxon for biodiversity research and conservation. Using distribution and body size data on the ecologically important Phanaeini, the best-known Neotropical dung beetle tribe, we determined elevational patterns of species richness, endemism, body size, and elevational range in Bolivia, specifically testing Bergmann’s and Rapoport’s rule. Richness of all 39 species and of 15 ecoregional endemics showed a hump-shaped pattern peaking at 400 m, but overall declined strongly with elevation up to 4000 m. The relationship between endemic and total species richness appeared …


Unlinked Genetic Loci Control The Reduced Transcription Of Aminopeptidase N 1 And 3 In The European Corn Borer And Determine Tolerance To Bacillus Thuringiensis Cry1ab Toxin, Brad S. Coates, Douglas V. Sumerford, Blair Siegfried, Richard L. Hellmich, Craig A. Abel Jan 2013

Unlinked Genetic Loci Control The Reduced Transcription Of Aminopeptidase N 1 And 3 In The European Corn Borer And Determine Tolerance To Bacillus Thuringiensis Cry1ab Toxin, Brad S. Coates, Douglas V. Sumerford, Blair Siegfried, Richard L. Hellmich, Craig A. Abel

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

Transgenic expression of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) crystalline (Cry) toxins by crop plants result in reduced insect feeding damage, but sustainability is threatened by the development of resistance traits in target insect populations. We investigated Bt toxin resistance trait in a laboratory colony of the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis, selected for increased survival when exposed to Cry1Ab and correlated survival on Cry1Ab toxin with a constitutive~146.2 ± 17.3-fold reduction in midgut aminopeptidase N1 (apn1) transcript levels. A 7.1 ± 1.9-fold reduction apn3 transcript level was also correlated with Cry1Ab resistance. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping identified a single major …


Aquatic Macroinvertebrate Communities And Water Quality At Buffered And Non-Buffered Wetland Sites On Federal Waterfowl Production Areas In The Rainwater Basin, Nebraska, John R. Riens, Matt S. Schwarz, Fatima Mustafa, William Wyatt Hoback Jan 2013

Aquatic Macroinvertebrate Communities And Water Quality At Buffered And Non-Buffered Wetland Sites On Federal Waterfowl Production Areas In The Rainwater Basin, Nebraska, John R. Riens, Matt S. Schwarz, Fatima Mustafa, William Wyatt Hoback

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

Nebraska’s Rainwater Basin has an abundance of natural wetlands and is a focal point in the annual migration corridor used by millions of waterfowl and shorebirds. However, these wetlands are in a landscape dominated by agriculture and as a result, siltation and poor water quality are continual problems. We evaluated twelve wetland sites on federally managed Waterfowl Protection Areas from 2007 – 2009 for water quality, sediment quality, andmacroinvertebrate diversity. Six of the sites received agricultural runoff directly via culverts and drainage ditches (non-buffered sites) and six siteswere protected from agricultural runoff by a vegetated buffer (buffered sites). Mean total …


Towards The Elements Of Successful Insect Rnai, Jeffrey G. Scott, Kristin Michel, L. Bartholomay, Blair Siegfried, Wayne B. Hunter, Guy Smagghe, Kun Yan Zhu, Angela E. Douglas Jan 2013

Towards The Elements Of Successful Insect Rnai, Jeffrey G. Scott, Kristin Michel, L. Bartholomay, Blair Siegfried, Wayne B. Hunter, Guy Smagghe, Kun Yan Zhu, Angela E. Douglas

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

RNA interference (RNAi), the sequence-specific suppression of gene expression, offers great opportunities for insect science, especially to analyze gene function, manage pest populations, and reduce disease pathogens. The accumulating body of literature on insect RNAi has revealed that the efficiency of RNAi varies between different species, the mode of RNAi delivery, and the genes being targeted. There is also variation in the duration of transcript suppression. At present, we have a limited capacity to predict the ideal experimental strategy for RNAi of a particular gene/insect because of our incomplete understanding of whether and how the RNAi signal is amplified and …


Immature Stages Of Spodoptera Albula (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae): Developmental Parameters And Host Plants, Débora G. Montezano, Alexandre Specht, Tarciso M. Bortolin, Edegar Fronza, Daniel Ricardo Sosa-Gómez, Vânia F. Roque-Specht, Patricia Pezzi, Priscila C. Luz, Neiva M. Barros Jan 2013

Immature Stages Of Spodoptera Albula (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae): Developmental Parameters And Host Plants, Débora G. Montezano, Alexandre Specht, Tarciso M. Bortolin, Edegar Fronza, Daniel Ricardo Sosa-Gómez, Vânia F. Roque-Specht, Patricia Pezzi, Priscila C. Luz, Neiva M. Barros

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

This study aimed to detail the temporal and morphological parameters of the immature stages of Spodoptera albula (Walker 1857) under controlled conditions (25 ± 1°C, 70 ± 10% RH and 14 hour photophase) and to gather information about their larval host plants. For this purpose, a new rearing method and artificial diet was employed and validated. The viability of the egg, larval, pupal and pre-pupal stages was 94.54, 97.33, 93.84 and 92.34%, respectively. The average duration of the egg, larval, pupal and pre-pupal stages was 4.14, 16.37, 1.69, and 9.34 days, respectively. During the larval stage, 80.85% of females and …


Current Known Range Of The Platte River Caddisfly, Ironoquia Plattensis, And Genetic Variability Among Populations From Three Nebraska Rivers, Lindsay A. Vivian, Michael Cavallaro, Kate Kneeland, Erica Lindroth, W. Wyatt Hoback, Kerri M. Farnsworth-Hoback, Robert R. Harms, John E. Foster Jan 2013

Current Known Range Of The Platte River Caddisfly, Ironoquia Plattensis, And Genetic Variability Among Populations From Three Nebraska Rivers, Lindsay A. Vivian, Michael Cavallaro, Kate Kneeland, Erica Lindroth, W. Wyatt Hoback, Kerri M. Farnsworth-Hoback, Robert R. Harms, John E. Foster

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

The Platte River caddisfly (Ironoquia plattensis Alexander and Whiles 2000) was recently described from a warm-water slough along the Platte River in central Nebraska and was considered abundant at the type locality. Surveys of 48 sites in 1999 and 2004 found eight additional sites with this species on the Platte River. The caddisfly was not found at the type locality in 2004 and one additional site in 2007, presumably because of drought conditions. Because of its apparent rarity and decline, the Platte River caddisfly is a Tier I species in Nebraska. For this project, surveys for the caddisfly were …


Role Of A Gamma-Aminobutryic Acid (Gaba) Receptor Mutation In The Evolution And Spread Of Diabrotica Virgifera Virgifera Resistance To Cyclodiene Insecticides, H. Wang, B. S. Coates, H. Chen, T. W. Sappington, T. Guillemaud, B. D. Siegfried Jan 2013

Role Of A Gamma-Aminobutryic Acid (Gaba) Receptor Mutation In The Evolution And Spread Of Diabrotica Virgifera Virgifera Resistance To Cyclodiene Insecticides, H. Wang, B. S. Coates, H. Chen, T. W. Sappington, T. Guillemaud, B. D. Siegfried

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

The western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera, is a damaging pest of cultivated corn that was controlled by applications of cyclodiene insecticides from the late 1940s until resistance evolved ~10 years later. Range expansion from the western plains into eastern USA coincides with resistance development. An alanine to serine amino acid substitution within the Rdl subunit of the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor confers resistance to cyclodiene insecticides in many species. We found that the nonsynonymous single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) G/T at the GABA receptor cDNA position 838 (G/T838) of D. v. virgifera resulted in the alanine to …


Inheritance Of Cry1f Resistance, Crossresistance And Frequency Of Resistant Alleles In Spodoptera Frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), A. M. Vélez, T. A. Spencer, A. P. Alves, D. Moellenbeck, R. L. Meagher, H. Chirakkal, B. D. Siegfried Jan 2013

Inheritance Of Cry1f Resistance, Crossresistance And Frequency Of Resistant Alleles In Spodoptera Frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), A. M. Vélez, T. A. Spencer, A. P. Alves, D. Moellenbeck, R. L. Meagher, H. Chirakkal, B. D. Siegfried

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

Transgenic maize, Zea maize L., expressing the Cry1F protein from Bacillus thuringiensis has been registered for Spodoptera frugiperda ( J. E. Smith) control since 2003. Unexpected damage to Cry1F maize was reported in 2006 in Puerto Rico and Cry1F resistance in S. frugiperda was documented. The inheritance of Cry1F resistance was characterized in a S. frugiperda resistant strain originating from Puerto Rico, which displayed >289-fold resistance to purified Cry1F. Concentration–response bioassays of reciprocal crosses of resistant and susceptible parental populations indicated that resistance is recessive and autosomal. Bioassays of the backcross of the F1 generation crossed with the resistant parental …


Colony Genetic Structure Of Reticulitermes Flavipes (Kollar) From Natural Populations In Nebraska, Abdul Hafiz Ab Majid, Shripat T. Kamble, Nicholas J. Miller Jan 2013

Colony Genetic Structure Of Reticulitermes Flavipes (Kollar) From Natural Populations In Nebraska, Abdul Hafiz Ab Majid, Shripat T. Kamble, Nicholas J. Miller

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

Genetic markers are a powerful tool to investigate the breeding structure and population genetics of subterranean termites. In this study, 1 0 - 2 0 subterranean termite workers, Reticulitermes flavipes (Kollar) were collected from colonies at 8 sites, separated by at least 200 m. Ten workers from each site were genotyped at 7 microsatellite loci. The data revealed that all 7 microsatellites were polymorphic with up to 6 alleles per locus. The frequency of most the common allele ranged from 0.11 - 0.60. Observed patterns of genetic variation within colonies revealed that most were the result of fusions of multiple …


Genetic Diversity And Relatedness Of The Mangrove Rhizophora Mangle L. (Rhizophoraceae) Using Amplified Fragment Polymorphism (Aflp) Among Locations In Florida, Usa And The Caribbean, M. Albrecht, K. M. Kneeland, E. Lindroth, John E. Foster Jan 2013

Genetic Diversity And Relatedness Of The Mangrove Rhizophora Mangle L. (Rhizophoraceae) Using Amplified Fragment Polymorphism (Aflp) Among Locations In Florida, Usa And The Caribbean, M. Albrecht, K. M. Kneeland, E. Lindroth, John E. Foster

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

Rhizophora mangle L. is a widespread mangrove species in theWestern Hemisphere. Mangrove habitat loss and their importance to coastal and reef ecosystems make greater understanding of their genetic structure useful for conservation and management. An amplified fragment polymorphism (AFLP) analysis was performed on samples from Florida and the Caribbean to discover the genetic structure present. R. mangle had variable genetic diversity not related to latitude; P ranged 7 %–92 %. Some other factor, perhaps human impact, has caused low genetic diversity in some populations. Across Florida R. mangle populations varied in genetic diversity with less diversity (Gst=0.195) and …


Dna Barcode Of Thief Ant Complex (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), Ralph B. Narain, Shripat T. Kamble, Thomas O. Powers, Timothy S. Harris Jan 2013

Dna Barcode Of Thief Ant Complex (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), Ralph B. Narain, Shripat T. Kamble, Thomas O. Powers, Timothy S. Harris

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

The thief ant, Solenopsis molesta (Say), a common nuisance species found throughout the United States is genetically related to red imported fire ants, S. invicta Buren. Therefore, its identification at the molecular level is very important. The deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) barcoding, a recent technique was used to identify thief ant complex at species and subspecies levels using a short DNA sequence from the cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COI) mitochondrial region. The DNA from thief ants collected from 9 states was extracted using Qiagen's Gentra PUREGENE® DNA Isolation Kit. The polymerase chain reactions (PCR) were run on the extracted DNA to …


Dietary Supplementation With Pollen Enhances Survival And Collembola Boosts Fitness Of A Web-Building Spider, Jason M. Schmidt, Julie A. Peterson, Jonathan Lundgren, James D. Harwood Jan 2013

Dietary Supplementation With Pollen Enhances Survival And Collembola Boosts Fitness Of A Web-Building Spider, Jason M. Schmidt, Julie A. Peterson, Jonathan Lundgren, James D. Harwood

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

Uncertainties exist about the value of non-prey food for predators that are commonly food-limited, and the dietary conditions where non-prey foods are beneficial for carnivorous species. Prior studies show that large quantities of pollen grains are intercepted in the webs of web-building spiders. We examined the nutritional benefits of pollen as a non-prey food for a common ground-dwelling, sheet web-building spider, Mermessus fradeorum (Berland) (Araneae: Linyphiidae). These predators were provided diets of prey or no prey in the presence and absence of pollen. Treatment effects were quantified by measuring predator body nutrient composition, survival, body size, and offspring production. Per …


Bacillus Thuringiensis: Transgenic Crops, Julie A. Peterson, John J. Obrycki, James D. Harwood Jan 2013

Bacillus Thuringiensis: Transgenic Crops, Julie A. Peterson, John J. Obrycki, James D. Harwood

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) crops, genetically modified to express insecticidal toxins that target key pests of corn, cotton, rice, potato, and other crops, have been rapidly adopted and have become dominant fixtures in agroecosystems throughout the world. Due to the constitutive nature of Bt toxin expression, insecticidal proteins may be found in nearly all plant tissues, presenting multiple sources for Bt toxins to enter the environment, thus creating complex direct and indirect pathways for non-target organisms to be exposed to insecticidal proteins. The environmental impacts of Bt crops have been widely debated, although both benefits and risks do exist. Benefits of …


Taxonomy And Biogeography Of The New Caledonian Species Of Xylopia L. (Annonaceae), David M. Johnson, Jérôme Munzinger, Julie A. Peterson, Nancy A. Murray Jan 2013

Taxonomy And Biogeography Of The New Caledonian Species Of Xylopia L. (Annonaceae), David M. Johnson, Jérôme Munzinger, Julie A. Peterson, Nancy A. Murray

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

A taxonomic review of the New Caledonian representatives of the pantropical tree genus Xylopia L. (Annonaceae) is presented based on museum study of 157 collections. Distinctions are clarified among the four endemic species, two of them previously undescribed in flower and two others described in the literature from only the type collections. A key and species descriptions are presented. Xylopia pancheri Baill., the most frequently collected species, occurs in maquis environments with ultramafic rocks in the central and southern regions of the island, as well as on the Ile des Pins. Xylopia vieillardii Baill. is widespread in low elevation humid …


Non Target Effect Of Cry1 Ab And Cry Ab X Cry3 Bb1 Bt Transgenic Maize On Orius Insidiosus (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) Abundance, Santiago A. Palizada, Difabachew K. Belay, Bamphitlhi Tiroesele, Fatima Mustafa, Muhammad Ullah, Thomas Hunt, Jaime Molina-Ochoa, S. R. Skoda, Pete L. Clark, John E. Foster Jan 2013

Non Target Effect Of Cry1 Ab And Cry Ab X Cry3 Bb1 Bt Transgenic Maize On Orius Insidiosus (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) Abundance, Santiago A. Palizada, Difabachew K. Belay, Bamphitlhi Tiroesele, Fatima Mustafa, Muhammad Ullah, Thomas Hunt, Jaime Molina-Ochoa, S. R. Skoda, Pete L. Clark, John E. Foster

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

Non-target effects of Cry1Ab x CP4 EPSPS and Cry1Ab+Cry3Bb1×CP4 EPSPS Bt transgenic new maize hybrids on insidious flower bugs [Orius insidiosus (Say)] was studied in Nebraska (Mead, C lay Center, and Concord) during 2007 and 2008. The Bt effect was compared to CP4 EPSPS maize (isoline), conventional maize, and insecticide applications of permethrin (Pounce® 1.5G) and bifenthrin (Capture® 2EC) to control first and second generations of Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner), respectively. Yellow sticky cards, visual observations, and destructive samplings were used to evaluate O. insidiosus abundance. The yellow sticky card data in 2007 showed that O. insidiosus abundance was lower …


Inter- And Intraspecific Identification Of The Screwworm, Cochliomyia Hominivorax, Using Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna-Polymerase Chain Reaction, Steven R. Skoda, James L. Figarola, Saowaluck Pornkulwat, John E. Foster Jan 2013

Inter- And Intraspecific Identification Of The Screwworm, Cochliomyia Hominivorax, Using Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna-Polymerase Chain Reaction, Steven R. Skoda, James L. Figarola, Saowaluck Pornkulwat, John E. Foster

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

The screwworm, Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel) (Diptera: Calliphoridae), is one of the most devastating arthropod pests of livestock in the Western Hemisphere. Early instars are very difficult to distinguish morphologically from several closely related blow fly species. Random amplified polymorphic DNA-polymerase chain reaction (RAPD-PCR) markers were developed for identifying C. hominivorax from other wound inhabiting species. Forty decameric primers were screened; nine showed clear reproducible RAPD profiles suitable for distinguishing all life stages of C. hominivorax from 7 other species, including C. macellaria (Fabricius). The results from RAPD-PCR with field-collected samples of unknown first instars agreed with morphological identification that the …


Comparative Binding Of Cry1ab And Cry1f Bacillus Thuringiensis Toxins To Brush Border Membrane Proteins From Ostrinia Nubilalis, Ostrinia Furnacalis And Diatraea Saccharalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) Midgut Tissue, Sek Yee Tan, Bonifacio F. Cayabyab, Edwin P. Alcantara, Fangneng Huang, Kanglai He, Kenneth Nickerson, Blair Siegfried Jan 2013

Comparative Binding Of Cry1ab And Cry1f Bacillus Thuringiensis Toxins To Brush Border Membrane Proteins From Ostrinia Nubilalis, Ostrinia Furnacalis And Diatraea Saccharalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) Midgut Tissue, Sek Yee Tan, Bonifacio F. Cayabyab, Edwin P. Alcantara, Fangneng Huang, Kanglai He, Kenneth Nickerson, Blair Siegfried

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

The European (Ostrinia nubilalis Hübner) and Asian corn borers (Ostrinia furnacalis Guenée) are closely related and display similar sensitivity to Cry1 toxins. In this study, we compared the binding patterns of Cry1Ab and Cry1F toxins between both Ostrinia spp., as well as the expression of putative cad­herin and aminopeptidase-N (APN)-like protein receptors. Additionally, cDNA sequences of these putative toxin receptors from both Ostrinia species were compared. Ligand blots for both species indicated a similar binding pattern for Cry1Ab with the strongest immunoreactive band at 260 kDa in both species. In addition, similar expression of the putative cadherin- and …


Female Mate Choice For Multimodal Courtship And The Importance Of The Signaling Background For Selection On Male Ornamentation, Jay A. Stafstrom, Eileen A. Hebets Jan 2013

Female Mate Choice For Multimodal Courtship And The Importance Of The Signaling Background For Selection On Male Ornamentation, Jay A. Stafstrom, Eileen A. Hebets

Eileen Hebets Publications

Conspicuous visual ornaments are frequently incorporated into complex courtship displays that integrate signal components from multiple sensory modalities. Mature male Schizocosa crassipes (Walckenaer, 1837) wolf spiders wave, arch, and tap their ornamented forelegs in a visual courtship display that simultaneously incorporates seismic components. To determine the importance of modality-specific signal components in female mate choice, we used a signal ablation design and compared the mating frequency of female-male pairs across signaling environments with manipulated modality-specific transmission properties. We found that the successful transmission of isolated visual or seismic signaling was sufficient for mating success; neither signaling modality was necessary. Additionally, …


Diversification Under Sexual Selection: The Relative Roles Of Mate Preference Strength And The Degree Of Divergence In Mate Preferences, Rafael L. Rodríguez, Janette W. Boughman, David A. Gray, Eileen A. Hebets, Gerlinde Höbel, Laurel B. Symes Jan 2013

Diversification Under Sexual Selection: The Relative Roles Of Mate Preference Strength And The Degree Of Divergence In Mate Preferences, Rafael L. Rodríguez, Janette W. Boughman, David A. Gray, Eileen A. Hebets, Gerlinde Höbel, Laurel B. Symes

Eileen Hebets Publications

The contribution of sexual selection to diversification remains poorly understood after decades of research. This may be in part because studies have focused predominantly on the strength of sexual selection, which offers an incomplete view of selection regimes. By contrast, students of natural selection focus on environmental differences that help compare selection regimes across populations. To ask how this disparity in focus may affect the conclusions of evolutionary research, we relate the amount of diversification in mating displays to quantitative descriptions of the strength and the amount of divergence in mate preferences across a diverse set of case studies of …


Compositions And Methods For Synergistic Manipulation Of Plant And Insect Defenses, Graham Moores, Georgina Bingham Dec 2012

Compositions And Methods For Synergistic Manipulation Of Plant And Insect Defenses, Graham Moores, Georgina Bingham

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

This invention relates to the control of plant pests, such as aphid and whitefly by treating plants with a compound which inhibits the plant pests ability to overcome plant defense responses, such as piperonyl butoxide or propyl gallate, in combination with a compound which activates plant defense responses, such as cis-Jasmone or beta-aminobutyric acid.


Investigations On Rangeland Grasshoppers: Ecoregion Level Distribution, Identification, Feeding Performance, And Vegetation Clipping, Muhammad Ullah Dec 2012

Investigations On Rangeland Grasshoppers: Ecoregion Level Distribution, Identification, Feeding Performance, And Vegetation Clipping, Muhammad Ullah

Department of Entomology: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Short-horned grasshoppers (Orthoptera: Acrididae) were studied in the field as well as in laboratory for their distribution, identification, preferred food plants and feeding damage. These grasshoppers are important potential pests of rangelands where they compete for forage with cattle. Examination of the 20 most common grasshoppers by levels 3 and 4 of Nebraska ecoregions revealed specific habitat use and may be helpful in predicting hotspots. The relative abundance of all species analyzed showed at least some significant differences at ecoregion level 4 and two species showed single ecoregion that differed from all others at level 3.

Grasshoppers belonging to subfamilies …


Comparison Of Three Collection Techniques For Capture Of Coleoptera, With An Emphasis On Saproxylic Species, In Great Smoky Mountains National Park, Usa, Michael L. Ferro, Matthew L. Gimmel, Kyle E. Harms, Christopher E. Carlton Nov 2012

Comparison Of Three Collection Techniques For Capture Of Coleoptera, With An Emphasis On Saproxylic Species, In Great Smoky Mountains National Park, Usa, Michael L. Ferro, Matthew L. Gimmel, Kyle E. Harms, Christopher E. Carlton

Insecta Mundi

Collection methods and/or habitats sampled influence how many and which species are captured during entomological surveys. Here we compare Coleoptera catches among three survey activities, each using a single collection method, at the same study sites in Great Smoky Mountains National Park, USA. Activities included: short-term flight intercept trapping (FITs); sifting/Berlese funneling of leaf litter and extremely decayed downed coarse woody debris; and using emergence chambers containing coarse woody debris of various decay classes. In total, 2472 adult beetle specimens, representing 217 lowest identifiable taxa within 164 genera and 42 families, were collected during the FIT survey. Each survey activity …