Entomology Commons^™

Life History Studies, Host Records, And Morphological Description Of Genitalia Of Eurytoma Tylodermatis Ashm. (Hymenoptera : Eurytomidae) From South Dakota, Burruss Mcdaniel, Arvid A. Boe

Native Plant Focused Publications

Eurytoma tylodermatis Ashm. was found to be parasitic on Acanthoscelides perforatus (Horn) in seed pods of Canada milk- vetch {Astragalus canadensis L.). Observations on larval behavior and frequency of parasitism are discussed. Male and female genitalia of E. tylodermatis are illustrated.

A New Bruchophagus From Glycyrrhiza Lepidota Pursh In The Northern Great Plains (Hymenoptera : Chalcidoidea : Eurytomidae), Burruss Mcdaniel, Arvid A. Boe

Native Plant Focused Publications

A new species, Bruchophagus grisselli McDaniel and Boe, which infests seeds of Glycyrrhiza lepidota Pursh (American licorice), is described and illustrated. It's known from South Dakota and North Dakota in the USA. A field study at 8 sites showed that B. grisselli has a wide distribution throughout the Dakotas.

Squash Bugs Of South Dakota, Burruss Mcdaniel

Agricultural Experiment Station Technical Bulletins (1939-2011)

The family Coreidae is best known because of the destructive habit of the squash bug, Anasa tristis, on squash, pumpkin, cucumber, and other members of the cucurbit family in the United States. The family, represented by various species, is found throughout the world. However, only 13 species are found in South Dakota. Lethierry and Severin (1894) supplied us with the earliest and most complete catalog of these bugs. They listed 1,320 species and divided them into 29 subfamilies. Van Duzee (1917), in his catalog of the Hemiptera of America north of Mexico, listed 125 species which he divided among 48 …

Influence Of Cultural Practices On The Sunflower Seed Weevil In South Dakota, Joe V. Gednalske

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to evaluate cultural methods for sunflower seed weevil control. Procedures examined included the influences of tillage methods, crop rotation, date of planting, hybrid maturity, and degree-day units in emerging seed weevil populations. Tillage practices done as both fall and spring treatments including discing, chisel plowing, nobel blading, and moldboard plowing were examined for their effect on larval position in the soil, time of adult weevil emergence, and the number of adults emerging from the soil. Crop rotations were investigated for possible influence on weevil mortality and time of adult emergence. Sunflower planting date and …

Assessment Of The Impact Of The European Corn Borer At Three Locations In South Dakota, David R. Raemisch

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The European corn borer (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) varies as an

economically significant pest in South Dakota from south to north. In

the northern part of the state the European corn borer (ECB) is limited

to one generation per year. In contrast, there are localized sites

along the Missouri River in southern South Dakota which usually

experience a substantial second brood population. Infestation by

either first or second brood ECB occurs at different stages in the

developmental sequence of the corn plant. As such, each brood must be

considered separately when assessing relationships between yield loss

and ECB larval cavities within the …

First Year Corn Damage - Northern Corn Rootworm Ovipositional Studies, Thomas W. Hedrick

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to determine the factors involved in first year corn damage by corn rootworm beetles and to sample small grain stubble for adult dispersion and oviposition.

Western Corn Rootworm Sex Pheromone; Field Trapping Studies, Michael J. Lockwood

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to explore the potential of monitoring field populations of the NCR and WCR beetles with pheromone baited sticky traps. Predictions of CRW infestations in corn fields on a single field basis have yet to be achieved. The objectives of this study were: 1. To determine the effects of trapping procedures on CRW beetle trap catch variability: trap design, trap height, pheromone age, pheromone concentration and beetle density. 2. To determine the impact of environmental factors on daily trap catch variability: temperature (OC), wind speed (m/sec), and relative humidity (%) taken at hourly intervals. 3. …

Beekeeping In South Dakota, R.J. Walstrom, B.H. Kantack, W.L. Berndt

SDSU Extension Circulars

Beekeeping has provided many persons with a satisfying and continually interesting hobby. To others it means a profitable sideline easily fitted to a farming or other full-time occupation. The commercial beekeeper finds that this phase of agriculture provides him with an independent and respectable way of making a comfortable living. The purpose of this bulletin is to provide persons who are interested in starting a few colonies of bees a source of basic information suited to the Northern Great Plains conditions. South Dakota provides the essential natural ingredients for the production of sizable crops of high quality honey. Honey bees …

Color And Light Intensity Preferences Of Four Species Of Alate Cereal Aphids, Donald A. Dickmann

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Color and light intensity preferences of 4 species of alate cereal aphids, the English grain aphid, Macrosiphum avenae (Fab.); oat bird-cherry aphid, Rhopalosiphum padi (L.); corn leaf aphid, R. maidis (Fitch); greenbug, Schizaphis graminum (Rondani); were tested under controlled conditions. No significant differences in color response were found between post-teneral (flight-active) and flight-exhausted alates of any species. Macrosiphum avenae, R. maidis, and S. graminum showed a distinct preference for yellow; R. padi usually preferred green. Alates of all species preferred high light intensities to low within the range tested (350-3500 ft-c). Preferred colors (yellow and green) were more important than …

Corixidae (Water Boatmen) Abundance And Contribution To Littoral Zone Fish Forage In Lake Poinsett, South Dakota, Richard Lee Applegate

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Corixids were sampled each week in littoral zone areas of Lake Poinsett during the open water seasons, April-October, in 1970, 1971, and 1972. Fish were sampled each week in littoral zone areas in 1970 and food habits studies were conducted to determine if fish predation would influence corixid population dynamics. Seven genera and 15 species of the family Corixidae were collected. Major indigenous species were Palmarcorixa buenoi Abbott, Trichocorixa borealis Sailer, Cenocorixa dakotensis (Hungerford), and Sigara conocephala (Hungerford). Species migrating to Lake Poinsett in the fall to overwinter were Sigara alternata (Say), S. solensis (Hungerford), S. bicoloripennis (Walley), Hesperocorixa vulgaris …

The Eriophyoidea Of South Dakota, Magdalena Lopez Briones

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This paper presents the results of the taxonomic investigation of the Eriophyoidea in South Dakota. Information is given on the morphology, discussion of variation within a population, distribution, damage in host plants, economic importance and techniques of collecting and preparing specimens. There are 42 previously described species included in this study. Of the 48 species studied, six are new. Species described are: Aculops maximilianae, Diptacus pengsonae, Eriophyes arceosae, Eriophyes taylori, Tegonotus lindenus, and Tetra mcdanieli.

Biology Of The Flea Beetle, Altica Carduorum Guer. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) On Canada Thistle, Cirsium Arvense (L.) Scop., In South Dakota, Burton Danis Schaber

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

A laboratory colony of Altica carduorum Guer. was established from a stock colony of 50 adult beetles. They had an average previposition period of 7 days when exposed to a regular cycle of 16 hr. of light (24° C) and 8 hr. of darkness (12.75° C). Under these conditions, females laid an average of 259.3 ± 9.7 eggs, and longevity averaged 100 days. The eggs are laid on the underside of leaves along edges of leaf veins throughout June. Adults fed and overwintered in the soil, and some beetles emerged the following spring and laid viable eggs. Laboratory studies indicate …

A Survey Of The Insect Fauna Of Canada Thistle, Cirsium Arvense, In South Dakota; And Studies Relating To Biological Control By Ceutorhynchus Litura And Cassida Rubiginose, Lance Jerome Nearman

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

A total of 121 indigenous insect taxa representing 9 orders, 64 families, 103 genera and 118 species was collected from Canada thistle (Compositae: Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop.) in South Dakota during 1970 through 1973. This survey identified the major phytophagous and entomophagous insect fauna associated with this noxious weed. The common phytophagous species observed feeding on thistle were all polyphagous and failed to control Canada thistle below the economic level. Field cage releases of adult Ceutorhynchus litura (F.) weevils were made on a thistle infested pasture site located in east central South Dakota during 1972-1973. Ninety-nine weevils were released in …

Biology And Ecology Of False Wireworms In South Dakota (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), Carrol Otto Calkins

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

False wireworms were important pests of wheat on the Great Plains during the early 20th century. Until recently, they were of little importance; however, they are now occasionally appearing in damaging proportions. The purpose of studying the biological and ecological aspects of these insects in South Dakota was to understand the factors responsible for their demise and the circumstances that could affect the recurrence of damaging populations. The more common species of false wireworms found in South Dakota during this study were Eleodes suturalis (Say), E. opaca (Say), E. hispilabris (Say), E. tricostata (Say), E. extricata (Say), E. obsoleta (Say), …

The Biology Of Geomylichus Gaomydis N. Sp. (Acari: Listrophoridae) From The Plains Pocket Gopher, Geomys B. Bursarius (Shaw), Charles Campbell Coffman

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Geomylichus geomydis n. sp. is an obligate ectoparasite and associated with it on Geomys b. bursarius were large numbers of four other major ectoparasite species and small numbers of eight miscellaneous acarine taxa. Descriptions and measurements of life cycle stages of Geomylichus geomydis n. sp. are given. Geographical and host distribution records are also included. Seasonal population numbers of Geomylichus geomydis n. sp. and the other four major ectoparasite species were analyzed. Infestation rates for G. geomydis n. sp. were determined for seasons of the year and sexes and ages of the host. A least-squares analysis of variance was used …

The Effect Of Allopurinol (4-Hydroxypyrazolo(3,4-D) Pyrimidine) On Uric Acrid Metabolism In Differential Grasshoppers (Melanoplus Differentialis) And Armyworms (Pseudoletia Unipuncta), Henry C. Schroeder, Jr.

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Allopurinol, a potent inhibitor of xanthine oxidase in humans, was incorporated in the diets of differential grasshopper nymphs and adults and armyworm larvae. Uric acid contents of whole body homogenates decreased by highly significant rates. Feces uric acid decreased by highly significant rates in grasshopper nymphs and adults. Allopurinol also caused highly significant increases in mortality and inhibition of metamorphosis in study insects. These effects were not reversible by the addition of purine and pyrimidine bases, inosine, oxypurines, or uric acid. The effects were reversed by discontinuing application of allopurinol. Crude xanthine oxidase, assayed by measuring the reduction of NAD …

Bionomics Of Mallophaga Of Sharp-Tailed Grouse In South Dakota, Major L. Boddicker

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The ecologies of chewing lice (Insecta:Mallophaga) which parasitize sharp-tailed grouse, Pedioecetes phasianellus, were studied in southwestern South Dakota from 1964 to 1967. Five hundred twenty-eight hens, cocks and chicks were collected and examined for louse damage. Louse populations were monitored each month from December, 1964, to September, 1967. Five louse species which infested grouse in the study area were Goniodes nebraskensis Carriker, Amyrsidea megalosoma Overgaard, Lagopoecus perplexus Kellogg and Chapman, Goniocotes chrysocephalus and Lipeurus maculosis Clay. Goniodes nebraskensis fed on feather parts and skin debris and was found to have seasonally fluctuating populations. Cocks carried peak populations of 250 lice/host …

A Two Year Study Of Potential Resistance In The Adult Western Corn Rootworm In South Dakota, John M. Wirtz

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The western corn rootworm Diabrotica virgifera Le Conte, and the northern corn rootworm Diabrotica longicornis Say, are major pests affecting corn in South Dakota. Jones (1968) considered the rootworm the number one corn pest in South Dakota and estimated that the rootworm caused fifty percent of all insect damage done to corn. Prior to 1961 the northern corn rootworm was the predominant species causing damage in South Dakota. The western corn rootworm is presently the predominant species (Nearman, 1968). Cultural and chemical control methods have been used to control corn rootworms in the past with varying degrees of success. Crop …

An Ecological Study Of Coleoptera Succession In Bovine Manure With Emphasis On Natural Enemies Of The Face Fly (Musca Autumnalis De Geer) In Eastcentral South Dakota, Howard Kessler

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The frequency and succession patterns of coleopterous species in cattle dung were determined for two localities in eastcentral South Dakota during 1969 and 1970. Thirty-nine species of beetles were screened as potential predators of the face fly, Musca autumnalis De Geer, a pest of cattle and horses; and 1 Coleoptera, 1 Hymenoptera and 1 nematode were screened as parasites of the same host. Succession studies of insects inhabiting bovine manure revealed that four families of Coleoptera were recovered from the manure and, in descending order of abundance, were Hydrophilidae, Staphylinidae, Scarabaeidae, and Histeridae. The hydrophilids were first to invade freshly …

Field Population And Flight Activity Of Three Hippodamia Species In Eastern South Dakota, Gene Allen Olson

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Twenty-four coccinellid species, excluding the genus Scymnus, were collected in eastern South Dakota during the 1969-70 growing seasons. Hippodamia convergens Guerin-Meneville, H. tredecimpunctata L., and H. parenthesis (Say), were the most abundant species found in alfalfa and small grains. Reproduction of H. convergens and H. tredecimpunctata occurred in alfalfa, oats, spring and winter wheat, and corn. Field observations indicated that the reproductive cycle required approximately 2½ weeks. The pea aphid, Macrosiphum pisi (Harris), the English grain aphid, M. avenae (Fabricius), and the corn leaf aphid, Rhopalosiphum maidis (Fitch), appeared to be suitable food for these 3 Hippodamia species; the brown …

The Influence Of Various Stress Conditions On Cholinesterase Levels Of Cattle Treated With An Organophosphorus Insecticide, Mitchell J. Wrich

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Six-to 8-months-old Hereford heifers categorized as grubby or grub-free calves were used for this research. Forty calves were purchased in 1968 and also in 1969. The grubby calves were obtained from Highmore, South Dakota, an area where calves have a history of heavy grub infestations of both Hypoderma bovis (L.) and Hypoderma lineatum (de Villers). The grub-free calves were purchased in Fargo, North Dakota. Calves raised in this area seldom are infested with cattle grubs. Specified groups of calves were subjected to 30 minutes of continuous exercise or the withholding of feed and water for 24 hours prior to treatment …

The European Corn Borer Situation In South Dakota Spring 1952, Gerald B. Spawn

Agricultural Experiment Station Entomology Pamphlets (1940-1952)

The European corn borer, which has now assumed the role of "perennial pest" in South Dakota, has been conspicuous by its inactivity during the past few months. However, it is still the major pest of corn in our state. Since last fall the larvae (worms) have been spending their time in the "deep freeze" sleep of their kind of hibernation, hidden away in the snow-blanketed stalks of last years corn fields. This is nature's way of taking care of them during the winter, and all too many of the larvae are now becoming active again.

The Sweet Clover Weevil In South Dakota And Recommendations For Its Control, H.C. Severin

Agricultural Experiment Station Entomology Pamphlets (1940-1952)

The sweet clover weevil, bitona cylindricollis Fahr. is one of the principal insect pests attacking sweet clover in South Dakota. While the pest works on sweet clover principally, it has also been found feeding on other clovers and on alfalfa, although only in small numbers. The sweet clover weevil is a European insect which was first reported to have been taken on this continent near Montreal, Canada, in 1924. In 1941 it was found in South Dakota in small numbers but at the present time it occurs abundantly over the entire state.

Recommendations For The Control Of The Most Important Insect Pests Of Potatoes In South Dakota, H.C. Severin

Agricultural Experiment Station Entomology Pamphlets (1940-1952)

The important insect pests attacking potatoes in South Dakota must be controlled if a good or even a fair yield of potatoes is to be harvested. Many different species of insects attack growing potato plants in the state, but the insects of major importance do not form a long list. It is not necessary for the grower to be able to recognize the minor potato insects, but it is a distinct advantage to be able to recognize the major species. Further, it would be profitable if the potato grower would familiarize himself with the life cycle and seasonal h}story of …

How To Control Insects Harmful To Alfalfa Seed Production In South Dakota [Revised], H.C. Severin

Agricultural Experiment Station Entomology Pamphlets (1940-1952)

In order that a grower of alfalfa seed may have the best chance of producing a. good seed yield, the harmful insects in the alfalfa field must be destroyed, while the beneficial pollinating insects should not be reduced but encouraged. The most harmful insects that affect the seed yield of alfalfa in South Dakota are the following: Grasshoppers of several species Crickets of several species Lygus and other plant bugs Clover, potato and other leaf hoppers Flea beetles of several species

Greenbug Control, Wm. M. Rogoff

Agricultural Experiment Station Entomology Pamphlets (1940-1952)

Greenbug infestations in the State of South Dakota are unusual and have generally been broken by the interaction of natural factors such as predators, parasites, and weather. In the 1949 outbreak, the greenbug was seldom if ever the sole cause of damage in infested fields and in most cases spraying would not have been paid for by the remaining crop. The chemicals available for control are exceedingly dangerous to man and livestock, and their use should not be encouraged except where a clear and definite need has been shown to exist.

How To Control Insects Harmful To Alfalfa Seed Production In South Dakota, H.C. Severin

Agricultural Experiment Station Entomology Pamphlets (1940-1952)

In order that a grower of alfalfa seed may have the best chance of producing a. good seed yield, the harmful insects in the alfalfa field must be destroyed, while the beneficial pollinating insects should not be reduced but encouraged. The most harmful insects that affect the seed yield of alfalfa in South Dakota are the following: Grasshoppers of several species Crickets of several species Lygus and other plant bugs Clover, potato and other leaf hoppers Flea beetles of several species

Control Of Grasshoppers Through Chemical Sprays Or Dusts Or Baits, H.C. Severin

Agricultural Experiment Station Entomology Pamphlets (1940-1952)

No abstract provided.

The Use Of Aircraft In European Corn Borer Control, Gerald B. Spawn

Agricultural Experiment Station Entomology Pamphlets (1940-1952)

The European corn borer is at present considered to be the No. 1 insect pest of corn in South Dakota. It is now known (by specimen records) to be present in every county east of the Missouri river and in Lyman, Gregory and Tripp counties west of the Missouri River in South Dakota. During 1948 the corn borer did an estimated $2,500,000 worth of damage in our state~ In 1949 this damage figure was increased to $7,545,000.

The European Corn Borer, Gerald B. Spawn

Agricultural Experiment Station Entomology Pamphlets (1940-1952)

The European corn borer was first recorded from South Dakota i n the summer of 1946. At that time Hr. H. C. Severin and the author found borers in corn in Union and Lincoln and Minnehaha counties. Less than half of one percent of the stalks in the fields were infested at that time. During the summer of 1948 the infestation had spread over most of the corn producing area of our state. By the fall of that year 36 counties were known to be infested . Several fields in the southeastern part of the state had 100 per cent …