Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Commons^™

Sentience In Fishes: More On The Evidence, Michael L. Woodruff

Animal Sentience

In my target article, I argued that the brains of ray-finned fishes of the teleost subclass (Actinopterygii) are sufficiently complex to support sentience — that these fishes have subjective awareness of interoceptive and exteroceptive sense experience. Extending previous theories centered on the tectum, I focused on the organization of the fish pallium. In this Response to the commentaries, I clarify that I do not propose that the fish pallium is, or must be, homologous to the mammalian neocortex to play a role in sentience. Some form of a functionalist approach to explaining the neural basis of sentience across taxa is …

Competing Activities As Measures Of Fear And Vigilance, Ferenc Mónus

Animal Sentience

In animal behavioural research on vigilance, visual signs of alertness are usually used to estimate perceived risk (an internal “fear” state) of free-ranging animals. Different measures of vigilance and competing activities (e.g., predator vigilance, conspecific vigilance, feeding, food handling) provide clues for better understanding vigilance behaviour. How efficiently does an animal in a vigilant/non-vigilant posture devote attention to threats or invest in other activities, such as searching for or handling food? Several species regularly withdraw to a sheltered spot when feeding in an abundant food patch, spending short periods in complete safety. Frequencies of feeding interruptions or false-alarm flights provide …

Compression And Relaxation Of Fishing Effort In Response To Changes In Length Of Fishing Season For Red Snapper (Lutjanus Campechanus) In The Northern Gulf Of Mexico, Sean P. Powers, Kevin Anson

University Faculty and Staff Publications

A standard method used by fisheries managers to decrease catch and effort is to shorten the length of a fishery; however, data on recreational angler response to this simple approach are surprisingly lacking. We assessed the effect of variable season length on daily fishing effort, measured by using numbers of boat launches per day, anglers per boat, and anglers per day from video observations, in the recreational sector of the federal fishery for red snapper (Lutjanus campechanus) in coastal Alabama. From 2012 through 2017, season length fluctuated from 3 to 40 d. Daily effort, measured by using mean number of …

The National Wildlife Strike Database: A Scientific Foundation To Enhance Aviation Safety, Richard A. Dolbeer, Michael J. Begier, John R. Weller

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

The U.S. Federal Aviation Administration's (FAA) National Wildlife Strike Database (NWSD) documents reports of civil aircraft collisions with wildlife in USA. The NWSD has been managed by the Wildlife Services Program of the U.S. Department of Agriculture through an interagency agreement since its inception. Although the NWSD includes about 170,000 reports of civil aircraft collisions with wildlife (97% birds) from 1990-2015 (14,000 in 2015), the overriding focus has been the quality control of data entered for over 90 variables ranging from species and numbers of wildlife struck, location and time of day, phase and height of flight, aircraft type, components …

To Live And Fly In La: Using Bird Strike And Management Program Information To Improve Safety At Airports In The Los Angeles Basin, Todd J. Pitlik, Elizabeth Hermann, Eric Peralta, Brian E. Washburn

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

Wildlife-aircraft collisions (wildlife strikes) pose a serious safety risk to aircraft. Wildlife strikes can be evaluated at different levels, include efforts to examine these problems at the national, regional, or state level, or for an individual airport. Similarly, wildlife strikes involving individual wildlife species or guilds can be examined at varying scales. Although wildlife strike analyses at the national, regional, or species/guild level are valuable, airport-specific analyses are essential for the effective implementation and evaluation of integrated wildlife damage management programs as these actions are conducted at the airport level. The species that present hazards to safe aircraft operations varies …

New Records And Combinations In Neotropical Premnobius Eichhoff (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae: Ipini) With An Illustrated Key To New World Species, Thomas H. Atkinson, Alexander V. Petrov, Carlos A. H. Flechtmann

Insecta Mundi

Three Neotropical species are transferred to the genus Premnobius Eichhoff (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae: Ipini): Premnobius assiduus (Schedl, 1961, from Xyleborus), P. flechtmanni (Wood, 2007, from Acanthotomicus) and P. neoajunctus (Schedl, 1967, from Xyleborus). An illustrated key is presented for the native and introduced species of the genus known from the New World.

Expanded Concept And Revised Taxonomy Of The Milliped Family Xystodesmidae Cook, 1895 (Polydesmida: Leptodesmidea: Xystodesmoidea): Incorporations Of Euryuridae Pocock, 1909 And Eurymerodesmidae Causey, 1951, Taxon Revivals/Proposals/Transferrals, And A Distributional Update, Rowland M. Shelley, Jamie M. Smith

Insecta Mundi

Euryuridae Pocock 1909 and Eurymerodesmidae Causey 1951, both endemic to the eastern/central United States (US), are incorporated into Xystodesmidae Cook 1895 and reduced to subfamilies and (sub)tribes n. stats. Euryurina and Melaphina Brolemann 1916, n. stats., are sister-taxa that differ primarily in epiproctal configurations and comprise Euryurini; sister-taxa Eurymerodesmina and Nannariina Hoffman 1964, n. stats., the latter transferred from Xystodesminae, comprise Eurymerodesmini, n. stat., in which plesiomorphic forms exhibit sublinear, “stick-like,” and subapically curved/bent gonopodal acropodites with moderately-long to long hairs, often with distal tufts, on their “inner” surfaces. Additional transferrals include Wamokia Chamberlin from the …

Erratum To Cano (2018): A New Anomiopus Westwood (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) From The Mayan Biosphere Reserve, Petén, Guatemala, Enio B. Cano

Insecta Mundi

After publication of Cano (2018), it was noticed that the wrong holotype photographs of Anomiopus cirulito Cano were included in Figure 3, resulting in images that did not correspond to the captions. The author and the Insecta Mundi editorial staff apologize for this error. The intended version of Figure 3 is reproduced here. Insecta Mundi has also released a revised version of the Cano (2018) manuscript, with this error corrected. However, the revised version is not an official peer-reviewed article, and anyone wishing to reference the findings of Cano (2018) should cite the original manuscript or this erratum.

A New Species Of Philacelota Heller (Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae: Melolonthini) From Flores Island, Indonesia, Jiri Zidek

Insecta Mundi

Philacelota jakli sp. n. (Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae: Melolonthini) is described, illustrated and compared with the other two known congeners, P. submaculata Heller and P. sulana Heller. Philacelota sub maculata is here designated the type species for the genus.

New Species And Records Of Elateridae (Coleoptera) From Cuatrociénegas, Coahuila, Mexico, Paul J. Johnson, David C. Lightfoot

Insecta Mundi

Eleven species of Elateridae (Coleoptera) were collected during a two-year arthropod inventory survey at the Cuatrociénegas Natural Protected Area, Coahuila, Mexico. Aeolus cuatro new species, Horistonotus coahuila new species, and Megapenthes cienegas new species are described for the first time. Additionally reported as new state records are Conoderus athoides (LeConte), C. lividus (De Geer), Deilelater mexicanus (Champion), Esthesopus parcus Horn, and Dipropus rufulus (Candèze). Sixteen species of click beetle are now recorded from Coahuila. The sampled habitats and the environmental setting are briefly described with images of each sampling site.

Once especies de Elateridae (Coleoptera) fueron recolectadas durante …

Description Of Phyllium (Phyllium) Conlei, New Species, And A First Look At The Phylliidae (Phasmatodea) Of The Lesser Sunda Islands, Indonesia, Royce T. Cumming, Pablo Valero Riquelme, Sierra N. Teemsma

Insecta Mundi

The Phylliidae (Phasmatodea) diversity of the Lesser Sunda Islands, Indonesia is preliminarily examined, and revealed to be notably lacking in completeness with only two species currently recorded. Of the nine islands/ island groups within the Lesser Sunda Islands, only the westerly islands (Bali and Lombok) have single species recorded: Phyllium (Pulchriphyllium) pulchrifolium Audinet-Serville, 1838, from Bali, and Phyllium (Phyllium) conlei Cumming, Valero, and Teemsma, new species, from Lombok. The latter species is herein described and differentiated from congenerics. To conclude, with so few species recorded from the Lesser Sunda Islands, a key to species for Java and the Lesser …

Are Miami Blues In Cuba? A Review Of The Genus Cyclargus Nabokov (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) With Implications For Conservation Management, Deborah L. Matthews, Jacqueline Y. Miller, Andrew D. Warren, James K. Toomey, Roger W. Portell, Terry A. Lott, Nick V. Grishin

Insecta Mundi

We review the genus Cyclargus Nabokov (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) based on detailed comparative analyses of wing patterns, genitalia, and mitochondrial COI DNA barcode sequences, and suggest that Cyclargus is composed of four species: C. thomasi (Clench), C. woodruffi (W. Comstock and Huntington), C. ammon (Lucas), and C. dominica (Möschler). The following new subjective synonyms are proposed: C. erembis Nabokov syn. n. and C. kathleena K. Johnson and Matusik syn. n. are C. thomasi noeli (W. Comstock and Huntington); C. sorpresus K. Johnson and Matusik syn. n. and C. shuturn K. Johnson and Bálint syn. n. are C. ammon; and Cyclargus …

Generic Changes In The Stag Beetle Tribe Aesalini (Coleoptera: Lucanidae: Aesalinae) With The Description Of Two New Species, M. J. Paulsen

Insecta Mundi

The status of genera and species in the stag beetle tribe Aesalini (Coleoptera: Lucanidae: Aesalinae) is revised. The Asian subgenus Zelenkaesalus Krikken, formerly included within Echinoaesalus Zelenka, is elevated to generic level based on the presence of complete ventral sulci and the form of the ocular canthus. This results in the following new combinations: Z. cechovskyi (Huang et al.), Z. gedeensis (Huang and Wu), Z. javanus (Krikken), Z. sabahensis (Zelenka), and Z. timidus (Krikken). Zelenkaesalus pazuzus Paulsen, new species, is described from the Philippines and is the first record of the subfamily for the country. A new genus Strabaesalus …

Four Submarginal Cells On A Forewing Of Melitoma Taurea (Say) (Hymenoptera: Apidae), And A Summary Of Known Records Of Atypical And Variable Numbers Of Submarginal Cells, Eugene J. Scarpulla

Insecta Mundi

A specimen of Melitoma taurea (Say) (Hymenoptera: Apidae) was captured on Hart-Miller Island, Chesapeake Bay, Baltimore County, Maryland. The specimen possessed the typical three submarginal cells on the right forewing but exhibited four submarginal cells on the left forewing due to the presence of an additional submarginal crossvein dividing the second submarginal cell. The presence of four submarginal cells is a rare occurrence in bees. Besides documenting this occurrence, this paper presents a summary of known published and previously unpublished records of atypical and variable numbers of submarginal cells. Published records were found for 66 species: Colletidae (1), Andrenidae (28), …

Revisión Taxonómica De Pseudococcus Westwood (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) De Centro Y Sud América Con Descripciones De Especies Nuevas, María C. Granara De Willink, Patricia González

Insecta Mundi

Se tratan 50 especies de Pseudococcus Westwood (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) encontradas en Centro y Sud América. Se describen 16 especies nuevas: Pseudococcus acaena Granara de Willink sp. n., P. bahiensis Granara de Willink sp. n., P. calchaquii Granara de Willink sp. n., P. chaquensis Granara de Willink sp. n., P. colombiensis Granara de Willink sp. n., P. cubaensis Granara de Willink sp. n., P. cuyoensis Granara de Willink sp. n., P. debilis Granara de Willink sp. n., P. dumetum Granara de Willink sp. n., P. insuetus Granara de Willink sp. n., P. lanatii Granara de Willink, sp. n., P. neuquenensis Granara …

Primer Registro De Omosita Colon (Linnaeus) (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae: Nitidulinae) Recolectada En Cadáveres De Cabrito (Capra Aegagrus Hircus Linnaeus) En Buenavista, Saltillo Coahuila, México, Hermelindo Hernádez-Torres, Oswaldo García-Martínez, Isabel Salazar-García, Luis Alberto Aguirre-Uribe, Sergio Rene Sánchez-Peña

Insecta Mundi

Adultos de Omosita colon (Linnaeus) (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae: Nitidulinae) recolectados sobre cadáveres del cabrito (Capra aegagrus hircus (Linnaeus)) en las etapas de post-descomposición y esqueletonización, representa el primer reporte de esta especie en carroña para Saltillo, Coahuila, México. Para esta región de México se sugiere a O. colon como un indicador potencial en la entomología forense para determinar el periodo en que una persona o animal fallecen. Se presenta una descripción general del género y características taxonómicas de la especie para su identificación.

Adults of Omosita colon (Linnaeus) (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae: Nitidulinae), collected on goat (Capra aegagrus hircus (Linnaeus)) carcasses …

Description Of Two New Bolivian Cerambycidae And A Costa Rican Record For An African Prionine (Coleoptera), James E. Wappes, Antonio Santos-Silva, Maria Helena M. Galileo

Insecta Mundi

Two new species of Cerambycidae (Coleoptera) are described from Bolivia: Compsibidion woodleyi Wappes, Santos-Silva and Galileo (Cerambycinae: Neoibidionina): and Drycothaea dozieri Wappes, Santos-Silva and Galileo (Lamiinae: Calliini). Illustrations of the new species are included. Mallodon downesii Hope, 1843 (Prioninae: Macrotomini) is reported for the first time in Costa Rica.

Modeling Canopy Effect In The Great Lakes Cladophora Model, Ankita Bakshi

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports

Cladophora glomerata is a filamentous green alga native to the Great Lakes. However, its nuisance growth in phosphorus rich waters negatively affects the lakes’ aesthetic and water quality. The Great Lakes Cladophora Model (GLCM) v1, developed in 1982, was the first mechanistic model to simulate Cladophora growth basing phosphorus availability and environmental conditions followed by Cladophora Growth Model and GLCM v2. In this study, the light and temperature mediation factors for Cladophora net growth are revised as a necessary step prior to the development of a self-shading algorithm. The concept of a fixed-value, maximum achievable biomass (carrying capacity) employed in …

Distance Models As A Tool For Modelling Detection Probability And Density Of Native Bumblebees, Darin J. Mcneil, Clint R. V. Otto, Erin L. Moser, Katherine R. Urban‐Mead, David E. King, Amanda D. Rodewald, Jeffery L. Larkin

United States Geological Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center: Publications

Effective monitoring of native bee populations requires accurate estimates of population size and relative abundance among habitats. Current bee survey methods, such as netting or pan trapping, may be adequate for a variety of study objectives but are limited by a failure to account for imperfect detection. Biases due to imperfect detection could result in inaccurate abundance estimates or erroneous insights about the response of bees to different environments. To gauge the potential biases of currently employed survey methods, we compared abundance estimates of bumblebees (Bombus spp.) derived from hierarchical distance sampling models (HDS) to bumblebee counts collected from fixed‐area …

An Historical Overview And Update Of Wolf-Moose Interactions In Northeastern Minnesota, L. David Mech, John Fieberg, Shannon M. Barber-Meyer

United States Geological Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center: Publications

Wolf (Canis lupus) and moose (Alces americanus) populations in northeastern Minnesota, USA, have fluctuated for decades and, based on helicopter counts, moose numbers declined to a new low from 2006 to about 2012. Other steep declines were found in 1991 and 1998 during periods when moose counts were done with fixed-wing aircraft; these declines also appeared to be real. Winter wolf numbers, monitored in part of the moose range, had been increasing since about 2002 to the highest population in decades in 2009. However, from 2009 to 2016, wolves decreased precipitously, and the moose- population decline leveled …

Searching The Internet To Estimate Deer Population Trends In The U.S., California, And Connecticut, G. Webb

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

Information for decision making may be publicly available, but costly to obtain. As an experiment in environmental scanning, the internet was searched on a daily basis over several years to collect information and provide analysis related to decisions on deer management. The process discovered that, contrary to common assumptions, the U.S. deer population has apparently been falling since about the year 2000 based on analysis of available state data that had not been aggregated. In some cases, state population estimates were created using standard procedures on available data. Results indicate that differences in survey methods appear to be relatively constant …

Phyllium (Phyllium) Letiranti Sp. Nov. (Phasmida: Phylliidae) A New Leaf Insect From Peleng Island, Indonesia, Royce T. Cumming

Insecta Mundi

A new species of leaf insect, Phyllium (Phyllium) letiranti Cumming and Teemsma, new species (Phasmida: Phylliidae), is described from a series of males, females, and eggs from Peleng Island, Indonesia. This new species is the first record of the family Phylliidae on the island and is here differentiated from congeners. Keys to males, females, and eggs of the Phyllium species of Sulawesi and Peleng islands are included within.

A Revision Of The Genus Navasoleon Banks (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae: Nemoleontini), Lionel A. Stange, Robert B. Miller

Insecta Mundi

Nine species of Navasoleon (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae: Nemoleontini) are recognized in the present work with the description of seven new species: N. amazonas Stange, N. brasiliensis Miller, N. egeri Stange, N. lithophilus Miller, N. lotti Stange, N. tarsalis Miller, and N. venezolanus Stange. Navasoleon bosqui (Navás) is designated a nomen dubium. A key to the species is provided as well as to the genera of Nemoleontini with closing pretarsal claws. The larvae of two species are described and keyed with biological notes. Biological data presented in Miller and Stange (1985), erroneously attributed to N. bolivianus (Banks), has now been …

A New Colombian Pest Species Of The Genus Poecilocloeus Bruner (Orthoptera: Acrididae: Proctolabinae) On Coffee, With A Key To The Neotropical Species, Luis Miguel Constantino, Oscar J. Cadena-Castañeda, Juan Manuel Cardona Granda, Pablo Benavides M., Carmenza Góngora B.

Insecta Mundi

A remarkable new species of Poecilocloeus (Orthoptera: Acrididae: Proctolabinae) found damaging coffee plantations in the Western Andes of Colombia is described and named P. coffeaphilus n. sp. This new species is part of a distinct and colorful group of Proctolabinae grasshoppers, with most species found at low altitudes in the rainforest of the Amazon basin. In contrast, the new species is found at elevations of 1600 to 1800 m in the canopy of dense cloud forests, in the southwestern part of the department of Antioquia (Western Cordillera, Colombian Andes). Information about the natural history, behavior, natural enemies and control strategies …

New Synonymies Sensu Barr For The Checkered Beetle Subfamily Hydnocerinae (Coleoptera: Cleroidea: Cleridae), William F. Barr

Insecta Mundi

Eleven new synonymies involving the checkered beetle subfamily Hydnocerinae (Coleoptera: Cleridae) are proposed.

A Review Of Three Species-Level Taxa Of The Anthocharis Sara Complex (Lepidoptera: Pieridae: Pierinae: Anthocharidini), Todd L. Stout

Insecta Mundi

A combination of five characters supports the arrangement of three species in the Anthocharis sara complex (Lepidoptera: Pieridae: Pierinae: Anthocharidini) consisting of Anthocharis sara Lucas, 1852 (Sara orangetip), Anthocharis thoosa Scudder, 1878 (southwestern orangetip), and Anthocharis julia W.H. Edwards, 1872 (Julia orangetip). These five characters include adult phenotypes, fifth instar larval coloration, pupal cone curvature and color, number of overwintering cycles, and interspecific contact zone behavior. This taxonomic treatment is generated from extensive life history studies from 12 western U.S. states through most of the sara complex distribution.

Parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) Reared From Pseudaulacaspis Cockerelli (Cooley) (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) In The Republic Of Korea, Soo-Jung Suh

Insecta Mundi

Through this survey, four species of aphelinid, one species of encyrtid, and one species of signiphorid wasp (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) were collected and identified as follows: Aphytis japonicus DeBach and Azim, Encarsia berlesei (Howard), Marietta carnesi (Howard), Pteroptrix sp. 2, Arrhenophagus chionaspidis Aurivillius, and Chartocerus subaenus (Förster). Among these, C. subaenus is recorded newly from the Korean parasitoid fauna. Also, three species of aphelinids and one species of signiphorid are newly added as parasitic wasps associated with Pseudaulacaspis cockerelli (Cooley) (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) from Korea. In this paper, the list of parasitoid species of P. cockerelli that occur in Korea is updated …

New Species Of The Scarabaeus Subgenus Scarabaeolus Balthasar, With A Review Of The Subgenus (Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Scarabaeini), Jiri Zídek, Svatopluk Pokorny

Insecta Mundi

The Scarabaeus subgenus Scarabaeolus Balthasar, 1965 (Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Scarabaeini) is defined and nine new species are described, six from the Republic of South Africa [S. (S.) fragilis sp. n., S. (S.) krugeri sp. n., S. (S.) lizleri sp. n., S. (S.) orientalis sp. n., S. (S.) rugosipennis sp. n., S. (S.) similis sp. n.] and one each from Angola [S. (S.) cunene sp. n.], Namibia [S. (S.) namibensis sp. n.] and Kenya [ …

A New Species Of Honduran Strongylaspis (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Prioninae), Maria Helena M. Galileo, Antonio Santos-Silva

Insecta Mundi

Strongylaspis antonkozlovi Galileo and Santos-Silva sp. nov. (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Prioninae) is described from Cusuco National Park in Honduras, becoming the second species of the genus known in that country. The new species is compared to S. bullata Bates, 1872, the most similar species.

Notes On The Amydetinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae) In Mcdermott’S 1966 Catalogue Of Lampyridae, Oliver Keller, Marc A. Branham

Insecta Mundi

Nomenclatural changes are proposed and herein implemented for several beetles in the family Lampyridae (Coleoptera). Corrections of authorship are proposed for Psilocladus marginatus (Lewis), Psilocladus ruficollis (Kiesenwetter), and Dryptelytra fulvipennis E. Olivier. Dates of publication are corrected for Magnoculus marginatus (Guérin-Méneville), Psilocladus calvus Kirsch, Psilocladus peruvianus Kirsch, and Vesta vitellinothorax (Perty) a synonym of Vesta thoracica (G. A. Olivier). “Dodacles grandjeani E. Olivier” is found to be a nomen nudum, which actually refers to Dryptelytra grandjeani (E. Olivier).