Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Commons^™

Phytoplankton Species Diversity And Abundance In Satellite Lakes Of Lake Victoria Basin (Tanzanian Side), Bc Sekadende, Ase Mbonde, S Shayo, Tj Lyimo

Tanzania Journal of Science

Studies on phytoplankton species diversity and abundance were carried out in 8 selected satellite lakes within the Lake Victoria basin during two wet seasons (March-April 2002 and January-February 2003) and one dry season (August-September 2002). Higher species richness (76 species) of phytoplankton species was recorded in rain season than in dry season (47 species). The observed species represents six classes, cyanophytes, chlorophytes, cryptophytes, basillariophytes, euglenophytes and dinophytes, of fresh water algal flora. Species diversity was generally low, with diversity indices (H\') ranging from 0.21 for Lake Kyarano to 0.09 for Lake Ikimba. On the contrary, Lake Katwe was richer in …

Relationship Between Water Transparency And Species Richness Of Surviving Haplochromines In Selected Habitats In Mwanza Gulf - Lake Victoria, Hdj Mrosso, Bs Msuku, O Seehausen

Tanzania Journal of Science

Several of the surviving haplochromine species have been recorded in habitats of different water transparencies within the Mwanza Gulf. Sampling for the haplochromines was carried out in muddy, rocky, sandy and vegetated habitats. All of the recorded species had been reported previously. Fewer species were encountered than previously reported in the same sampling stations. There was evidence for positive correlation between species richness and water transparency that was reinforced with data on ecological differentiation. Further exploration and conservation measures of diversity have been suggested for Lake Victoria haplochromines.

Diel Vertical Migration Of Zooplankton In The Tanzanian Waters Of Lake Victoria, Rk Waya

Tanzania Journal of Science

The diel vertical migration of zooplankton was studied in the Southern part of Lake Victoria in January and July 2002. A van dorn water sampler was used to collect zooplankton. In January 2002, zooplankton showed a pronounced diel vertical migration whereby zooplankton were moving upward at around sunset and swimming downward at sunrise. In July 2002 zooplankton showed diel vertical migration, but at around midnight Thermodiaptomus galeboides, Thermocyclops emini, Tropocyclops tenellus, cyclopoid copepodites, nauplius larvae and some rotifers showed downward movement. The diel vertical migration of zooplankton seems to be influenced by food, predation and light.

Changes In Population Structures Of The Major Species In Selected Satellite Lakes Around Lake Victoria Following Changes In Fishing Effort, E F B Katunzi, M A Kishe

Tanzania Journal of Science

This paper evaluates the impacts of reduction in effort, increase in mesh sizes, and prohibition of illegal fishing gears in selected satellite lakes around Lake Victoria. The study was carried out in six satellite lakes by making investigations on fish collected from experimental and artisanal fisheries. The fishes were analysed for length frequencies, weight and numbers caught to determine the population structure of the fishes. Indiscriminate fishing by deploying illegal gears and increased fishing effort due to open access policy, the catch and diversity of the species in these lakes has declined. Establishment of Conservation Management Units (CMUs) as an …

A Comparison Of Shell Size And Meat Weight Between Population Of The Bivalve Anadara Antiquata (Linnaeus 1758) From Four Sites Experiencing Different Levels Of Exploitation Pressure In Zanzibar, J P Shunula

Tanzania Journal of Science

A comparative study on the shell size and meat weight between Anadara antiquata populations harvested from four intertidal mud flats subjected to varying exploitation pressure in Zanzibar was undertaken between August and December 2000. An analysis of the data from the four study locations Mazizni, Mbweni, Kisakasaka, and Jambiani showed that much smaller sized Anadara , with low meat weights were being harvested from Mazizini and Mbweni in comparison to those harvested from Kisakasaka and Jambiani. The first two sites were areas in which there was heavy exploitation of the animals in comparison to the last two. Mazizini and Mbweni …

Phytoplankton Species Diversity And Abundance In The Near Shore Waters Of Tanzanian Side Of Lake Victoria, Ase Mbonde, S Shayo, Bc Sekadende, Tj Lyimo

Tanzania Journal of Science

The survey was carried out in January/February and July/August 2002 to investigate phytoplankton species diversity, spatial distribution, numerical abundance and total biomass (chlorophyll a concentration) in 10 selected stations on the Tanzanian side of Lake Victoria. At each station, samples for diversity data were collected by plankton net, which was towed at the surface water, while those for spatial distribution and abundance were collected using a 1 l Van Dorn water sampler. A total of 113 species belonging to 52 different genera were identified. Cyanobacteria were the most diverse group in both seasons. The concentration of chlorophyll a ranged from …

The Yosemite Butterflies (Text), And The Yosemite Butterflies (Text): Supplement Of Additional Information, Collections And Corrections For Volume 5, No. 1, Kenneth E. Davenport

The Taxonomic Report of the International Lepidoptera Survey

The current checklist covers the 170 known species and additional 48 subspecies known to occur in the Yosemite region, California, United States. This represents a total of 218 taxa (some being undescribed and unnamed) now recognized in the study area. This compares with Garth and Tilden’s 1963 survey which recognized 134 species and 16 additional subspecies, a total of 150 taxa. In addition to those, six additional species reported from the region are “questionable or doubtful” and another six species occur just outside the defined region.

The supplement includes additional information for the benefit of those who obtained the first …

Effect Of Stocking Density On Sunshine Bass (Morone Chrysops X M. Saxatilis) Production And Water Quality At Minor Clark Fish Hatchery, Kentucky, Todd A. Leonard

Morehead State Theses and Dissertations

A thesis presented to the faculty of the College of Science and Technology at Morehead State University in partial fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science by Todd A. Leonard on December 15, 2004.

Phylogenetic Relationships Of African Microhylid Frogs Inferred From Dna Sequences Of Mitochondrial 12s And 16s Rrna Genes, Simon P. Loader, David J. Gower, Kim M. Howell, Nike Doggart, Mark-Oliver Rödel, Barry T. Clarke, Rafael O. De Sá, Bernard L. Cohen, Mark Wilkinson

Biology Faculty Publications

The phylogenetic relationships of microhylid frogs are poorly understood. The first molecular phylogeny for continental African microhylids is presented, including representatives of all subfamilies, six of the eight genera, and the enigmatic hemisotid Hemisus. Mitochondrial 12S and 16S rRNA sequence data were analysed using parsimony, likelihood and Bayesian methods. Analyses of the data are consistent with the monophyly of all sampled subfamilies and genera. Hemisus does not nest within either brevicipitines or non-brevicipitines. It is possibly the sister group to brevicipitines, in which case brevicipitines might not be microhylids. Phrynomantis and Hoplophryne potentially group with non-African, non-brevicipitine microhylids, in …

Origin And Evolution Of Large Brains In Toothed Whales, Lori Marino, Daniel W. Mcshea, Mark D. Uhen

Veterinary Science and Medicine Collection

Toothed whales (order Cetacea: suborder Odontoceti) are highly encephalized, possessing brains that are significantly larger than expected for their body sizes. In particular, the odontocete superfamily Delphinoidea (dolphins, porpoises, belugas, and narwhals) comprises numerous species with encephalization levels second only to modern humans and greater than all other mammals. Odontocetes have also demonstrated behavioral faculties previously only ascribed to humans and, to some extent, other great apes. How did the large brains of odontocetes evolve? To begin to investigate this question, we quantified and averaged estimates of brain and body size for 36 fossil cetacean species using computed tomography and …

The Other Side Of Silence: Rachel Carson’S Views Of Animals, Marc Bekoff, Jan Nystrom

Animal Welfare Collection

The publication of Rachel Carson’s Silent Spring in 1962 is widely regarded as one of the major events that launched the modern environmental movement. Silent Spring is a compelling blend of stories, natural history, human values, and biological facts. In this essay we consider Carson’s attitude toward animals in Silent Spring and in other texts. Despite the facts that she was raised to love Nature and animals, little direct attention has been given to Carson’s views about our moral responsibilities to, and the moral standing of animals. Carson favored responsible stewardship, was more of an animal welfarist and environmentalist/conservation biologist …

Age Dependence Of Spiral Grain In White Oaks (Quercus Alba) In Southcentral Illinois, Julia Rauchfuss

All-Inclusive List of Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Spiral grain, the alignment of wood fibers (tracheids) to the longitudinal axis of trees, is thought to be an indicator of old age and is a phenomenon that has been only studied with destructive sampling methods (cutting down trees). In this study, the usefulness of non-fatal sampling methods and existing methods to quantify spiral grain patterns in living and dead deciduous trees are examined, particularly in white oaks (Quercus alba). The overall goal is to determine if spiral grain growth is a reasonable indicator of tree age. Methods that were tested included the use of a 12 mm increment borer …

The Prairie Naturalist Volume 36, No.4 December 2004

The Prairie Naturalist

ROADSIDE BIAS IN POINT COUNT SURVEYS AT ARROWWOOD NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE, NORTH DAKOTA ▪ J. S. Dieni and P. Scherr

HISTORY OF GREATER SAGE-GROUSE IN THE DAKOTAS: DISTRIBUTION AND POPULATION TRENDS ▪ . J. T. Smith, L. D. Flake, K. F. Higgins, and G. D. Kobriger

PATCH USE BY A MONOPHAGOUS HERBIVORE IN FRAGMENTED PRAIRIE LANDSCAPES ▪ . M. J. St. Pierre and S. D. Hendrix

SNOWSHOE HARE OCCURRENCE AND WINTER HABITAT ON THE MISSOURI COTEAU IN NORTH DAKOTA ▪ R. K. Murphy 243

HIGH ABUNDANCE OF NESTING LONG-EARED OWLS IN NORTH DAKOTA ▪ R. K. Murphy, L. J. Rosenfield, …

The Ecology And Relationships Of Chiropteran Ectoparasitic Communities Of Indiana, Christopher Michael Ritzi

All-Inclusive List of Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The ectoparasites of bats are an important and largely unstudied area of mammalian ecology. The structure of ectoparasitic communities on bats, and their interactions with their hosts, may help in the understanding of roosting ecology, pa1iurition, and other aspects of host natural history. In this study, a vigorous survey of the ectoparasitic fauna of the bats ofindiana was undertaken, to determine if changes in species composition has occurred over the past 30 years. This survey resulted in the recovery of 51,980 parasites of 13 families from 2,816 host individuals of l O species, documenting 16 new host records and 14 …

Education In The Environment: A Hands-On Student Research And Outdoor Learning Experience: Quarterly Progress Report, Period Ending November 30, 2004, Margaret N. Rees

Reports (PLI Education)

During the past three-months, the focus of the university’s efforts has been 1) making progress on the hiring of permanent project managers for the Education in the Environment Strategy and the Forever Earth / Wonderful Outdoor World on the Water (WOW) projects; 2) completing legal review of the cooperative agreement and standard operating procedures required for the university to assume operations of the Forever Earth vessel; and 3) writing curriculum for the WOW and Forever Earth projects.

Landscape Assessment For The Buckskin Mountain Area, Wildlife Habitat Improvement, Bureau Of Land Management

All U.S. Government Documents (Utah Regional Depository)

No abstract provided.

Red Rock Desert Learning Center Core Group Meeting: November 16, 2004, Red Rock Desert Learning Center

Reports (RRLC)

1. Introductions (5 min.)
2. Approval of Minutes from October 19 Meeting (5 minutes)
3. Presentation of Biology Curriculum Strands – Paul Buck (15 min.)
4. Discussion of Possible Advisory Board Structures – Michael Reiland (15 min.)
5. Update from Line and Space Architects – Les Wallach/Henry Tom (20 min.)
6. Discussion of Student Risk Analysis/Liability Issues (15 min.)
7. Standing Reports (10 minutes)
   A. UNLV/CESU Update – Nancy Flagg
   B. BLM Update – Michael Reiland
8. Committee Reports (5 min.)
   A. Building Committee – Angie Lara
9. Open Discussion / New Business (5 min.)
   A. January Meeting – Tuesday, January 18, 10:30 a.m., UNLV Paradise
   Campus
   B. Core …

Predators In Natural Fragments: Foraging Ecology Of Wolves In British Columbia’S Central And North Coast Archipelago, C. T. Darimont, M. H. H. Price, N. N. Winchester, J. Gordon-Walker, P. C. Paquet

Biogeography and Ecological Opportunity Collection

Aim Predator–prey dynamics in fragmented areas may be influenced by spatial features of the landscape. Although little is known about these processes, an increasingly fragmented planet underscores the urgency to predict its consequences. Accordingly, our aim was to examine foraging behaviour of an apex mammalian predator, the wolf (Canis lupus), in an archipelago environment.

Location Mainland and adjacent archipelago of British Columbia, Canada; a largely pristine and naturally fragmented landscape with islands of variable size and isolation.

Methods We sampled 30 mainland watersheds and 29 islands for wolf faeces in summers 2000 and 2001 and identified prey remains. We examined …

Law, Evolution, And The Brain: Applications And Open Questions, Owen D. Jones

Vanderbilt Law School Faculty Publications

This essay discusses several issues at the intersection of law and brain science. If focuses principally on ways in which an improved understanding of how evolutionary processes affect brain function and human behavior may improve law's ability to regulate behavior. It explores sample uses of such "evolutionary analysis in law" and also raises questions about how that analysis might be improved in the future. Among the discussed uses are: 1) clarifying cost-benefit analyses; 2) providing theoretical foundation and potential predictive power; 3) assessing comparative effectiveness of legal strategies; and 4) revealing deep patterns in legal architecture. Throughout, the essay emphasizes …

Apparent Sibling Rivalry In The Freshwater Clam Sphaerium Striatinum, Mark Beekey, Ronald H. Karlson

Biology Faculty Publications

In Sphaerium striatinum, a freshwater brooding bivalve, up to 97.5% of offspring that adults initially produce fail to reach independence. Marsupial sacs, specialized extensions of gill filaments that act as nurseries, initially contain multiple offspring in various sizes and stages of development. However, by the time offspring reach later stages of development, marsupial sacs typically contain only one offspring. Brood mortality is hypothesized to be the result of competition among embryos for nutrients and/or space. Sphaeriid eggs do not contain enough yolk for offspring to complete development. Adults supply additional nutrients required to reach independence. Brood capacity is limited by …

Red Rock Desert Learning Center Core Group Meeting: October 19, 2004, Red Rock Desert Learning Center

Reports (RRLC)

1. Introductions (5 min.)
2. Approval of Minutes from September 21 Meeting (5 minutes)
3. Review & Discussion of Suggested Core Curriculum Themes – Jeanne Klockow/Michael Reiland (20 min.)
4. Update from Line and Space Architects – Les Wallach/Henry Tom (20 min.)
5. Standing Reports (20 minutes)
   A. UNLV/CESU Update – Nancy Flagg
   C. BLM Update – Michael Reiland
6. Committee Reports (10 min.)
   A. Building – Angie Lara
   B. Design Oversight – David Frommer
   C. Educational Programs – Paul Buck
   D. Fund-Raising & Partnerships – Blaine Benedict
   E. NEPA – Charles Carroll
   F. Operations – Jack Ramsey
   G. Other Uses – Pat Williams
   H. Wild …

Effect Of Thermal Discharges On The Fish Assemblages Of A Nuclear Power Plant In Northern Taiwan, Ching-Yi Chen, Kwang-Tsao Shao, Yueh-Yuan Tu

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

The purpose of this paper is to study whether the thermal plume can affect the fish assemblages in the waters around the outlet area of the Second Nuclear Power Plant located at Kuosheng, a coastline between Yehliu and Chinshan village, northern coast of Taiwan. Both experimental and control stations of underwater census for reef fishes and of drift net sampling for pelagic or demersal fishes above sandy bottom were monitored four times per year from March 2001 to September 2004. The results show that no significant dif-ferences were found between the fish assemblages of the thermal waters and normal ambient …

Upwelling And Degree Of Nutrient Consumption In Nanwan Bay, Southern Taiwan, Chen-Tung Arthur Chen, Bing-Jye Wang, Li-Yu Hsing

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

The newly proposed Degree of Nutrient Consumption (DNC) of upwelled waters was used to evaluate the upwelling process in Nanwan Bay off the southern tip of Taiwan. DNC values were found to be low in subsurface waters or in newly upwelled waters. In general, a low DNC value was detected alongside other traditionally used upwelling indicators such as lower temperature, pH and % oxygen saturation but higher salinity, nutrients and chlorophyll a. On the other hand, the DNC value could be several times higher in aged upwelled water found in the surface layer.

Nearshore Macrobenthic Communities Off Two Nuclear Power Plants In Northern Taiwan, I-Jiunn Cheng, Pou-Chung Ko, Shin-I Hu, Chien-Peng Hu, Trip-Ping Wei

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

The nearshore macrobenthic communities outside the Nuclear Power Plants I and II were monitored on a seasonal basis from winter, 2000 to summer, 2004. The animal and sediment were sampled by scuba diving. The macrobenthic assemblages, sediment characteristics and total organic content were analyzed. The macrobenthos assemblages in terms of species richness, density and biomass was determined. The mean grain size and sorting (i.e. inclusive graphic standard deviation) of sediment were also determined. The small-sized annelids and crustaceans were the dominant macrobenthos. A total of 96 species of macrobenthos was found in the sediment near the Nuclear Power Plant I. …

Seasonal And Spatial Distribution Of Phytoplankton In The Waters Off Nuclear Power Plants, North Of Taiwan, Wen-Tseng Lo, Jiuan-Jiuan Hwang, Pei-Kai Hsu, Hung-Yen Hsieh, Yueh-Yuan Tu, Tien-Hsi Fang, Jiang-Shiou Hwang

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

Species composition of phytoplankton was monitored seasonally in the waters off the First and Second Nuclear Power plants (NPP1 and NPP2), north of Taiwan during 2001-2002. In total, 290 phytoplankton samples were collected and 265 taxa of phytoplankton were recorded. Chaetoceros compressus, Pseudo-nitzschia delicatissima, Skeletonema costatum, Thalassionema nitzschioides, and Lauderia annulata were the top five dominant species. Together they comprised 75% of the total phytoplankton cells. The species number and abundance of phytoplankton showed distinct seasonal, annual, and spatial changes, higher abundance in 2002 than 2001 and highest in August in both years and lowest in March in 2001 and …

Temporal Changes In Fish Assemblage From The Impingement Data At The Second Nuclear Power Plant,Northern Taiwan, Yun-Chih Liao, Li-Shu Chen, Kwang-Tsao Shao, Yueh-Yuan Tu

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

The main purposes of this study are to find out the temporal fluctuation of marine fish community based on impingement data collected at the Second Nuclear Power Plant in recent years (September 2000 to May 2004), and to compare the recent fish community structure data to that of an earlier period, around 14 years ago (July 1987 to April 1990). Comparison of the data collected recently to that collected 14 years ago showed that there were no yearly or monthly differences. However, the community structures reflected by clustering dendrograms or MDS ordination plots were quite different between earlier and recent …

Effects Of Nuclear Power Plant Thermal Effluent On Marine Sessile Invertebrate Communities In Southern Taiwan, Yalan Chou, Ta-Yu Lin, Chen-Tung Arthur Chen, Li-Lian Liu

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

The present study aimed at determining the impact of cooling water discharge from a Nuclear Power Plant in Kenting, Taiwan on the recruitment patterns of marine invertebrates. Field experiments were conducted over a six-year period in the vicinity of the power plant, with six control sites, five at influent areas, one at reference site, and three experimental sites at effluent areas. In general, among the monitoring sites, polychaetes and bryozoans were the most abundant organisms, and their recruitment on settlement plates was always higher in influent than in effluent areas. Partially as a result of a 5-week accidental shutdown of …

The Coastal Currents Offshore The Nuclear Power Plants At Northern Taiwan, Jian-Hwa Hu

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

Coastal tidal currents play an important role to disperse the warm waters outlet from cooling system of a nuclear power plant (NPP). The modern technique of ship-board acoustic Doppler current profiler (SB-ADCP) was intensively applied to scan the current fields around the three NPPs at northern Taiwan. Sophisticated data processing provides time series of synoptic flow charts of vectors in grids associated with streamlines, allowing the visualization of how the bay like coastline input its boundary layer effect to the current field. The generation of cyclonic or anti-cyclonic vortices inside the bay in flood or ebb tide and their migration …

Taxonomic Composition And Seasonal Distribution Of Copepod Assemblages From Waters Adjacent To Nuclear Power Plant I And Ii In Northern Taiwan, Jiang-Shiou Hwang, Yueh-Yuan Tu, Li-Chun Tseng, Lee-Shing Fang, Sami Souissi, Tien-Hsi Fang, Wen-Tseng Lo, Wen-Hung Twan, Shih-Hui Hsiao, Cheng-Han Wu, Shao-Hung Peng, Tsui-Ping Wei, Qing-Chao Chen

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

The nuclear power plants are very important and cheap electric power source for Taiwan. However, the Nuclear Power Plant I and II (NPP I and II) are located in the northern Taiwan where the most populations inhabit. Therefore, the impact of operation of nuclear power plants on the surrounding environment, particularly in the surrounding waters, has drawn great attention to the public of Taiwan. Here we reported the first analyses on a three-year period of monitoring copepod assemblages in the adjacent waters to the NPP I and II. The copepod assemblages in the vicinity waters of NPP I and II …

Marine Environmental Radioactivity Near Nuclear Power Plants In Northern Taiwan, Chih-An Huh, Chih-Chieh Su, Yueh-Yuan Tu, Kwang-Tsao Shao, Ching-Yi Chen, I-Jiunn Cheng

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

The levels and composition of environmental radioactivity at the outlets of nuclear power plants and nearby coastal environs in northern Taiwan have been investigated by gamma spectrometric analysis of seawater, algae, fish and sediment samples collected systematically in the past four years. The results show that anthropogenic radionuclides contribute very little to the total radioactivities in all types of samples. Samples from the outlet of the Second Nuclear Power Plant are more enriched in artificial nuclides, with average algae samples containing ~4 Bq/kg of 137Cs + 54Mn + 60Co (or 3.6% of the total activity) and average sediment samples containing …