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Articles 1 - 12 of 12
Full-Text Articles in Ecology and Evolutionary Biology
Resolution Of Deep Nodes Yields An Improved Backbone Phylogeny And A New Basal Lineage To Study Early Evolution Of Asteraceae, Jose L. Panero, Susana E. Freire, Luis Ariza Espinar, Bonnie S. Crozier, Gloria E. Barboza, Juan J. Cantero
Resolution Of Deep Nodes Yields An Improved Backbone Phylogeny And A New Basal Lineage To Study Early Evolution Of Asteraceae, Jose L. Panero, Susana E. Freire, Luis Ariza Espinar, Bonnie S. Crozier, Gloria E. Barboza, Juan J. Cantero
Jose L. Panero
A backbone phylogeny that fully resolves all subfamily and deeper nodes of Asteraceae was constructed using 14 chloroplast DNA loci. The recently named genus Famatinanthus was found to be sister to the Mutisioideae–Asteroideae clade that represents more than 99% of Asteraceae and was found to have the two chloroplast inversions present in all Asteraceae except the nine genera of Barnadesioideae. A monotypic subfamily Famatinanthoideae and tribe Famatinantheae are named herein as new. Relation- ships among the basal lineages of the family were resolved with strong support in the Bayesian analysis as (Barnadesioideae (Famatinanthoideae (Mutisioideae (Stifftioideae (Wunderlichioideae– Asteroideae))))). Ancestral state reconstruction …
Geologic Constraints On Rain-Fed Qocha Reservoir Agricultural Infrastructure,Northern Lake Titicaca Basin, Peru, Nathan Craig, Mark Aldenderfer, Catherine Rigsby, Paul Baker, Luis A. Flores
Geologic Constraints On Rain-Fed Qocha Reservoir Agricultural Infrastructure,Northern Lake Titicaca Basin, Peru, Nathan Craig, Mark Aldenderfer, Catherine Rigsby, Paul Baker, Luis A. Flores
Luis FLORES
This paper reports new data on qocha ponds from the Rio PucaraeAzángaro interfluvial zone, northern Lake Titicaca Basin, Peru. Qocha are a little known form of Andean agriculture that developed around 800e500 B.C. and remain in use today. Prior estimates suggested that in the study area, there were more than 25,000 qocha. While most Andean sunken beds are excavated to reach groundwater, qocha are rainfed ponds. How these rain-fed ponds functioned has been an open question, but one that is answered in part by research presented in this paper. We suggest that a thick impermeable stratum of clay that was …
Background Fluorescence In Groundwater From A Tropical Karst Island Aquifer, Michelle Hoffman
Background Fluorescence In Groundwater From A Tropical Karst Island Aquifer, Michelle Hoffman
Michelle Hoffman
Background levels of four fluorescent compounds were monitored biweekly at thirteen sampling sites on Guam, consisting of subtidal and intertidal springs, dissolution fractures, and internal upland contact spring discharge, over a 13-month period from 2006 to 2007. Samples were compared to local precipitation and to seawater samples from four nearby reef flats. The data revealed that the concentrations of optical brighteners were consistently two orders of magnitude greater than either sodium fluorescein or rhodamine WT, while Eosine Y was rarely detected. Background levels in seawater, by comparison, accounted for 25% or more of the fluorescent compounds detected at the thirteen …
Climate Change And Freshwater Resources, Noah D. Hall, Bret B. Stuntz, Robert H. Abrams
Climate Change And Freshwater Resources, Noah D. Hall, Bret B. Stuntz, Robert H. Abrams
Noah D Hall
The Earth’s climate is warming. This is the unequivocal conclusion of climate scientists. Despite the complexities of climatology, certain consistent trends emerge with implications for water availability: as the world gets warmer, it will experience increased regional variability in precipitation, with more frequent heavy precipitation events and more susceptibility to drought. These simple facts will have a profound impact on freshwater resources throughout the United States, as the warmer climate will reduce available water supplies and increase water demand. Unfortunately, current water law and policy are not up to the new challenges of climate change and resulting pressures on freshwater …
Pmr6, A Pectate Lyase–Like Gene Required For Powdery Mildew Susceptibility In Arabidopsis, John P. Vogel, Ted K. Raab, Celine Schiff, Shauna C. Somerville
Pmr6, A Pectate Lyase–Like Gene Required For Powdery Mildew Susceptibility In Arabidopsis, John P. Vogel, Ted K. Raab, Celine Schiff, Shauna C. Somerville
Ted K. Raab
The plant genes required for the growth and reproduction of plant pathogens are largely unknown. In an effort to identify these genes, we isolated Arabidopsis mutants that do not support the normal growth of the powdery mildew pathogen Erysiphe cichoracearum. Here, we report on the cloning and characterization of one of these genes, PMR6. PMR6 encodes a pectate lyase-like protein with a novel C-terminal domain. Consistent with its predicted gene function, mutations in PMR6 alter the composition of the plant cell wall, as shown by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. pmr6-mediated resistance requires neither salicylic acid nor the ability to perceive …
Visualizing Rhizosphere Chemistry Of Legumes With Mid-Infrared Synchrotron Radiation, Ted K. Raab, Michael C. Martin
Visualizing Rhizosphere Chemistry Of Legumes With Mid-Infrared Synchrotron Radiation, Ted K. Raab, Michael C. Martin
Ted K. Raab
A bright synchrotron light source operated by the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory served as an external source for infrared (IR) microscopy of plant root microcosms. Mid-IR light from synchrotrons is 2-3 orders of magnitude brighter than conventional sources, providing contrast based on the chemical information in the reflected signal at a spatial resolution near the diffraction-limit of 3-10 microns. In an experiment using plant root microcosms fitted with zinc selenide IR-transmissive windows (50 mm x 20 mm x 1 mm), we describe chemical differences and similarities within the root zone of mung bean (Vigna radiata L.), grown with or without …
The Unusual Life History Of Alseis Blackiana: A Shade-Persistent Pioneer Tree?, Jason D. Nason, J. W. Dalling, K. Winter, S. P. Hubbell, D. A. Murawski, J. L. Hamrick
The Unusual Life History Of Alseis Blackiana: A Shade-Persistent Pioneer Tree?, Jason D. Nason, J. W. Dalling, K. Winter, S. P. Hubbell, D. A. Murawski, J. L. Hamrick
Jason D Nason
Classifications of tree species into regeneration guilds or functional groups are often based on a limited number of life history characteristics indicative of requirements for early establishment, with the assumption that these traits are correlated with growth requirements of larger individuals. We tested the validity of this assumption for Alseis blackiana, a common canopy tree in central Panama, by examining its seed germination, seedling growth, and sapling distribution, growth, and mortality. We found that the early life history of Alseis is characteristic of pioneer species: the seed germination rate was much higher in forest gaps than in the forest understory, …
Toward An Ecosystem Approach To Remediation In The Great Basin, Ted K. Raab
Toward An Ecosystem Approach To Remediation In The Great Basin, Ted K. Raab
Ted K. Raab
We consider the web of interactions among geologic materials, soils, plants, and animals to ask, "If mining or other extractive energy technologies occur in desert regions, what do we need to know to return the land to productivity?" The Great Basin represents a formidable challenge in this regard, as winters in these cold deserts and seasonal lack of moisture during parts of the year severely constrain the growing season for vegetation. Due to the nature of current or proposed mining activities in this region, we have chosen to concentrate on two potential pollutants: the trace element selenium (Se) and nitrate …
Soil Treatment For Restoration Projects, David A. Bainbridge
Soil Treatment For Restoration Projects, David A. Bainbridge
David A Bainbridge
Soil treatment is a critical step in restoration projects. When soil problems are ignored restoration projects fail. Erosion, compaction, limited infiltration and other problems can make a site very different from its historic function and structure. Treatment can be done with equipment or by hand and will greatly improve chances for success.
Variation In Competitive Abilities Of Plants And Microbes For Specific Amino Acids, David A. Lipson, Ted K. Raab, Steven K. Schmidt, Russ K. Monson
Variation In Competitive Abilities Of Plants And Microbes For Specific Amino Acids, David A. Lipson, Ted K. Raab, Steven K. Schmidt, Russ K. Monson
Ted K. Raab
Microbes are assumed to possess strong competitive advantages over plants for uptake of nutrients from the soil. The finding that non-mycorrhizal plants can obtain a significant fraction of their N requirement from soil amino acids contradicts this assumption. The amino acid glycine (Gly) has been used as a model amino acid in many recent studies. Our preliminary studies showed that Gly was a poor substrate for microbial growth compared to other amino acids. We tested the hypothesis that the alpine sedge Kobresia myosuroides competes better for Gly than for other amino acids because of decreased microbial demand for this compound. …
Pollen Dispersal In Low-Density Populations Of Three Neotropical Tree Species, Jason D. Nason, E. A. Stacy, J. L. Hamrick, S. P. Hubbell, R. B. Foster, R. Condit
Pollen Dispersal In Low-Density Populations Of Three Neotropical Tree Species, Jason D. Nason, E. A. Stacy, J. L. Hamrick, S. P. Hubbell, R. B. Foster, R. Condit
Jason D Nason
Studies of mating patterns of tropical trees, typically involving common species, have revealed that most species are outcrossed and that, in some cases, a significant reaction of outcross pollen moves long distances. We evaluated mating systems and effective pollen dispersal for three hermaphroditic insect-pollinated Neotropical tree species, Calophyllum longifolium, Spondias mombin and Turpinia occidentalis, all of which occurred at low adult densities at the study site. Mating patterns were estimated for each maternal tree within 84-ha populations of C. Longifoliuman d S. mombin in 1992 and 1993 and within a 50-ha population of T. occidentalis in 1993. Each population was …
Non-Mycorrhizal Uptake Of Amino Acids By Roots Of The Alpine Sedge Kobresia Myosuroides: Implications For The Alpine Nitrogen Cycle, Ted K. Raab, David A. Lipson, Russ K. Monson
Non-Mycorrhizal Uptake Of Amino Acids By Roots Of The Alpine Sedge Kobresia Myosuroides: Implications For The Alpine Nitrogen Cycle, Ted K. Raab, David A. Lipson, Russ K. Monson
Ted K. Raab
Non-mycorrhizal plants of the alpine sedge, Kobresia myosuroides , take up the amino acid glycine from nutrient solutions at greater rates than NO3- or NH4+. The amino acids glutamate and proline were also taken up at high rates. Total plant biomass was twice as high after 4 months of growth on glycine, compared to NH4NO3, with significant increases in both root and leaf biomass. By taking advantage of differences in the d13C signature of air in the growth chamber and the glycine used for growth, a two-member mixing model was used to estimate that a significant amount of the glycine …