Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Commons^™

Landscape Plants, Forest Trees, And Crops Most Resistant To Mammal Damage: An Overview, Rex E. Marsh

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

To capitalize on mammal-resistant plants, several approaches may be taken. The most common is to select crops not highly prone to mammal damage (i.e., resistant crops). If a generally susceptible crop is to be grown, the more resistant varieties or cultivars of that crop can be selected, if known. An approach that has not received the attention it warrants is the selection of parent stock with resistant characteristics and the selective breeding of useful species to develop strains, hybrids, or cultivars with improved mammal resistance. For several reasons, this latter approach shows the most promise for forest tree species. It …

The Prairie Naturalist Volume 23, No. 1. March 1991

The Prairie Naturalist

Paul B. Kannowski, Editor

Nikki R. Seabloom, Assistant Editor

Douglas H. Johnson, Book Review Editor

CONTENTS

AGRICULTURAL LAND USE AND MOURNING DOVES IN EASTERN COLORADO: IMPLICATIONS FOR NESTING AND PRODUCTION IN THE GREAT PLAINS ▪ T E. Olson, C. E. Braun, and R. A. Ryder

DISTRIBUTION OF SANDHILL CRANES IN THE NORTH PLATTE RIVER VALLEY 1980 AND 1989 ▪ M. J. Folk and T. C. Tacha

NOCTURNAL BEHAVIOR OF SANDHILL CRANES ROOSTING IN THE PLATTE RIVER, NEBRASKA ▪ B. S. Norling, S. H. Anderson, and W A. Hubert

LEAD POISONING OF A MARBLED GODWIT ▪ L. N. Locke, M. R. …

Searching Image In The Pigeon: A Test Of Three Hypothetical Mechanisms, Alan B. Bond, Donald A. Riley

Papers in Behavior in Biological Sciences

The searching image hypothesis was originally proposed to account for the observation that animals selecting among disparate foods often consume an excess of the more common types. The hypothesis states that animals searching for a particular cryptic food item focus on visual features that are characteristic of that item, thereby facilitating its discrimination from the background. A change in stimulus discriminability is not, however, the only feasible explanation for the effect. One alternative is a simple change in response bias, an increased predisposition to respond to food-related stimuli. Another possible hypothesis derives from the fact that the amount of time …

Sexual Dimorphism In The Kea Nestor Notabilis, Alan B. Bond, Kerry-Jayne Wilson, Judy Diamond

Papers in Behavior in Biological Sciences

Morphological differences between the sexes in Keas Nestor notabilis were quantified from a sample of 86 sexed museum specimens, nine sexed zoo captives and 129 live, wild-caught birds. The results demonstrate that Kea are sexually dimorphic. Males are about 5% larger than females in linear measurements of body size and their upper bills are on average 12-14% longer, with a slightly larger radius of curvature. The dimorphism in bill size was statistically independent of the difference in overall body size, suggesting the possibility of intersexual differences in niche utilisation. Culmen length appears to be a useful means for distinguishing sexes …

Integrating Cognitive Ethology With Cognitive Psychology, Sonja I. Yoerg, Alan Kamil

Papers in Behavior in Biological Sciences

Cognitive ethology has been defined by Griffin (1978,1981, 1984) as the study of mental experiences in animals, restricting the domain of the field to phenomena thought to reveal intentionality, awareness, and conscious thinking. We argue that attempts to study these processes, while revealing impressive behavioral complexity, have proven unsuccessful in establishing the importance of mental experiences in determining animal behavior primarily because of the intractability of the problem. We suggest a different approach that draws upon the rich theory and sophisticated methodology of human and animal cognitive psychology while retaining an ecological and evolutionary perspective. Brief accounts of the conceptual …

Herbivore-Plant Interaction: Temperate And Tropical Patterns: Review Of Peter W. Price Et Al., Eds., Plant-Animal Interactions: Evolutionary Ecology In Tropical And Temperate Regions, Svata M. Louda

Svata M. Louda Publications

This book is an interesting compendium of old and new thoughts on the interactions of herbivores, especially insect herbivores, with plants; the title, however, seems a bit more ambitious. Pollination, for example, surely an important "plant-animal interaction" in both temperate and tropical regions, is mentioned only in passing. This most likely reflects the book's origins in an international symposium on the evolutionary ecology of tropical herbivores. As usual in such a collection of papers, the papers vary in purpose, length, and new insights; even papers that are reviews of previously published information, however, seem to me to present the authors' …

Eumeces Septentrionalis (Prairie Skink): Piscivory., Louis A. Somma

Papers in Herpetology

The prairie skink is a North American lizard characterized by a diet that is primarily insectivorous (Breckenridge 1943. Amer. MidI. Nat. 29:591-606). Fish have not been previously recorded as a food item (reviewed in Somma and Cochran 1989. Great Basin Nat. 49:525-534). On 3 June 1990 between 0930 and 1030 h, six Eumeces septentrionalis (three gravid females, one male, and two juveniles) were captured from amongst riprap and beneath stone slabs on the earthen dam forming the windward shoreline of Burchard lake, Pawnee Co., Nebraska (T.12N., R.10E., Sec. 4). The three females and one juvenile were placed in the …

Slope Effects On Shortwave Radiation Components And Net Radiation: Interim Report For Period April 1, 1991- December 31, 1991, E. A. Walter-Shea, B. L. Blad, C. J. Hays, M. A. Mesarch

School of Natural Resources: Documents and Reviews

No abstract provided.

Introgression Of Coyote Mitochondrial Dna Into Sympatric North American Gray Wolf Populations, Niles Lehman, Andrew Eisenhawer, Kimberly Hansen, L. David Mech, Rolf O. Peterson, Peter J. P. Gogan, Robert K. Wayne

United States Geological Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center: Publications

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) genotypes of gray wolves and coyotes from localities throughout North America were determined using restriction fragment length polymorphisms. Of the 13 genotypes found among the wolves, 7 are clearly of coyote origin, indicating that genetic transfer of coyote mtDNA into wolf populations has occurred through hybridization. The transfer of mtDNA appears unidirectional from coyotes into wolves because no coyotes sampled have a wolf-derived mtDNA genotype. Wolves possessing coyote-derived genotypes are confined to a contiguous geographic region in Minnesota, Ontario, and Quebec, and the frequency of coyote- type mtDNA in these wolf populations is high (> 500%). The …

Social Behavior And The Ontogeny Of Foraging In The Kea (Nestor Notabilis), Judy Diamond, Alan B. Bond

Papers in Behavior in Biological Sciences

Kea are omnivorous parrots endemic to the high mountains of the South Island of New Zealand. Over a two-year period, we recorded quantitative behavioral data from 38 banded male kea foraging at a refuse dump outside Arthur's Pass National Park and analyzed the effects of social factors on the ontogeny of foraging. Members of the four distinguishable age classes — fledglings, juveniles, subadults, and adults — displayed characteristic differences in foraging ability and in the social behavior used to obtain access to resources. Adults performed most of the excavation that uncovered new food resources. Fledglings explored and manipulated objects almost …

New And Corrected Floristic Records For Nebraska, Steven B. Rolfsmeier, Robert B. Kaul, David M. Sutherland

Transactions of the Nebraska Academy of Sciences and Affiliated Societies

Nineteen species (including eight Eurasian ones) are newly recorded for Nebraska: Alopecurus arundinaceus, Amaranthus californicus, Asclepias asperula, A. purpurascens, Cardamine {lexuosa*, Centaurea diffusa, Dipsacus laciniatus, Eriochloa villosa, Euclidium syriacum, Gentiana alba, Geranium viscosissimum, Geum vernum, Goodyera oblongifolia, Haplopappus multicaulis, Heterotheca latifolia, Lathyrus tuberosus, Polygonum douglasii, Scirpus saximontanus, Veronica biloba. Twenty-one others are shown to be more widespread in Nebraska than previously known, one has a more restricted range than previously reported, two (Scirpus smithii, S. torreyi) are deleted from the flora based upon corrected identifications, and the status of some rarely-collected species is updated. Thirty-two additions, two …

The Distribution And Reproductive Phenology Of The Milkweeds (Asclepiadaceae: Asclepias And Cynanchum) In Nebraska, Robert B. Kaul, Steven B. Rolfsmeier, Jeffrey J. Esch

Transactions of the Nebraska Academy of Sciences and Affiliated Societies

The Asclepiadaceae are represented in Nebraska by seventeen native species of Asclepias and one of Cynanchum. Two species are here added to the State's flora: Asclepias asperula and A. purpurascens. Detailed county distribution maps are presented for all species based upon our extensive field and herbarium work, and numerous additions and corrections are made to the maps published in the Atlas of the Flora of the Great Plains in 1977. A map is presented showing the zone of hybridization of A. speciosa with A. syriaca in central Nebraska. Data are given on flowering and fruiting phenology for each …

Dietary And Parasitological Analysis Of Coprolites Recovered From Mummy 5, Ventana Cave, Arizona, Karl Reinhard, Richard H. Hevly

Karl Reinhard Publications

Four coprolites were excavated with Burial 5 at Ventana Cave. a partially mummified five-year-old child. Two coprolites were granular and dark in color and two were fibrous and light in color. The coprolites are remains of the child's intestinal contents and were submitted for dietary and parasitological analysis. No parasites were found. The fibrous coprolites proved to be remains of highly masticated mesquite pods (Prosopis). The granular coprolites consist of seeds of saguaro cactus (Carnegiea gigantea). Pollen analysis reveals two dietary pollen types, both derived from cactus. No evidence of cultivated plants except for a trace amount of …

A Report On Black-Tailed Prairie Dogs In Nebraska, Their Biology, Behavior, Ecology, Management, And Responses To A Visual Barrier Fence, Nancy S. Foster

School of Natural Resources: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

I examined the effects of a visual barrier fence, which had a see-through visibility of 600/0, on the foraging, vigilance, and aggressive behaviors of adult female black-tailed prairie dogs from June through August 1990 in central Nebraska. I also examined changes in their home ranges and use of an area in response to this fence. Prairie dogs prefer an open view of their surroundings. Therefore, I expected animals near a visual barrier to spend more time in vigilance and aggression, and less time foraging. Adult female prairie dogs exposed to the visual barrier devoted more time to foraging and less …

The Prairie Naturalist Volume 22, No. 4. December 1990

The Prairie Naturalist

Paul B. Kannowski, Editor

Nikki R. Seabloom, Assistant Editor

Douglas H. Johnson, Book Review Editor

CONTENTS

DISTRIBUTION AND STATUS OF GREATER PRAIRIE-CHICKENS IN COLORADO ▪ B. F. Van Sant and C. E. Braun

IMPORTANCE OF AN OLD, MULTIPLE-USE RESERVOIR TO MIGRATING AND WINTERING DABBLING DUCKS ▪ D. M. Leslie, Jr. , and W. J. Stancill

SIMILARITY OF MALLARD NESTING ON A SOUTH DAKOTA ISLAND BETWEEN 1967-68 and 1985-87 ▪ S. G. Simpson and D. Limmer

BOBCAT HABITAT USE IN SOUTHEASTERN MONTANA DURING PERIODS OF HIGH AND LOW LAGOMORPH ABUNDANCE ▪ B. J. Giddings, G. L. Risdahl, and L. R. Irby …

Polymorphism Of Eimerian Oocysts Can Be A Problem In Naturally Infected Hosts: An Example From Subterranean Rodents In Bolivia, Scott Lyell Gardner, Donald W. Duszynski

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Since 1986, 364 tuco-tucos (Ctenomys spp.) representing 7 species were collected from 16 major collecting areas representing at least 4 distinct ecological habitats in Bolivia, South America. All were examined for coccidia, and 125 (34%) had oocysts in their feces including 84 of 236 (36%) Ctenomys boliviensis from tropical palm/savanna habitats; 1 of 3 (33%) C. conoveri from a chaco thorn forest; 3 of 7 (33%) C. frater from medium altitude grass habitats; and 6 of 8 (75%) C. lewisi and 31 of 35 (88%) C. opimus from high altitude/puna habitats. None of 3 C. …

The Prairie Naturalist Volume 22, No. 3. September 1990

The Prairie Naturalist

Paul B. Kannowski, Editor

Nikki R. Seabloom, Assistant Editor

Douglas H. Johnson, Book Review Editor

CONTENTS

ASSEMBLAGES OF SMALL FISH IN THREE HABITAT TYPES ALONG THE PLATTE RIVER, NEBRASKA ▪ D. T. O'Shea, W. A. Hubert, and S. H. Anderson

SPAWNING HABITAT OF CHANNEL CATFISH IN THE POWDER RIVER SYSTEM, WYOMING-MONTANA D. R. Gerhardt and W. A. Hubert

OCCURRENCE OF AMERICAN WHITE PELICANS ALONG THE PLATTE RIVER, NEBRASKA ▪ J. G. Sidle, C. A. Faanes, and W. G. Jobman

DIET OF CANVASBACKS DURING BREEDING ▪ J. E. Austin, J. R. Serie, and J. H. Noyes

BROOD HABITAT USE OF RIO …

The Prairie Naturalist Volume 22, No. 2. June 1990

The Prairie Naturalist

Paul B. Kannowski, Editor

Nikki R. Seabloom, Assistant Editor

Douglas H. Johnson, Book Review Editor

CONTENTS

BREEDING BIOLOGY OF THE BLACK-TAILED PRAIRIE DOG IN NORTH DAKOTA ▪ R. W. Seabloom and P. W. Theisen

PATTERNS OF RESOURCE USE IN A LIZZARD COMMUNITY IN THE NEBRASKA SAND HILLS PRAIRIE ▪ R. E. Ballinger, S. M. Jones, and J. W. Nietfeldt

A THIRTEEN-YEAR SURVEY OF THE APHIDOPHAGOUS INSECTS OF ALFALFA ▪ N. C. Elliott and R. W. Kieckhefer

STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION OF PLAINS SHARP-TAILED GROUSE IN COLORADO ▪ A. W. Hoag and C. E. Braun

CHRISTMAS BIRD COUNTS FOR NORTH DAKOTA - …

Plant Morphology And Herbivory: Review Of M.J.A. Werger Et Al., Eds., Plant Form And Vegetation Structure: Adaptation, Plasticity And Relation To Herbivory, Svata M. Louda

Svata M. Louda Publications

This edited volume contains 26 contributed papers presented at the International Symposium on Vegetation Structure in Utrecht 14-18 July 1987. The editors organize the papers into three broadly related areas: (1) morphological plasticity of plant growth form in response to environmental variation, (2) morphological and ecological aspects of dry matter partitioning, and (3) herbivory in plant growth and plant community structure. All of the papers take a functional view of plant growth form and vegetation architectural structure, to one extent or another. The papers are uneven; stated objectives, scope of the subject matter covered, and degree of conceptualization vary substantially …

The Development Of A Policy For The Management Of Dingo Populations In South Australia, R. J. Downward, J. E. Bromell

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 14th (1990)

Competing concerns between conservation and sheep-growing interests in South Australia over problems associated with the naturalized dog,Canis familiaris dingo, prompted the development of a policy for the management of this subspecies. The background to the development of this policy is outlined. The policy provides for a compromise between the need to protect the livestock industry while ensuring the continued survival of the dingo as a wildlife species.

The Prairie Naturalist Volume 22, No. 1 March 1990

The Prairie Naturalist

Paul B. Kannowski, Editor

Nikki R. Seabloom, Assistant Editor

Douglas H. Johnson, Book Review Editor

CONTENTS

DUCK NESTING ON ISLANDS AT J. CLARK SALYER REFUGE IN NORTH DAKOTA, 1983–1984 ▪ A. D. Aufforth, H. Goetz, and K. F. Higgins

PRODUCTION OF TALL-GRASS PRAIRIE HERBS BELOW EASTERN REDCEDAR ▪ S. D. Smith and J. Stubbendieck

HABITAT BREADTH OF NONGAME RODENTS IN THE MIXED-GRASS PRAIRIE REGION OF NORTH CENTRAL KANSAS ▪ D. W. Kaufman, B. K. Clark, and G. A. Kaufman

UNIONID MOLLUSCS IN THE BIG BEND REACH OF THE PLATTE RIVER, NEBRASKA ▪ M. D. Roedel

POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS OF ROCK BASS …

Calibration Of Field Reference Panel And Radiometers Used In Fife 1989: Semi-Annual Report For Period February 1- September 30, 1990, B. L. Blad, E. A. Walter-Shea, C. J. Hays, M. A. Mesarch

School of Natural Resources: Documents and Reviews

No abstract provided.

Pflanzengesellchaften Der Mongolei, Werner Hilbig

Erforschung biologischer Ressourcen der Mongolei / Exploration into the Biological Resources of Mongolia, ISSN 0440-1298

First paragraphs of the introduction:

In Fortführung der Forschungsreisen der russischen Floristen und Pflanzengeouraphen im vorigen und Anfang dieses Jahrhunderts wurden erste Expeditionen zur systematischen Erforschung der Naturressourcen der Mongolei in den 20er und 30er Jahren durchgeführt. Sie wurden von der Akademie der Wissenschaften der UdSSR und der Akademie der Wissenschaften der MVR (vorher Wissenschaftliches Komitee der MVR) organisiert. Auch die von der Geographischen GeselIschaft und der Akademie der Wissenschaften der UdSSR durchgeführten Expeditionen zur Erforschung der natürlichen Bedingungen und der Landwirtschaft in der Mongolei schufen Möglichkeiten zur Entwicklung der geobotanischen Forschungsrichtung (vgl. GUBANOV u. HILBIG 1989).

Als erste eigenständi"e …

Title Page, Verso Of The Title Page, And Contents For Erforschung Biologischer Ressourcen Der Mongolischen Volksrepublik, Band 8, Michael Stubbe

Erforschung biologischer Ressourcen der Mongolei / Exploration into the Biological Resources of Mongolia, ISSN 0440-1298

Title page, verso of the title page, and contents of Erforschung biologischer Ressourcen der Mongolischen Volksrepublik, Band 8 (1990).

Predispersal Seed Predation, Postdispersal Seed Predation And Competition In The Recruitment Of Seedlings Of A Native Thistle In Sandhills Prairie, Svata M. Louda, Martha A. Potvin, Sharon K. Collinge

Svata M. Louda Publications

Platte thistle (Cirsium canescens Nutt.) is a native monocarpic plant species of Sandhills prairie. We concurrently tested three biological interactions that could influence its recruitment and population density: (1) predispersal flower and seed consumption by insects; (2) postdispersal loss of seeds to vertebrates, and (3) seedling competition with established plants. Few previous experimental studies have analyzed more than one of these processes at a time. Each interaction had a significant negative impact on seedling establishment. Insect seed predation caused major losses that were magnified in each succeeding life history stage. A 3-fold reduction in viable seeds by insects led …

Spatial Memory In Seed-Caching Corvids, Alan Kamil, Russell P. Balda

Papers in Behavior in Biological Sciences

Our purpose in this article is to review the results of our studies of the mechanisms underlying cache recovery by members of the crow, jay, and nutcracker family. In this research program, we have combined psychological and ecological approaches to the study of memory, and the results demonstrate the utility of this interdisciplinary strategy. Unlike most psychological research on learning and memory, this research program originated in the study of how a particular species solves a particular ecological problem. It serves as an example of how natural history and ecology can provide the starting point for a research program that …

Geographic Distribution: Tropidoclonion Lineatum (Lined Snake). Usa: Nebraska: Douglas Co., Louis A. Somma, James D. Fawcett

Papers in Herpetology

TROPIDOCLONION LINEATUM (Lined Snake). USA: NEBRASKA: Douglas Co. Omaha. jct. of 156th & F Streets (NE corner Sec. 3, T14N, R11E). 3 June 1980. J.J. Krupa. UNO 102-03680. Adult killed by lawnmower (J. Krupa. pers. comm.) at relict tallgrass prairie site (Beottcher 1981, Master's Thesis, University of Nebraska at Omaha). ca. 82.5 km SE of record in Cuming County and 75 km NE of record in Lancaster County (Lynch 1985, Trans. Nebraska Acad. Sci. 13: 33-57). Fills gap between easternmost records in central Nebraska and Westernmost records in Iowa (Christiansen 1981, Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci. 88: 24-26; Christiansen & Bailey, …

Helminth Parasitism In Martens (Martes Americana) And Ermines (Mustela Erminea) From Washington, With Comments On The Distribution Of Trichinella Spiralis, Eric P. Hoberg, Keith B. Aubry, J. David Brittell

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Helminths are reported for the first time from ermines (Mustela erminea) and martens (Martes americana) in Washington, USA. Among 22 adult ermines, 41% were infected by one or more of five species (Taenia mustelae, Alaria mustelae, Molineus patens, M. mustelae, and Trichinella spiralis). Among 78 adult martens from three geographic localities, the prevalence was 83%. Nine species were identified (Mesocestoides sp., T. mustelae and T. martis americana, Euryhelmis squamula, M. patens, Baylisascaris devosi, Physaloptera sp., Soboliphyme baturini, and T. spiralis). Trichinella spiralis …

Hawks, Eagles, And Falcons Of North America: Biology And Natural History, Paul A. Johnsgard

Paul Johnsgard Collection

I have tried to present an adequate if far from exhaustive survey of the general biology, ecology, and behavior of all the included species, written so as to be understandable to the interested layman as well as useful to the biologist who might be looking for relevant literature citations or trying to deal with a specific question without resorting to extensive library searches. The larger number of species of North American hawklike birds (31, compared to 19 owl species) has required that I keep the individual species accounts substantially shorter. I have excluded the New World vultures from consideration, primarily …

The Prairie Naturalist Volume 21, No.4 December 1989

The Prairie Naturalist

SMALL MAMMALS IN TALL-GRASS PRAIRIE: PATTERNS ASSOCIATED WITH GRAZING AND BURNING ▪ E. K. Clark, D. W. Kaufman, E. J. Finck, and G. A. Kaufman

BURROW DISTRIBUTION OF THIRTEEN-LINED GROUND SQUIRRELS IN RELATION TO TREE CANOPIES ▪ J. L. Koprowski 185

SPRING AND SUMMER PREY REMAINS COLLECTED FROM MALE MINK DENS IN SOUTHWESTERN MANITOBA ▪ . T. W. Arnold and E. K. Fritzell

BREEDING CANVASBACKS: A TEST OF A HABITAT MODEL ▪ D. H. Johnson, M. C. Hammond, T. L. McDonald, C. L. Nustad, and M. D. Schwartz

A CHECKLIST OF THE ANTS OF OKLAHOMA ▪ G. C. Wheeler and …