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Articles 31 - 60 of 765

Full-Text Articles in Ecology and Evolutionary Biology

Sediment Sourcing In Cascade Watersheds And Nearshore Dispersal Of Terrestrial Sediment And Contaminants Using Multivariate Geochemical Analysis, Renee Takesue Apr 2020

Sediment Sourcing In Cascade Watersheds And Nearshore Dispersal Of Terrestrial Sediment And Contaminants Using Multivariate Geochemical Analysis, Renee Takesue

Salish Sea Ecosystem Conference

Coastal ecosystems require sediment inputs of sufficient quantity and quality to maintain ecological integrity. Identification of sources and processes affecting quality and nearshore dispersal of terrestrial sediment are important considerations for successful habitat restoration and resource management. Sourcing of sediment via geochemical fingerprinting is one way to explore such processes, and appears to be a promising approach in Cascade watersheds where volcanic uplands confer distinct geochemical signatures relative to glacial and marine sediment. A sediment geochemical source-to-sink study using compositional data of the fine fraction was undertaken from the Nooksack River watershed to Bellingham and Samish Bays in March 2019 …

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Squishy But Not Useless For Energy Balance: Energetic Value Of Gelatinous Zooplankton From The Salish Sea And Adjacent Waters, Florian Lüskow Apr 2020

Squishy But Not Useless For Energy Balance: Energetic Value Of Gelatinous Zooplankton From The Salish Sea And Adjacent Waters, Florian Lüskow

Salish Sea Ecosystem Conference

Despite the low energy content, the contribution of gelatinous zooplankton (GZ; medusae, siphonophores, ctenophores, pelagic tunicates, pelagic gastropods) to predator energy budgets might be much greater than traditionally assumed (trophic dead end hypothesis). Feeding on GZ does, in fact, hold several advantages for the predator, including fast digestion, low capture and handling costs, easy access during blooms. Selective feeding on the more energy-rich tissues and organs can enhance prey attractivity for predators. Results of new analytical approaches have revealed that GZ around the world’s oceans are frequently consumed by a diverse set of marine predators. Nevertheless, GZ are infrequently included …

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Temporal Variability Of Phytoplankton Communities In Padilla Bay, Washington, Holly Young Apr 2020

Temporal Variability Of Phytoplankton Communities In Padilla Bay, Washington, Holly Young

Salish Sea Ecosystem Conference

Phytoplankton are a critical component of estuarine food webs and changes in their community composition may indicate shifts in ecosystem-scale processes, such as grazing pressure or nutrient availability. However, seasonal variability of phytoplankton communities and potential links to ecosystem processes are not well understood in Padilla Bay. To meet this research need, we have established a monitoring program to investigate how phytoplankton communities change over time. These monitoring efforts are part of a reserve wide program that investigates water quality, zooplankton, and phytoplankton across four sites in Padilla Bay. The present study focuses on phytoplankton collected at an open water …

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The Hood Canal Bridge Impedes Migration Of Juvenile Salmonids, Emily Bishop Apr 2020

The Hood Canal Bridge Impedes Migration Of Juvenile Salmonids, Emily Bishop

Salish Sea Ecosystem Conference

Between 2006 and 2010, Moore et al. (2013) conducted an acoustic tagging study to evaluate early marine survival of outmigrating steelhead. Results of that study showed high mortality near the Hood Canal Bridge, ranging between 0 and 36%, which led to the formation of the Hood Canal Bridge Assessment Team. The Assessment Team set out to examine water quality, predator presence, and physical aspects of the bridge structure as they related to steelhead outmigration in 2017 and 2018. As part of the Team, the Port Gamble S’Klallam Tribe used a variety of sampling techniques to characterize biota assemblage, abundance, and …

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Toxicity Of Gasoline, Diesel And Weathered Diesel Related Petroleum Hydrocarbons To Freshwater And Marine Organisms, Curtis Eickhoff Apr 2020

Toxicity Of Gasoline, Diesel And Weathered Diesel Related Petroleum Hydrocarbons To Freshwater And Marine Organisms, Curtis Eickhoff

Salish Sea Ecosystem Conference

The purpose of this study was to determine environmental effects-based concentrations of total petroleum hydrocarbons for assessing the impacts of fresh gasoline and fresh or weathered diesel in the freshwater and marine environments. The study was conducted by the Washington State Department of Ecology (Ecology) and Nautilus Environmental to determine the NOEC and LOEC of gasoline, diesel and weathered diesel, in addition to IC25 and IC50 endpoints, using aquatic toxicity bioassays. In separate experiments, hydrocarbons within either the diesel or gasoline range were spiked into toxicity test solutions and weathered diesel in contaminated groundwater was obtained from a well-characterised site …

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Utility Of The Strait Of Georgia Data Centre As A Marine Spatial Planning Tool, Benjamin Skinner Apr 2020

Utility Of The Strait Of Georgia Data Centre As A Marine Spatial Planning Tool, Benjamin Skinner

Salish Sea Ecosystem Conference

The Strait of Georgia Data Centre (SGDC) has been developed to serve as a secure repository and archive for marine ecosystem data specific to the Strait of Georgia (www.sogdatacentre.ca) and is a collaborative effort between the Pacific Salmon Foundation and the University of British Columbia. From the website the public can access literature specific to the Strait of Georgia, general information about the ecosystems of the Strait of Georgia, as well as search for and download available data and metadata. One focus of the SGDC has been to provide a centralized hub from which users can search, view and download …

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Sound Impacts 2.0, Aaron Clark Apr 2020

Sound Impacts 2.0, Aaron Clark

Salish Sea Ecosystem Conference

In 2015, Stewardship Partners began creating a pilot impact metrics portal for Puget Sound called Sound Impacts (www.SoundImpacts.org). Now in its 4th year of operation, the portal tracks and provides data-based storytelling resources for 6,332 individual projects that have an estimated annual impact of managing 815,258,094 gallons of stormwater. Dozens of organizations and agencies are using Sound Impacts to track and catalog their efforts and others are using it as they consider how and where to make new investments in ecological restoration and green infrastructure. In 2020, Sound Impacts will undergo a redevelopment to add ecological impacts and co-benefits beyond …

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Using Seasonality And Particle Tracking To Trace Intermediate Water In The Strait Of Georgia, Samuel Stevens Apr 2020

Using Seasonality And Particle Tracking To Trace Intermediate Water In The Strait Of Georgia, Samuel Stevens

Salish Sea Ecosystem Conference

The Strait of Georgia is a complex system of basins and waterways within the Salish Sea that receives the majority of Greater Vancouver’s wastewater via riverine input and effluent outfalls. It can be nominally divided into three constituent water masses: (1) a riverine surface layer; (2) a deep oceanic layer; and (3) an intermediate layer, composed of a mixture of the surface and deep waters. The intermediate water (IW) layer is the largest layer volumetrically and a primary component of the region’s subsurface estuarine circulation, yet a comprehensive understanding of the system has proved challenging. Here, we use two methods …

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Using The Collaborative Model Of Storm For Impact And Environmental Engagement, Mary Rabourn Apr 2020

Using The Collaborative Model Of Storm For Impact And Environmental Engagement, Mary Rabourn

Salish Sea Ecosystem Conference

The environment needs communications and engagement programs that are as professional as other environmental projects. STORM (Stormwater Outreach for Regional Municipalities) offers a model for environmental professionals on: 1. Crowd sourcing engagement and action, 2. Sharing a learning environment on best practices, 3. How collaboration adds up to resources, partners, training and impact. Projects of any size can use these approaches to improve outreach. STORM collaborates to design, create and evaluate programs that engage diverse audiences in environmental actions. Over 83 jurisdictions and nonprofit partners use the collective action model to deliver award winning programs. Examples of these techniques will …

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Species Checklists For Salish Sea Seaweeds, Isaak Haberman Apr 2020

Species Checklists For Salish Sea Seaweeds, Isaak Haberman

Salish Sea Ecosystem Conference

There are nearly 700 seaweed species, subspecies and varieties reported in the Northeast Pacific, many with a distribution that includes British Columbia. Yet, it can be difficult to access reported distribution information at a regional scale; for example: does a seaweed species reported from Southern B.C. include the Salish Sea or just the West coast of Vancouver Island? Occurrence data for many seaweeds exist in the form of herbarium specimens, DNA records, and observations made by governmental agencies and citizen science initiatives. However, there are challenges to building species lists from these data, including: difficulty collating the disparate data types …

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Vigor Industrial Southwest Yard Habitat Project: Demolition Of Shipways And Piers On The Duwamish River And Construction Of Transition Zone Habitat, Johnathan Cook Apr 2020

Vigor Industrial Southwest Yard Habitat Project: Demolition Of Shipways And Piers On The Duwamish River And Construction Of Transition Zone Habitat, Johnathan Cook

Salish Sea Ecosystem Conference

Vigor Industrial owns a 27-acre facility at the mouth of the Western Waterway of the Duwamish River. This facility primarily constructs and repairs midsized to large maritime vessels. In 2014, Vigor began negotiating with NOAA a settlement for Natural Resource Damages associated with the Todd Shipyard Sediment Operable Unit of the Harbor Island Superfund Site. Since that time, Vigor has reached an agreement for a Consent Decree and the scope of a habitat restoration project to be constructed at the Shipyard. Using the 2013 PEIS prepared by NOAA, in conjunction with the Elliot Bay Trustees Council, Vigor has designed a …

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Watersheds And Salmon, Student-Driven Habitat Restoration Projects; Increasing Engagement And Place-Based Learning Through Community Partnerships, Rachel Vasak Apr 2020

Watersheds And Salmon, Student-Driven Habitat Restoration Projects; Increasing Engagement And Place-Based Learning Through Community Partnerships, Rachel Vasak

Salish Sea Ecosystem Conference

The Nooksack Salmon Enhancement Association (NSEA) Students for Salmon (SFS) Program is an established 4th grade education program that has served public and private schools, including tribal and homeschool cooperatives in Whatcom County for 20 years at no cost. This multi-stage program includes both in-classroom and outdoor activities over a course of 5-6 weeks. The SFS Program builds a powerful continuum of awareness to action, building on traditional, science-oriented, environmental education. After conducting extensive scientific habitat assessments on local creeks, students then take direct action to restore critical salmon habitat to improve riparian conditions. Students additionally learn how community partnerships …

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A Coastal Health Report Mobilized Community Members To Improve A Marine Environment, Amber Dearden Apr 2020

A Coastal Health Report Mobilized Community Members To Improve A Marine Environment, Amber Dearden

Salish Sea Ecosystem Conference

Howe Sound/Atl’ḵa7tsem is a fjord located close to Vancouver BC, dotted with islands, and home to several communities and many unique marine species. Due to multiple factors including historical industries throughout the fjord and a growing human population with subsequent development, the marine environment became degraded, leading in some cases to population level species impacts. In 2017, an Ocean Watch report was released to summarize the state of Howe Sound/Atl’ḵa7tsem’s coastal ocean environment. The articles contained in the report included recommended actions to improve the marine environment throughout the fjord. These actions were consolidated into an Action Plan containing seven …

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A Comparison Of The Vulnerability Of Marine Ecosystems To Anthropogenic Stressors, Jocelyn Nelson Apr 2020

A Comparison Of The Vulnerability Of Marine Ecosystems To Anthropogenic Stressors, Jocelyn Nelson

Salish Sea Ecosystem Conference

Cumulative effects assessments are increasingly required for resource management, marine spatial planning, and ecosystem-based management. A key step in a cumulative effects assessment is to determine the vulnerability of ecosystem components to stressors, which can be achieved through a vulnerability assessment. However, not all studies define vulnerability in the same way, which can lead to variable and incompatible results. For example, while many cumulative impact mapping studies use expert-derived scoring based on the variables of spatial scale, frequency, trophic impact, percentage change, and recovery time (e.g., Teck et al 2010), others, such as DFO’s Ecological Risk Assessment Framework (O et …

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A Coastal Restoration Online Toolkit - Helping Non-Professionals Go From Idea To Restoration Project, Elsa Schwartz Apr 2020

A Coastal Restoration Online Toolkit - Helping Non-Professionals Go From Idea To Restoration Project, Elsa Schwartz

Salish Sea Ecosystem Conference

Staff at public agencies and non-profit organizations often receive phone calls or applications from individuals outside the professional restoration community (e.g. NGOs, municipalities, or individuals) who have a sincere desire to restore local habitats, but have difficulties figuring out where to begin. Restore America’s Estuaries has developed an online “Toolkit” to support coastal residents and citizen scientists who identify problems with their local coastal environment and have an interest in transforming the idea into a project. The Toolkit enables community members who aspire to improve their local ecosystem, but who need the information and guidance to go from project idea, …

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A Controlled Designation Of Origin Should Be Created For The Salish Sea, Riley Starks Apr 2020

A Controlled Designation Of Origin Should Be Created For The Salish Sea, Riley Starks

Salish Sea Ecosystem Conference

SalishCenter.org seeks to create a geographical destination called Salish Sea Certified. This controlled designation signifies that seafood harvested within the geographical boundaries of the Salish Sea, qualifies to be designated as such. We are currently working with government and stakeholders to accomplish this important goal. We believe that informed consumers will soon recognize the benefits of seafood harvested from local waters, and in turn, will be motivated to protect and improve the ecosystem of the Salish Sea. Our strong messaging and education strategy will give consumers an opportunity to develop a deep and meaningful relationship with local marine waters.

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A Baseline Of Seasonal Changes In The At Sea Distribution And Abundance Of Marine Birds Near Shipping Lanes Around Southern Vancouver Island., Douglas Bertram Apr 2020

A Baseline Of Seasonal Changes In The At Sea Distribution And Abundance Of Marine Birds Near Shipping Lanes Around Southern Vancouver Island., Douglas Bertram

Salish Sea Ecosystem Conference

Baseline information on marine distribution and abundance of marine birds and their prey populations is needed to evaluate current status in relation to threats from potential increases in tanker traffic near Southern Vancouver Island. We conducted year round (bi-trimonthly) boat-based, at-sea surveys between Sidney BC and Victoria BC from November 2015 - November 2019 to examine seasonal variation during the year and between years. Our study area includes parts of the Sidney Channel Important Bird Area, the Shoal Harbour and Victoria Harbour Migratory Bird Sanctuaries and the Chain Islets Ecological Reserve, which are all close to major shipping lanes. With …

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Between Two Worlds Indigenous High School Science Program, Todd Mitchell Apr 2020

Between Two Worlds Indigenous High School Science Program, Todd Mitchell

Salish Sea Ecosystem Conference

Traditional Swinomish culture relies on water dependent livelihoods in the Salish Sea, centered on the Swinomish Reservation near La Conner, Washington. A common saying at Swinomish is “when the tide is out, the table is set”; Subsistence shellfish harvests are common and Swinomish people call themselves the “People of the Salmon.” Without a clear understanding of the interconnectedness of nature, and a sense of stewardship over the land, our natural resources and traditional lifeways may be threatened. Between Two Worlds is a youth education program to give Swinomish high school students a greater appreciation of the land and environment and …

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Assessing The Statistical Similarity Of Port Susan Bay Restoration And Reference Sites, Madison Hoiland Apr 2020

Assessing The Statistical Similarity Of Port Susan Bay Restoration And Reference Sites, Madison Hoiland

Salish Sea Ecosystem Conference

Climate change and human interactions pose significant threats for the health of estuaries. In 2012 The Nature Conservancy (TNC) removed a dike at the mouth of the Stillaguamish river to restore ecosystem functioning and resilience to climate change. Monitoring reference zones is critical for contextualizing growth patterns in complicated systems like estuaries. The purpose of this study was to determine which reference zones were most similar to the restoration zone in Port Susan Bay. Using bulrush measurements collected during my internship with TNC, I used an excel T test to assess statistical similarity between zones based on the means of …

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Climate Change Threatens Net Energy Uptake, Maturation, And Reproduction Of Pacific Sand Lance (Ammodytes Personatus) In The Central Salish Sea, Russel Barsh Apr 2020

Climate Change Threatens Net Energy Uptake, Maturation, And Reproduction Of Pacific Sand Lance (Ammodytes Personatus) In The Central Salish Sea, Russel Barsh

Salish Sea Ecosystem Conference

Juvenile Pacific Herring and Pacific Sand Lance (PSL) are the main prey of juvenile Chinook salmon migrating seaward through the San Juan Islands. Herring and Sand Lance also dominate the diet of resident Chinook (“Blackmouth”) that undoubtedly played an important historical role in the evolution of resident Killer Whale (Orcinus orca) lineages. Many Salish Sea marine birds target Pacific Herring or Pacific Sand Lance as well. Pacific Sand Lance abundance fluctuates considerably in the central Salish Sea, with an overall downward trend since 2009. The role of this forage fish in the Chinook-Killer Whale food web, and survival of many …

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Building A Habitat Suitability Index For Olympia Oyster Restoration, Charlotte Dohrn Apr 2020

Building A Habitat Suitability Index For Olympia Oyster Restoration, Charlotte Dohrn

Salish Sea Ecosystem Conference

Olympia oysters (Ostrea lurida) are the only oyster species native to the west coast of North America. Historical overharvest and environmental stressors have reduced the current population to less than 5% of historic numbers throughout Puget Sound. Restoring native oysters is a priority in Puget Sound and coastwide; oysters provide ecosystem services and may provide critical elements of resilience in coastal ecosystems under changing ocean conditions. The Puget Sound Restoration Fund and partners have been restoring Olympia oysters in Puget Sound for two decades. To support restoration planning, we developed a habitat suitability index model to identify optimal locations for …

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Effect Of Diluted Bitumen On The Survival, Physiology, And Behavior Of The Zebra Finch (Taeniopygia Guttata) And Relevance To Birds Of The Salish Sea, Elizabeth Ruberg Apr 2020

Effect Of Diluted Bitumen On The Survival, Physiology, And Behavior Of The Zebra Finch (Taeniopygia Guttata) And Relevance To Birds Of The Salish Sea, Elizabeth Ruberg

Salish Sea Ecosystem Conference

Given the ongoing and potential increases in shipment of diluted bitumen (dilbit) out of the port of Vancouver, there is a need for toxicity data to assess the impact of catastrophic dilbit spillage on wildlife, particularly in the Salish Sea. Peer reviewed literature on dilbit toxicity is limited to teleost fish, despite the importance of coastal waters as habitat for a diverse bird fauna, including listed species. In this study we used the zebra finch (Taeniopygia guttata) as a tractable, avian model system for preliminary studies on Cold Lake blend dilbit. Objectives were to 1) determine appropriate methods of establishing …

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Coastal Stream And Embayment Restoration Priorities Along The Bnsf Railroad: Results And Future Action, Phil Bloch Apr 2020

Coastal Stream And Embayment Restoration Priorities Along The Bnsf Railroad: Results And Future Action, Phil Bloch

Salish Sea Ecosystem Conference

The railroad right-of-way is a prominent modification along the eastern shore of the Washington portion of the Salish Sea. It runs along 52 miles of the shoreline, while another 73 miles of railroad is within 200 feet of the shoreline. In many places, the railroad forms a barrier between the coastal watershed and the shoreline, preventing the delivery of water, sediment, wood, and organic matter to the nearshore. This results in ongoing degradation of the habitat quality of the nearshore environment, which is important habitat for juvenile Chinook salmon and other salmonids. Because nearshore restoration along the railroad is expensive …

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Effects Of Local Topography On Streamflow And Stream Temperatures In Fish-Bearing Mountainous Streams Under A Warming Climate, Ryan David Murphy Apr 2020

Effects Of Local Topography On Streamflow And Stream Temperatures In Fish-Bearing Mountainous Streams Under A Warming Climate, Ryan David Murphy

Salish Sea Ecosystem Conference

Western Washington is home to many indigenous tribal communities that have relied on the bountiful natural resources of the region for many hundreds of years. Mountainous watersheds provide valuable fish habitat for culturally and economically important fish species, such as salmonids. Given the historically temperate weather of the Pacific Northwest that is characterized by large amounts of both rainfall and snowfall, concern has grown over the effects that a warming climate might have on freshwater fish habitat. We use the high resolution Distributed Hydrology Soil Vegetation Model (DHSVM) and coupled stream temperature River Basin Model (RBM) to examine the potential …

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Effects Of Shoreline Armoring On Physical Beach Characteristics In The Salish Sea, Wa, Hannah Drummond Apr 2020

Effects Of Shoreline Armoring On Physical Beach Characteristics In The Salish Sea, Wa, Hannah Drummond

Salish Sea Ecosystem Conference

Increasing coastal development makes it vitally important to understand the shoreline’s response to anthropogenic modifications. We compared physical beach characteristics from adjacent sections of armored and unarmored shoreline at a variety of locations in the Salish Sea in order to assess the effects of armoring on beach morphology. Ten reaches, each a minimum of 500 meters in length, were selected from locations sampled with boat-based LiDAR collected by the Washington Department of Ecology Coastal Monitoring & Analysis Program. Cross-shore profiles were generated for each reach at 10-meter intervals alongshore. On each profile, estimates of beach slope, width, and toe elevation …

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Elliott Bay Seawall Habitat Features -- Initial Monitoring Results For Nearshore Ecosystem, Merri Martz Apr 2020

Elliott Bay Seawall Habitat Features -- Initial Monitoring Results For Nearshore Ecosystem, Merri Martz

Salish Sea Ecosystem Conference

The City of Seattle is completing the replacement of the Elliott Bay Seawall along its downtown urban waterfront that included the installation of numerous unique features to enhance the nearshore marine shoreline for salmon migration and to improve nearshore productivity and the food web. The urbanized waterfront is constrained by numerous large piers that shade the nearshore and adjacent deep water from a historical legacy of filling in the nearshore. Key issues addressed by the project included improving natural lighting behind and under several large piers and providing an intertidal habitat corridor along the shoreline. This presentation will describe the …

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Engaging High School Juniors And Seniors At The Ocean Research College Academy As Researchers In A Two Year Study Of An Estuary In The Salish Sea, Ardi Kveven Apr 2020

Engaging High School Juniors And Seniors At The Ocean Research College Academy As Researchers In A Two Year Study Of An Estuary In The Salish Sea, Ardi Kveven

Salish Sea Ecosystem Conference

The Ocean Research College Academy, an interdisciplinary, two year program at Everett Community College, has been utilizing the Salish Sea as a classroom for the past 16 years. Through embedded localized research in an estuary, enrolled 11th and 12th grade students conduct original research on the State of Possession Sound (SOPS) Project. This project is the backbone of the first year curriculum, where 60 students work collaboratively asking questions and gathering water quality data about the local estuary. Students analyze and interpret complex datasets that include temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, pH, chlorophyll concentrations, and turbidity coupled with tidal influence. As …

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Connecting Nodes Throughout The Salish Sea: A Bottom-Up Approach To Strengthening Informed Decision-Making, Policy Making, And Marine Spatial Planning, Bridget John Apr 2020

Connecting Nodes Throughout The Salish Sea: A Bottom-Up Approach To Strengthening Informed Decision-Making, Policy Making, And Marine Spatial Planning, Bridget John

Salish Sea Ecosystem Conference

The Salish Sea is an intricate coastal region that faces myriad anthropogenic challenges. With ocean acidification and warming, an expanding human population, and marine shipping traffic, it is clear that this biologically rich ecosystem requires tools and strategies that link science to policy and conservation actions. One of the core problems in the vast Salish Sea is a lack of connectivity and continuity across communities that conduct research, restoration, and marine spatial planning (MSP): often communities develop plans and policies in silos without sharing information or methods outside of their tight jurisdictions. The Howe Sound/Atl’ka7tsem Marine Reference Guide offers an …

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Habitat Recovery In The Salish Sea, One Community At A Time: Community Engagement For Socio-Ecological Resilience Of Coastal Restoration Projects, Anuradha Rao Apr 2020

Habitat Recovery In The Salish Sea, One Community At A Time: Community Engagement For Socio-Ecological Resilience Of Coastal Restoration Projects, Anuradha Rao

Salish Sea Ecosystem Conference

Community engagement builds both social and ecological resilience of restoration projects. This is particularly true in coastal areas, which are complex both ecologically and socially. The Salish Sea Nearshore Habitat Recovery Program builds on 20 years of community building towards coastal ecosystem restoration on the south coast of British Columbia, Canada. Funding was obtained by a small non-profit organization for seagrass and marine riparian restoration, and marine debris removal to support forage fish and juvenile salmon habitat recovery. The engagement and involvement of a broad community including Indigenous groups, coastal residents, all levels of government, academics and industry has resulted …

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Harmful Algal Species In The Central Basin Of Puget Sound: Seasonal Bloom Patterns Analyzed Via Flowcam Technology, Lyndsey Swanson Apr 2020

Harmful Algal Species In The Central Basin Of Puget Sound: Seasonal Bloom Patterns Analyzed Via Flowcam Technology, Lyndsey Swanson

Salish Sea Ecosystem Conference

The Central Basin of Washington State’s Puget Sound is part of the larger estuarine system known as the Salish Sea. Long-term monitoring of this basin by King County has produced a robust dataset through the year-round collection of a suite of physical, chemical, and biological parameters. A phytoplankton monitoring program was established in 2008 using traditional microscopy methods and in 2014 a particle imaging system was added to the program. Complex interplay among a number of environmental factors contribute to the distribution and magnitude of annual phytoplankton blooms within the estuary, which regularly include several species considered potentially harmful because …

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