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Articles 91 - 114 of 114

Full-Text Articles in Cell and Developmental Biology

Expression Of Osteoarthritis Biomarkers In Temporomandibular Joints Of Mice With And Without Receptor For Advanced Glycation End Products (Rage), Elizabeth Murayama Chavez Matias Jun 2014

Expression Of Osteoarthritis Biomarkers In Temporomandibular Joints Of Mice With And Without Receptor For Advanced Glycation End Products (Rage), Elizabeth Murayama Chavez Matias

Theses and Dissertations

This thesis will be organized into three chapters discussing the mechanism underlying the onset and progression of osteoarthritis (OA) in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). Understanding the mechanism of OA development in the TMJ helps in understanding how OA progresses and how to treat this disease. The goal of this investigation is to examine the process of cartilage degeneration and OA biomarker expression in the TMJ to understand their role in TMJ OA onset and development.Chapter one covers mechanisms that are altered in TMJ OA during disease progression. Using animal models with different stressors such as mechanical disturbances, direct injury, and …

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Mouse Salivary Gland Development Requires Optimal Substrate Compliance, Sarah Beth Peters Jan 2014

Mouse Salivary Gland Development Requires Optimal Substrate Compliance, Sarah Beth Peters

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

The embryonic mouse submandibular salivary gland (mSMG) is a classic model to study mechanochemical signals involved in morphogenesis and differentiation amongst multiple, interacting cell populations. Scaffold compliance is alters cellular phenotype, but little is known about the effects of compliance on organogenesis. The overall aim of this project was to demonstrate that the processes of salivary gland epithelial branching morphogenesis and differentiation require a compliant, in vivo-like environment and are disrupted outside of this range.

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Sensitization Of Human Cancer Cells To Gemcitabine By The Chk1 Inhibitor Mk-8776: Cell Cycle Perturbation And Impact Of Administration Schedule In Vitro And In Vivo, Ryan Montano, Ruth Thompson, Injae Chung, Huagang Hou, Nadeem Khan, Alan Eastman Dec 2013

Sensitization Of Human Cancer Cells To Gemcitabine By The Chk1 Inhibitor Mk-8776: Cell Cycle Perturbation And Impact Of Administration Schedule In Vitro And In Vivo, Ryan Montano, Ruth Thompson, Injae Chung, Huagang Hou, Nadeem Khan, Alan Eastman

Dartmouth Scholarship

Chk1 inhibitors have emerged as promising anticancer therapeutic agents particularly when combined with antimetabolites such as gemcitabine, cytarabine or hydroxyurea. Here, we address the importance of appropriate drug scheduling when gemcitabine is combined with the Chk1 inhibitor MK-8776, and the mechanisms involved in the schedule dependence.

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Adam17-Mediated Processing Of Tnf-Α Expressed By Antiviral Effector Cd8+ T Cells Is Required For Severe T-Cell-Mediated Lung Injury, Matthew P. Deberge, Kenneth H. Ely, Guang-Shing Cheng, Richard I. Enelow Nov 2013

Adam17-Mediated Processing Of Tnf-Α Expressed By Antiviral Effector Cd8+ T Cells Is Required For Severe T-Cell-Mediated Lung Injury, Matthew P. Deberge, Kenneth H. Ely, Guang-Shing Cheng, Richard I. Enelow

Dartmouth Scholarship

Influenza infection in humans evokes a potent CD8+ T-cell response, which is important for clearance of the virus but may also exacerbate pulmonary pathology. We have previously shown in mice that CD8+ T-cell expression of TNF-a is required for severe and lethal lung injury following recognition of an influenza antigen expressed by alveolar epithelial cells. Since TNF-a is first expressed as a transmembrane protein that is then proteolytically processed to release a soluble form, we sought to characterize the role of TNF-a processing in CD8+ T-cell-mediated injury. In this study we observed that inhibition of ADAM17-mediated processing of TNF-a by …

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Dietary Selenium Deficiency Exacerbates Dss-Induced Epithelial Injury And Aom/Dss-Induced Tumorigenesis., C. W. Barrett, K. Singh, A. K. Motley, M. K. Lintel, E. Matafonova, A. M. Bradley, W. Ning, Shenika Poindexter Toliver Jul 2013

Dietary Selenium Deficiency Exacerbates Dss-Induced Epithelial Injury And Aom/Dss-Induced Tumorigenesis., C. W. Barrett, K. Singh, A. K. Motley, M. K. Lintel, E. Matafonova, A. M. Bradley, W. Ning, Shenika Poindexter Toliver

Faculty and Staff Publications

Selenium (Se) is an essential micronutrient that exerts its functions via selenoproteins. Little is known about the role of Se in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Epidemiological studies have inversely correlated nutritional Se status with IBD severity and colon cancer risk. Moreover, molecular studies have revealed that Se deficiency activates WNT signaling, a pathway essential to intestinal stem cell programs and pivotal to injury recovery processes in IBD that is also activated in inflammatory neoplastic transformation. In order to better understand the role of Se in epithelial injury and tumorigenesis resulting from inflammatory stimuli, we examined colonic phenotypes in Se-deficient or …

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Vegf And Angiopoietin-1 Exert Opposing Effects On Cell Junctions By Regulating The Rho Gef Syx, Siu P. Ngok, Rory Geyer, Miaoliang Liu, Antonis Kourtidis, Sudesh Agrawal, Chuanshen Wu, Himabindu Reddy Seerapu, Laura J. Lewis-Tuffin, Karen L. Moodie, Deborah Huveldt, Ruth Marx, Jay M. Baraban, Peter Storz, Arie Horowitz, Panos Z. Anastasiadis Dec 2012

Vegf And Angiopoietin-1 Exert Opposing Effects On Cell Junctions By Regulating The Rho Gef Syx, Siu P. Ngok, Rory Geyer, Miaoliang Liu, Antonis Kourtidis, Sudesh Agrawal, Chuanshen Wu, Himabindu Reddy Seerapu, Laura J. Lewis-Tuffin, Karen L. Moodie, Deborah Huveldt, Ruth Marx, Jay M. Baraban, Peter Storz, Arie Horowitz, Panos Z. Anastasiadis

Dartmouth Scholarship

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and Ang1 (Angiopoietin-1) have opposing effects on vascular permeability, but the molecular basis of these effects is not fully known. We report in this paper that VEGF and Ang1 regulate endothelial cell (EC) junctions by determining the localization of the RhoA-specific guanine nucleotide exchange factor Syx. Syx was recruited to junctions by members of the Crumbs polarity complex and promoted junction integrity by activating Diaphanous. VEGF caused translocation of Syx from cell junctions, promoting junction disassembly, whereas Ang1 maintained Syx at the junctions, inducing junction stabilization. The VEGF-induced translocation of Syx from EC junctions was …

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Pv1 Down-Regulation Via Shrna Inhibits The Growth Of Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma Xenografts, Sophie J. Deharvengt, Dan Tse, Olga Sideleva, Caitlin Mcgarry, Jason R. Gunn, Daniel S. Longnecker, Catherine Carriere, Radu V. Stan May 2012

Pv1 Down-Regulation Via Shrna Inhibits The Growth Of Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma Xenografts, Sophie J. Deharvengt, Dan Tse, Olga Sideleva, Caitlin Mcgarry, Jason R. Gunn, Daniel S. Longnecker, Catherine Carriere, Radu V. Stan

Dartmouth Scholarship

PV1 is an endothelial-specific protein with structural roles in the formation of diaphragms in endothelial cells of normal vessels. PV1 is also highly expressed on endothelial cells of many solid tumours. On the basis of in vitro data, PV1 is thought to actively participate in angiogenesis. To test whether or not PV1 has a function in tumour angiogenesis and in tumour growth in vivo, we have treated pancreatic tumour-bearing mice by single-dose intratumoural delivery of lentiviruses encoding for two different shRNAs targeting murine PV1. We find that PV1 down-regulation by shRNAs inhibits the growth of established tumours derived from two …

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Inhibition Of Fatty Acid Synthase Attenuates Cd44-Associated Signaling And Reduces Metastasis In Colorectal Cancer, Yekaterina Y. Zaytseva, Piotr G. Rychahou, Pat Gulhati, Victoria Allison Elliott, William Conan Mustain, Kathleen O'Connor, Andrew J. Morris, Manjula Sunkara, Heidi L. Weiss, Eun Young Lee, B. Mark Evers Mar 2012

Inhibition Of Fatty Acid Synthase Attenuates Cd44-Associated Signaling And Reduces Metastasis In Colorectal Cancer, Yekaterina Y. Zaytseva, Piotr G. Rychahou, Pat Gulhati, Victoria Allison Elliott, William Conan Mustain, Kathleen O'Connor, Andrew J. Morris, Manjula Sunkara, Heidi L. Weiss, Eun Young Lee, B. Mark Evers

Markey Cancer Center Faculty Publications

Fatty acid synthase (FASN) and ATP-citrate lyase, key enzymes of de novo lipogenesis, are significantly upregulated and activated in many cancers and portend poor prognosis. Even though the role of lipogenesis in providing proliferative and survival advantages to cancer cells has been described, the impact of aberrant activation of lipogenic enzymes on cancer progression remains unknown. In this study, we found that elevated expression of FASN is associated with advanced stages of colorectal cancer (CRC) and liver metastasis, suggesting that it may play a role in progression of CRC to metastatic disease. Targeted inhibition of lipogenic enzymes abolished expression of …

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A Shared Gene Expression Signature In Mouse Models Of Ebv-Associated And Non-Ebv-Associated Burkitt Lymphoma, Kathryn T. Bieging, Kamonwan Fish, Subbarao Bondada, Richard Longnecker Dec 2011

A Shared Gene Expression Signature In Mouse Models Of Ebv-Associated And Non-Ebv-Associated Burkitt Lymphoma, Kathryn T. Bieging, Kamonwan Fish, Subbarao Bondada, Richard Longnecker

Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics Faculty Publications

The link between EBV infection and Burkitt lymphoma (BL) is strong, but the mechanism underlying that link has been elusive. We have developed a mouse model for EBV-associated BL in which LMP2A, an EBV latency protein, and MYC are expressed in B cells. Our model has demonstrated the ability of LMP2A to accelerate tumor onset, increase spleen size, and bypass p53 inactivation. Here we describe the results of total gene expression analysis of tumor and pretumor B cells from our transgenic mouse model. Although we see many phenotypic differences and changes in gene expression in pretumor B cells, the transcriptional …

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An Evolutionarily Conserved Rit Gtpase-P38 Mapk Signaling Pathway Mediates Oxidative Stress Resistance, Weikang Cai, Jennifer L. Rudolph, Susan M. W. Harrison, Ling Jin, Aubrey L. Frantz, Douglas A. Harrison, Douglas A. Andres Sep 2011

An Evolutionarily Conserved Rit Gtpase-P38 Mapk Signaling Pathway Mediates Oxidative Stress Resistance, Weikang Cai, Jennifer L. Rudolph, Susan M. W. Harrison, Ling Jin, Aubrey L. Frantz, Douglas A. Harrison, Douglas A. Andres

Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry Faculty Publications

Ras-related small GTP-binding proteins control a wide range of cellular processes by regulating a variety of effector pathways, including prominent roles in the control of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades. Although the regulatory role(s) for many Ras family GTPases are well established, the physiological function for the Rit/Rin subfamily has been lacking. Here, using both knockout mice and Drosophila models, we demonstrate an evolutionarily conserved role for Rit subfamily GTPases (mammalian Rit and Rin, and the Drosophila RIC homologue) in governing survival in response to oxidative stress. Primary embryonic fibroblasts derived from Rit knockout mice display increased apoptosis and selective …

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Mmp9 Cleavage Of The Β4 Integrin Ectodomain Leads To Recurrent Epithelial Erosions In Mice, Sonali Pal-Ghosh, Tomas Blanco, Gauri Tadvalkar, Ahdeah Pajoohesh-Ganji, Arpitha Parthasarathy, James D Zieske, Mary Ann Stepp Aug 2011

Mmp9 Cleavage Of The Β4 Integrin Ectodomain Leads To Recurrent Epithelial Erosions In Mice, Sonali Pal-Ghosh, Tomas Blanco, Gauri Tadvalkar, Ahdeah Pajoohesh-Ganji, Arpitha Parthasarathy, James D Zieske, Mary Ann Stepp

Anatomy and Regenerative Biology Faculty Publications

Integrin α6β4 is an integral membrane protein within hemidesmosomes and it mediates adhesion of epithelial cells to their underlying basement membrane. During wound healing, disassembly of hemidesmosomes must occur for sheet movement-mediated cell migration. The mechanisms of disassembly and reassembly of hemidesmosomes are not fully understood. The current study was initiated to understand the underlying cause of recurrent corneal erosions in the mouse. Here, we show that in vivo: (1) MMP9 levels are elevated and β4 integrin is partially cleaved in epithelial cell extracts derived from debridement wounded corneas; (2) the β4 ectodomain is missing from sites where erosions develop; …

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Sonic Hedgehog Dependent Phosphorylation By Ck1Α And Grk2 Is Required For Ciliary Accumulation And Activation Of Smoothened, Yongbin Chen, Noriaki Sasai, Guoqiang Ma, Tao Yue, Jianhang Jia, James Briscoe, Jin Jiang Jun 2011

Sonic Hedgehog Dependent Phosphorylation By Ck1Α And Grk2 Is Required For Ciliary Accumulation And Activation Of Smoothened, Yongbin Chen, Noriaki Sasai, Guoqiang Ma, Tao Yue, Jianhang Jia, James Briscoe, Jin Jiang

Markey Cancer Center Faculty Publications

Hedgehog (Hh) signaling regulates embryonic development and adult tissue homeostasis through the GPCR-like protein Smoothened (Smo), but how vertebrate Smo is activated remains poorly understood. In Drosophila, Hh dependent phosphorylation activates Smo. Whether this is also the case in vertebrates is unclear, owing to the marked sequence divergence between vertebrate and Drosophila Smo (dSmo) and the involvement of primary cilia in vertebrate Hh signaling. Here we demonstrate that mammalian Smo (mSmo) is activated through multi-site phosphorylation of its carboxyl-terminal tail by CK1α and GRK2. Phosphorylation of mSmo induces its active conformation and simultaneously promotes its ciliary accumulation. We demonstrate that …

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Vacht Knock-Down Mice Show Normal Prepulse Inhibition But Disrupted Long-Term Habituation, S. Schmid, E. Azzopardi, X. De Jaeger, Marco Prado, V. F. Prado Jun 2011

Vacht Knock-Down Mice Show Normal Prepulse Inhibition But Disrupted Long-Term Habituation, S. Schmid, E. Azzopardi, X. De Jaeger, Marco Prado, V. F. Prado

Anatomy and Cell Biology Publications

The neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) plays a crucial role in both the central and peripheral nervous system. Central cholinergic transmission is important for cognitive functions and cholinergic disruptions have been associated with different neural disorders. We here tested the role of cholinergic transmission in basic cognitive functions, i.e. in prepulse inhibition (PPI) and short-term habituation (STH) as well as long-term habituation (LTH) of startle using mice with a 65% knockdown (KD) of the vesicular ACh transporter (VAChT). These mice are slow in refilling cholinergic synaptic transmitter vesicles, leading to a reduced cholinergic tone. Prepulse inhibition has been assumed to be mediated …

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Pcdp1 Is A Central Apparatus Protein That Binds Ca2+-Calmodulin And Regulates Ciliary Motility, Christen G. Dipetrillo, Elizabeth F. Smith Apr 2010

Pcdp1 Is A Central Apparatus Protein That Binds Ca2+-Calmodulin And Regulates Ciliary Motility, Christen G. Dipetrillo, Elizabeth F. Smith

Dartmouth Scholarship

For all motile eukaryotic cilia and flagella, beating is regulated by changes in intraciliary calcium concentration. Although the mechanism for calcium regulation is not understood, numerous studies have shown that calmodulin (CaM) is a key axonemal calcium sensor. Using anti-CaM antibodies and Chlamydomonas reinhardtii axonemal extracts, we precipitated a complex that includes four polypeptides and that specifically interacts with CaM in high [Ca2+]. One of the complex members, FAP221, is an orthologue of mammalian Pcdp1 (primary ciliary dyskinesia protein 1). Both FAP221 and mammalian Pcdp1 specifically bind CaM in high [Ca2+]. Reduced expression of Pcdp1 complex …

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Neuropilin 1 Directly Interacts With Fer Kinase To Mediate Semaphorin3a-Induced Death Of Cortical Neurons, Susan X. Jiang, Shawn N. Whitehead, Amy Aylsworth, Bogdan Zurakowski, Kenneth Chan, Jianjun Li, Sheng T. Hou Mar 2010

Neuropilin 1 Directly Interacts With Fer Kinase To Mediate Semaphorin3a-Induced Death Of Cortical Neurons, Susan X. Jiang, Shawn N. Whitehead, Amy Aylsworth, Bogdan Zurakowski, Kenneth Chan, Jianjun Li, Sheng T. Hou

Anatomy and Cell Biology Publications

Neuropilins (NRPs) are receptors for the major chemorepulsive axonal guidance cue semaphorins (Sema). The interaction of Sema3A/NRP1 during development leads to the collapse of growth cones. Here we show that Sema3A also induces death of cultured cortical neurons through NRP1. A specific NRP1 inhibitory peptide ameliorated Sema3A-evoked cortical axonal retraction and neuronal death. Moreover, Sema3A was also involved in cerebral ischemia-induced neuronal death. Expression levels of Sema3A and NRP1, but not NRP2, were significantly increased early during brain reperfusion following transient focal cerebral ischemia. NRP1 inhibitory peptide delivered to the ischemic brain was potently neuroprotective and prevented the loss of …

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Decreased Replication Origin Activity In Temporal Transition Regions, Zeqiang Guan, Christina M. Hughes, Settapong Kosiyatrakul, Paolo Norio, Ranjan Sen, Steven Fiering Nov 2009

Decreased Replication Origin Activity In Temporal Transition Regions, Zeqiang Guan, Christina M. Hughes, Settapong Kosiyatrakul, Paolo Norio, Ranjan Sen, Steven Fiering

Dartmouth Scholarship

In the mammalian genome, early- and late-replicating domains are often separated by temporal transition regions (TTRs) with novel properties and unknown functions. We identified a TTR in the mouse immunoglobulin heavy chain (Igh) locus, which contains replication origins that are silent in embryonic stem cells but activated during B cell development. To investigate which factors contribute to origin activation during B cell development, we systematically modified the genetic and epigenetic status of the endogenous Igh TTR and used a single-molecule approach to analyze DNA replication. Introduction of a transcription unit into the Igh TTR, activation of gene transcription, …

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Mtorc1 Hyperactivity Inhibits Serum Deprivation-Induced Apoptosis Via Increased Hexokinase Ii And Glut1 Expression, Sustained Mcl-1 Expression, And Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3Β Inhibition, Prashanth T. Bhaskar, Veronique Nogueira, Krushna C. Patra, Sang-Min Jeon, Youngkyu Park, R. Brooks Robey, Nissim Hay Sep 2009

Mtorc1 Hyperactivity Inhibits Serum Deprivation-Induced Apoptosis Via Increased Hexokinase Ii And Glut1 Expression, Sustained Mcl-1 Expression, And Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3Β Inhibition, Prashanth T. Bhaskar, Veronique Nogueira, Krushna C. Patra, Sang-Min Jeon, Youngkyu Park, R. Brooks Robey, Nissim Hay

Dartmouth Scholarship

The current concept is that Tsc-deficient cells are sensitized to apoptosis due to the inhibition of Akt activity by the negative feedback mechanism induced by the hyperactive mTORC1. Unexpectedly, however, we found that Tsc1/2-deficient cells exhibit increased resistance to serum deprivation-induced apoptosis. mTORC1 hyperactivity contributes to the apoptotic resistance of serum-deprived Tsc1/2-deficient cells in part by increasing the growth factor-independent expression of hexokinase II (HKII) and GLUT1. mTORC1-mediated increase in hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF1α) abundance, which occurs in the absence of serum in normoxic Tsc2-deficient cells, contributes to these changes. Increased HIF1α abundance in these cells is attributed to both …

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The Zebrafish As A Model Of Ventricular And Arterial Pole Malformations, Adrian Colin Grimes Jan 2007

The Zebrafish As A Model Of Ventricular And Arterial Pole Malformations, Adrian Colin Grimes

MUSC Theses and Dissertations

The zebrafish is becoming an almost ubiquitously accepted model for the study of comparative developmental biology, its utility coming to rival that of the fruitfly, frog, chick and mouse. Unfortunately, however, it is widely held belief that the zebrafish cardiac outflow tract makes it unusual as a model of comparative cardiogenesis and this is based, in part, on the report that bulbus arteriosus undergoes a developmental myocardium-to-smooth muscle phenotypic transition. This would imply that the zebrafish may be poorly suited to the study of human cardiac outflow abnormalities. While the use of chamber-specific molecular markers has allowed extensive characterization of …

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The Allantois And Chorion, When Isolated Before Circulation Or Chorio-Allantoic Fusion, Have Hematopoietic Potential, Brandon M. Zeigler, Daisuke Sugiyama, Michael Chen, Yalin Guo, K. M. Downs, N. A. Speck Nov 2006

The Allantois And Chorion, When Isolated Before Circulation Or Chorio-Allantoic Fusion, Have Hematopoietic Potential, Brandon M. Zeigler, Daisuke Sugiyama, Michael Chen, Yalin Guo, K. M. Downs, N. A. Speck

Dartmouth Scholarship

The chorio-allantoic placenta forms through the fusion of the allantois (progenitor tissue of the umbilical cord), with the chorionic plate. The murine placenta contains high levels of hematopoietic stem cells, and is therefore a stem cell niche. However, it is not known whether the placenta is a site of hematopoietic cell emergence, or whether hematopoietic cells originate from other sites in the conceptus and then colonize the placenta. Here, we show that the allantois and chorion, isolated prior to the establishment of circulation, have the potential to give rise to myeloid and definitive erythroid cells following explant culture. We further …

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Bcma Is Essential For The Survival Of Long-Lived Bone Marrow Plasma Cells, Brian P. O'Connor, Vanitha S. Raman, Loren D. Erickson, W. James Cook, Lehn K. Weaver, Cory Ahonen, Ling-Li Lin, George Mantchev, Richard J. Bram, Randolph J. Noelle Jan 2004

Bcma Is Essential For The Survival Of Long-Lived Bone Marrow Plasma Cells, Brian P. O'Connor, Vanitha S. Raman, Loren D. Erickson, W. James Cook, Lehn K. Weaver, Cory Ahonen, Ling-Li Lin, George Mantchev, Richard J. Bram, Randolph J. Noelle

Dartmouth Scholarship

Long-lived humoral immunity is manifested by the ability of bone marrow plasma cells (PCs) to survive for extended periods of time. Recent studies have underscored the importance of BLyS and APRIL as factors that can support the survival of B lineage lymphocytes. We show that BLyS can sustain PC survival in vitro, and this survival can be further enhanced by inter- leukin 6. Selective up-regulation of Mcl-1 in PCs by BLyS suggests that this 􏰀-apoptotic gene product may play an important role in PC survival. Blockade of BLyS, via transmembrane activator and cyclophilin ligand interactor–immunoglobulin treatment, inhibited PC survival in …

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Fertilization And Mouse Embryo Development In The Presence Of Midazolam, Maria Leavitt Apr 1991

Fertilization And Mouse Embryo Development In The Presence Of Midazolam, Maria Leavitt

Biological Sciences Theses & Dissertations

The development of mouse embryos in vitro has provided a unique opportunity for the study of cellular differentiation and the influence of various agents on differentiation. Midazolam is administered for conscious sedation in the recovery of human ova. In the Norfolk IVF Program, midazolam is found in varying concentrations in follicular fluid. Mouse embryo formation and development has been used to test midazolam's effect on fertilization and early development as a model of human in vitro fertilization and development. Midazolam' s effects were studied using varying doses of midazolam on (1) in vivo fertilization and subsequent cell division, and (2) …

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Effects Of Chemical Aneuploidogens On Taxol Purified Drosophila And Mouse Brain Microtubules Polymerization And Depolymerization In Vitro, Anil Sehgal Jul 1990

Effects Of Chemical Aneuploidogens On Taxol Purified Drosophila And Mouse Brain Microtubules Polymerization And Depolymerization In Vitro, Anil Sehgal

Biological Sciences Theses & Dissertations

The effects of aneuploidogens (aneuploidy causing agents) on taxol-purified microtubules from Drosophila and mouse brain in vitro were studied by using a spectrophotometric assay and electron microscopy. Colchicine, acetonitrile, propionitrile, acrylonitrile, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), griseofulvin and cadmium chloride inhibited microtubule polymerization whereas methoxyethyl acetate (MEA) and methyl mercuric chloride (MMC) did not. All aneuploidogens tested (at 50mM) resulted in reduced rate of elongation of mouse brain microtubules. MMC, cadmium chloride and DMSO resulted in increased rates of Drosophila microtubule elongation whereas the rest of the drugs resulted in decreases. The in vitro results from Drosophila correlate well with the previously …

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The Homeo Domain Of A Murine Protein Binds 5' To Its Own Homeo Box., Abraham Fainsod, Leonard D. Bogarad, Tarmo Ruusala, Martin Lubin Dec 1986

The Homeo Domain Of A Murine Protein Binds 5' To Its Own Homeo Box., Abraham Fainsod, Leonard D. Bogarad, Tarmo Ruusala, Martin Lubin

Dartmouth Scholarship

Nuclear protein extracts from day 12.5 mouse embryos were used to study protein binding to DNA sequences 5' of the Hox 1.5 homeo box. Embryos of this developmental stage are known to express this gene. DNA binding protein blotting and retardation gel techniques show that murine embryonic nuclear proteins specifically bind a 753-base pair (bp) DNA fragment from the region upstream of the Hox 1.5 homeo box. A fusion protein containing the Hox 1.5 homeo domain constructed in lambda gt11 also binds the same 753-bp DNA fragment. Specific binding of the fusion protein to the upstream DNA fragment shows that …

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Monoclonal Antibodies To Novel Myeloid Antigens Reveal Human Neutrophil Heterogeneity., Edward D. Ball, Robert F. Graziano, Li Shen, Michael W. Fanger Sep 1982

Monoclonal Antibodies To Novel Myeloid Antigens Reveal Human Neutrophil Heterogeneity., Edward D. Ball, Robert F. Graziano, Li Shen, Michael W. Fanger

Dartmouth Scholarship

Three cytotoxic murine monoclonal antibodies that recognize myeloid-specific antigens have been produced by immunization with normal human neutrophils or myeloblasts from a patient with acute myelomonocytic leukemia. Two of these, PMN 6 and PMN 29, are specific for neutrophils; the third monoclonal antibody, AML-2-23, is reactive with the majority of normal monocytes as well as a subpopulation of mature neutrophils. Although neutrophils from all individuals tested expressed these antigens, cytofluorographic analysis revealed that the percentage of cells bearing the PMN 6 and AML-2-23 antigens varied among individuals. Significant additional heterogeneity in the density of each antigen among antigen-bearing cells was …

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