Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
Cell and Developmental Biology Commons™
Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
- Discipline
-
- Cell Biology (14)
- Medicine and Health Sciences (13)
- Biology (9)
- Cancer Biology (6)
- Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Structural Biology (5)
-
- Engineering (5)
- Genetics (5)
- Genetics and Genomics (5)
- Anatomy (4)
- Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering (4)
- Cells (4)
- Biochemistry (3)
- Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences (3)
- Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins (2)
- Chemicals and Drugs (2)
- Medical Sciences (2)
- Medical Specialties (2)
- Other Cell and Developmental Biology (2)
- Animals (1)
- Art and Design (1)
- Arts and Humanities (1)
- Bacteria (1)
- Bioelectrical and Neuroengineering (1)
- Biological Phenomena, Cell Phenomena, and Immunity (1)
- Biomedical (1)
- Biophysics (1)
- Biotechnology (1)
- Computational Biology (1)
- Institution
-
- Old Dominion University (6)
- Dartmouth College (5)
- City University of New York (CUNY) (3)
- University at Albany, State University of New York (2)
- University of Kentucky (2)
-
- University of New Mexico (2)
- California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo (1)
- Chapman University (1)
- Murray State University (1)
- Northern Michigan University (1)
- Selected Works (1)
- The University of Maine (1)
- Union College (1)
- University of Rhode Island (1)
- University of Wisconsin Milwaukee (1)
- Publication Year
- Publication
-
- Dartmouth Scholarship (5)
- Bioelectrics Publications (3)
- Publications and Research (3)
- Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024) (2)
- Pharmaceutical Sciences ETDs (2)
-
- Biological Sciences Faculty Publications (1)
- Biological Sciences Theses & Dissertations (1)
- Biology Faculty Publications (1)
- Electrical & Computer Engineering Faculty Publications (1)
- Electronic Theses and Dissertations (1)
- Helen O'Neill (1)
- Honors Theses (1)
- Journal Articles (1)
- Markey Cancer Center Faculty Publications (1)
- Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research (1)
- STAR Program Research Presentations (1)
- Senior Honors Projects (1)
- Steeplechase: An ORCA Student Journal (1)
- Theses and Dissertations (1)
- Publication Type
- File Type
Articles 1 - 29 of 29
Full-Text Articles in Cell and Developmental Biology
Identification Of Proteins Involved In Cell Membrane Permeabilization By Nanosecond Electric Pulses (Nsep), Giedre Silkuniene, Uma Mangalanathan, Alessandra Rossi, Peter A. Mollica, Andrei G. Pakhomov, Olga N. Pakhomova
Identification Of Proteins Involved In Cell Membrane Permeabilization By Nanosecond Electric Pulses (Nsep), Giedre Silkuniene, Uma Mangalanathan, Alessandra Rossi, Peter A. Mollica, Andrei G. Pakhomov, Olga N. Pakhomova
Bioelectrics Publications
The study was aimed at identifying endogenous proteins which assist or impede the permeabilized state in the cell membrane disrupted by nsEP (20 or 40 pulses, 300 ns width, 7 kV/cm). We employed a LentiArray CRISPR library to generate knockouts (KOs) of 316 genes encoding for membrane proteins in U937 human monocytes stably expressing Cas9 nuclease. The extent of membrane permeabilization by nsEP was measured by the uptake of Yo-Pro-1 (YP) dye and compared to sham-exposed KOs and control cells transduced with a non-targeting (scrambled) gRNA. Only two KOs, for SCNN1A and CLCA1 genes, showed a statistically significant reduction in …
Alkaline Plasma-Activated Water (Paw) As An Innovative Therapeutic Avenue For Cancer Treatment, Bolun Pang, Zhijie Liu, Sitao Wang, Yuting Gao, Miao Qi, Dehui Xu, Renwu Zhou, Dingxin Liu, Michael G. Kong
Alkaline Plasma-Activated Water (Paw) As An Innovative Therapeutic Avenue For Cancer Treatment, Bolun Pang, Zhijie Liu, Sitao Wang, Yuting Gao, Miao Qi, Dehui Xu, Renwu Zhou, Dingxin Liu, Michael G. Kong
Bioelectrics Publications
Plasma-activated water (PAW) is considered to be an effective anticancer agent due to the diverse aqueous reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS: ROS and RNS), but the drawback of low dose and short duration of RONS in acidified PAW limits their clinical application. Herein, this Letter presents an innovative therapeutic avenue for cancer treatment with highly-effective alkaline PAW prepared by air surface plasma. This anticancer alkaline formulation is comprised of a rich mixture of highly chemical RONS and exhibited a prolonged half-life compared to acidified PAW. The H2O2, NO2-, and ONOO-/O2 …
Study Of Primary Cilium Structure And Intraflagellar Transport, Shufeng Sun
Study Of Primary Cilium Structure And Intraflagellar Transport, Shufeng Sun
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Primary cilia are hair-like protrusions that stem from the basal bodies in the cytoplasm and extend into the extracellular space to sense signals. Intraflagellar transport (IFT) functions to transport cargo molecules into and out of the ciliary compartment to assemble, maintain, and disassemble the cilia. Accurate knowledge of the three-dimensional (3D) structure of primary cilia and precise details of the IFT profile is the foundation for understanding the sensory functions of primary cilia. This work covers three aspects of primary cilia. Firstly, we obtained and analyzed the overall 3D architecture of the complete primary cilia axoneme region using serial section …
The Resistive Barrier Discharge: A Brief Review Of The Device And Its Biomedical Applications, Mounir Laroussi
The Resistive Barrier Discharge: A Brief Review Of The Device And Its Biomedical Applications, Mounir Laroussi
Electrical & Computer Engineering Faculty Publications
This paper reviews the principles behind the design and operation of the resistive barrier discharge, a low temperature plasma source that operates at atmospheric pressure. One of the advantages of this plasma source is that it can be operated using either DC or AC high voltages. Plasma generated by the resistive barrier discharge has been used to efficiently inactivate pathogenic microorganisms and to destroy cancer cells. These biomedical applications of low temperature plasma are of great interest because in recent times bacteria developed increased resistance to antibiotics and because present cancer therapies often are accompanied by serious side effects. Low …
Self And Microbiota-Derived Epitopes Induce Cd4⁺ T Cell Anergy And Conversion Into Cd4⁺Foxp3⁺ Regulatory Cells, Michal P. Kuczma, Edyta A. Szurek, Anna Cebula, Vu L. Ngo, Maciej Pietrzak, Piotr Kraj, Timothy L. Denning, Leszek Ignatowicz
Self And Microbiota-Derived Epitopes Induce Cd4⁺ T Cell Anergy And Conversion Into Cd4⁺Foxp3⁺ Regulatory Cells, Michal P. Kuczma, Edyta A. Szurek, Anna Cebula, Vu L. Ngo, Maciej Pietrzak, Piotr Kraj, Timothy L. Denning, Leszek Ignatowicz
Biological Sciences Faculty Publications
The physiological role of T cell anergy induction as a key mechanism supporting self-tolerance remains undefined, and natural antigens that induce anergy are largely unknown. In this report, we used TCR sequencing to show that the recruitment of CD4+CD44+Foxp3−CD73+FR4+ anergic (Tan) cells expands the CD4+Foxp3+ (Tregs) repertoire. Next, we report that blockade in peripherally-induced Tregs (pTregs) formation due to mutation in CNS1 region of Foxp3 or chronic exposure to a selecting self-peptide result in an accumulation of Tan cells. Finally, we show that microbial antigens from Akkermansia muciniphila …
The Candida Albicans Stress Response Gene Stomatin-Like Protein 3 Is Implicated In Ros-Induced Apoptotic-Like Death Of Yeast Phase Cells, Karen A. Conrad, Ronald Rodriguez, Eugenia C. Salcedo, Jason M. Rauceo
The Candida Albicans Stress Response Gene Stomatin-Like Protein 3 Is Implicated In Ros-Induced Apoptotic-Like Death Of Yeast Phase Cells, Karen A. Conrad, Ronald Rodriguez, Eugenia C. Salcedo, Jason M. Rauceo
Publications and Research
The ubiquitous presence of SPFH (Stomatin, Prohibitin, Flotillin, HflK/HflC) proteins in all domains of life suggests that their function would be conserved. However, SPFH functions are diverse with organism-specific attributes. SPFH proteins play critical roles in physiological processes such as mechanosensation and respiration. Here, we characterize the stomatin ORF19.7296/SLP3 in the opportunistic human pathogen Candida albicans. Consistent with the localization of stomatin proteins, a Slp3p-Yfp fusion protein formed visible puncta along the plasma membrane. We also visualized Slp3p within the vacuolar lumen. Slp3p primary sequence analyses identified four putative S-palmitoylation sites, which may facilitate membrane localization and are conserved features …
Inhibition Of Apoptosis Exacerbates Fatigue-Damage Tendon Injuries In An In Vivo Rat Model, R. Bell, M. A. Robles-Harris, M. Anderson, D. Laudier, M. B. Schaffler, E. L. Flatow, N. Andarawis-Puri
Inhibition Of Apoptosis Exacerbates Fatigue-Damage Tendon Injuries In An In Vivo Rat Model, R. Bell, M. A. Robles-Harris, M. Anderson, D. Laudier, M. B. Schaffler, E. L. Flatow, N. Andarawis-Puri
Publications and Research
Tendinopathy is a common and progressive musculoskeletal disease. Increased apoptosis is an end-stage tendinopathy manifestation, but its contribution to the pathology of the disease is unknown. A previously established in vivo model of fatigue-damage accumulation shows that increased apoptosis is correlated with the severity of induced tendon damage, even in early onset of the disease, supporting its implication in the pathogenesis of the disease. Consequently, this study aimed to determine: (1) whether apoptosis could be inhibited after fatigue damage and (2) whether its inhibition could lead to remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and pericellular matrix (PCM), to ultimately improve …
About Logan Weihe And Beloved Microcosm, Logan M. Weihe
About Logan Weihe And Beloved Microcosm, Logan M. Weihe
Steeplechase: An ORCA Student Journal
No abstract provided.
Ion Channel Signaling Influences Cellular Proliferation And Phagocyte Activity During Axolotl Tail Regeneration, Brandon M. Franklin, S. Randal Voss, Jeffrey L. Osborn
Ion Channel Signaling Influences Cellular Proliferation And Phagocyte Activity During Axolotl Tail Regeneration, Brandon M. Franklin, S. Randal Voss, Jeffrey L. Osborn
Biology Faculty Publications
Little is known about the potential for ion channels to regulate cellular behaviors during tissue regeneration. Here, we utilized an amphibian tail regeneration assay coupled with a chemical genetic screen to identify ion channel antagonists that altered critical cellular processes during regeneration. Inhibition of multiple ion channels either partially (anoctamin1/Tmem16a, anoctamin2/Tmem16b, KV2.1, KV2.2, L-type CaV channels and H/K ATPases) or completely (GlyR, GABAAR, KV1.5 and SERCA pumps) inhibited tail regeneration. Partial inhibition of tail regeneration by blocking the calcium activated chloride channels, anoctamin1&2, was associated with a reduction of cellular proliferation in …
Optimization Of A Genomic Editing System Using Crispr/Cas9-Induced Site-Specific Gene Integration, Jillian L. Mccool Ms., Nick Hum, Gabriela G. Loots
Optimization Of A Genomic Editing System Using Crispr/Cas9-Induced Site-Specific Gene Integration, Jillian L. Mccool Ms., Nick Hum, Gabriela G. Loots
STAR Program Research Presentations
The CRISPR-Cas system is an adaptive immune system found in bacteria which helps protect against the invasion of other microorganisms. This system induces double stranded breaks at precise genomic loci (1) in which repairs are initiated and insertions of a target are completed in the process. This mechanism can be used in eukaryotic cells in combination with sgRNAs (1) as a tool for genome editing. By using this CRISPR-Cas system, in addition to the “safe harbor locus,” ROSAβ26, the incorporation of a target gene into a site that is not susceptible to gene silencing effects can be achieved through few …
Identification Of Potential Drug Targets In Cancer Signaling Pathways Using Stochastic Logical Models, Peican Zhu, Hamidreza Montazeri Aliabadi, Hasan Uludag, Jie Han
Identification Of Potential Drug Targets In Cancer Signaling Pathways Using Stochastic Logical Models, Peican Zhu, Hamidreza Montazeri Aliabadi, Hasan Uludag, Jie Han
Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research
The investigation of vulnerable components in a signaling pathway can contribute to development of drug therapy addressing aberrations in that pathway. Here, an original signaling pathway is derived from the published literature on breast cancer models. New stochastic logical models are then developed to analyze the vulnerability of the components in multiple signalling sub-pathways involved in this signaling cascade. The computational results are consistent with the experimental results, where the selected proteins were silenced using specific siRNAs and the viability of the cells were analyzed 72 hours after silencing. The genes elF4E and NFkB are found to have nearly no …
The Adp-Ribose Polymerase Tankyrase Regulates Adult Intestinal Stem Cell Proliferation During Homeostasis In Drosophila, Zhenghan Wang, Ai Tian, Hassina Benchabane, Ofelia Tacchelly-Benites, Eungi Yang, Hisashi Nojima, Yashi Ahmed
The Adp-Ribose Polymerase Tankyrase Regulates Adult Intestinal Stem Cell Proliferation During Homeostasis In Drosophila, Zhenghan Wang, Ai Tian, Hassina Benchabane, Ofelia Tacchelly-Benites, Eungi Yang, Hisashi Nojima, Yashi Ahmed
Dartmouth Scholarship
Wnt/β-catenin signaling controls intestinal stem cell (ISC) proliferation, and is aberrantly activated in colorectal cancer. Inhibitors of the ADP-ribose polymerase Tankyrase (Tnks) have become lead therapeutic candidates for Wnt-driven cancers, following the recent discovery that Tnks targets Axin, a negative regulator of Wnt signaling, for proteolysis. Initial reports indicated that Tnks is important for Wnt pathway activation in cultured human cell lines. However, the requirement for Tnks in physiological settings has been less clear, as subsequent studies in mice, fish and flies suggested that Tnks was either entirely dispensable for Wnt-dependent processes in vivo, or alternatively, had tissue-specific roles. Here, …
Use Of Photobiomodulation In Osteoclast Formation: Possible Intervention For The Treatment Of Osteoporosis, Lisa Lauren Anderson-Antle
Use Of Photobiomodulation In Osteoclast Formation: Possible Intervention For The Treatment Of Osteoporosis, Lisa Lauren Anderson-Antle
Theses and Dissertations
After critically examining the literature to gain a robust understanding for the pathogenesis of bone loss, specifically osteoporosis, the development of a possible new intervention to prevent or treat osteoporosis was explored. The purpose of this dissertation was to pilot test a new protocol designed to answer the broad research question: Does Near-Infrared Light Emitting Diode (NIR-LED) treatment affect Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor Kappa-B Ligand (RANKL) induced osteoclastogenesis in a cell culture model?
Osteoporosis is defined as a disease characterized by low bone mass and structural deterioration of bone tissue, leading to bone fragility and an increased susceptibility to …
Developmental Cis-Regulatory Analysis Of The Cyclin D Gene In The Sea Urchin Strongylocentrotus Purpuratus, Christopher Michael Mccarty
Developmental Cis-Regulatory Analysis Of The Cyclin D Gene In The Sea Urchin Strongylocentrotus Purpuratus, Christopher Michael Mccarty
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Proper execution of animal development requires that it be integrated with cell division. In part, this is made possible due to cell cycle regulatory genes becoming dependent upon developmental signaling pathways that regulate their transcription. Cyclin D genes are important bridges linking the regulation of the cell cycle to development because these genes regulate the cell cycle, growth and differentiation in response to intercellular signaling. In this dissertation, a cis-regulatory analysis of a cyclin D gene, Sp-CycD, in the sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus purpuratus, is presented. While the promoters of vertebrate cyclin D genes have been analyzed, the cis-regulatory sequences across …
Case Study: From Gummy Bears To Celery Stalks: Diffusion And Osmosis, Kevin M. Bonney
Case Study: From Gummy Bears To Celery Stalks: Diffusion And Osmosis, Kevin M. Bonney
Publications and Research
The article describes a case study which interperses information on diffusion and osmosis with content review and knowledge application questions, as well as simple experiment that can be conducted without the use of a laboratory. Topics discussed include biological membranes, the use of gummy bears to demonstrate osmosis and osmosis in animal cells. Also mentioned is osmosis in plants. It notes that the case study was developed for use in an introductory undergraduate biology course.
Mechanisms Of Age-Related Inflammation And Cancer : The Synergistic Effect Of Oxidants And Calcium, Donald A. Mccarthy
Mechanisms Of Age-Related Inflammation And Cancer : The Synergistic Effect Of Oxidants And Calcium, Donald A. Mccarthy
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
The accumulation of senescent cells during the process of aging has been implicated as causal in numerous age-related pathologies. Senescent cells adopt a secretory phenotype consisting of many factors including matrix remodeling enzymes, growth factors, cytokines, and chemokines. Their secretory nature is the primary reason that they are associated with disease, but it remains unclear why they become so inflammatory. Using primary human fibroblasts cultured to senescence, we mechanistically determined why senescent cells are such potent inducers of inflammation. Our findings indicate that the early production of the cytokine Interleukin 1-α (IL-1α) is central to this transition. We found that …
Quantification Of Protoporphyrin Ix Accumulation In Glioblastoma Cells – A New Technique, John E Lawrence
Quantification Of Protoporphyrin Ix Accumulation In Glioblastoma Cells – A New Technique, John E Lawrence
Journal Articles
5-Aminolevulinic Acid (5-ALA) is a precursor of heme synthesis. A metabolite, protoporphyrin IX (PpIX), selectively accumulates in neoplastic tissue including glioblastoma. Presurgical administration of 5-ALA forms the basis of fluorescence-guided resection (FGR) of glioblastoma (GBM) tumors. However, not all gliomas accumulate sufficient quantities of PpIX to fluoresce, thus limiting the utility of FGR. We therefore developed an assay to determine cellular and pharmacological factors that impact PpIX fluorescence in GBM. This assay takes advantage of a GBM cell line engineered to express yellow fluorescent protein. Methods. The human GBM cell line U87MG was transfected with a YFP expression vector. After …
Elucidating The Role Of Apoptosis During Cyclical Body Regeneration In Botryllus Schlosseri, Meredith Adamo
Elucidating The Role Of Apoptosis During Cyclical Body Regeneration In Botryllus Schlosseri, Meredith Adamo
Honors Theses
Apoptosis is the principal form of programmed cell death by which multicellular animals rid themselves of old cells in order to allow new cells to grow. The colonial ascidian Botryllus schlosseri is a model system for homeostatic cell death and regeneration. During its unique, weekly budding cycle known as blastogenesis, new buds are produced asexually and eventually replace the old adult zooid generation through resorption via circulating phagocytes. Using polyester wax-embedded tissue sections, we have shown that TUNEL-positive (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase nick end-labeling), apoptotic cells are observed within circulating phagocytes in all stages of the colony’s death phase (takeover), including …
Blt1 And Mid1 Provide Overlapping Membrane Anchors To Position The Division Plane In Fission Yeast, Merce Guzman-Vendrell, Suzanne Baldissard, Maria Almonacid, Adeline Mayeux, Anne Paoletti, James B. Moseley
Blt1 And Mid1 Provide Overlapping Membrane Anchors To Position The Division Plane In Fission Yeast, Merce Guzman-Vendrell, Suzanne Baldissard, Maria Almonacid, Adeline Mayeux, Anne Paoletti, James B. Moseley
Dartmouth Scholarship
Spatial control of cytokinesis is essential for proper cell division. The molecular mechanisms that anchor the dynamic assembly and constriction of the cytokinetic ring at the plasma membrane remain unclear. In the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, the cytokinetic ring is assembled in the cell middle from cortical node precursors that are positioned by the anillin-like protein Mid1. During mitotic entry, cortical nodes mature and then compact into a contractile ring positioned in the cell middle. The molecular link between Mid1 and medial cortical nodes remains poorly defined. Here we show that Blt1, a previously enig- matic cortical node protein, promotes …
Sonic Hedgehog Dependent Phosphorylation By Ck1Α And Grk2 Is Required For Ciliary Accumulation And Activation Of Smoothened, Yongbin Chen, Noriaki Sasai, Guoqiang Ma, Tao Yue, Jianhang Jia, James Briscoe, Jin Jiang
Sonic Hedgehog Dependent Phosphorylation By Ck1Α And Grk2 Is Required For Ciliary Accumulation And Activation Of Smoothened, Yongbin Chen, Noriaki Sasai, Guoqiang Ma, Tao Yue, Jianhang Jia, James Briscoe, Jin Jiang
Markey Cancer Center Faculty Publications
Hedgehog (Hh) signaling regulates embryonic development and adult tissue homeostasis through the GPCR-like protein Smoothened (Smo), but how vertebrate Smo is activated remains poorly understood. In Drosophila, Hh dependent phosphorylation activates Smo. Whether this is also the case in vertebrates is unclear, owing to the marked sequence divergence between vertebrate and Drosophila Smo (dSmo) and the involvement of primary cilia in vertebrate Hh signaling. Here we demonstrate that mammalian Smo (mSmo) is activated through multi-site phosphorylation of its carboxyl-terminal tail by CK1α and GRK2. Phosphorylation of mSmo induces its active conformation and simultaneously promotes its ciliary accumulation. We demonstrate that …
Characterization Of The Interaction Between The Fanconi Anemia (Fa) D2 Protein And Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen (Pcna), Carolyn Schmiedel
Characterization Of The Interaction Between The Fanconi Anemia (Fa) D2 Protein And Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen (Pcna), Carolyn Schmiedel
Senior Honors Projects
No abstract provided.
Bioelectric Effects Of Intense Nanosecond Pulses, Karl H. Schoenbach, Barbara Y. Hargrave, Ravindra P. Joshi, Juergen F. Kolb, Richard Nuccitelli, Christopher J. Osgood, Andrei G. Pakhomov, Michael W. Stacey, James R. Swanson, Jody A. White, Shu Xiao, Jue Zhang, Stephen J. Beebe, Peter F. Blackmore, E. Stephen Buescher
Bioelectric Effects Of Intense Nanosecond Pulses, Karl H. Schoenbach, Barbara Y. Hargrave, Ravindra P. Joshi, Juergen F. Kolb, Richard Nuccitelli, Christopher J. Osgood, Andrei G. Pakhomov, Michael W. Stacey, James R. Swanson, Jody A. White, Shu Xiao, Jue Zhang, Stephen J. Beebe, Peter F. Blackmore, E. Stephen Buescher
Bioelectrics Publications
Electrical models for biological cells predict that reducing the duration of applied electrical pulses to values below the charging time of the outer cell membrane (which is on the order of 100 ns for mammalian cells) causes a strong increase in the probability of electric field interactions with intracellular structures due to displacement currents. For electric field amplitudes exceeding MV/m, such pulses are also expected to allow access to the cell interior through conduction currents flowing through the permeabilized plasma membrane. In both cases, limiting the duration of the electrical pulses to nanoseconds ensures only nonthermal interactions of the electric …
Use Of Gene Profiling To Describe A Niche For Dendritic Cell Development, Geneviève Despars, Terence O'Neill, Helen O'Neill
Use Of Gene Profiling To Describe A Niche For Dendritic Cell Development, Geneviève Despars, Terence O'Neill, Helen O'Neill
Helen O'Neill
Gene profiling provides a multitude of data on individual gene expression. The view is expressed here that unreplicated data can be used in a descriptive way to compare cell populations in terms of their lineage characteristics and function. In these studies, the aim is to provide a snapshot of gene expression or its absence as a reflection of cell lineage or type, rather than gain a reliable expression measure for all genes expressed. The data set used in this analysis represents gene expression in the splenic stroma STX3 supportive of dendritic cell hematopoiesis and the lymph node stroma 2RL22, which …
The Allantois And Chorion, When Isolated Before Circulation Or Chorio-Allantoic Fusion, Have Hematopoietic Potential, Brandon M. Zeigler, Daisuke Sugiyama, Michael Chen, Yalin Guo, K. M. Downs, N. A. Speck
The Allantois And Chorion, When Isolated Before Circulation Or Chorio-Allantoic Fusion, Have Hematopoietic Potential, Brandon M. Zeigler, Daisuke Sugiyama, Michael Chen, Yalin Guo, K. M. Downs, N. A. Speck
Dartmouth Scholarship
The chorio-allantoic placenta forms through the fusion of the allantois (progenitor tissue of the umbilical cord), with the chorionic plate. The murine placenta contains high levels of hematopoietic stem cells, and is therefore a stem cell niche. However, it is not known whether the placenta is a site of hematopoietic cell emergence, or whether hematopoietic cells originate from other sites in the conceptus and then colonize the placenta. Here, we show that the allantois and chorion, isolated prior to the establishment of circulation, have the potential to give rise to myeloid and definitive erythroid cells following explant culture. We further …
Minus-End Capture Of Preformed Kinetochore Fibers Contributes To Spindle Morphogenesis, Alexey Khodjakov, Lily Copenagle, Michael B. Gordon, Duane A. Compton, Tarun M. Kapoor
Minus-End Capture Of Preformed Kinetochore Fibers Contributes To Spindle Morphogenesis, Alexey Khodjakov, Lily Copenagle, Michael B. Gordon, Duane A. Compton, Tarun M. Kapoor
Dartmouth Scholarship
Near-simultaneous three-dimensional fluorescence/differential interference contrast microscopy was used to follow the behavior of microtubules and chromosomes in living alpha-tubulin/GFP-expressing cells after inhibition of the mitotic kinesin Eg5 with monastrol. Kinetochore fibers (K-fibers) were frequently observed forming in association with chromosomes both during monastrol treatment and after monastrol removal. Surprisingly, these K-fibers were oriented away from, and not directly connected to, centrosomes and incorporated into the spindle by the sliding of their distal ends toward centrosomes via a NuMA-dependent mechanism. Similar preformed K-fibers were also observed during spindle formation in untreated cells. In addition, upon monastrol removal, centrosomes established a transient …
Alterations In Calcium Homeostasis And The Insulin-Like Growth Factor Signaling Pathway Induced By Carcinogenic Polycyclic And Halogenated Aromatic Hydrocarbons In Human Mammary Epithelial Cells, Stacey L. Tannheimer
Alterations In Calcium Homeostasis And The Insulin-Like Growth Factor Signaling Pathway Induced By Carcinogenic Polycyclic And Halogenated Aromatic Hydrocarbons In Human Mammary Epithelial Cells, Stacey L. Tannheimer
Pharmaceutical Sciences ETDs
Breast cancer is a major health concern for women, with only a small percent of the risk factors currently identified. It has been estimated that environmental factors may contribute to up to 80% of breast cancer cases. Many environmental carcinogens, such as polycyclic and halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs and HAHs), are proven mammary carcinogens in animal models. Therefore, these studies were conducted to elucidate potential roles of PAHs and HAHs in alterations in known signaling pathways in human mammary epithelial cells (HMEC). Carcinogenic PAHs have previously been shown to produce sustained alterations in the calcium (Ca2') homeostasis of lymphocytes Therefore, …
Alterations In Human B Cell Calcium Homeostasis By Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons: Possible Associations With Cytochrome P450 Metabolism And Increased Tyrosine Phosphorylation, Barbara J. Mounho
Pharmaceutical Sciences ETDs
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), are known immunotoxicants in animals, and are suspect toxins to the human immune system. The mechanism(s), however, by which PAHs exert immunosuppression have not been fully elucidated. Previous studies conducted in our laboratory have shown that PAHs, such as 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)- anthracene (DMB A) and benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) may exert their immunotoxic effects by altering intracellular calcium (Ca2+) homeostasis in lymphocytes. Intracellular Ca2+ is an important second messenger in the immune response, and the mobilization of Ca2+ is critical in the transduction of intracellular signals from the plasma membrane to the nucleus. The overall objective of this project …
A Thyroid Hormone-Regulated Gene In Xenopus Laevis Encodes A Type Iii Iodothyronine 5-Deiodinase., Donald L. St Germain, Robert Schwartzman, Walburga Croteau, Akira Kanamori, Zhou Wang, Donald D. Brown, Valerie Galton
A Thyroid Hormone-Regulated Gene In Xenopus Laevis Encodes A Type Iii Iodothyronine 5-Deiodinase., Donald L. St Germain, Robert Schwartzman, Walburga Croteau, Akira Kanamori, Zhou Wang, Donald D. Brown, Valerie Galton
Dartmouth Scholarship
The type III iodothyronine 5-deiodinase metabolizes thyroxine and 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine to inactive metabolites by catalyzing the removal of iodine from the inner ring. The enzyme is expressed in a tissue-specific pattern during particular stages of development in amphibia, birds, and mammals. Recently, a PCR-based subtractive hybridization technique has been used to isolate cDNAs prepared from Xenopus laevis tadpole tail mRNA that represent genes upregulated by thyroid hormone during metamorphosis. Sequence analysis of one of these cDNAs (XL-15) revealed regions of homology to the mRNA encoding the rat type I (outer ring) 5'-deiodinase, including a conserved UGA codon that encodes selenocysteine in …
The Effects Of The Cyclic 3'5'-Monophosphate Of Adenosine And Its Dibutyryl Derivative On The In-Vitro Immunization Of Mouse Spleen Cell Suspensions, James A. Blanks
The Effects Of The Cyclic 3'5'-Monophosphate Of Adenosine And Its Dibutyryl Derivative On The In-Vitro Immunization Of Mouse Spleen Cell Suspensions, James A. Blanks
Biological Sciences Theses & Dissertations
Abstract unavailable.