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Articles 31 - 56 of 56
Full-Text Articles in Cell and Developmental Biology
Effects Of Nutritional Level Of Concentrate‐Based Diets On Meat Quality And Expression Levels Of Genes Related To Meat Quality In Hainan Black Goats, Dingfa Wang, Luli Zhou, Hanlin Zhou, Guanyu Hou, Liguang Shi, Mao Li, Xianzhou Huang, Song Guan
Effects Of Nutritional Level Of Concentrate‐Based Diets On Meat Quality And Expression Levels Of Genes Related To Meat Quality In Hainan Black Goats, Dingfa Wang, Luli Zhou, Hanlin Zhou, Guanyu Hou, Liguang Shi, Mao Li, Xianzhou Huang, Song Guan
Faculty Publications
The present study investigated the effects of the nutritional levels of diets on meat quality and related gene expression in Hainan black goat. Twenty-four goats were divided into six dietary treatments and were fed a concentrate-based diet with two levels of crude protein (CP) (15% or 17%) and three levels of digestive energy (DE) (11.72, 12.55 or 13.39 MJ/kg DM) for 90 days. Goats fed the concentrate-based diet with 17% CP had significantly (P < 0.05) higher average daily gains (ADG) and better feed conversion rates (FCR). The pH 24h value tended to decrease (P < 0.05) with increasing DE levels. The tenderness of Longissimus dorsi muscle (LD) and Semimembranosus muscle (SM) reduced with increasing CP levels (P < 0.05). With increasing DE levels, tenderness was increased (P < 0.05). The heart fatty acid-binding protein (H-FABP) mRNA expression levels in LD and SM increased with increasing DE levels (P < 0.05), but decreased with increasing CP levels (P < 0.05). The calpastatin (CAST) and μ-calpain mRNA expressions levels in LD and SM were affected significantly (P < 0.05) by CP and DE levels in the diet. Therefore, the nutritional levels of diets affect meat quality and expression levels of genes associated with meat quality in Hainan black goats.
A Path To Success? A Review Of Evolution, Development, And The Predictable Genome By David L. Stern, Hope Hollocher, Charles H. Pence, Grant Ramsey, Michelle M. Wirth
A Path To Success? A Review Of Evolution, Development, And The Predictable Genome By David L. Stern, Hope Hollocher, Charles H. Pence, Grant Ramsey, Michelle M. Wirth
Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
Transient Inhibition Of Cell Proliferation Does Not Compromise Self-Renewal Of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells, Ruoxing Wang, Yan-Lin Guo
Transient Inhibition Of Cell Proliferation Does Not Compromise Self-Renewal Of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells, Ruoxing Wang, Yan-Lin Guo
Faculty Publications
Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) have unlimited capacity for self-renewal and can differentiate into various cell types when induced. They also have an unusual cell cycle control mechanism driven by constitutively active cyclin dependent kinases (Cdks). In mouse ESCs (mESCs). It is proposed that the rapid cell proliferation could be a necessary part of mechanisms that maintain mESC self-renewal and pluripotency, but this hypothesis is not in line with the finding in human ESCs (hESCs) that the length of the cell cycle is similar to differentiated cells. Therefore, whether rapid cell proliferation is essential for the maintenance of mESC state remains …
A Novel Allosteric Inhibitor Of Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor (Mif), Fengwei Bai, Oluwatoyin A. Asojo, Pier Cirillo, Mihai Ciustea, Michel Ledzidet, Paul A. Aristoff, Lin Leng, Raymond A. Koski, Thomas J. Powell, Richard Bucala, Karen G. Anthony
A Novel Allosteric Inhibitor Of Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor (Mif), Fengwei Bai, Oluwatoyin A. Asojo, Pier Cirillo, Mihai Ciustea, Michel Ledzidet, Paul A. Aristoff, Lin Leng, Raymond A. Koski, Thomas J. Powell, Richard Bucala, Karen G. Anthony
Faculty Publications
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a catalytic cytokine and an upstream mediator of the inflammatory pathway. MIF has broad regulatory properties, dysregulation of which has been implicated in the pathology of multiple immunological diseases. Inhibition of MIF activity with small molecules has proven beneficial in a number of disease models. Known small molecule MIF inhibitors typically bind in the tautomerase site of the MIF trimer, often covalently modifying the catalytic proline. Allosteric MIF inhibitors, particularly those that associate with the protein by noncovalent interactions, could reveal novel ways to block MIF activity for therapeutic benefit and serve as chemical …
Breast Tumour Initiating Cell Fate Is Regulated By Microenvironmental Cues From An Extracellular Matrix, Sharmistha Saha, Pang-Kuo Lo, Xinrui Duan, Hexin Chen, Qian Wang
Breast Tumour Initiating Cell Fate Is Regulated By Microenvironmental Cues From An Extracellular Matrix, Sharmistha Saha, Pang-Kuo Lo, Xinrui Duan, Hexin Chen, Qian Wang
Faculty Publications
Cancer stem cells, also known as tumour-initiating cells (TICs), are identified as highly tumorigenic population within tumours and hypothesized to be main regulators in tumour growth, metastasis and relapse. Evidence also suggests that a tumour microenvironment plays a critical role in the development and progression of cancer, by constantly modulating cell–matrix interactions. Scientists have tried to characterize and identify the TIC population but the actual combination of extracellular components in deciphering the fate of TICs has not been explored. The basic unanswered question is the phenotypic stability of this TIC population in a tissue extracellular matrix setting. The in vivo …
Mechanism Of Inhibition Of Influenza A Virus M2 Proton Channel, Douglas Randall Bretzing, Victoria Man-Fung Burr
Mechanism Of Inhibition Of Influenza A Virus M2 Proton Channel, Douglas Randall Bretzing, Victoria Man-Fung Burr
Faculty Publications
The influenza A virus integral membrane protein, M2, is a proton-conducting channel. The ability of influenza A virus to unpack its genome, replicate, and infect its host is contingent upon the M2-mediated acidification of the viral interior. The antiviral drugs amantadine and rimantadine were previously effective in blocking proton influx through M2; however, mutations in the proton channel have rendered these drugs ineffective. Multiple models for the inhibiting mechanism of the adamantane drugs have been hypothesized. In an attempt to better understand the mechanism of M2 inhibition, and ultimately to assist in the development of a replacement M2-targeting antiviral drug, …
Predicting Phenotypic Severity Of Uncertain Gene Variants In The Ret Proto-Oncogene, David K. Crockett, Stephen R. Piccolo, Perry G. Ridge, Rebecca L. Margraf, Elaine Lyon, Marc S. Williams, Joyce A. Mitchell
Predicting Phenotypic Severity Of Uncertain Gene Variants In The Ret Proto-Oncogene, David K. Crockett, Stephen R. Piccolo, Perry G. Ridge, Rebecca L. Margraf, Elaine Lyon, Marc S. Williams, Joyce A. Mitchell
Faculty Publications
Although reported gene variants in the RET oncogene have been directly associated with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 and hereditary medullary thyroid carcinoma, other mutations are classified as variants of uncertain significance (VUS) until the associated clinical phenotype is made clear. Currently, some 46 non-synonymous VUS entries exist in curated archives. In the absence of a gold standard method for predicting phenotype outcomes, this follow up study applies feature selected amino acid physical and chemical properties feeding a Bayes classifier to predict disease association of uncertain gene variants into categories of benign and pathogenic. Algorithm performance and VUS predictions were …
Differences In The Mechanism Of Collagen Lattice Contraction By Myofibroblasts And Smooth Muscle Cells, J. C. Dallon, H P. Ehrlich
Differences In The Mechanism Of Collagen Lattice Contraction By Myofibroblasts And Smooth Muscle Cells, J. C. Dallon, H P. Ehrlich
Faculty Publications
Both rat derived vascular smooth muscle cells (SMC) and human myofibroblasts contain $\alpha$ smooth muscle actin (SMA), but they utilize different mechanisms to contract populated collagen lattices (PCLs). The difference is in how the cells generate the force that contracts the lattices. Human dermal fibroblasts transform into myofibroblasts, expressing $\alpha$-SMA within stress fibers, when cultured in lattices that remain attached to the surface of a tissue culture dish. When attached lattices are populated with rat derived vascular SMC, the cells retain their vascular SMC phenotype. Comparing the contraction of attached PCLs when they are released from the culture dish on …
Afm Study Of Structural Changes In Supported Planar Dppc Bilayers Containing General Anesthetic Isofluorane (Plus Additional Afm Experiments), Chad Mckell, Hiram Conley, David D. Busath
Afm Study Of Structural Changes In Supported Planar Dppc Bilayers Containing General Anesthetic Isofluorane (Plus Additional Afm Experiments), Chad Mckell, Hiram Conley, David D. Busath
Faculty Publications
Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is a remarkable tool for assessing the structural properties of supported lipid planar bilayers under different physiological conditions. Previous work has shown that incorporation of anesthetics into artificial lipid bilayers results in domain formation [1], destruction of lipid aggregates and patches [2], anesthetic-lipid mixed micelle formation [2], and the development of interdigitated phases of reduced thickness compared to anesthetic-free bilayers [3]. In particular, these interdigitated phases are suspected to affect the structure and activity of membrane proteins, such as ion channels, and thus further research with proteinembedded bilayers exposed to anesthetics could reveal the mechanism responsible …
Heterologous Expression Studies Of Saccharomyces Cerevisiae Reveal Two Distinct Trypanosomatid Caax Protease Activities And Identify Their Potential Targets, David Z. Mokry, Surya P. Manandhar, Kristen A. Chicola, George M. Santangelo, Walter K. Schmidt
Heterologous Expression Studies Of Saccharomyces Cerevisiae Reveal Two Distinct Trypanosomatid Caax Protease Activities And Identify Their Potential Targets, David Z. Mokry, Surya P. Manandhar, Kristen A. Chicola, George M. Santangelo, Walter K. Schmidt
Faculty Publications
The CaaX tetrapeptide motif typically directs three sequential posttranslational modifications, namely, isoprenylation, proteolysis, and carboxyl methylation. In all eukaryotic systems evaluated to date, two CaaX proteases (Rce1 and Ste24/Afc1) have been identified. Although the Trypanosoma brucei genome also encodes two putative CaaX proteases, the lack of detectable T. brucei Ste24 activity in trypanosome cell extracts has suggested that CaaX proteolytic activity within this organism is solely attributed to T. brucei Rce1 (J. R. Gillespie et al., Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. 153: 115-124. 2007). In this study, we demonstrate that both T. brucei Rce1 and T. brucei Ste24 are enzymatically active when …
A Microrna Imparts Robustness Against Environmental Fluctuation During Development, Xin Li, Justin J. Cassidy, Catherine A. Reinke, Stephen Fischboeck, Richard W. Carthew
A Microrna Imparts Robustness Against Environmental Fluctuation During Development, Xin Li, Justin J. Cassidy, Catherine A. Reinke, Stephen Fischboeck, Richard W. Carthew
Faculty Publications
The microRNA miR-7 is perfectly conserved from annelids to humans, and yet some of the genes that it regulates in Drosophila are not regulated in mammals. We have explored the role of lineage restricted targets, using Drosophila , in order to better understand the evolutionary significance of microRNA-target relationships. From studies of two well characterized developmental regulatory networks, we find that miR-7 functions in several interlocking feedback and feedforward loops, and propose that its role in these networks is to buffer them against perturbation. To directly demonstrate this function for miR-7, we subjected the networks to temperature fluctuation and found …
Using A Mathematical Model Of Cadherin-Based Adhesion To Understand The Function Of The Actin Cytoskeleton, J. C. Dallon, Elijah Newren, Marc Hansen
Using A Mathematical Model Of Cadherin-Based Adhesion To Understand The Function Of The Actin Cytoskeleton, J. C. Dallon, Elijah Newren, Marc Hansen
Faculty Publications
The actin cytoskeleton plays a role in cell-cell adhesion but its specific function is not clear. Actin might anchor cadherins or drive membrane protrusions in order to facilitate cell-cell adhesion. Using a mathematical model of the forces involved in cadherin-based adhesion we investigate its possible functions. The immersed boundary method is used to model the cell membrane and cortex with cadherin binding forces added as linear springs. The simulations indicate that cells in suspension can develop normal cell-cell contacts without actin-based cadherin anchoring or membrane protrusions. The cadherins can be fixed in the membrane or free to move and the …
Timing Of Supplementation Of Selenium And Isoflavones Determines Prostate Cancer Risk Factor Reduction In Rats, Merrill J. Christensen, Jessica R. Tolman, Edwin D. Lephart, Dennis L. Eggett, Kenneth Setchell
Timing Of Supplementation Of Selenium And Isoflavones Determines Prostate Cancer Risk Factor Reduction In Rats, Merrill J. Christensen, Jessica R. Tolman, Edwin D. Lephart, Dennis L. Eggett, Kenneth Setchell
Faculty Publications
High dietary intake of selenium or isoflavones reduces risk factors for prostate cancer. We tested whether combined supplementation of these two dietary components would reduce prostate cancer risk factors in rats more than supplementation of each component individually. Methods Male Noble rat pups were exposed from conception to diets containing an adequate (0.33-0.45 mg/kg diet) or high (3.33-3.45 mg/kg) concentration of selenium as Se-methylselenocysteine and a low (10 mg/kg) or high (600 mg/kg) level of isoflavones in a 2 x 2 factorial design. Pups consumed their respective diets until sacrifice at 35, 100, or 200 days. Male Noble rat breeders, …
Novel Role Of Antioxidant-1 (Atox1) As A Copper-Dependent Transcription Factor Involved In Cell Proliferation, S. Itoh, H. W. Kim, O. Nakagawa, K. Ozumi, Susan M. Lessner, H. Aoki, K. Akram, R. D. Mckinney, M. Ushio-Fukai, T. Fukai
Novel Role Of Antioxidant-1 (Atox1) As A Copper-Dependent Transcription Factor Involved In Cell Proliferation, S. Itoh, H. W. Kim, O. Nakagawa, K. Ozumi, Susan M. Lessner, H. Aoki, K. Akram, R. D. Mckinney, M. Ushio-Fukai, T. Fukai
Faculty Publications
Copper plays a fundamental role in regulating cell growth. Many types of human cancer tissues have higher copper levels than normal tissues. Copper can also induce gene expression. However, transcription factors that mediate copper-induced cell proliferation have not been identified in mammals. Here we show that antioxidant-1 (Atox1), previously appreciated as a copper chaperone, represents a novel copper-dependent transcription factor that mediates copper-induced cell proliferation. Stimulation of mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) with copper markedly increased cell proliferation, cyclin D1 expression, and entry into S phase, which were completely abolished in Atox1-/- MEFs. Promoter analysis and EMSA revealed that copper …
Bmp Signaling Goes Posttranscriptional In A Microrna Sort Of Way, Catherine A. Reinke, Richard W. Carthew
Bmp Signaling Goes Posttranscriptional In A Microrna Sort Of Way, Catherine A. Reinke, Richard W. Carthew
Faculty Publications
Aberrant microRNA (miRNA) expression correlates with human diseases such as cardiac disorders and cancer. Treatment of such disorders using miRNA-targeted therapeutics requires a thorough understanding of miRNA regulation in vivo. A recent paper in Nature by Davis et al. expands our understanding of miRNA biogenesis and maturation, elucidating a mechanism by which extracellular signaling directs cell differentiation via posttranscriptional regulation of miRNA expression.
Avpv Neurons Containing Estrogen Receptor-Beta In Adult Male Rats Are Influenced By Soy Isoflavones, Edwin D. Lephart, Lihong H. Bu
Avpv Neurons Containing Estrogen Receptor-Beta In Adult Male Rats Are Influenced By Soy Isoflavones, Edwin D. Lephart, Lihong H. Bu
Faculty Publications
Background Isoflavones, the most abundant phytoestrogens in soy foods, are structurally similar to 17beta-estradiol. It is known that 17beta-estradiol induces apoptosis in anteroventral periventricular nucleus (AVPV) in rat brain. Also, there is evidence that consumption of soy isoflavones reduces the volume of AVPV in male rats. Therefore, in this study, we examined the influence of dietary soy isoflavones on apoptosis in AVPV of 150 day-old male rats fed either a soy isoflavone-free diet (Phyto-free) or a soy isoflavone-rich diet (Phyto-600). Results: The occurrence of apoptosis in AVPV was examined by TUNEL staining. The incidence of apoptosis was about 10 times …
Dynamin As A Mover And Pincher During Cell Migration And Invasion, Anne E. Kruchten, Mark A. Mcniven
Dynamin As A Mover And Pincher During Cell Migration And Invasion, Anne E. Kruchten, Mark A. Mcniven
Faculty Publications
The large GTPase dynamin, long known for its role in endocytosis, has most recently been implicated as a facilitator of cell migration and invasion. Recent observations link dynamin to the cycle of membrane expansion and retraction essential for cell motility. Its role in actin polymerization, membrane deformation and vesiculation, and focal adhesion dynamics are all important for this process, and the new findings provide exciting directions for studies of this ubiquitous and diverse protein family.
Influences Of Dietary Soy Isoflavones On Metabolism But Not Nociception And Stress Hormone Responses In Ovariectomized Female Rats, Edwin D. Lephart, Lihong H. Bu, Kenneth Setchell
Influences Of Dietary Soy Isoflavones On Metabolism But Not Nociception And Stress Hormone Responses In Ovariectomized Female Rats, Edwin D. Lephart, Lihong H. Bu, Kenneth Setchell
Faculty Publications
Isoflavones, the most abundant phytoestrogens in soy foods, are structurally similar to 17beta-estradiol. Few studies have examined the nociception and stress hormone responses after consumption of soy isoflavones. Methods: In this study, ovariectomized (OVX) female Long-Evans rats were fed either an isoflavone-rich diet (Phyto-600) or an isoflavone-free diet (Phyto-free). We examined the effects of soy isoflavones on metabolism by measuring body weights, food/water intake, adipose tissue weights as well as serum leptin levels. Also, circulating isoflavone levels were quantified. During chemically induced estrous, nociceptive thresholds were recorded. Then, the animals were subjected to a stressor and stress hormone levels were …
A Dynamin-3 Spliced Variant Modulates The Actin/Cortactin-Dependent Morphogenesis Of Dendritic Spines, Noah W. Gray, Anne E. Kruchten, Jing Chen, Mark A. Mcniven
A Dynamin-3 Spliced Variant Modulates The Actin/Cortactin-Dependent Morphogenesis Of Dendritic Spines, Noah W. Gray, Anne E. Kruchten, Jing Chen, Mark A. Mcniven
Faculty Publications
Immature dendrites extend many actin-rich filopodial structures that can be replaced by synapse-containing dendritic spines as the neuron matures. The large GTPase dynamin-3 (Dyn3) is a component of the postsynapse in hippocampal neurons but its function is undefined. Here, we demonstrate that a specific Dyn3 variant (Dyn3baa) promotes the formation of immature dendritic filopodia in cultured neurons. This effect is dependent upon Dyn3 GTPase activity and a direct interaction with the F-actin-binding protein cortactin. Consistent with these findings, Dyn3baa binds to cortactin with a 200% higher affinity than Dyn3aaa, a near identical isoform that does not induce dendritic filopodia when …
Dietary Isoflavones Alter Regulatory Behaviors, Metabolic Hormones And Neuroendocrine Function In Long-Evans Male Rats, Edwin D. Lephart, James P. Proter, Lihong H. Bu, Trent D. Lund, Kenneth Setchell, Gina Ramoz, William R. Crowley
Dietary Isoflavones Alter Regulatory Behaviors, Metabolic Hormones And Neuroendocrine Function In Long-Evans Male Rats, Edwin D. Lephart, James P. Proter, Lihong H. Bu, Trent D. Lund, Kenneth Setchell, Gina Ramoz, William R. Crowley
Faculty Publications
Phytoestrogens derived from soy foods (or isoflavones) have received prevalent usage due to their 'health benefits' of decreasing: a) age-related diseases, b) hormone-dependent cancers and c) postmenopausal symptoms. However, little is known about the influence of dietary phytoestrogens on regulatory behaviors, such as food and water intake, metabolic hormones and neuroendocrine parameters. This study examined important hormonal and metabolic health issues by testing the hypotheses that dietary soy-derived isoflavones influence: 1) body weight and adipose deposition, 2) food and water intake, 3) metabolic hormones (i.e., leptin, insulin, T3 and glucose levels), 4) brain neuropeptide Y (NPY) levels, 5) heat production …
Androgen Receptor Expression In The Rat Prostate Is Down-Regulated By Dietary Phytoestrogens, Edwin D. Lephart, Trent D. Lund, Daniel J. Munson, Herman Aldercreutz, Robert J. Handa
Androgen Receptor Expression In The Rat Prostate Is Down-Regulated By Dietary Phytoestrogens, Edwin D. Lephart, Trent D. Lund, Daniel J. Munson, Herman Aldercreutz, Robert J. Handa
Faculty Publications
Background- It is well established that the growth of the prostate gland is a hormone-dependent phenomenon involving both androgenic and estrogenic control. Proliferation of prostate cells is, at least in part, under control of estrogen receptor beta (ER-beta). Phytoestrogens bind ER-beta with high affinity and therefore may have antiproliferative effects in the prostate. Methods- The prostates of male Long-Evans rats fed a diet high in phytoestrogens (Phyto-600) or very low levels of phytoestrogens (Phyto-free) were analyzed to determine the impact of dietary phytoestrogens on prostate weight and androgen receptor (AR) expression in the prostate. Results- Dietary phytoestrogens significantly decreased post-pubertal …
Manipulation Of Prenatal Hormones And Dietary Phytoestrogens During Adulthood Alter The Sexually Dimorphic Expression Of Visual Spatial Memory, Edwin D. Lephart, Trent D. Lund
Manipulation Of Prenatal Hormones And Dietary Phytoestrogens During Adulthood Alter The Sexually Dimorphic Expression Of Visual Spatial Memory, Edwin D. Lephart, Trent D. Lund
Faculty Publications
In learning and memory tasks, requiring visual spatial memory (VSM), males exhibit higher performance levels compared to females (a difference attributed to sex steroid hormonal influences). Based upon the results from our companion investigation, this study examined the influence of prenatal sex steroid hormone manipulations on VSM in adulthood, as assessed in the radial arm maze. Additionally, the influence of dietary soy phytoestrogens (i.e., the presence of high or low estrogen-like compounds present in the animal's diet) on VSM was examined in combination with the prenatal hormonal manipulations. Results: Radial arm maze performance on a phytoestrogen-rich diet: 1) females treated …
Visual Spatial Memory Is Enhanced In Female Rats (But Inhibited In Males) By Dietary Soy Phytoestrogens, Edwin D. Lephart, Trent D. Lund, Timothy W. West, Lilyan Y. Tian, Lihong H. Bu, Daniel L. Simmons, Kenneth Setchell, Herman Adlercreutz
Visual Spatial Memory Is Enhanced In Female Rats (But Inhibited In Males) By Dietary Soy Phytoestrogens, Edwin D. Lephart, Trent D. Lund, Timothy W. West, Lilyan Y. Tian, Lihong H. Bu, Daniel L. Simmons, Kenneth Setchell, Herman Adlercreutz
Faculty Publications
In learning and memory tasks, requiring visual spatial memory (VSM), males exhibit superior performance to females (a difference attributed to the hormonal influence of estrogen). This study examined the influence of phytoestrogens (estrogen-like plant compounds) on VSM, utilizing radial arm-maze methods to examine varying aspects of memory. Additionally, brain phytoestrogen, calbindin (CALB), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) levels were determined. Results: Female rats receiving lifelong exposure to a high-phytoestrogen containing diet (Phyto-600) acquired the maze faster than females fed a phytoestrogen-free diet (Phyto-free); in males the opposite diet effect was identified. In a separate experiment, at 80 days-of-age, animals fed the Phyto-600 …
A Role For Actin, Cdc1p, And Myo2p In The Inheritance Of Late Golgi Elements In Saccharomyces Cerevisiae, Olivia W. Rossanese, Catherine A. Reinke, Brooke J. Bevis, Adam T. Hammond, Irina B. Sears, James O'Connor, Benjamin S. Glick
A Role For Actin, Cdc1p, And Myo2p In The Inheritance Of Late Golgi Elements In Saccharomyces Cerevisiae, Olivia W. Rossanese, Catherine A. Reinke, Brooke J. Bevis, Adam T. Hammond, Irina B. Sears, James O'Connor, Benjamin S. Glick
Faculty Publications
In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Golgi elements are present in the bud very early in the cell cycle. We have analyzed this Golgi inheritance process using fluorescence microscopy and genetics. In rapidly growing cells, late Golgi elements show an actin-dependent concentration at sites of polarized growth. Late Golgi elements are apparently transported into the bud along actin cables and are also retained in the bud by a mechanism that may involve actin. A visual screen for mutants defective in the inheritance of late Golgi elements yielded multiple alleles of CDC1. Mutations in CDC1 severely depolarize the actin cytoskeleton, and these …
Sodium Flux Ratio In Voltage-Clamped Squid Giant Axons, David D. Busath, Ted Begenisich
Sodium Flux Ratio In Voltage-Clamped Squid Giant Axons, David D. Busath, Ted Begenisich
Faculty Publications
The sodium flux ratio across the axolemma of internally perfused, voltage-clamped giant axons of Loligo pealei has been measured at various membrane potentials. The flux ratio exponent obtained from these measurements was about unity and independent of membrane voltage over the 50 mV range from about -20 to +30 mV. These results, combined with previous measurements of ion permeation through sodium channels, show that the sodium channel behaves like a multi-ion pore with two ion binding sites that are rarely simultaneously occupied by sodium.
Two-, Three-, And Four-Particle Spatial Correlations Among Tertiary Cosmic Ray Muons, David D. Busath, R O. Stevenson
Two-, Three-, And Four-Particle Spatial Correlations Among Tertiary Cosmic Ray Muons, David D. Busath, R O. Stevenson
Faculty Publications
Showers of muons which result from interactions of primary cosmic rays high in the atmosphere appear deep underground as bundles of nearly parallel muons. For threshold energies of 1 TeV and arrival zenith angles of 45 degrees, those events having a small mean number of muons are described by a power law distribution in shower size having an exponent of ≅ -3.7 and a radial density distribution that decreases with distance R from the shower axis a little less rapidly than exp(-R/5.4 m). Comparison of new data on four muon spatial correlations in terms of the same phenomenology with data …