Cell and Developmental Biology Commons^™

Laminin Potentiates Differentiation Of Pcc4uva Embryonal Carcinoma Into Neurons, T. M. Sweeney, Roy C. Ogle, C. D. Little

School of Medical Diagnostics & Translational Sciences Publications

The embryonal carcinoma PCC4uva differentiates into neurons in response to treatment with retinoic acid and dbcAMP. We used this in vitro model system to study the effects of laminin on early neural differentiation. Laminin substrata markedly potentiate neural differentiation of retinoic acid and dbcAMP-treated cultures. Only laminin induced more rapid neural cell body clustering, neurite growth and neurite fasciculation as compared to type IV collagen, type I collagen, and fibronectin substrata. Exogenous laminin substrata promoted greater cell attachment, cellular spreading and growth to confluence than type IV collagen, type I collagen, fibronectin and glass substrata. Laminin-induced effects were inhibited by …

A Retinoic Acid Responsive Gene, Mk, Produces A Secreted Protein A With Heparin Binding Activity, Masaru Nakamoto

Biology Faculty Publications

MK is a gene whose expression increases transiently during retinoic acid-induced differentiation of embryonal carcinoma cells. MK polypeptide was secreted by differentiating HM-1 embryonal carcinoma cells and by L-cells transfected with an MK cDNA under the control of the S-actin promoter and Rous sarcoma virus enhancer. MK polypeptide was found to have heparin binding activity. Conditioned medium of the transfected L-cells promoted growth of PC-12 pheochromocytoma cells. These findings support the view that MK polypeptide is a secreted factor involved in regulation of growth and differentiation.

The Status Of The Fetus In Mosaic Law, Ron Du Preez

Journal of the Adventist Theological Society

No abstract provided.

Embryonic Chicken Fibroblast Collagen Binding Proteins: Distribution, Role In Substratum Adhesion, And Relationship To Integrins, Roy C. Ogle, A. Jeannette Potts, Marchall Yacoe, Charles D. Little

School of Medical Diagnostics & Translational Sciences Publications

Collagen binding proteins (CBP) are hydrophobic, cell surface polypeptides, isolated by collagen affinity chromatography. Antibodies to CBPs inhibit the attachment of embryonic chicken heart fibroblasts to native type I collagen fibrils in a dose-dependent manner. The CBP antibodies also induce rounding and detachment of cells adherent to a planar substratum. This process of antibody-mediated substratum detachment resulted in a clustering of CBP and cell-associated extracellular matrix at the cell surface, and the rearrangement of filamentous actin. Other functional studies showed that cells grown within a three-dimensional gel of type I collagen cannot be immunostained at the cell surface with CBP …

Effect Of Photoperiod On Developmental Morphology And Enolase Isoenzyme Immunohistochemistry In Rat And Djungarian Hamster Superficial Pineal Glands, Chalmer D. Mcclure

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The best understood functional activity of the pineal gland is its diurnal production of melatonin in response to environmental lighting cues. Several enzymes of the melatonin pathway respond to daily photoperiod changes, for example hydroxyindole-O-methyltransferase (HIOMT) and serotonin N-acetyltransferase (SNAT). Increased levels of the glycolytic enzyme neuron-specific enolase (NSE) are thought to reflect increased physiological demands placed on neurons and neuroendocrine tissues. Homodimer non-neuronal enolase isoenzyme (NNE) is immunolocalized to cells, and the hybrid enolase (consisting of subunits from NSE and NNE) has been seen in cerebellar stellate and basket cells. Although not rate limiting, concentrations of both NSE and …

Collagen Binding Proteins Derived From The Embryonic Fibroblast Cell Surface Recognize Arginine-Glycine-Aspartic Acid, Roy C. Ogle, Charles D. Little

School of Medical Diagnostics & Translational Sciences Publications

Several cell surface proteins (Mr = 120,000, 90,000, 63,000 and 47,000) apparently integral to embryonic fibroblast plasma membranes were extracted with detergent and isolated by collagen affinity chromatography. Certain of these proteins (Mr = 120,000, 90,000, and 47,000) were specifically eluted from collagen affinity columns by synthetic peptides containing the amino acid sequence arginyl-glycyl-aspartic acid (RGD). These data show that a number of collagen binding proteins exist on the embryonic fibroblast cell surface. Some of the proteins may be collagen receptors binding to RGD sequences in the collagen molecule while at least one of the proteins (Mr = 63,000) recognizes …

The Development And Comparative Morphology Of The Mandibular Symphysis In Salamanders, Jennifer Lorenz Elwood

Biological Sciences Theses & Dissertations

Despite the extensive literature on salamander cranial morphology, few authors mention the structure or development of the mandibular symphysis. Adult specimens representing eight caudate families and larval Ambystoma opacum, representing nine developmental stages, were evaluated histologically to determine the structure and development of the mandibular symphysis.

From this analysis it was determined that early in the ontogeny of the mandibular symphysis Meckel's cartilages are separated by a band of undifferentiated cartilage. As development progresses, this band of undifferentiated cartilage gradually transforms into a wedge of fibrocartilage which fuses to Meckel's cartilages.

Symphyseal morphologies of the adult caudates could be broken …

Variation In Piglet Weights: Weight Gains In The First Days After Birth And Their Relationship With Later Performance, B. K. Thompson, D. Fraser

Ontogeny Collection

Piglets from 42 litters of Yorkshire sows were weighed 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 10, and 14 d after farrowing in order to explore the highly variable weight gains during the first 2 wk after birth. All litters were adjusted to 10-12 piglets by fostering. Litters differed greatly in average gain per piglet during the first 3 d after farrowing, with litter means ranging from 5 to 227 g d‒1 per piglet for the 3-d period. Gains during days 0-3 tended to be somewhat lower if the sow had a high body temperature during these days, but the …

Use Of Water By Piglets In The First Days After Birth, David Fraser, P. A. Phillips, B. K. Thompson, W. B. Peeters

Ontogeny Collection

Use of drinking water was determined for 51 litters of piglets by weighing and refilling a water dispenser each day for the first 4 d after farrowing. Measures of spillage, evaporation, and piglet drinking behavior indicated that most disappearance of water represented actual drinking by the piglets. Water use varied greatly among litters with an average of 46 g d^‒1 per piglet over the 4 d, and a range of negligible use to about 200 g d^‒1. Water use, especially on day 2, was correlated negatively with the average weight gain of the litter during the first …

Laminin Receptors For Neurite Formation, H. K. Kleinman, Roy C. Ogle, F. B. Cannon, C. D. Little, T. M. Sweeney, L. Luckenbill-Edds

School of Medical Diagnostics & Translational Sciences Publications

Laminin, a basement membrane glycoprotein promotes both cell attachment and neurite outgrowth. Separate domains on laminin elicit these responses, suggesting that distinct receptors occur on the surface of cells. NG108-15 neuroblastoma-glioma cells rapidly extend long processes in the presence of laminin. We report here that 125I-labeled laminin specifically binds to these cells and to three membrane proteins of 67, 110, and 180 kDa. These proteins were isolated by affinity chromatography on laminin-Sepharose. The 67-kDa protein reacted with antibody to the previously characterized receptor for cell attachment to laminin. Antibodies to the 110-kDa and 180-kDa bands demonstrated that the 110-kDa protein …

Microsurgical Fertilization Of Mammalian Eggs: An Assessment Of Clinical Utilization, Susan E. Lanzendorf

Theses and Dissertations in Biomedical Sciences

Microsurgical fertilization is the technique in which a spermatozoon or sperm nucleus is injected into the cytoplasm of an egg. To establish a foundation for the use of microsurgical fertilization as a means of treating infertility, this study evaluated the procedure in hamster and human eggs. Hamster sperm nuclei were microinjected into hamster eggs to determine the rate of abnormal fertilization and to ultrastructurally assess cellular damage by transmission electron microscopy. Hamster eggs were also injected with human spermatozoa obtained from fertile and infertile men to evaluate the fertilizing potential of the sperm cells. In addition, human eggs donated by …

The Homeo Domain Of A Murine Protein Binds 5' To Its Own Homeo Box., Abraham Fainsod, Leonard D. Bogarad, Tarmo Ruusala, Martin Lubin

Dartmouth Scholarship

Nuclear protein extracts from day 12.5 mouse embryos were used to study protein binding to DNA sequences 5' of the Hox 1.5 homeo box. Embryos of this developmental stage are known to express this gene. DNA binding protein blotting and retardation gel techniques show that murine embryonic nuclear proteins specifically bind a 753-base pair (bp) DNA fragment from the region upstream of the Hox 1.5 homeo box. A fusion protein containing the Hox 1.5 homeo domain constructed in lambda gt11 also binds the same 753-bp DNA fragment. Specific binding of the fusion protein to the upstream DNA fragment shows that …

Spermatogenesis And Histology Of The Testes Of The Caecilian, Chthonerpeton Indistinctum, Rafael O. De Sá, Nibia Berois

Biology Faculty Publications

Macroscopically, the testes of Chthonerpeton indistinctum consist of a series of oval lobes. The number and size of lobes is variable in Chthonerpeton indistinctum. Histologically, the testes are divided into structural units, locules separated by septa of connective tissue. Inside of each locule spermatogenesis takes place in cysts of germinal cells that divide synchronically. Chthonerpeton indistinctum is divided chronologically into four stages of development based on the shape of the nuclei of the spermatids and their arrangement in the cyst: (1) round, (2) kidney shaped, (3) attenuate, and (4) bouquet arrangement.

Variation In Piglet Weights: Development Of Within-Litter Variation Over A 5-Week Lactation And Effect Of Farrowing Crate Design, B. K. Thompson, D. Fraser

Ontogeny Collection

Piglets from 51 litters were weighed weekly over a 5-wk lactation in an experiment that studied the effects of farrowing crate design and other factors on variation in piglet weight. Of two farrowing crates used, one had low horizontal bars that tended to impede access to the upper row of teats, while the other had angled vertical bars which permitted freer access. Fourteen-day weights were more uniform in the vertical-bar crates than in the horizontal-bar crates (P < 0.025), but the difference waned by day 35 (P > 0.05). There were no significant differences in mean body weight owing to crate type (P < 0.05) for any of the weekly measurements but, by day 14, there was a significant linear trend (P < 0.05) at decreasing main body weight with increasing litter size. The interaction between crate type and litter size was significant at the later ages (P < 0.01 at day 35) because the linear trend was more pronounced for horizontal-bar crates than for vertical. Litters differed greatly in the uniformity of their body weights. Much of the variation became established in the first and, to a lesser extent, the second week after birth. In those weeks, weight gains were highly variable and were not closely related to weight at the beginning of the week. Thereafter, the established differences tended to be perpetuated to 35 d, because weight gains were largely proportional to body weight. Within-litter competition appeared to influence weight gain considerably.

Variation In Piglet Weights: Relationship To Suckling Behavior, Parity Number And Farrowing Crate Design, David Fraser, B. K. Thompson

Ontogeny Collection

Suckling behavior and weight change of piglets were studied during the first 2 wk after birth. Thirty-six litters comprised a balanced comparison of parity number (first or second), litter size (8, 10 or 12), and two farrowing crate designs, one of which had a low horizontal bar that tended to impede the piglets' access to the udder. Piglets showed the expected preference for the anterior teats although the preference was more apparent in the second parity than in the first. Teat fidelity was most pronounced at the two ends of the udder; piglets occupying the middle positions did more fighting …

Survivorship And Growth Of Sexually And Asexually Derived Larvae Of Alsophila Pometaria (Lepidoptera: Geometridae), Lawrence G. Harshman, Douglas J. Futuyma

School of Biological Sciences: Faculty Publications

A substantial body of theory is devoted to understanding the relative advantages of sexual and asexual reproduction. It is generally understood that asexual forms potentially have a higher rate of reproduction because they save the cost of producing males. The micro-evolutionary consequences of sexual and asexual reproduction are less clear. Sexual reproduction generates abundant genotypic diversity which may be adaptively advantageous (Williams 1975; Maynard Smith 1978). Asexual reproduction may perpetuate combinations of genes that are co-adapted (Templeton 1979), heterotic (Suomalainen et al. 1976; White 1979), or specialized (Vrijenhoek 1979, 1984). Thus, it is possible that the fitness of a sexual …

Origin Of Human Trisomy 21 Mosaicism, Diane Dusenbery Waggoner

Dissertations and Theses

Down Syndrome is a human condition caused by an extra copy of a #21 chromosome. At least one to two percent of free (not translocated) trisomy 21 cases are mosaics, i.e., they have two or more distinct cell lines. Usually, one cell line is 47 ,XX or XY ,+21 while the other cell line is normal 46,XX or 46,XY.

The purpose of the study was to establish the etiologies of the separate cell lines by determining whether the zygote was trisomic or normal. Meiotic non-disjunction in the formation of a gamete could lead to a trisomic zygote; loss of a …

Factors Affecting Thyrotropin Secretion In Superfused Rat Anterior Pituitary Cells, Frederick Scott Bartlow

Dissertations and Theses

The use of static in vitro pituitary cultures has been indispensible for examining the regulation of anterior pituitary hormone secretion. While the static cultures have shown the effects of various chemical stimulators of hormone secretion, the dynamics of such secretion has not been assessed before in vitro. The in vitro superfusion method, which partially stimulates in vivo physiologic conditions, allows for the observation of the dynamics of pituitary hormone secretion.

Connquest, Sandra Cookson, D.W. Allinson, G.S. Speer, R.W. Taylor, R.P. Prince, J.W. Bartok, D.W. Protheroe, D.R. Miller

Storrs Agricultural Experiment Station

No abstract provided.

Fine Structure Of The Nucleus And Cytoplasmic Feulgen-Positive Areas In The Developing Oocyte Of Argus (Persicargas) Radiatus, Bonnie J. Harding

Biological Sciences Theses & Dissertations

A transmission electron microscope analysis of the changes that occur in the nuclear chromatin and the Feulgen-positive areas of the oocyte cytoplasm as the female develops, feeds and mates is described. The description includes analysis of oocytes from three types of females: unfed, unmated; fed, unmated; and fed, mated. In all types, dense material passes through the extremely porous nuclear membrane where it accumulates in the cytoplasm.

Nuclei of previtellogenic oocytes appear the same in all females studied. Fibrillar bodies and up to four large nucleoli are seen. No typical chromatin is seen, but structures resembling nucleosomes appear throughout the …

Karyology And Morphometrics Of Three Species Of Akodon (Mammalia: Muridae) From Northwestern Argentina, Rubén M. Barquez, Daniel F. Williams, Michael A. Mares, Hugh H. Genoways

University of Nebraska State Museum: Mammalogy Papers

Chromosomal and morphometric studies were conducted on a sample from an assemblage of Akodon spp. occurring in various patterns of sympatry from the provinces of Catamarca, Jujuy, Salta, and Tucumán, Argentina. Results showed three distinct morphometric groups based upon size. Size also varied with age, but there were no significant differences in measurements of males and females. The three morphometric groups have distinct karyotypes. Akodon caenosus Thomas is the smallest of the three, and has a karyotype of 2n = 34, FN = 40. A. boliviensis tucumanensis J. A. Allen is intermediate in size and has 2n = 40, FN …

The Ductuli Efferentes In Macaca Mulatta: Electron Microscopic Evaluation Of Changes After Vasectomy, Loyal Douglas Marsh

Dissertations and Theses

After vasectomy, the passage of sperm antigen through the epithelium of the efferent duct in the rhesus macaque probably results in immune complex deposition. Immune complexes can be visualized in the thickened basement by fluorescence microscopy. Subsequent electron microscopic evaluation, with the appearance of electron-dense deposits in the basement membrane of the efferent ducts, substantiates these findings.

Storage And Use Of Glycogen By Juvenile Carcinonemertes Errans, D. Mitchell Wolgamott

Dissertations and Theses

Juvenile C. errans do not feed on particulate matter and yet they can survive, apparently unchanged, for several months before maturing into the adult stage which feeds on the eggs of Cancer magister. The significance of glycogen as an energy source for maintenance of the juvenile form was investigated.

More Lambs By Mating Weaners, R J. Suiter

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

Farmers can increase sheep numbers by mating ewe weaners. Trials have shoen that this does not affect the later performance of these ewes.

Extracellular Macromolecules In Regenerating Sabellids: A Histochemical Study, Michael R. Bigelow

MUSC Theses and Dissertations

Regenerating sabellid polychaetes were histochemically studied with regard to the synthesis and deposition of glycosaminoglycans (GAG) and collagen. Both of these types of macromolecules are known to be actively involved in cell migrations and differentiations of several vertebrate systems. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether or not these extracellular materials might be similarly involved in invertebrate systems. Results demonstrate for the first time that these same extracellular materials, GAG and collagen, actively participate during invertebrate development. Production of hyaluronic acid is shown to accompany mesenchymal migration and blastema formation. Deposition of sulfated GAG collagen in the form …

Differentiation Of Fourth And Early Fifth Stages Of Parascaris Equorum (Goeze, 1782) Nematoda: Ascaridoidea, P. A. Pilitt, J. R. Lichtenfels, P. A. Madden

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

The morphology of Parascaris equorum of horses was studied; light and scanning electron microscopy were used. Late fourth-stage larvae have narrow, rectangular lips bearing few, large. triangular, irregularly spaced denticles and the lips are not markedly set off from the body. The cutick of the late fourth stage is completely transversely striated, with incomplete longitudinal ridges creating a brickwork pattern; longitudinal alae are present. Total body lengths of fourth-stage larvae range from 10 to 32 mm. A single molting fourth-stage male was found to be 33 mm long. Early fifthstage nematodes have wide, trilobate lips with a deep transverse groove …

The Effect Of Selenium On The Toxicity Of Methyl Mercury In Medaka Embryos, Peter H. Krauth

All-Inclusive List of Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of selenium upon methyl mercury poisoning in Medaka fish (Oryzias latipes) embryos. Selenium has been shown to provide a protective mechanism against mercury poisoning in some adult animals. Three experiments were done. In the first, selenium and methyl mercury were put directly in the growing medium of the eggs. In the second experiment, selenium was included in the diet of the parent fish. In the third part, methyl mercury exposure was delayed three days. The results of the first experiment were quite dramatic and showed a significant difference when selenium …

A Histochemical Study Of Tooth Development In The Chinese Hamster (Cricetulus Griseus), Robert B. Daszkiewicz

Masters Theses

The normal morphological development of the Chinese hamster (Cricetulus griseus) during the last week of gestation was studied. A review of the literature reveals no distinct study of tooth development in this species. An identical gestation period is found in the mouse (Mus musculus) making direct comparison between the embryos of the same age of the two species feasible. During this investigation, it was found that morphological tooth development in the Chinese hamster lagged behind that of the mouse by about 2 days. On day 14 of gestation in the Chinese hamster, the oral epithelium is …

The Effects Of Moist-Heat Treatments And Stratification On Germination Of Prairie Plant Seeds, John E. Stuurwold

Honors Theses

Germination of Silphium terebinthenaceum was enhanced by a post-stratification most-heat treatment at 80°C. Tested seeds of four other perennial herbs common to midwestern prairies (Andropogon scoparius, Sorghastrum nutans, Eryngium yuccifolium, and Solidago rigida) showed little adverse or beneficial effects of the heat treatment. Heat treatments alone had little effect on the seeds; the length of stratification periods necessary to effect maximal germination varied. The significance of these findings is examined in the light of related literature on grassland fire ecology.

The Effects Of Desoxycorticosterone, Hydrocortisone, And Prednisone On Myogenesis In Vitro, Gregory K. Nienaber

Masters Theses

In order to obtain proper muscle development in tissue culture, certain conditions must prevail. There is a delicate balance of factors, and elimination of even one of these factors leads to poor and improper development. Muscle cells grown in the absence of fibroblasts usually fail to differentiate. Therefore, proper development depends upon the presence of two cell types: myoblasts and fibroblasts. Investigators have demonstrated that the fibroblasts are necessary in that they produce collagen which is necessary for proper muscle development. The present study has shown that desoxycorticosterone, hydrocortisone, and prednisone at concentrations of 10, 1, and 0.1 ug/ml of …