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Articles 3151 - 3180 of 3277

Full-Text Articles in Cell and Developmental Biology

Development And Application Of A Thermistor Current Meter, Carl M. Way, Albert J. Burky, Christine Miller-Way Jan 1994

Development And Application Of A Thermistor Current Meter, Carl M. Way, Albert J. Burky, Christine Miller-Way

Biology Faculty Publications

This report provides details for the construction of a hot-bead thermistor current meter which is capable of measuring water velocities on a millimeter spatial scale and for the construction of a compact and accurate calibration system. Hot-bead thermistor current meters can be built with response times of 200 ms capable of measuring velocities between 0.1 and 80 cm s-1. The construction of a sturdy probe for application in lotic systems such as high gradient Hawaiian streams was achieved by the use of heavy-duty acrylic tubing, small stainless steel gas-chromatography tubing, and flexible Tygon spaghetti tubing. An acrylic handle anchors the …

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Binding Of Matrix Attachment Regions To Lamin Polymers Involves Single-Stranded Regions And The Minor Groove., M. E. Eva Ludérus, Jan L. Den Blaauwen, Oncko J. De Smit, Duane A. Compton, Roel Van Driel Jan 1994

Binding Of Matrix Attachment Regions To Lamin Polymers Involves Single-Stranded Regions And The Minor Groove., M. E. Eva Ludérus, Jan L. Den Blaauwen, Oncko J. De Smit, Duane A. Compton, Roel Van Driel

Dartmouth Scholarship

Chromatin in eukaryotic nuclei is thought to be partitioned into functional loop domains that are generated by the binding of defined DNA sequences, named MARs (matrix attachment regions), to the nuclear matrix. We have previously identified B-type lamins as MAR-binding matrix components (M. E. E. Ludérus, A. de Graaf, E. Mattia, J. L. den Blaauwen, M. A. Grande, L. de Jong, and R. van Driel, Cell 70:949-959, 1992). Here we show that A-type lamins and the structurally related proteins desmin and NuMA also specifically bind MARs in vitro. We studied the interaction between MARs and lamin polymers in molecular detail …

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Unusual Structure Of A Human Middle Repetitive Dna, Duminda D. Ratnasinghe Dec 1993

Unusual Structure Of A Human Middle Repetitive Dna, Duminda D. Ratnasinghe

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The L2Hs sequences are a polymorphic, interspersed, middle repetitive DNA family unique to human genomes. Genomic fingerprinting indicates that these DNAs vary from one individual to another and between tissues of the same individual. Sequence analysis reveals that they are AT-rich (76%) and contain many unusual sequence arrangements (palindromes, inverted and direct repeats). These sequence properties confer on the L2Hs elements the potential to fold into non-B-form structures, a characteristic of recombination hot spots. To test this hypothesis carbodiimide, osmium tetroxide and S$\sb1$ nuclease were used as single-strand specific probes to study a recombinant plasmid, pN6.4.39, containing a single L2Hs …

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Inhibition Of Cytochrome P-450 But Not Neutrophil Depletion Prevents The Pulmonary Toxicity Associated With 1-Nitronaphthalene, Steven Michael Green Aug 1993

Inhibition Of Cytochrome P-450 But Not Neutrophil Depletion Prevents The Pulmonary Toxicity Associated With 1-Nitronaphthalene, Steven Michael Green

Masters Theses

1-Nitronaphthalene (1-NN) is an environmental contaminant that has been shown to cause pulmonary toxicity in rodents. To examine the contribution of cytochrome P-450 to the metabolism and subsequent toxicity of 1-NN, rats were pretreated with chloramphenicol, a suicide substrate of P-450. To determine if inflammation plays a role in 1-NN toxicity, rats were pretreated with cyclophosphamide to deplete neutrophils. In both experiments, morphological analysis of the lower airways was performed with light and electron microscopy. A second group of animals was examined for biochemical indicators of inflammation and cell damage. The parameters examined were cell content, protein content and lactate …

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The Isolation And Identification Of Polyphenolics From Grape Seeds And Their Activity Towards Specific Cell Lines, Joseph A. Reddy Jul 1993

The Isolation And Identification Of Polyphenolics From Grape Seeds And Their Activity Towards Specific Cell Lines, Joseph A. Reddy

Chemistry & Biochemistry Theses & Dissertations

Grape seed extract is being marketed in France for cardiovascular use and skin care. The active constituents of both these drugs are certain polyphenols called procyanidins. A similar seed extract has now been obtained from Virginia Chardonnay grape seeds. Ten of the major components in this extract have been isolated in their pure form by the semi-preparative HPLC separation on a YMC ODS-AQ (Octadecylsilane-AQ) column. The ODS-Aq column has been shown to have a better resolving capacity compared to the Spherisorb ODS (Octadecylsilane) column previously described in the literature. This has been attributed to the ODSAQ support which has both …

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The Cytotoxic Effect Of Tropical Plants On Human And Rat Hepatoma Cells, Mark Tafazoli Jun 1993

The Cytotoxic Effect Of Tropical Plants On Human And Rat Hepatoma Cells, Mark Tafazoli

Honors Capstone Projects and Theses

No abstract provided.

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Analysis Of The Proteoglycan Content In Fresh And Cryopreserved Porcine Cardiovascular Tissues, Yun Hee Shon Apr 1993

Analysis Of The Proteoglycan Content In Fresh And Cryopreserved Porcine Cardiovascular Tissues, Yun Hee Shon

Theses and Dissertations in Biomedical Sciences

The purpose of this research was to study the effects of cryopreservation on the proteoglycan (PG) and mineral content of aorta conduit tissue. Proteoglycans from fresh and cryopreserved porcine aorta conduit tissues were isolated by extraction with 4 M guanidine (Gdn) - hydrochloride (HCl) for 48 hours. Quantitative analysis of extracted proteoglycans revealed that the content of proteoglycan material from cryopreserved tissue, measured as uronate and protein per unit weight of wet tissue, was similar to that from fresh tissue. Gel permeation column chromatography studies suggested that proteoglycans present in three CsCl fractions from cryopreserved tissues had molecular weights similar …

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Ribosomal Dna And The Phylogeny Of Frogs, David M. Hills, Loren K. Ammerman, Michael T. Dixon, Rafael O. De Sá Mar 1993

Ribosomal Dna And The Phylogeny Of Frogs, David M. Hills, Loren K. Ammerman, Michael T. Dixon, Rafael O. De Sá

Biology Faculty Publications

Phylogenetic analysis of 1656 aligned sites in the 28S ribosomal RNA gene of frogs supports some of the recently recognized higher groups of anurans but provides counter-support for others. The 28S rDNA data support the monophyly of the recently recognized Pipanura (me- sobatrachians plus neobatrachians), which in turn indicates paraphyly of archaeobatrachians. Me- sobatrachians (pelobatoids plus pipoids), which are either considered paraphyletic or weakly sup- ported as monophyletic in morphological analyses, also receive support as a monophyletic group from the 28S rDNA data. Hyloidea (=Bufonoidea), which is widely recognized but lacks morphological support, receives some molecular support as being monophyletic. …

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The Effects Of Teratogens On Serotonin Expression In Drosophila Embryonic Cell Cultures, Keri Joel Hopkins Jan 1993

The Effects Of Teratogens On Serotonin Expression In Drosophila Embryonic Cell Cultures, Keri Joel Hopkins

Theses Digitization Project

No abstract provided.

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Characterization Of Early B Lymphocyte Activation During Trichinella Spiralis Infection In Rats, Elizabeth Margaret Richards Jan 1993

Characterization Of Early B Lymphocyte Activation During Trichinella Spiralis Infection In Rats, Elizabeth Margaret Richards

Theses Digitization Project

No abstract provided.

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Chronic Estrogen-Induced Alterations In Adrenocorticotropin And Corticosterone Secretion: Relationship To Mineralocorticoid And Glucocorticoid Receptor Regulation In The Female Rat Anterior Pituitary Gland And Brain, Loyd H. Burgess Jan 1993

Chronic Estrogen-Induced Alterations In Adrenocorticotropin And Corticosterone Secretion: Relationship To Mineralocorticoid And Glucocorticoid Receptor Regulation In The Female Rat Anterior Pituitary Gland And Brain, Loyd H. Burgess

Dissertations

No abstract provided.

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Changes In Intracellular Chloride During Osmotic Stress And L-Alanine Uptake In Mouse Hepatocytes, Kening Wang Oct 1992

Changes In Intracellular Chloride During Osmotic Stress And L-Alanine Uptake In Mouse Hepatocytes, Kening Wang

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

A stable intracellular ionic environment is necessary for hepatocytes to function normally. Thus, during hypotonic shock or L-alanine uptake, hepatocytes swell and then exhibit a regulatory volume decrease (RVD), which comprises an increase in K$\sp+$ conductance (G$\sb{\rm K}$), an increased K$\sp+$ efflux, and a hyperpolarization of transmembrane potential (V$\sb{\rm m}$). Since hepatocyte intracellular Cl$\sp-$ has been demonstrated to distribute passively with V$\sb{\rm m}$, this study is designed to test the hypothesis that the hypotonic shock- or L-alanine uptake-induced hyperpolarization of V$\sb{\rm m}$ might provide an electromotive force for the efflux of hepatocyte intracellular Cl$\sp-$, which in turn would contribute osmotically …

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Retention Of Cellular Viability And Growth Potential In Cryopreserved Bovine Arterial Tissue: Implications For Clinical Use Of Cryopreserved Vascular Allografts, Kip G. Gardner Oct 1992

Retention Of Cellular Viability And Growth Potential In Cryopreserved Bovine Arterial Tissue: Implications For Clinical Use Of Cryopreserved Vascular Allografts, Kip G. Gardner

Biological Sciences Theses & Dissertations

Segments of bovine calf aortas and pulmonary arteries were cryopreserved at -196° C for two weeks to 18 months and subsequently thawed. Cellular morphology, viability, and growth potential in these segments were then compared with the same attributes in segments from fresh (control) arteries. Scanning electron microscopy revealed no disruption of intimal surfaces attributable to cryopreservation. Endothelial cells were successfully cultured from all cryopreserved arterial segments. Endothelial monolayers grown from cryopreserved arteries had a cobblestone appearance and expressed Factor VIII antigen but not smooth muscle alpha-actin. Plating efficiency in primary cultures of endothelial cells was lower for cryopreserved arteries than …

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Molecular And Cellular Analysis Of Chlamydia Trachomatis: Persistence And Reactivation, Kimberly R. Tau May 1992

Molecular And Cellular Analysis Of Chlamydia Trachomatis: Persistence And Reactivation, Kimberly R. Tau

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) is the most prevalent sexually-transmitted infection in the United States. It has been suggested that CT infections can become latent. This has not been substantiated. CT persistence was examined at the molecular and cellular level in vitro and in vivo. Penicillin treatment of CT in vitro results in abnormal inclusions and reduced recovery of infectious CT. Penicillin did not inhibit initial stages of infection, but did downregulate CT rRNA levels after 25 hours post-inoculation (p.i.). DNA amplification was employed to differentiate between a resolved infection and a persistent one. Utilizing a primer pair that amplified a 144 …

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Characterization Of A Novel Prostate Tumor-Associated Antigen, Grayson B. Lipford Apr 1992

Characterization Of A Novel Prostate Tumor-Associated Antigen, Grayson B. Lipford

Theses and Dissertations in Biomedical Sciences

The murine monoclonal antibodies (MAb) TURP-27 and HNK-1 have been shown to detect antigens that are heavily expressed by benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and carcinoma of the prostate (CaP). Western blot analysis of prostate extracts, showed that MAb TURP-27 and MAb HNK-1 bound glycoproteins of 180, 140, 120, 100, 90 and 69 kDa. Studies have shown that the HNK-1 carbohydrate epitope may be involved in cell adhesion and that it is a component of several characterized adhesion proteins. TURP-27 was found to bind at least three of these adhesion proteins: neural cell adhesion molecules (N-CAM), myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG) and a …

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Amino Acids And Pineal Gland Function In The Rat, Laura Kus Jan 1992

Amino Acids And Pineal Gland Function In The Rat, Laura Kus

Dissertations

No abstract provided.

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The Cγ Subunit Is A Unique Isozyme Of The Camp-Dependent Protein Kinase, Stephen J. Beebe, Paul Salomonsky, Tore Jahnsen, Yixin Li Jan 1992

The Cγ Subunit Is A Unique Isozyme Of The Camp-Dependent Protein Kinase, Stephen J. Beebe, Paul Salomonsky, Tore Jahnsen, Yixin Li

Bioelectrics Publications

There are at least three isozymes (Cα, Cβ, and Cγ) of the mammalian catalytic (C) subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) (Beebe, S., Oyen, O., Sandberg, M., Froysa, A., Hansson, V., and Jahnsen, T. (1990) Mol. Endocrinol. 4, 465-475). To compare the Cγ and Cα isozymes, the respective cDNAs were expressed in permanently transformed Kin-8 PKA-deficient Y1 adrenal cells using the mouse metallothionein promoter. The recombinant C subunits were characterized as immunoreactive, zinc-inducible, cAMP-dependent kinase activities. In contrast to Cα, histone was a better substrate than Leu-Arg-Arg-Ala-Ser-Leu-Gly (Kemptide) for Cγ. Furthermore, Cγ histone kinase activity was not inhibited by the …

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Magnesium Regulation Of Calcium In Essential Hypertension, Elaine Pringle Gordon Jan 1992

Magnesium Regulation Of Calcium In Essential Hypertension, Elaine Pringle Gordon

Theses and Dissertations in Biomedical Sciences

Essential hypertension is a complex disease which is treated by palliative methods, since the causal factors are as yet unknown. A variety of both genetic and environmental factors probably combine to produce chronic high blood pressure. A genetic model of essential hypertension, spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), and its control strain Wistar Kyoto (WKY) were used to investigate a possible environmental causal factor, cellular magnesium deficit, and its impact on the functional ability of the calcium ATPase. Rats were fed either a magnesium-deficient or a magnesium-sufficient diet for 10 weeks, after which the calcium ATPase activity was measured in intact red …

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Phase I Trial Of Iodine-131-Chimeric B72. 3 (Human Igg4) In Metastatic Colorectal Cancer, Ruby F. Meredith, M B. Khazaeli, Walter Plott, Mansoor Saleh, Tiepu Liu, Laquetta Allen, Charles Russell, Roger Orr Jan 1992

Phase I Trial Of Iodine-131-Chimeric B72. 3 (Human Igg4) In Metastatic Colorectal Cancer, Ruby F. Meredith, M B. Khazaeli, Walter Plott, Mansoor Saleh, Tiepu Liu, Laquetta Allen, Charles Russell, Roger Orr

Haematology and Oncology, East Africa

Twelve patients with metastatic colorectal cancer participated in a Phase I trial of 1311-labeled chimeric B72.3 (human IgG4). Consecutive groups of patients received 18 mCi/m 2, 27 mCi/ m 2 and 36 mCi/m a. No acute side effects related to antibody administration were noted. Bone marrow suppression was the only side effect; it was dose-dependent and correlated with whole-body radiation dose estimates. The lowest dose level produced no marrow suppression, whereas 27 mCi/m 2 resulted in Grade 1 and 2 marrow suppression in two of three patients. The maximum tolerated close was 36 mCi/m 2 with all six patients at …

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Phase I Trial Of The Murine Monoclonal Anti-Gd2 Antibody 14g2a In Metastatic Melanoma, Mansoor Saleh, M B. Khazaeli, Richard Wheeler, Edward Dropcho, Tiepu Liu, Marshall Urist, Donald Miller, Sharon Lawson, Pam Dixon, Charles Russell Jan 1992

Phase I Trial Of The Murine Monoclonal Anti-Gd2 Antibody 14g2a In Metastatic Melanoma, Mansoor Saleh, M B. Khazaeli, Richard Wheeler, Edward Dropcho, Tiepu Liu, Marshall Urist, Donald Miller, Sharon Lawson, Pam Dixon, Charles Russell

Haematology and Oncology, East Africa

In a phase I trial, 12 patients with GD2 antigen-positive metastatic melanoma received the murine anti-GD2 monoclonal antibody 14G2a. The monoclonal antibody was administered in four doses over an 8-day period with total dose ranging from 10 to 120 mg. All patients receiving >10 mg of 14G2a experienced transient abdominal/pelvic pain during the antibody infusion. Five patients had a delayed extremity pain syndrome following the third and fourth antibody infusion. Four of the five patients developed neurological toxicity, including two patients with significant although reversible motor neuropathy. Two of the patients developed hyponatremia secondary to a syndrome of …

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Development And Regulation Of Estrogen Receptors In The Neonatal Rat Hippocampus, Joan A. O'Keefe Jan 1992

Development And Regulation Of Estrogen Receptors In The Neonatal Rat Hippocampus, Joan A. O'Keefe

Dissertations

No abstract provided.

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Osteoinductivity Of Demineralized Bone: A Quantitative In Vitro Assessment, Yihong Zheng Oct 1991

Osteoinductivity Of Demineralized Bone: A Quantitative In Vitro Assessment, Yihong Zheng

Biological Sciences Theses & Dissertations

Acid demineralized bone (DMB) implanted in extraosseous sites induces bone formation. In vivo studies have shown that DMB stimulates the differentiation of mesenchymal cells into osteogenic cells. In this study an in vitro system was developed to demonstrate the osteoinductivity of DMB quantitatively. This in vitro working system was used to assess the osteoinductivity of variously processed DMB products as a means to evaluate their processing protocols. A human dermal fibroblastic (HDF) cell line was initiated from tissue explants as a working model, along with a human periosteal (HPO) cell line as a control. Ground DMB processed by LifeNet Transplant …

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Characterization Of Two Temperature-Sensitive Mutants Of Escherichia Coli Exhibiting An Altered L22 Ribosomal Protein, Bonnie A. Burnette-Vick Aug 1991

Characterization Of Two Temperature-Sensitive Mutants Of Escherichia Coli Exhibiting An Altered L22 Ribosomal Protein, Bonnie A. Burnette-Vick

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Analysis of E. coli strains SK1047 and SK1048 have shown them to be temperature-sensitive, protein-synthesis deficient. An alteration in ribosomal protein L22 was detected in both strains using two dimensional gel electrophoresis. Protein L22 was purified from both strains by reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography and from two dimensional electrophoretic gels. Purified ribosomal protein L22 was labeled by reductive methylation and used in 23S RNA binding assays with and without ribosomal protein L4. At the permissive temperature, protein L22 from SK1047 bound less efficiently than the control while protein L22 from SK1048 bound as efficiently as the control. At …

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The Submembrane Machinery For Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Clustering, S. C. Froehner Jul 1991

The Submembrane Machinery For Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Clustering, S. C. Froehner

Dartmouth Scholarship

No abstract provided.

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Mouse Mast Cell Proteases: Induction, Molecular Cloning, And Characterization, Wei Chu May 1991

Mouse Mast Cell Proteases: Induction, Molecular Cloning, And Characterization, Wei Chu

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Tryptase, a mast cell-specific serine protease with trypsin-like specificity, has been identified in a mouse mast cell line (ABFTL-6) based on it's enzymatic activity, inhibition properties, and cross-reactivity to a human mast cell tryptase antibody. The effects of fibroblast-conditioned medium and sodium butyrate on ABFTL-6 mast cell differentiation and tryptase expression have been examined. ABFTL-6 mouse mast cells undergo phenotypic changes upon culturing in media supplemented with fibroblast-conditioned media at 50% or 1 mM sodium butyrate. The induced cells increased in size, had larger and more metachromatic cytoplasmic granules, and increased their total cellular protein about four-fold. Tryptase activity increased …

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Fertilization And Mouse Embryo Development In The Presence Of Midazolam, Maria Leavitt Apr 1991

Fertilization And Mouse Embryo Development In The Presence Of Midazolam, Maria Leavitt

Biological Sciences Theses & Dissertations

The development of mouse embryos in vitro has provided a unique opportunity for the study of cellular differentiation and the influence of various agents on differentiation. Midazolam is administered for conscious sedation in the recovery of human ova. In the Norfolk IVF Program, midazolam is found in varying concentrations in follicular fluid. Mouse embryo formation and development has been used to test midazolam's effect on fertilization and early development as a model of human in vitro fertilization and development. Midazolam' s effects were studied using varying doses of midazolam on (1) in vivo fertilization and subsequent cell division, and (2) …

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Cloning And Immunogenicity Of A Chlamydia Trachomatis 36 Kilodalton Recombinant Gene Product In Escherichia Coli, Hector Rivera Jan 1991

Cloning And Immunogenicity Of A Chlamydia Trachomatis 36 Kilodalton Recombinant Gene Product In Escherichia Coli, Hector Rivera

Theses Digitization Project

No abstract provided.

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Photoreactivation Of Uv-Induced Damage In G1 Phase Xenopus Cells That Leads To A Sister Chromatid Exchanged And Cell Death, Dawn Laswell, Jennifer Barber, H. Gaston Griggs Jan 1991

Photoreactivation Of Uv-Induced Damage In G1 Phase Xenopus Cells That Leads To A Sister Chromatid Exchanged And Cell Death, Dawn Laswell, Jennifer Barber, H. Gaston Griggs

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Experiments were conducted with the A87 Xenopus tissue culture cell line which centered on use of the line's efficient photoreactivation (PR) mechanism to: (1) determine the extent to which sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs), induced by exposing early G1 phase cells to low UV fluenced, are photoreactivable, and (2) determine the extent to which the photoreactivable SCEs resulting from these low UV fluences constitute lethal lesions. For the first determination, UV fluences - SCE frequency relations and UV fluence + PR fluence - SCE frequency relations were established for UV fluences in the range 0-12 J/m2 and a single PR fluence …

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Cell Surface-Binding Sites For Progesterone Mediate Calcium Uptake In Human Sperm, Peter F. Blackmore, Joseph Neulan, Frank Lattanzio, Stephen J. Beebe Jan 1991

Cell Surface-Binding Sites For Progesterone Mediate Calcium Uptake In Human Sperm, Peter F. Blackmore, Joseph Neulan, Frank Lattanzio, Stephen J. Beebe

Bioelectrics Publications

Recent studies (e.g. Blackmore, P. F., Beebe, S. J., Danforth, D. R., and Alexander, N.) (1990) J. Biol. Chem. 265, 1376-1380) have shown that in human sperm, progesterone produces a rapid increase in intracellular free calcium ([Ca2+]i) and an induction of the acrosome reaction (e.g. Osman, R. A., Andria, M. L., Jones, A. D., and Meizel, S. (1989) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 160, 828-833). In this study, the location of progesterone receptors on the cell surface of human sperm was identified using progesterone immobilized on bovine serum albumin (BSA) (progesterone 3-(O-carboxymethyl)oxime:BSA) as well as progesterone and its 3-O-carboxymethyloxime derivative. Using …

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The Effects Of Glutathione On Human Keratinocyte, Manisha N. Trivedi Jan 1991

The Effects Of Glutathione On Human Keratinocyte, Manisha N. Trivedi

Theses and Dissertations in Biomedical Sciences

Cultured human keratinocytes were grown in vitro to assess the effects of glutathione, a thiol, on human keratinocyte proliferation. Single keratinocytes were harvested from newborn (greater than 5 days old) foreskin and were grown in culture flasks such that experiments could be performed in approximately 2 to 3 weeks. In order to evaluate the effects of glutathione (GSH) on keratinocyte growth, experiments were performed to determine the growth curve, plating efficiency, and incorporation of radiolabelled thymidine. Growth studies, performed with different concentrations of glutathione, revealed that 0.065 μM was the most effective concentration when compared to control cell cultures, and …

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