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2026

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Full-Text Articles in Biology

Herbivore Cues And Plant Damage-Associated-Compounds Jointly Alter Seed Germination And Seedling Herbivory, Katherine Overstrum Jan 2026

Herbivore Cues And Plant Damage-Associated-Compounds Jointly Alter Seed Germination And Seedling Herbivory, Katherine Overstrum

Open Access Master's Theses

While plant defense against herbivory is primarily thought to occur following attack, there is also evidence that plants can detect and respond to pre-attack cues. These cues include chemicals released from damaged conspecifics and kairomones, non-attack-related substances emitted by an herbivore that plants can detect and use to their benefit. It is unknown, however, whether or how plants react to the interaction of these pre-attack cues. We measured germination, growth, and herbivore susceptibility of B. nigra seedlings in an experiment that crossed the presence/absence of crushed B. nigra leaves with the presence/absence of mucus of a generalist herbivore, A. subfuscus …

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Using Camera-Based Unmarked Spatial Capture-Recapture Modeling To Estimate Reintroduced Elk (Cervus Canadensis) Population Parameters And Distribution In Southeastern Kentucky, Claire Marie Muia Jan 2026

Using Camera-Based Unmarked Spatial Capture-Recapture Modeling To Estimate Reintroduced Elk (Cervus Canadensis) Population Parameters And Distribution In Southeastern Kentucky, Claire Marie Muia

Theses and Dissertations--Forestry and Natural Resources

Estimation of population parameters is important for wildlife management decisions. Elk reintroduced to southeastern Kentucky experienced early irruptive population growth and are currently monitored using a statewide harvest-based statistical population reconstruction model (SPR) across the Kentucky Elk Restoration Zone (KERZ). Because the SPR model is spatially coarse and difficult to scale to the smaller management units comprising the KERZ, we conducted a spatially explicit capture-recapture study using a clustered camera-trapping array deployed for 10 weeks from June–August 2024 to estimate elk population parameters within Management Unit 4. Due to a lack of resights of GPS-marked elk, population parameters were estimated …

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Identifying Controls On The Biodegradation Of Dissolved Organic Matter To Inform Microbial Fuel Cell Applications, Lily N. O'Hagan Jan 2026

Identifying Controls On The Biodegradation Of Dissolved Organic Matter To Inform Microbial Fuel Cell Applications, Lily N. O'Hagan

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports

Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) harness dissolved organic matter (DOM) biodegradation to generate power. To evaluate effects of DOM source, nutrients (nitrate and phosphate), and oxygen on DOM biodegradation, we conducted 4-day DOM biodegradation experiments with water and sediments from the Chesapeake Bay. Compared to soil-derived DOM, algal-derived DOM composition changed more and nearly doubled carbon dioxide (CO2) production, peak CO2 rates, and carbon removal, indicating MFC site selection should target regions with algal-rich DOM. Aerobic conditions increased CO2 production by ca. 16%, doubled peak CO2 rates, and reached peak rates 1 hour faster than anaerobic …

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Targeted And Screening Based Approaches To Analyze Drm Transcriptional Repressor Complex Activity In Caenorhabditis Elegans, Emily Washeleski Jan 2026

Targeted And Screening Based Approaches To Analyze Drm Transcriptional Repressor Complex Activity In Caenorhabditis Elegans, Emily Washeleski

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports

The molecular machinery that control the eukaryotic cell cycle, specifically the processes that mediate the switch between cellular division or quiescence, are essential for cellular and organismal viability. However, how the same machinery integrates with developmental or differentiation programs is less well understood. In Caenorhabditis elegans, the 8-subunit DRM complex (for Dp, Rb and MuvB), whose subunits belong to the Synthetic Mulitivulva (SynMuv) B class genes, is a central regulator of the cell cycle but also prevents inappropriate cell fate specification. The conserved mammalian DREAM complex (for Dp, Rb, E2F, And MuvB) is best known as a transcriptional repressor …

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Systematics Of Disk-Winged Bats (Thyroptera), Courtney L. Klumpp Jan 2026

Systematics Of Disk-Winged Bats (Thyroptera), Courtney L. Klumpp

Capstone Showcase

This thesis investigates the evolutionary relationships among disk-winged bats in the genus Thyroptera, a small group of Neotropical bats known for the adhesive suction disks on their wings and feet that allow them to roost inside tightly rolled leaves. The distinctive morphology and behavior of these bats have not been extensively documented, and their phylogenetic relationships remain only partially resolved. The goal of this research is to better understand how these species are related to one another and to determine whether the five recognized species of Thyroptera form a single monophyletic group. To address this question, morphological and genetic …

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Lead Biosorption By Oceanobacillus Profundus Kbz 3-2: Strategies For Bioremediation Systems In Kabwe, Danielle S. Desmarteau Jan 2026

Lead Biosorption By Oceanobacillus Profundus Kbz 3-2: Strategies For Bioremediation Systems In Kabwe, Danielle S. Desmarteau

Scripps Senior Theses

Lead contamination remains a significant global public health concern, particularly in Kabwe, Zambia, the site of a former lead mining operation. Bioremediation, which utilizes biological materials and processes to remove environmental contaminants, represents a promising approach for addressing lead pollution. However, the development of effective bioremediation systems requires a detailed understanding of the mechanisms underlying metal removal and the feasibility of implementation in low-resource settings. Oceanobacillus profundus KBZ 3-2, a bacterium isolated from Kabwe mine waste, has demonstrated the ability to remove lead from aqueous environments. This study proposes to investigate the mechanism of lead biosorption by this organism, …

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Assessing The Effect Of Wildfire-Specific Air Pollutants On Copd Hospitalizations In Los Angeles County, Kimberly Young Jan 2026

Assessing The Effect Of Wildfire-Specific Air Pollutants On Copd Hospitalizations In Los Angeles County, Kimberly Young

Scripps Senior Theses

As the fourth leading cause of death in the world, chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder (COPD) is one of the most severe respiratory disorders characterized by airway inflammation.  For the past two decades, climate change has exacerbated the prevalence of wildfires in California due to rising temperatures and lower precipitation. With the influx of wildfires, poor atmospheric air quality continues to be a serious health problem in the Los Angeles area, especially after the recent Eaton fire in January of 2025. My study hopes to assess whether the air pollutants particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5), particulate matter 10 (PM10 …

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Mitochondrial Efficiency: Bridging Early-Life Environment And Organismal Performance, Kayla E. Lichtner Jan 2026

Mitochondrial Efficiency: Bridging Early-Life Environment And Organismal Performance, Kayla E. Lichtner

Master’s Theses

Mitochondria operate at the forefront of organismal-environmental interactions. Despite remarkable diversity in mitochondrial function both within and among species, all mitochondria serve a universal role in facilitating the flow of energy between organisms and their environment. Energetic efficiency, the way in which organisms assimilate and transform environmental substrate into physiological currency, is a major determinant of organismal performance. Although previous studies have shown that early-life environment can have lasting effects on metabolism, the underlying mechanisms driving the emergence of mitochondrial phenotypic variation remain poorly understood. Leach’s storm-petrels (Hydrobates leucorhous) provide a valuable opportunity to investigate longitudinal hypotheses of …

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Effect Of Jet Lag And Nighttime Shifts On The Circadian Rhythm Of Humans, Mahd Adrees Jan 2026

Effect Of Jet Lag And Nighttime Shifts On The Circadian Rhythm Of Humans, Mahd Adrees

Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects

This project reviews the circadian rhythm and its disruption by jet lag and nighttime shifts. It discusses the effects on melatonin, sleep quality, and physiological symptoms using articles from Google Scholar. Key studies, mechanisms, and statistics will support these points. A discussion follows, comparing and contrasting the various literature sources. This review aims to raise awareness and summarize strategies to reduce jet lag and nighttime shift effects, improving wellbeing.

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Ethanol And Iron Absorption Interactions Within Crayfish Invertebrate Models, James Rollman, Andrew Wissmar Jan 2026

Ethanol And Iron Absorption Interactions Within Crayfish Invertebrate Models, James Rollman, Andrew Wissmar

Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects

Analysis of the effects of alcohol consumption (ethyl-alcohol) on iron absorption within crayfish model. The use of tube-feeding provides a novel, more precise output, and less invasive procedure compared to the traditional approach of dissolving the target substance in tank water and measuring hemolymph changes. The project aims to determine the extent to which alcohol influences iron absorption. Ultimately, the choice of iron reflect the future potential to aid in research with genetic hemochromatosis and or Iron overload.

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Characterizing The Role Off The Sp1/Klf Transcription Factor Huckebein In The Drosophila Melanogaster Ventral Nerve Cord, Benjamin Almond Jan 2026

Characterizing The Role Off The Sp1/Klf Transcription Factor Huckebein In The Drosophila Melanogaster Ventral Nerve Cord, Benjamin Almond

Distinguished Undergraduate Researcher Program

Over the course of embryonic development, the ectodermal cell layer gives rise to a vast array of neurons and glia patterned across the central nervous system (CNS). Neurulation and specification is achieved in the ectoderm through temporospatial patterns of transcription factor (TF) expression, many of which are conserved across evolutionary history. These conserved regulatory motifs allow the use of Drosophila melanogaster to study the mechanisms of neurodevelopment across the animal kingdom. The huckebein (hkb) gene encodes a conserved SP1/KLF TF known to play important roles in cell cycle regulation, tissue morphogenesis during tubular organ development, and gut specification in Drosophila. …

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Analysis Of The Pervasiveness Of Per- And Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (Pfas) And Their Relationship With The Incidence Of Neurological Health Disorders, Emma Waters Jan 2026

Analysis Of The Pervasiveness Of Per- And Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (Pfas) And Their Relationship With The Incidence Of Neurological Health Disorders, Emma Waters

2026 Research Poster Competition

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a contaminant of emerging concern due to their chemical structure that afford a plethora of issues with regards to degradation on environmental and metabolic fronts. PFAS are amphiphilic and contain a carbon-fluorine bond, which complicates their movement through the environment and ensures their longevity in biological systems. Their persistence in biological systems has led them to be marked as “forever chemicals” and have emphasized them as a priority area for research in recent years. Current work on PFAS relationships to human health have pointed to some causes for concern. Much of the research on …

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Satisfaction With Physician Communication, Joyce Ho Jan 2026

Satisfaction With Physician Communication, Joyce Ho

2026 Research Poster Competition

Problem. Provider-patient communication can be sorted into two approaches: patient-centered communication (PCC) and doctor-centered communication (DCC). PCC is characterized by a patient focus, in which patients are encouraged to participate in decisions regarding their care, while DCC is characterized by a doctor focus, in which the physician acts as an informational source for patients (Bientzle et al. 2017). Physician communication style is known to be influenced by gender. Female physicians are more likely to utilize PCC than their male counterparts (Roter 2004). Female patients are more likely to have higher measures of PCC in interactions with their physicians (Bertakis et …

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Long Biogeographic Separation Limits Arthropod Associations On Eastern Asian Plants Introduced To Eastern North America, Robert J. Warren Jan 2026

Long Biogeographic Separation Limits Arthropod Associations On Eastern Asian Plants Introduced To Eastern North America, Robert J. Warren

Biology Faculty Datasets

No abstract provided.

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Bees Carry More Exposed Pollen Than Flies And On Body Regions Well Placed For Floral Contact, Robert Warren Jan 2026

Bees Carry More Exposed Pollen Than Flies And On Body Regions Well Placed For Floral Contact, Robert Warren

Biology Faculty Datasets

Pollination studies generally emphasize bees, although flies are abundant flower visitors and may remain active under conditions in which bees do not forage. Pollination success depends not only on how much pollen is carried but also if the pollen is carried on body surfaces likely to contact flower stigmas. We compared exposed pollen load and its body placement on 527 bee (Hymenoptera) and fly (Diptera) specimens collected in a commercial apple orchard. Pollen was quantified by direct microscope counts for 376 specimens and hemocytometer wash counts for an additional 151 specimens. Pollen concentrated within scopae and corbiculae, which is less …

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Characterization Of The Human Thnatomicrobiome By Decomposition Stage Through Bioinformatic And Meta Data Analysis, Ashton C. Laughlin Jan 2026

Characterization Of The Human Thnatomicrobiome By Decomposition Stage Through Bioinformatic And Meta Data Analysis, Ashton C. Laughlin

Biology Theses

Estimating the postmortem interval (PMI) is one of the most crucial factors in forensic death investigations. Recent advances in forensic microbiology have led to increased interest in using the study of the human postmortem microbiome, or “thanatomicrobiome,” to improve PMI estimates. In addition to current PMI estimation techniques, microbial community succession could serve as a valuable tool in estimating PMI. Further research is needed to develop a comprehensive understanding of the human postmortem microbiome. The purpose of this study is to contribute to the expansion of this tool by reviewing the current literature and analyzing previously published data using the …

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Data And Code From: Migration Speed, Timing, And Long-Term Shifts In Age Structure In North American Passerines During Fall Migration, Dylan M. Osterhaus, Martha J. Desmond, Timothy F. Wright Jan 2026

Data And Code From: Migration Speed, Timing, And Long-Term Shifts In Age Structure In North American Passerines During Fall Migration, Dylan M. Osterhaus, Martha J. Desmond, Timothy F. Wright

Biology: Datasets

No abstract provided.

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A Phylogenetic Analysis Of Avian-Associated Ixodes Scapularis & Implications For Lyme Disease, Nora Correiro Jan 2026

A Phylogenetic Analysis Of Avian-Associated Ixodes Scapularis & Implications For Lyme Disease, Nora Correiro

Honors Theses

Lyme disease, caused by the bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi and transmitted by the blacklegged tick Ixodes scapularis, is the most common vector-borne illness in the United States. Whereas Lyme disease is concentrated in the northeastern US, I. scapularis exists in the southeast as well, and the ticks in these regions generally separate into northern and southern evolutionary lineages. Although recent analyses suggest unidirectional and limited gene flow from north to south due to behavioral, ecological, and environmental barriers, the mechanisms underlying the persistence of this limited gene flow remain unclear. This study examines whether bird-mediated dispersal may facilitate south-to-north gene …

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Biological Use Of Molybdenum And Tungsten Stems Back To 3.4 Billion Years Ago, Rika Anderson, Aya S. Klos, Morgan S. Sobol, Joanne S. Boden, Eva E. Stüeken, Kurt O. Konhauser, Betül Kaçar Jan 2026

Biological Use Of Molybdenum And Tungsten Stems Back To 3.4 Billion Years Ago, Rika Anderson, Aya S. Klos, Morgan S. Sobol, Joanne S. Boden, Eva E. Stüeken, Kurt O. Konhauser, Betül Kaçar

Biology Faculty Work

The biological significance of the transition metal molybdenum (Mo) lies in its function at the catalytic center of several enzymes that drive a wide spectrum of redox reactions underlying global biogeochemical cycles, yet a paradox persists. While modern life ubiquitously relies on Mo, geochemical evidence suggests that its availability in early Earth’s anoxic oceans was extremely limited. Modern organisms can use Mo down to trace levels; however, the rates of Mo-dependent metabolisms slow down when Mo availability decreases, posing fundamental questions about the extent to which changing Mo abundances shaped the evolution of molybdoenzymes, and when early life began harnessing …

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The Underappreciated Role Of Rifampin In Shaping The Epidemiology Of Rt027-Like Clostridioides Difficile Lineages, Isabella A. Tickler, Richard V. Goering, Fred Tenover Jan 2026

The Underappreciated Role Of Rifampin In Shaping The Epidemiology Of Rt027-Like Clostridioides Difficile Lineages, Isabella A. Tickler, Richard V. Goering, Fred Tenover

Biology Faculty Publications

The global emergence and dissemination of epidemic Clostridioides difficile ribotype 027 (RT027) and related lineages illustrate the role of antimicrobial pressure in shaping the epidemiology of this pathogen. We propose a hierarchical model in which fluoroquinolones (FQs) served as the dominant selective force underlying the worldwide expansion of RT027-related strains, with rifampin and rifamycins acting as secondary modifiers that promoted persistence and regional dominance. ©

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Horizontal Gene Transfer And Reciprocal Chimerism In Compactonostoc (Nostocales, Cyanobacteriophyta) With Evidence For Two New Species In The Genus., Daniel Al Fatayri Jan 2026

Horizontal Gene Transfer And Reciprocal Chimerism In Compactonostoc (Nostocales, Cyanobacteriophyta) With Evidence For Two New Species In The Genus., Daniel Al Fatayri

Masters Essays

The genus Nostoc has long been known to be polyphyletic, and recent taxonomic work has segregated several Nostoc-like lineages into new genera, including Compactonostoc. Until now, Compactonostoc shennongjiaensis was the only described species in the genus. In a survey of biological soil crusts from Santa Catalina Island (California, USA), we isolated two Nostoc- like strains that phylogenetically affiliate with Compactonostoc. A polyphasic approach based on morphology, 16S rRNA gene phylogeny, 16S–23S ITS secondary structure, and cloned ribosomal operons revealed that each strain harbors two highly divergent ribosomal operon types. One operon (Type 2) is closely related to C. shennongjiaensis and …

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Noninvasive Monitoring Techniques: The Use Of Scat-Sourced Dna And Camera Traps To Monitor Mammalian Carnivore Species At The Ucf Arboretum, Zachary Montealegre Jan 2026

Noninvasive Monitoring Techniques: The Use Of Scat-Sourced Dna And Camera Traps To Monitor Mammalian Carnivore Species At The Ucf Arboretum, Zachary Montealegre

Honors Undergraduate Theses

The 800-acre University of Central Florida Arboretum Natural Lands functions as a conservation area, recreational space, and research site, making it essential to understand the ecological community it supports. Traditional wildlife monitoring methods such as mark-recapture and blood sampling can be effective but may stress animals or disrupt natural behaviors. To minimize these impacts, this study used non-invasive techniques, specifically scat-based DNA analysis and camera trapping, to assess carnivore species' presence. Two ecologically similar sites within the Arboretum were selected. Suspected carnivore scat was collected twice weekly over two months using both structured and opportunistic sampling. DNA was extracted, amplified, …

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Characterizing Gut Microbial Communities And Symbiont-Mediated Detoxification In Herbivorous Insects, Rachel C. Vargas Jan 2026

Characterizing Gut Microbial Communities And Symbiont-Mediated Detoxification In Herbivorous Insects, Rachel C. Vargas

Biology Dissertations

Insect gut bacteria are vital contributors to host physiology, yet the broader prevalence and fitness implications of symbiont-mediated detoxification remain poorly understood. This thesis investigates these dynamics across three research chapters. Chapter 1 uses 16S rRNA sequencing to characterize how grasshopper gut microbial communities vary across species, dietary breadths, and gastrointestinal segments. Chapter 2 evaluates the detoxification capacity of over 150 bacterial isolates from diverse herbivores against the plant allelochemicals phenethyl isothiocyanate, rutin, and chlorogenic acid to determine if host dietary specialization predicts microbial metabolic ability. Finally, Chapter 3 employs fitness bioassays to test whether inoculating generalist herbivores with detoxifying …

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Factors Affecting Detection Of A Cryptic Ambush Predator Using Camera Traps, With Implications For Snake Monitoring, Sarah Elizabeth Ebert Jan 2026

Factors Affecting Detection Of A Cryptic Ambush Predator Using Camera Traps, With Implications For Snake Monitoring, Sarah Elizabeth Ebert

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

Camera traps are becoming increasingly popular in wildlife research because they can be deployed for long time periods with little maintenance and are much less invasive than traditional trapping methods. However, they are primarily used to study large mammals and have not been extensively tested for snake species, many of which are cryptic and understudied. The Adapted-Hunt Drift Fence Technique (AHDriFT) arrays were designed to improve detection of herpetofauna by attaching camera traps to drift fences. In the summer of 2022, we installed 20 AHDriFT arrays at the Marine Corps Recruit Depot Parris Island in coastal South Carolina where we …

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Effectiveness Of Walleye Stocking In Winter Kill Lakes, Tyler Haus Jan 2026

Effectiveness Of Walleye Stocking In Winter Kill Lakes, Tyler Haus

Journal of Earth and Life Science

Winter kill events, marked by extensive fish mortality due to hypoxic conditions under the ice, are a common phenomenon in shallow eutrophic lakes, especially in the northern lakes in the northern United States. These events can drastically alter fish communities and often result in the elimination of top predators. Though these lakes will typically slowly bounce back to what they were in a couple of years. This study evaluates the effectiveness of walleye, Sander vitreus, stocking in lakes after a winter kill. For this study, four known winter kill lakes that are consistently stocked with walleye were studied. Pre- …

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Assessing Urban–Rural Differences In Largemouth Bass Abundance In Minnesota, Jonathan Gates Jan 2026

Assessing Urban–Rural Differences In Largemouth Bass Abundance In Minnesota, Jonathan Gates

Journal of Earth and Life Science

Urbanization can significantly alter freshwater ecosystems and influence sport fish populations. This study examined differences in largemouth bass Micropterus nigricans catch-per-unit-effort (CPUE) between urban and rural lakes in Minnesota and evaluated temporal changes between 2000–2010 and 2011–2021. Forty lakes (20 urban, 20 rural) were selected using Minnesota Department of Natural Resources fisheries survey data. Lakes were classified using NLCD 2019 land cover data, with ≥10% developed land designated as urban. Nonparametric analyses (Wilcoxon rank-sum and signed-rank tests) were used to assess spatial and temporal differences in CPUE. Results showed that rural lakes had consistently higher median CPUE than urban lakes …

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Statewide Northern Pike Response To Minnesota’S 2018 Regulation Change, Elijah Wozniak Jan 2026

Statewide Northern Pike Response To Minnesota’S 2018 Regulation Change, Elijah Wozniak

Journal of Earth and Life Science

Management of northern pike (Esox lucius) is challenging because it attempts to balance ecological sustainability with angler interests. Northern pike often stunt their own growth by diminishing the size and abundance of prey fish, their food source. Anglers are often displeased when small pike occur in high population densities. In response to populations of small northern pike, the DNR implemented a new, statewide northern pike regulation in 2018. The objective of this study was to determine whether the regulation successfully changed the mean weight, length, and CPUE of northern pike in Minnesota. The secondary objective was to test …

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Neonicotinoid Bioaccumulation In Bluegill And Bullhead Within Lake Julia And Lake Zumwalde, Jake Stuber Jan 2026

Neonicotinoid Bioaccumulation In Bluegill And Bullhead Within Lake Julia And Lake Zumwalde, Jake Stuber

Journal of Earth and Life Science

Brown Bullhead Ameiurus nebulosus, Yellow Bullhead Ameiurus natalis, and Bluegill Lepomis macrochirus are unique in their stark differences. Bullhead are scaleless bottom feeders that can tolerate high pollution and low O2 conditions. In contrast, Bluegill are scaled, aggressive nesters and are less tolerant of high pollutants or low-oxygen conditions. Among these pollutants include a class of chemicals called neonicotinoids (hereafter referred to as neonics). Neonics are a class of insecticides primarily used within agriculture and pest management. Due to the effectiveness, application has escalated on a global scale. They have been well documented by many toxicology assessments. …

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Comparison Of Calcified Structures To Estimate Ages Of Northern Pike Esox Lucius In Various Lakes, Kaed Rauk Jan 2026

Comparison Of Calcified Structures To Estimate Ages Of Northern Pike Esox Lucius In Various Lakes, Kaed Rauk

Journal of Earth and Life Science

Northern pike Esox lucius are a dominant predatory fish in many aquatic systems. They can have significant impacts on the ecosystems they inhabit and are also a popular game fish among anglers. However, northern pike are a difficult species to age accurately. This study aimed to compare calcified aging structures to identify trends and determine which structure provides the most accurate age estimates. A total of 119 northern pike were sampled, and multiple structures from each fish were independently aged by two readers. The coefficient of variation (CV) was calculated for each structure to assess precision. Sectioned sagittal otoliths exhibited …

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Size Structure Comparison Of Bluegill In Lakes With And Without Special Regulations, Jenna Lawin Jan 2026

Size Structure Comparison Of Bluegill In Lakes With And Without Special Regulations, Jenna Lawin

Journal of Earth and Life Science

Lots of individuals have mixed feelings about special regulations for all sorts of game fish species such as northern pike Esox lucius, crappie Pomoxis spp., sunfish Lepomis spp., and so on. One species commonly sought after by many is bluegill Lepomis macrochirus. Bluegill are often deemed easy to find, catch, and clean. This study looks at three different categories of lakes (all lakes contain bluegill populations). The three categories are lakes with a five sunfish limit, lakes with a ten sunfish limit, and lakes without any special regulations. This study provides valuable insight into the size …

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