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2024

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Articles 1171 - 1200 of 1632

Full-Text Articles in Biology

The Spliceosome-Associated Protein Cwc15 Promotes Mirna Biogenesis In Arabidopsis, Bangjun Zhou, Huihui Yu, Yong Xue, Mu Li, Chi Zhang, Bin Yu Feb 2024

The Spliceosome-Associated Protein Cwc15 Promotes Mirna Biogenesis In Arabidopsis, Bangjun Zhou, Huihui Yu, Yong Xue, Mu Li, Chi Zhang, Bin Yu

School of Biological Sciences: Faculty Publications

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a key role in regulating gene expression and their biogenesis is precisely controlled through modulating the activity of microprocessor. Here, we report that CWC15, a spliceosome-associated protein, acts as a positive regulator of miRNA biogenesis. CWC15 binds the promoters of genes encoding miRNAs (MIRs), promotes their activity, and increases the occupancy ofDNA-dependent RNA polymerases atMIR promoters, suggesting that CWC15 positively regulates the transcription of primary miRNA transcripts (pri-miRNAs). In addition, CWC15 interacts with Serrate (SE) and HYL1, two key components of microprocessor, and is required for efficient primiRNA processing and the HYL1-pri-miRNA interaction. Moreover, CWC15 interacts with …

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Characterizing The Causal Role Of Svep1 In Human Disease, Jared S. Elenbaas Feb 2024

Characterizing The Causal Role Of Svep1 In Human Disease, Jared S. Elenbaas

Arts & Sciences Graduate Student Theses and Dissertations

Sushi, von Willebrand factor type A, EGF and pentraxin domain containing 1 (SVEP1) is a poorly understood, putative extracellular matrix protein. Several human traits and diseases are associated with SVEP1, including coronary artery disease, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, glaucoma, dementia, longevity, and platelet reactivity. This dissertation establishes a causal link between SVEP1 and human disease using Mendelian randomization and mouse models. It also provides insights into the disease mechanisms of the protein, including a novel interaction between SVEP1 and the orphan receptor Platelet endothelial aggregation receptor 1. The relevance of this interaction to platelet biology and its potential role in …

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Mechanisms Of Electrical Substrate Reprogramming After Cardiac Radiotherapy, David Meng Zhang Feb 2024

Mechanisms Of Electrical Substrate Reprogramming After Cardiac Radiotherapy, David Meng Zhang

Arts & Sciences Graduate Student Theses and Dissertations

Ventricular tachycardia (VT) is frequently associated with morbidity in patients with heart disease and can lead to sudden cardiac death, which accounts for over 350,000 deaths per year and nearly half of all cardiovascular-related deaths in the United States. Despite its status as a major public health concern, arrhythmia management strategies are severely limited in safety and efficacy. Standards-of-care include defibrillators, anti-arrhythmic drugs, and/or ablations. Implantable cardioverter defibrillators improve survival in at-risk populations but severely reduce quality-of-life and increase risks of further-declining ventricular function. Pharmacologic interventions are limited in efficacy and have dozens of off-target effects which are major sources …

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Contribution Of Hfq To Gene Regulation And Virulence In Histophilus Somni, Dianjun Cao, Bindu Subhadra, Yue-Jia Lee, Merrilee Thoresen, Santiago Cornejo, Alicia Oliver, Amelia Woolums, Thomas J. Inzana Feb 2024

Contribution Of Hfq To Gene Regulation And Virulence In Histophilus Somni, Dianjun Cao, Bindu Subhadra, Yue-Jia Lee, Merrilee Thoresen, Santiago Cornejo, Alicia Oliver, Amelia Woolums, Thomas J. Inzana

Faculty Publications - Biological Sciences

Histophilus somni is one of the predominant bacterial pathogens responsible for bovine respiratory and systemic diseases in cattle. Despite the identification of numerous H. somni virulence factors, little is known about the regulation of such factors. The post-transcriptional regulatory protein Hfq may play a crucial role in regulation of components that affect bacterial virulence. The contribution of Hfq to H. somni phenotype and virulence was investigated following creation of an hfq deletion mutant of H. somni strain 2336 (designated H. somni 2336Δhfq). A comparative analysis of the mutant to the wild-type strain was carried out by examining protein and carbohydrate …

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Investigations Of The Eutectic Formation And Skin Rejuvenation By Hyaluronan - Kojic Acid Dipalmitate System, Syed Waqar Hussain Shah, Sumbal Imran, Iram Bibi, Kashif Ali, Nadia Bashir Feb 2024

Investigations Of The Eutectic Formation And Skin Rejuvenation By Hyaluronan - Kojic Acid Dipalmitate System, Syed Waqar Hussain Shah, Sumbal Imran, Iram Bibi, Kashif Ali, Nadia Bashir

Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

Eutectic phenomenon has been investigated in binary system based on biopolymer hyaluronan (HN) and kojic acid dipalmitate (KAD). Solid-liquid phase diagram showed a significant dependence of melting points on weight fraction of KAD up to KAD < 0.5. A negligible regain to melting temperature of pure KAD occurred later. Simulations of molecular mechanics using a four-unit segment of HN and KAD revealed the interaction between carbonyl of KAD with 4-OH on N-acetylglucosamine unit of oligomer. Infrared vibrational spectroscopy also endorsed the existence of a weakly interacting system. Such behavior was expected due to steric hinderance and rigidity of biopolymer. The thermal decomposition temperature of HN (i.e., 215 °C) was increased to 322 °C in HK50 having HN and KAD in 1:50 w/w. Bioelectric impedance analysis revealed that these green materials could promote skin health in humans.

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Synthesis And Characterization Of Renewable Heterogeneous Catalyst Zno Supported Biogenic Silica From Pineapple Leaves Ash For Sustainable Biodiesel Conversion, Nadila Pratiwi, Suriati Eka Putri, Yulia Shinta, Arya Ibnu Batara, Diana Eka Pratiwi, Abd Rahman, Nur Ahmad, Heryanto Heryanto Feb 2024

Synthesis And Characterization Of Renewable Heterogeneous Catalyst Zno Supported Biogenic Silica From Pineapple Leaves Ash For Sustainable Biodiesel Conversion, Nadila Pratiwi, Suriati Eka Putri, Yulia Shinta, Arya Ibnu Batara, Diana Eka Pratiwi, Abd Rahman, Nur Ahmad, Heryanto Heryanto

Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

This study reports on the first case of the low-cost and environmentally friendly ZnO/SiO2 heterogeneous catalyst from pineapple leaves ash (PLA). Catalyst shows excellent performance in catalyzing the transesterification of waste cooking oil (WCO) with methanol for biodiesel conversion. This study focuses on assessing the influence of Zn content on physicochemical characteristics, using XRD, FTIR, SEM, and N2 adsorption-desorption methods. In addition, three different Zn content levels (20, 25, and 30 %wt) were applied. The results showed that all ZnO/SiO2 samples exhibited characteristics suitable for use as catalyst with an average crystallite size of 31.83-34.15 nm, and a surface area …

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Steminism: Analyzing Factors That Improve Retention Of Women In Stem, Kira Carter, Jane Kelley, Jason Vasser-Elong, Rc Patterson Feb 2024

Steminism: Analyzing Factors That Improve Retention Of Women In Stem, Kira Carter, Jane Kelley, Jason Vasser-Elong, Rc Patterson

Dissertations

Our co-authored research ‘Steminism: Analyzing Factors That Improve Retention for Women as STEM Majors’ analyzed factors that contributed to the retention of women in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) programs at Missouri University of Science & Technology (Missouri S&T). Women make up half of the US population, and while careers in (STEM) are an integral part of the US economy, women are underrepresented in these career fields. The purpose of our dissertation is to address the underrepresentation of women in STEM majors. Our methodology included homogeneous sampling to collect qualitative data. More specifically, we consulted with academic advisors and …

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Dissecting The Impact Of Medicinal Plants On Systemic Diseases, Karen Ayetiwa Feb 2024

Dissecting The Impact Of Medicinal Plants On Systemic Diseases, Karen Ayetiwa

Annual Research Symposium

For this literature review, a range of databases were used such as Google Search, PubMed, and Web of Science (mentioned all the ones you used). The search strategy used was a combination of terms such as "medicinal plant compounds," "plant polysaccharides on metabolic diseases," "effects of berberine on diabetes mellitus," " and "effects of medicinal plants on Alzheimer's." Articles chosen for review were published between 2020 and 2022, and only studies in the English language were considered. The majority of the selected studies were devised to observe and analyze the effects of medicinal plant compounds on various systemic diseases. Medicinal …

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Antibody Profiling And Predictive Modeling Discriminate Between Kaposi Sarcoma And Asymptomatic Kshv Infection, Sydney J. Bennett, Dicle Yalcin, Sara R. Privatt, Owen Ngalamika, Salum J. Lidenge, John T. West, Charles Wood Feb 2024

Antibody Profiling And Predictive Modeling Discriminate Between Kaposi Sarcoma And Asymptomatic Kshv Infection, Sydney J. Bennett, Dicle Yalcin, Sara R. Privatt, Owen Ngalamika, Salum J. Lidenge, John T. West, Charles Wood

School of Biological Sciences: Faculty Publications

Protein-level immunodominance patterns against Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), the aetiologic agent of Kaposi sarcoma (KS), have been revealed from serological probing of whole protein arrays, however, the epitopes that underlie these patterns have not been defined. We recently demonstrated the utility of phage display in high-resolution linear epitope mapping of the KSHV latency-associated nuclear antigen (LANA/ORF73). Here, a VirScan phage immunoprecipitation and sequencing approach, employing a library of 1,988 KSHV proteome-derived peptides, was used to quantify the breadth and magnitude of responses of 59 sub-Saharan African KS patients and 22 KSHV-infected asymptomatic individuals (ASY), and ultimately to support an application …

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Kenyan Free-Tailed Bats Demonstrate Seasonal Birth Pulse Asynchrony With Implications For Virus Maintenance, Tamika J. Lunn, Reilly T. Jackson, Paul W. Webala, Joseph Ogola, Kristian M. Forbes Feb 2024

Kenyan Free-Tailed Bats Demonstrate Seasonal Birth Pulse Asynchrony With Implications For Virus Maintenance, Tamika J. Lunn, Reilly T. Jackson, Paul W. Webala, Joseph Ogola, Kristian M. Forbes

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

Ecological information on wildlife reservoirs is fundamental for research targeting prevention of zoonotic infectious disease, yet basic information is lacking for many species in global hotspots of disease emergence. We provide the first estimates of synchronicity, magnitude, and timing of seasonal birthing in Mops condylurus, a putative ebolavirus host, and a co-roosting species, Mops pumilus (formerly Chaerephon pumilus). We show that population-level synchronicity of M. condylurus birthing is wide (~ 8.5 weeks) and even wider in M. pumilus (> 11 weeks). This is predicted to promote the likelihood of filovirus persistence under conditions of bi-annual birthing (two births …

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Butterworth Filter To Reduce Reactivity Fluctuations, Daniel Suescún-Díaz, Geraldyne Ule-Duque, Luis E. Cardoso-Páez Feb 2024

Butterworth Filter To Reduce Reactivity Fluctuations, Daniel Suescún-Díaz, Geraldyne Ule-Duque, Luis E. Cardoso-Páez

Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

In this study, we introduce the calculation of reactivity in nuclear reactors. The proposed method uses the Euler-Maclaurin series to approximate the integral in the inverse equation of point kinetics. The approximation is done with the first three terms, the first term represents the approximation of a zero-order sum, the second term the trapezoidal rule and the third term the first Bernoulli number. These three terms improve the approximation, along with an estimate of the neutron density using the prompt jump approximation. To reduce neutron density fluctuations, a second-order Butterworth filter for the reactivity calculation was implemented, which offers the …

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Hybridization And Gene Expression: Beyond Differentially Expressed Genes, Anna Runemark, Emily C. Moore, Erica L. Larson Feb 2024

Hybridization And Gene Expression: Beyond Differentially Expressed Genes, Anna Runemark, Emily C. Moore, Erica L. Larson

School of Biological Sciences: Faculty Publications

Gene expression has a key role in reproductive isolation, and studies of hybrid gene expression have identified mechanisms causing hybrid sterility. Here, we review the evidence for altered gene expression following hybridization and outline the mechanisms shown to contribute to altered gene expression in hybrids. Transgressive gene expression, transcending that of both parental species, is pervasive in early generation sterile hybrids, but also frequently observed in viable, fertile hybrids. We highlight studies showing that hybridization can result in transgressive gene expression, also in established hybrid lineages or species. Such extreme patterns of gene expression in stabilized hybrid taxa suggest that …

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Current Perspectives And Challenges In The Estimation Of Fruit Juice Consumption Across The Lifecycle In Europe, Janette Walton Feb 2024

Current Perspectives And Challenges In The Estimation Of Fruit Juice Consumption Across The Lifecycle In Europe, Janette Walton

Department of Biological Sciences Publications

Fruit juice (FJ) is typically low in energy, contains natural sugars, important amounts of micronutrients and is not permitted to have added sugars/sweeteners. However, its role in a healthy diet is under scrutiny partly due to the wider adoption of the definition for free sugars in nutrition policy. This review aimed to identify data on FJ consumption from national food consumption surveys across Europe, to examine current intakes, percent consumers and its contribution to intakes of energy, total sugars, free sugars, vitamin C, folate and potassium. Data were extracted on the population mean intake of FJ and its contribution to …

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Investigating Optimal Laboratory Growth Conditions Of Gracilibacillus Halotolerans In Media Supplemented With Salt, Isaac Young Feb 2024

Investigating Optimal Laboratory Growth Conditions Of Gracilibacillus Halotolerans In Media Supplemented With Salt, Isaac Young

Annual Research Symposium

As interest continues to grow in the field of persister cells and their morphology, there arises an ever-evolving desire to further understand specific strains of bacteria that exemplify the qualities of seemingly anomalous survival regardless of anti-bacterial treatment. In the case of the Gracilibacillus halotolerans, a halotolerant extremophile extracted from the Great Salt Lake with known persistent characteristics, uncovering its optimal growth conditions was essential for future investigations. Identifying the optimal salinity for the growth of G. halotolerans will allow us to standardize our growth methods, uncover several mechanisms of saline tolerance, and add to future investigations of persistence with …

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Impairment Of The Glial Phagolysosomal System Drives Prion-Like Propagation Of Huntington’S Disease, Graham Davis Feb 2024

Impairment Of The Glial Phagolysosomal System Drives Prion-Like Propagation Of Huntington’S Disease, Graham Davis

Theses and Dissertations

The ability of glia to tightly regulate neuronal health and homeostasis in the CNS is conserved across species. Yet, despite the ability to degrade protein aggregates, glia are vulnerable to the accumulation of neurotoxic amyloid aggregates during neurodegenerative disease progress, and even exacerbate their spread. A developing narrative highlights glia as a double-edged sword in neurodegenerative diseases: initially capable of dynamically responding to amyloid aggregate-ladened dying neurons but also capable of inducing chronic inflammation and creating seeding-competent amyloid oligomers. Thus, uncovering the mechanisms that allow glia to control aggregate deposition while preventing the neurotoxic effects and seed generation is vital …

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Machine Learning Model And Molecular Docking For Screening Medicinal Plants As Hiv-1 Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors, Muthia Rahayu Iresha, Firdayani Firdayani, Agam Wira Sani, Nihayatul Karimah, Shelvi Listiana, Irfansyah Yudhi Tanasa, Arief Sartono, Ayu Masyita Feb 2024

Machine Learning Model And Molecular Docking For Screening Medicinal Plants As Hiv-1 Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors, Muthia Rahayu Iresha, Firdayani Firdayani, Agam Wira Sani, Nihayatul Karimah, Shelvi Listiana, Irfansyah Yudhi Tanasa, Arief Sartono, Ayu Masyita

Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase (HIV-1 RT) plays a significant role in viral replication and is one of the targets for anti-HIV. However, a mutation in viral strains rapidly developed the resistance of the com-pounds to the protein, reducing the effectiveness of the inhibitors. This work seeks to utilize machine learning-based quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) analysis in combination with molecular docking simulations to forecast the presence of active compounds derived from medicinal plants. Specifically, the objective is to identify com-pounds that have the potential to operate as inhibitors of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT), encompassing both wild-type and …

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Hazara University's Monocot Specimen Data In Openherbarium.Org On 20 December 2023, Mary Barkworth, Liaqat Ullah, Abdul Majid, Ghulam Mujtaba Shah, Jan Alam Feb 2024

Hazara University's Monocot Specimen Data In Openherbarium.Org On 20 December 2023, Mary Barkworth, Liaqat Ullah, Abdul Majid, Ghulam Mujtaba Shah, Jan Alam

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Northern Pakistan is interpreted here as including three administrative regions: Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Gilgit-Baltistan, and Azad Jammu and Kashmir. It is dominated by multiple mountain ranges whose valleys drain, directly or indirectly, into the Indus River. Hazara University, which is in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, was started in 2002 and its herbarium (HUP) in 2005. Digitization of the herbarium's vascular plants began in 2021 with its records being shared in OpenHerbarium and GBIF. Its online presence is now growing more rapidly than any other Pakistani herbarium. This paper summarizes the taxonomic diversity and geographic origin of its monocot holdings in 2023. In 2023, …

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Draft Genome Of Staphylococcus Capitis O112, Isolated From The Cheek Swab Of A Healthy Female, Sandra Jablonska, Alex Kula, Catherine Putonti Feb 2024

Draft Genome Of Staphylococcus Capitis O112, Isolated From The Cheek Swab Of A Healthy Female, Sandra Jablonska, Alex Kula, Catherine Putonti

Biology: Faculty Publications and Other Works

Staphylococcus capitis is a Gram-positive bacterium that is part of the normal human flora, found in multiple anatomical sites. Here, we present the 2.5-Mbp draft genome of S. capitis O112, isolated from a cheek swab collected from a healthy female.

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Foraging Rates From Metabarcoding: Predators Have Reduced Functional Responses In Wild, Diverse Prey Communities, Stella F. Uiterwaal, John Delong Feb 2024

Foraging Rates From Metabarcoding: Predators Have Reduced Functional Responses In Wild, Diverse Prey Communities, Stella F. Uiterwaal, John Delong

School of Biological Sciences: Faculty Publications

Functional responses describe foraging rates across prey densities and underlie many fundamental ecological processes. Most functional response knowledge comes from simplified lab experiments, but we do not know whether these experiments accurately represent foraging in nature. In addition, the difficulty of conducting multispecies functional response experiments means that it is unclear whether interaction strengths are weakened in the presence of multiple prey types. We developed a novel method to estimate wild predators' foraging rates from metabarcoding data and use this method to present functional responses for wild wolf spiders foraging on 27 prey families. These field functional responses were considerably …

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Symbiosis, Dysbiosis And The Impact Of Horizontal Exchange On Bacterial Microbiomes In Higher Fungus-Gardening Ants, Blake Bringhurst, Matthew J. Greenwold, Katrin Kellner, Jon N. Seal Feb 2024

Symbiosis, Dysbiosis And The Impact Of Horizontal Exchange On Bacterial Microbiomes In Higher Fungus-Gardening Ants, Blake Bringhurst, Matthew J. Greenwold, Katrin Kellner, Jon N. Seal

Biology Faculty Publications and Presentations

Advances in our understanding of symbiotic stability have demonstrated that microorganisms are key to understanding the homeostasis of obligate symbioses. Fungus-gardening ants are excellent model systems for exploring how microorganisms may be involved in symbiotic homeostasis as the host and symbionts are macroscopic and can be easily experimentally manipulated. Their coevolutionary history has been well-studied; examinations of which have depicted broad clade-to-clade specificity between the ants and fungus. Few studies hitherto have addressed the roles of microbiomes in stabilizing these associations. Here, we quantified changes in microbiome structure as a result of experimentally induced horizontal exchange of symbionts. This was …

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Exploring Definitions Of Daily Enteric Methane Emission Phenotypes For Genetic Evaluations Using A Population Of Indoor-Fed Multi-Breed Growing Cattle With Feed Intake Data, Clodgah V. Ryan, Thierry Pabiou, Deirdre C. Purfield, Donagh P. Berry, Stephen Conroy, Craig P. Murphy, Ross Evans Feb 2024

Exploring Definitions Of Daily Enteric Methane Emission Phenotypes For Genetic Evaluations Using A Population Of Indoor-Fed Multi-Breed Growing Cattle With Feed Intake Data, Clodgah V. Ryan, Thierry Pabiou, Deirdre C. Purfield, Donagh P. Berry, Stephen Conroy, Craig P. Murphy, Ross Evans

Department of Biological Sciences Publications

Genetic selection has been identified as a promising approach for reducing enteric methane (CH4) emissions; a prerequisite for genetic evaluations; however, these are estimates of the necessary genetic parameters based on a population representative of where the genetic evaluations will be used. The objective of this study was, therefore, to derive genetic parameters for a series of definitions of CH4, carbon dioxide (CO2), and dry matter intake (DMI) as well as genetic correlations between CH4, CO2, and DMI in a bid to address the paucity of studies involving methane emissions …

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Evidence That Aquaporin 11 (Aqp11) In The Spiny Dogfish (Squalus Acanthias) May Represent A Pseudogene, Christopher P. Cutler, Meghan Canicatti, Esosa Omoregie Feb 2024

Evidence That Aquaporin 11 (Aqp11) In The Spiny Dogfish (Squalus Acanthias) May Represent A Pseudogene, Christopher P. Cutler, Meghan Canicatti, Esosa Omoregie

Biology: Faculty Publications

Various attempts to amplify an AQP11 cDNA from tissues of the spiny dogfish (Squalus acanthias) were made. Two pairs of deoxy-inosine-containing degenerate primers were designed based on conserved amino acid sequences from an AQP11 alignment. These primers yielded some faint bands from gill cDNA that were sequenced. Blast searches with the sequences showed they were not AQP11. An elasmobranch AQP11 nucleotide sequence alignment was produced to identify conserved regions to make further degenerate primers. One primer pair produced a short 148 bp fragment showing particularly strong amplification in gill and intestine. It was sequenced and represented a piece of the …

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Stromal Reprogramming By Fak Inhibition Overcomes Radiation Resistance To Allow For Immune Priming And Response To Checkpoint Blockade, Varintra Lander Feb 2024

Stromal Reprogramming By Fak Inhibition Overcomes Radiation Resistance To Allow For Immune Priming And Response To Checkpoint Blockade, Varintra Lander

Arts & Sciences Graduate Student Theses and Dissertations

Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most lethal malignancies. While immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) is effective in many solid cancers, it has not been effective in PDAC. Furthermore, clinical trials combining ICB with standard of care chemo- or radio-therapy (RT), which should be able to prime anti-tumor immunity and unlock ICB, have not been overwhelmingly successful. Thus, understanding the effect of RT on PDAC tumor immunity is critical to plan better combination treatment strategies for this highly recalcitrant cancer. To elucidate if RT can prime antigen specific T cell responses, we first looked at human PDAC resections. In …

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Antioxidant, Antibacterial, And Molecular Docking Of Methyl Ferulate And Oleic Acid Produced By Aspergillus Pseudodeflectus Aumc 15761 Utilizing Wheat Bran, Ahmed Mohamed Ahmed Ali Ali Ramadan, Sabry Ahmed Hussein Zidan, Reda Mohamed Shehata, Hussein Hosny El-Sheikh, Fuad Ameen, Steven L. Stephenson, Osama Abdel-Hafeez Mohamed Al-Bedak Feb 2024

Antioxidant, Antibacterial, And Molecular Docking Of Methyl Ferulate And Oleic Acid Produced By Aspergillus Pseudodeflectus Aumc 15761 Utilizing Wheat Bran, Ahmed Mohamed Ahmed Ali Ali Ramadan, Sabry Ahmed Hussein Zidan, Reda Mohamed Shehata, Hussein Hosny El-Sheikh, Fuad Ameen, Steven L. Stephenson, Osama Abdel-Hafeez Mohamed Al-Bedak

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

Secondary metabolites (SMs) are the primary source of therapeutics and lead chemicals in medicine. They have been especially important in the creation of effective cures for conditions such as cancer, malaria, bacterial and fungal infections, neurological and cardiovascular problems, and autoimmune illnesses. In the present study, Aspergillus pseudodeflectus AUMC 15761 was demonstrated to use wheat bran in solid state fermentation (SSF) at optimum conditions (pH 7.0 at 30 °C after 10 days of incubation and using sodium nitrate as a nitrogen source) to produce methyl ferulate and oleic acid with significant antioxidant and antibacterial properties. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis …

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Impacts Of Harvest Date And Concurrent Alkali Pretreatment And Ensiling On Anaerobic Digestion Of Pennycress Biomass, Liangcheng Yang, Tuba Yasmin Lubna, Michael A. Moklak, Barsanti Gautum, Nicholas J. Heller, Robert L. Rhykerd, David E. Kopsell, John C. Sedbrook Feb 2024

Impacts Of Harvest Date And Concurrent Alkali Pretreatment And Ensiling On Anaerobic Digestion Of Pennycress Biomass, Liangcheng Yang, Tuba Yasmin Lubna, Michael A. Moklak, Barsanti Gautum, Nicholas J. Heller, Robert L. Rhykerd, David E. Kopsell, John C. Sedbrook

Faculty Publications – Biological Sciences

Pennycress (Thlaspi arvense L.) is an annual cover crop known for its exceptional cold tolerance and high oil and protein yields. Pennycress can be integrated into a corn–soybean rotation in the U.S. However, the utilization of pennycress biomass remains largely unexplored, including assessing compositional changes through its growth and organic matter digestibility. This study harvested pennycress at three growth stages, characterized the biomass for anaerobic digestion (AD), and tested the effects of concurrent alkali pretreatment and ensiling on the biomass methane yield. Results showed that the biomass harvested when the plants were undergoing senescence (“third-harvest”) had higher contents of …

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Wearable Mxene-Graphene Sensing Of Influenza And Sars-Cov-2 Virus In Air And Breath: From Lab To Clinic, Yanxiao Li, Zhekun Peng, Jiaoli Li, Congjie Wei, Shangbin Liu, Weixing Hao, Huanyu Cheng, Casey Burton, Yang Wang, Yue-Wern Huang, Chang Soo Kim, Fang Yao Stephen Hou, Donghyun (Bill) Kim, Chenglin Wu Feb 2024

Wearable Mxene-Graphene Sensing Of Influenza And Sars-Cov-2 Virus In Air And Breath: From Lab To Clinic, Yanxiao Li, Zhekun Peng, Jiaoli Li, Congjie Wei, Shangbin Liu, Weixing Hao, Huanyu Cheng, Casey Burton, Yang Wang, Yue-Wern Huang, Chang Soo Kim, Fang Yao Stephen Hou, Donghyun (Bill) Kim, Chenglin Wu

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The rapidly expanding severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and its variants demand a continuous monitoring method through portable and wearable devices. Utilizing the rich surface chemistry and high chemical-to-electrical signal conversion of 2D MXene-graphene heterostructure thin films, a field-effect-transistor (FET) sensor, which has a flexible substrate to be assembled onto the mask and combines with a Bluetooth system for wireless transmission is developed, to detect the influenza and SARS-CoV-2 viruses in air and breath. At first, the developed sensors are examined in the laboratory through direct contact with sensing targets in solution form. The results show a low …

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Multi-Agent System For Portfolio Profit Optimization For Future Stock Trading, Usha Devi, Mohan R Feb 2024

Multi-Agent System For Portfolio Profit Optimization For Future Stock Trading, Usha Devi, Mohan R

Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

Stock trading highly contributes to the economic growth of the country. The stock trading objective is to earn profits with buy/sell/hold decisions on the set of stocks in the portfolio. The portfolio optimization problem is finding the decision sequence that leads to higher profit and lower risk. Portfolio optimization is challenging due to complex price history patterns and an uncertain environment. Incorrect decisions in stock trading lead to massive losses. The proposed Multi-Agent System for Portfolio Profit Optimization (MASPPO) aims to optimize trading profit and reduce risk with accurate predictions. The proposed model integrates the Fuzzy c-means with the Deep …

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I Spy: Factors Influencing The Observation Of Oxytetracycline In Calcified Structures Of Fishes Viewed Using Standard Light And Fluorescence Microscopy, Meredith B. Pfennig, Derek P. Crane, Nate G. Smith, Dave L. Buckmeier Feb 2024

I Spy: Factors Influencing The Observation Of Oxytetracycline In Calcified Structures Of Fishes Viewed Using Standard Light And Fluorescence Microscopy, Meredith B. Pfennig, Derek P. Crane, Nate G. Smith, Dave L. Buckmeier

Biology

The antibiotic oxytetracycline (OTC) is a fluorochrome marker, and fluorescence microscopy is used to view OTC marks in fishes' calcified structures. However, OTC marks have been observed in calcified structures using standard light microscopy for multiple species. Therefore, we conducted an experiment to investigate potential factors (i.e., season, total length of fish, growth rate, and sex) influencing the observation of OTC in calcified structures (otoliths and fin rays or spines) from channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus, gray redhorse Moxostoma congestum, Guadalupe bass Mircopterus treculii, and redbreast sunfish Lepomis auritus viewed using standard light and fluorescence microscopy. OTC stains were not observed …

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Honest Signalling Of Age In A Territorial Breeder, Brian A. Hoover, Walter H. Piper Feb 2024

Honest Signalling Of Age In A Territorial Breeder, Brian A. Hoover, Walter H. Piper

Biology, Chemistry, and Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles and Research

Age often indicates phenotypic quality, ecological experience or social status in animals. Consequently, behavioural signals in territorial animals that accurately convey age to potential mates or rivals might provide useful information for both signaller and receiver about the likelihood of aggression. We tested whether male territorial yodels convey information about age in the common loon, Gavia immer. Using a sample of male loons of known age, we found that the dominant frequency of Fintro3, a dominant syllable in the beginning sequence of a male yodel, increases strongly with age, but we were unable to replicate an earlier finding linking …

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Effects Of Hemiparasites In Grassland Restorations Are Not Universal, Anna Scheidel, Victoria Borowicz Feb 2024

Effects Of Hemiparasites In Grassland Restorations Are Not Universal, Anna Scheidel, Victoria Borowicz

Faculty Publications – Biological Sciences

Root hemiparasites infiltrate the vascular tissue of host roots to acquire water and nutrients, which often reduces host growth. Hemiparasites are postulated to be keystone species in grassland communities if they suppress dominant species and increase plant community biodiversity, and ecosystem engineers if they increase nutrient accessibility for surrounding species. We examined keystone effects by evaluating species richness and evenness in 1 m2 plots in a recent prairie restoration where Castilleja sessiliflora was naturally present or absent, and in a longer-established prairie restoration with or without Pedicularis canadensis. We examined ecosystem engineer effects by determining nitrate and phosphate concentrations …

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