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2021

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Articles 1501 - 1530 of 2057

Full-Text Articles in Biology

Resolving Transcriptional States And Predicting Lineages In The Annelid Capitella Teleta Using Single-Cell Rnaseq, Abhinav Sur, Néva P. Meyer Jan 2021

Resolving Transcriptional States And Predicting Lineages In The Annelid Capitella Teleta Using Single-Cell Rnaseq, Abhinav Sur, Néva P. Meyer

Biology

Evolution and diversification of cell types has contributed to animal evolution. However, gene regulatory mechanisms underlying cell fate acquisition during development remains largely uncharacterized in spiralians. Here we use a whole-organism, single-cell transcriptomic approach to map larval cell types in the annelid Capitella teleta at 24- and 48-h post gastrulation (stages 4 and 5). We identified eight unique cell clusters (undifferentiated precursors, ectoderm, muscle, ciliary-band, gut, neurons, neurosecretory cells, and protonephridia), thus helping to identify uncharacterized molecular signatures such as previously unknown neurosecretory cell markers in C. teleta. Analysis of coregulatory programs in individual clusters revealed gene interactions that can …

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Inhibition Of Biofilm Formation By The Synergistic Action Of Egcg-S And Antibiotics, Shrameeta Shinde, Lee Lee, Tinchun Chu Jan 2021

Inhibition Of Biofilm Formation By The Synergistic Action Of Egcg-S And Antibiotics, Shrameeta Shinde, Lee Lee, Tinchun Chu

Department of Biology Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works

Biofilm, a stress-induced physiological state, is an established means of antimicrobial tolerance. A perpetual increase in multidrug resistant (MDR) infections associated with high mortality and morbidity have been observed in healthcare settings. Multiple studies have indicated that the use of natural products can prevent bacterial growth. Recent studies in the field have identified that epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), a green tea polyphenol, could disrupt bacterial biofilms. A modified lipid-soluble EGCG, epigallocatechin-3-gallate-stearate (EGCG-S), has enhanced the beneficial properties of green tea. This study focuses on utilizing EGCG-S as a novel synergistic agent with antibiotics to prevent or control biofilm. Different formulations of …

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The Effect Of Barometric Pressure, Temperature, And Precipitation On Preterm Labor In Expecting Women In South Carolina, Allison K. Fletcher Jan 2021

The Effect Of Barometric Pressure, Temperature, And Precipitation On Preterm Labor In Expecting Women In South Carolina, Allison K. Fletcher

Journal of the South Carolina Academy of Science

Each year, approximately 9.9% of infants in the United States are born prematurely at less than 37 weeks of gestation with unidentified causes. From 2014 to 2016, the total preterm birth rate rose 3%, and late preterm birth rates rose almost 4%. One source of preterm labor that has been examined in recent years is its potential correlation with meteorological phenomena, including barometric pressure, temperature, and precipitation. In September of 2019, birth data recording 322 deliveries from two South Carolina hospitals was collected along with weather data on the given dates. The changes in temperature, barometric pressure, and precipitation for …

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The Effect Of Biochar Feedstock On The Remediation Of Acidic Soils And Improvement Of Pisum Sativum V. Saccharatum Growth, Ridha Fatima Jan 2021

The Effect Of Biochar Feedstock On The Remediation Of Acidic Soils And Improvement Of Pisum Sativum V. Saccharatum Growth, Ridha Fatima

Journal of the South Carolina Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

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The Effect Of Alcalase Concentration On The Proteins From The Shells Of Litopenaeus Setiferus (White Shrimp), Liam T. Quan Jan 2021

The Effect Of Alcalase Concentration On The Proteins From The Shells Of Litopenaeus Setiferus (White Shrimp), Liam T. Quan

Journal of the South Carolina Academy of Science

Chitin is a naturally abundant polymer that also happens to be biodegradable. Chitin can be used in a variety of different products such as biodegradable plastics, papers, medical products, foods, and medical treatments. To extract chitin, shells must be demineralized and deproteinized. The goal of this experiment was to examine the effect of the protease Alcalase in the deproteinization of litopenaeus setiferus shells. The hypothesis was that if the concentration of Alcalase increased, then the absorbance of proteins in the spectrophotometer reading would increase. The null hypothesis was that if the concentration increased there would be no change in absorption. …

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The Effect Of Whey, Azadirachta Indica, And Powdered Whole Milk On Monilinia Fructicola, Evelyn Plakal Jan 2021

The Effect Of Whey, Azadirachta Indica, And Powdered Whole Milk On Monilinia Fructicola, Evelyn Plakal

Journal of the South Carolina Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

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Assembly And Operation Of An Acoustofluidic Device For Enhanced Delivery Of Molecular Compounds To Cells, Connor S. Centner, Emily M. Murphy, Bryce F. Stamp, Mariah C. Priddy, John T. Moore, Paula J. Bates, Michael Menze, Kavitha Yaddanapudi, Jonathan A. Kopechek Jan 2021

Assembly And Operation Of An Acoustofluidic Device For Enhanced Delivery Of Molecular Compounds To Cells, Connor S. Centner, Emily M. Murphy, Bryce F. Stamp, Mariah C. Priddy, John T. Moore, Paula J. Bates, Michael Menze, Kavitha Yaddanapudi, Jonathan A. Kopechek

Faculty and Staff Scholarship

Efficient intracellular delivery of biomolecules is required for a broad range of biomedical research and cell-based therapeutic applications. Ultrasound-mediated sonoporation is an emerging technique for rapid intracellular delivery of biomolecules. Sonoporation occurs when cavitation of gas-filled microbubbles forms transient pores in nearby cell membranes, which enables rapid uptake of biomolecules from the surrounding fluid. Current techniques for in vitro sonoporation of cells in suspension are limited by slow throughput, variability in the ultrasound exposure conditions for each cell, and high cost. To address these limitations, a low-cost acoustofluidic device has been developed which integrates an ultrasound transducer in a PDMS-based …

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Assessing Intervals Of Epigallocatechin Gallate (Egcg) And Cannabidiol (Cbd) On Saccharomyces Cerevisiae Cell Reproduction As A Possible Application On Cancer Cell Proliferation, Spandana Anchoori Jan 2021

Assessing Intervals Of Epigallocatechin Gallate (Egcg) And Cannabidiol (Cbd) On Saccharomyces Cerevisiae Cell Reproduction As A Possible Application On Cancer Cell Proliferation, Spandana Anchoori

Journal of the South Carolina Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

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What Can A Worm Learn? Nonlinear Categorization By Caenorhabditis Elegans Using A Hydrochloric Acid Gradient, Parth Desai Jan 2021

What Can A Worm Learn? Nonlinear Categorization By Caenorhabditis Elegans Using A Hydrochloric Acid Gradient, Parth Desai

Journal of the South Carolina Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

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Mussel Musings On The Powell River, Aggy Vanderpool Jan 2021

Mussel Musings On The Powell River, Aggy Vanderpool

Cumberland Mountain Naturalist

No abstract provided.

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Several Key Points In Territorial Ecological Restoration, Bojie Fu Jan 2021

Several Key Points In Territorial Ecological Restoration, Bojie Fu

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

The coupled Human-Natural System thinking is considered as an important theoretical basis for territorial ecological restoration. The relationships between ecological space, production space, and living space show three evolution stages in territorial governance: coordinated arrangement, systematic governance, and human-nature harmony. In this regard, coupled Human-Natural System research is necessary to set the perspectives of coupling indicators, coupling hierarchies, coupling effects and coupling models to identify the primary evaluation indicators, delineate hierarchical nested regions, decouple the spatio-temporal relationship of socialecological effects, and develop human-natural coupling models, so as to systematically support the territorial ecological restoration and facilitate the national and regional …

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Parisitology Bio 331, Michael Cerbo Jan 2021

Parisitology Bio 331, Michael Cerbo

Library Impact Statements

No abstract provided.

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Temperature But Not Ocean Acidification Affects Energy Metabolism And Enzyme Activities In The Blue Mussel, Mytilus Edulis, Omera B. Matoo, Gisela Lannig, Christian Bock, Inna M. Sokolova Jan 2021

Temperature But Not Ocean Acidification Affects Energy Metabolism And Enzyme Activities In The Blue Mussel, Mytilus Edulis, Omera B. Matoo, Gisela Lannig, Christian Bock, Inna M. Sokolova

School of Biological Sciences: Faculty Publications

1. In mosaic marine habitats, such as intertidal zones, ocean acidification (OA) is exacerbated by high variability of pH, temperature, and biological CO2 production. The nonlinear interactions among these drivers can be context-specific and their effect on organisms in these habitats remains largely unknown, warranting further investigation. 2. We were particularly interested in Mytilus edulis (the blue mussel) from intertidal zones of the Gulf of Maine (GOM), USA, for this study. GOM is a hot spot of global climate change (average sea surface temperature (SST) increasing by >0.2°C/year) with >60% decline in mussel population over the past 40 years. 3. …

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Analysis Of Global Human Gut Metagenomes Shows That Metabolic Resilience Potential For Short-Chain Fatty Acid Production Is Strongly Influenced By Lifestyle, David K. Jacobson, Tanvi P. Honap, Andrew T. Ozga, Nicolas Meda, Thérèse S. Kagoné, Hélène Carabin, Paul Spicer, Raul Y. Tito, Alexandra J. Obregon-Tito, Luis Marin Reyes, Luzmila Troncoso-Corzo, Emilio Guija-Poma, Krithivasan Sankaranarayanan Jan 2021

Analysis Of Global Human Gut Metagenomes Shows That Metabolic Resilience Potential For Short-Chain Fatty Acid Production Is Strongly Influenced By Lifestyle, David K. Jacobson, Tanvi P. Honap, Andrew T. Ozga, Nicolas Meda, Thérèse S. Kagoné, Hélène Carabin, Paul Spicer, Raul Y. Tito, Alexandra J. Obregon-Tito, Luis Marin Reyes, Luzmila Troncoso-Corzo, Emilio Guija-Poma, Krithivasan Sankaranarayanan

Biology Faculty Articles

High taxonomic diversity in non-industrial human gut microbiomes is often interpreted as beneficial; however, it is unclear if taxonomic diversity engenders ecological resilience (i.e. community stability and metabolic continuity). We estimate resilience through genus and species-level richness, phylogenetic diversity, and evenness in short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production among a global gut metagenome panel of 12 populations (n = 451) representing industrial and non-industrial lifestyles, including novel metagenomic data from Burkina Faso (n = 90). We observe significantly higher genus-level resilience in non-industrial populations, while SCFA production in industrial populations is driven by a few phylogenetically closely related species (belonging to …

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Male Fetal Sex Affects Uteroplacental Angiogenesis In Growth Restriction Mouse Model, Jessica F. Hebert, Jess A. Millar, Rahul Raghavan, Amie L. Romney, Jason Podrabsky, Monique Y. Rennie, Allison Felker, Perrie O'Tierney-Ginn, Mayu Morita, Elizabeth A. Dupriest, Terry K. Morgan Jan 2021

Male Fetal Sex Affects Uteroplacental Angiogenesis In Growth Restriction Mouse Model, Jessica F. Hebert, Jess A. Millar, Rahul Raghavan, Amie L. Romney, Jason Podrabsky, Monique Y. Rennie, Allison Felker, Perrie O'Tierney-Ginn, Mayu Morita, Elizabeth A. Dupriest, Terry K. Morgan

Biology Faculty Publications and Presentations

Abnormally increased angiotensin II activity related to maternal angiotensinogen (AGT) genetic variants, or aberrant receptor activation, is associated with small-for-gestational-age (SGA) babies and abnormal uterine spiral artery remodeling in humans. Our group studies a murine AGT gene titration transgenic (TG; 3-copies of the AGT gene) model, which has a 20% increase in AGT expression mimicking a common human AGT genetic variant (A[-6]G) associated with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and spiral artery pathology. We hypothesized that aberrant maternal AGT expression impacts pregnancy-induced uterine spiral artery angiogenesis in this mouse model leading to IUGR. We controlled for fetal sex and fetal genotype …

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Topsentinol L Trisulfate, A Marine Natural Product That Targets Basal-Like And Claudin-Low Breast Cancers, Nader N. El-Chaar, Thomas E. Smith, Gajendra Shrestha, Stephen R. Piccolo, Mary Kay Harper, Ryan M. Van Wagoner, Zhenyu Lu, Ashlee R. Venancio, Chris M. Ireland, Andrea H. Bild, Philip J. Moos Jan 2021

Topsentinol L Trisulfate, A Marine Natural Product That Targets Basal-Like And Claudin-Low Breast Cancers, Nader N. El-Chaar, Thomas E. Smith, Gajendra Shrestha, Stephen R. Piccolo, Mary Kay Harper, Ryan M. Van Wagoner, Zhenyu Lu, Ashlee R. Venancio, Chris M. Ireland, Andrea H. Bild, Philip J. Moos

Faculty Publications

Patients diagnosed with basal-like breast cancer suffer from poor prognosis and limited treatment options. There is an urgent need to identify new targets that can benefit patients with basal-like and claudin-low (BL-CL) breast cancers. We screened fractions from our Marine Invertebrate Compound Library (MICL) to identify compounds that specifically target BL-CL breast cancers. We identified a previously unreported trisulfated sterol, i.e., topsentinol L trisulfate (TLT), which exhibited increased efficacy against BL-CL breast cancers relative to luminal/HER2+ breast cancer. Biochemical investigation of the effects of TLT on BL-CL cell lines revealed its ability to inhibit activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) …

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Regulation Of Kv11.1 Isoform Expression By Polyadenylate Binding Protein Nuclear 1, Matthew R. Stump, Rachel T. Nguyen, Rachel H. Drgastin, Delaney Search, Quiming Gong, Zhengfeng Zhou Jan 2021

Regulation Of Kv11.1 Isoform Expression By Polyadenylate Binding Protein Nuclear 1, Matthew R. Stump, Rachel T. Nguyen, Rachel H. Drgastin, Delaney Search, Quiming Gong, Zhengfeng Zhou

Faculty Publications - Department of Biological & Molecular Science

The Kv11.1 voltage-gated potassium channel, encoded by the KCNH2 gene, conducts the rapidly activating delayed rectifier current in the heart. KCNH2 pre-mRNA undergoes alternative polyadenylation to generate two C-terminal Kv11.1 isoforms in the heart. Utilization of a poly(A) signal in exon 15 produces the full-length, functional Kv11.1a isoform, while intron 9 polyadenylation generates the C-terminally truncated, nonfunctional Kv11.1a-USO isoform. The relative expression of Kv11.1a and Kv11.1a-USO isoforms plays an important role in the regulation of Kv11.1 channel function. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that the RNA polyadenylate binding protein nuclear 1 (PABPN1) interacts with a unique 22 nt …

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Modularity Of Feedback For State-Dependent Guidance Of Navigation In Mouse Visual Cortex, Andrew M. Meier Jan 2021

Modularity Of Feedback For State-Dependent Guidance Of Navigation In Mouse Visual Cortex, Andrew M. Meier

Arts & Sciences Graduate Student Theses and Dissertations

Navigating through unpredictable environments requires an efficiently organized sensory system capable of adapting to behavioral demands. In the mammalian visual system, two adaptations which have arisen to meet these demands are parallel processing and top-down feedback of internally generated expectations and contextual information for adjusting responses to match the needs of the current behavioral task. Mouse visual cortex exhibits the latter of these organizing principles, like other mammals, in the form of a molecular layer (Layer 1) which receives feedback to contextually adapt sensory responses from the outside world. The first of these organizing principles, parallel processing streams, generally takes …

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Examining Early Interactions Between Innate Airway Resident Immune Cells And Mtb-Specific Factors During Pulmonary Infection With Mycobacterium Tuberculosis, Micah D. Dunlap Jan 2021

Examining Early Interactions Between Innate Airway Resident Immune Cells And Mtb-Specific Factors During Pulmonary Infection With Mycobacterium Tuberculosis, Micah D. Dunlap

Arts & Sciences Graduate Student Theses and Dissertations

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is the leading cause of death by an infectious agent in the world today, infecting roughly one quarter of humans. Despite this, the mechanisms of early pathogenesis and host protective innate immune responses remain poorly understood and uncharacterized.Lung resident Alveolar Macrophages (AMs) are the first host contact with Mtb bacilli after inhalation and are thus key mediators of the early pulmonary immune response. AMs are generally believed to reside entirely in the airway, but it was recently demonstrated that they have the capacity to egress and enter into granulomas during pulmonary infection with hypervirulent Mtb. Furthermore, we …

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Understanding And Exploiting Protein Allostery And Dynamics Using Molecular Simulations, Sukrit Singh Jan 2021

Understanding And Exploiting Protein Allostery And Dynamics Using Molecular Simulations, Sukrit Singh

Arts & Sciences Graduate Student Theses and Dissertations

Protein conformational landscapes contain much of the functionally relevant information that is useful for understanding biological processes at the chemical scale. Understanding and mapping out these conformational landscapescan provide valuable insight into protein behaviors and biological phenomena, and has relevance to the process of therapeutic design.While structural biology methods have been transformative in studying protein dynamics, they are limited by technicallimitations and have inherent resolution limits. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are a powerful tool for exploring conformational landscapes, and provide atomic-scale information that is useful in understanding protein behaviors. With recent advances in generating datasets of large timescale simulations (using …

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Measuring And Manipulating Tension-Dependent Behavior Of Mechanosensitive Ion Channels, Angela M. Schlegel Jan 2021

Measuring And Manipulating Tension-Dependent Behavior Of Mechanosensitive Ion Channels, Angela M. Schlegel

Arts & Sciences Graduate Student Theses and Dissertations

Mechanical forces play critical roles throughout the lives of all organisms and, as such, diverse arrays of mechanotransduction systems have evolved to detect and initiate responses to force. Many mechanotransduction systems consist of mechanosensitive (MS) ion channels, membrane pores that open in response to sufficient mechanical force. My dissertation focuses on both the study and application of force-dependent conformational changes of MS channels. I tested whether charged pore-lining residues R326 and D327 of the Arabidopsis thaliana mitochondrial MS channel MSL1 function in inward rectification or gating kinetics. Mutating these residues showed no effect on MSL1 rectification; however, these residues are …

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Understanding The Roles Of Dna Methylation And Mecp2 In Neuronal Enhancer Control, Adam Clemens Jan 2021

Understanding The Roles Of Dna Methylation And Mecp2 In Neuronal Enhancer Control, Adam Clemens

Arts & Sciences Graduate Student Theses and Dissertations

The development of organisms relies on complex spatial and temporal patterning of gene expression to define cell types and facilitate their functions. Cis-regulatory elements in our genome are responsible for the control of gene expression across tissues and cell types. Regulation of these elements themselves depends on a balance of activation and repression through epigenetic modifications and molecular regulatory components. Disruption of cis-regulatory element control is emerging as a cause of neurodevelopmental disease. An important contributor to gene regulation in development is methylation of cytosine in DNA, disruption of which has been associated with disease. Notably, while all cell types …

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Uncovering The Roles And Evolved Sequence Grammar Of Hypervariable Intrinsically Disordered Proteins In Bacterial Cell Division, Megan Cohan Jan 2021

Uncovering The Roles And Evolved Sequence Grammar Of Hypervariable Intrinsically Disordered Proteins In Bacterial Cell Division, Megan Cohan

McKelvey School of Engineering Graduate Student Theses & Dissertations

Across all domains of life, a defining hallmark of the onset of cell division is the formation of a cytokinetic ring at the center of the cell. Cell division is a tightly controlled process that involves various regulatory factors that modulate the assembly of the cytokinetic ring. In rod-shaped bacteria, the ring is termed the Z-ring after the protein FtsZ, which is foundational to ring formation and is the bacterial homolog of tubulin. Like tubulin, FtsZ is an assembling GTPase, where GTP binding promotes the cooperative assembly into FtsZ polymers that laterally associate to form bundles. While the GTPase domain …

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Evaluating The Structural And Functional Consequences Of Traumatic Joint Injury And Their Relation To Nf-Κb In A Non-Invasive Model Of Post-Traumatic Osteoarthritis, Ian Matthew Berke Jan 2021

Evaluating The Structural And Functional Consequences Of Traumatic Joint Injury And Their Relation To Nf-Κb In A Non-Invasive Model Of Post-Traumatic Osteoarthritis, Ian Matthew Berke

McKelvey School of Engineering Graduate Student Theses & Dissertations

Post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) is a painful and debilitating disease of the synovial joint, characterized by degenerative changes to various joint tissues following traumatic joint injury. While several risk factors have been identified in the symptomatic progression of PTOA following injury, inflammation and NF-κB mediated changes are believed to significantly contribute to symptomatic joint dysfunction and pain. However, the temporal presentation of these pro-inflammatory signals following clinically relevant injury and their relationship to the development of symptomatic disease have not been thoroughly investigated. Therefore, there exists a critical need to better understand how these early inflammatory events following injury may contribute …

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Autologous Stem Cell-Derived Β Cells For Diabetes Cell Replacement Therapy, Kristina G. Maxwell Jan 2021

Autologous Stem Cell-Derived Β Cells For Diabetes Cell Replacement Therapy, Kristina G. Maxwell

McKelvey School of Engineering Graduate Student Theses & Dissertations

Autologous stem cell therapy is a promising treatment for patients with diabetes worldwide. Previous stem cell-derived β (SC-β) cell protocols were unable to efficiently differentiate multiple patient induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) into stem cell-derived islets (SC-islets), containing insulin-secreting SC-β cells. Recent updates targeting the actin cytoskeleton have enabled the differentiation of 14 diabetic and nondiabetic stem cell lines into SC-islets. We used genetic engineering, specifically CRISPR/Cas9, to correct the diabetes-causing mutation in stem cells from patients with Wolfram Syndrome. The genetically engineered SC-β cells functioned and had a composition similar to nondiabetic SC-β cells, unlike the unedited SC-β cells …

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Contribution Of Tgf-B Signaling To The Pathogenesis Of Myeloproliferative Neoplasms, Juo-Chin Yao Jan 2021

Contribution Of Tgf-B Signaling To The Pathogenesis Of Myeloproliferative Neoplasms, Juo-Chin Yao

Arts & Sciences Graduate Student Theses and Dissertations

TGF-b expression is increased in most cases of myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs); however, its contribution to disease pathogenesis is not well understood. Here, we explore two specific hypotheses. First, we hypothesize that increased TGF-b signaling in mesenchymal stromal cells contributes to the development of myelofibrosis. Second, we hypothesize that Jak2 mutated hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are resistant to the growth suppressive effect of TGF-b, conferring a fitness advantage that contributes to their expansion in MPNs and clonal hematopoiesis. To test the first hypothesis, we abrogated TGF-b signaling in mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells by deleting Tgfbr2 using a doxycycline-repressible Osterix-Cre transgene (Osx-Cre), which …

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Homeostatic T Cell Receptor Interactions With Self-Peptide Tune Cd4+ T Cell Function, Juliet Marie Bartleson Jan 2021

Homeostatic T Cell Receptor Interactions With Self-Peptide Tune Cd4+ T Cell Function, Juliet Marie Bartleson

Arts & Sciences Graduate Student Theses and Dissertations

Homeostatic T Cell Receptor Interactions with Self-Peptide Tune CD4+ T Cell FunctionbyJuliet Marie BartlesonDoctor of Philosophy in Biology and Biomedical SciencesImmunologyWashington University in St. Louis, 2021Professor Paul M. Allen, ChairMature CD4+ T cells circulate throughout peripheral secondary lymphoid organs using their T cell receptor (TCR) to surveil peptide presented on major histocompatibility complex class II molecules (pMHC) in search of cognate, antigenic peptide. In the absence of an immune challenge, however, the TCR is continuously interacting with self-pMHC, which induces a relatively weak TCR signal known as tonic signaling. These homeostatic TCR:self-pMHC interactions do not propagate canonical TCR activation pathways, …

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Understanding The Molecular Mechanisms Of Photoferrotrophy And Phototrophic Extracellular Electron Uptake, Dinesh Gupta Jan 2021

Understanding The Molecular Mechanisms Of Photoferrotrophy And Phototrophic Extracellular Electron Uptake, Dinesh Gupta

Arts & Sciences Graduate Student Theses and Dissertations

Several anoxygenic phototrophs grow by utilizing soluble iron or insoluble mixed-valence iron minerals (such as rust) as electron donors to fix carbon dioxide using light energy, a process called photoferrotrophy. Photoferrotrophs can also use electron donors such as poised electrodes that serve as proxies for rust via phototrophic extracellular electron uptake (EEU). Despite the recognition that these two related microbial processes contribute to various biogeochemical cycles such as iron and carbon, the electron uptake mechanisms underlying photoferrotrophy and phototrophic EEU are poorly understood. To address the key knowledge gaps in our understanding of these microbial metabolisms, here we characterized Rhodopseudomonas …

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The Role Of Mature Secretory Cells In Gastrointestinal Regeneration, Megan Deanna Radyk Jan 2021

The Role Of Mature Secretory Cells In Gastrointestinal Regeneration, Megan Deanna Radyk

Arts & Sciences Graduate Student Theses and Dissertations

Differentiated cells exhibit the ability to adjust their cell fate and become more progenitor-like after wide-scale tissue injury. This inherent cell plasticity is shown across many tissues and organisms and is a conserved behavior that ensures organ function even in a chronic injury setting. At the tissue level, the change in cell fate from a differentiated cell to one with more progenitor properties can be identified as metaplasia. Importantly, metaplasias, like Spasmolytic Polypeptide-Expressing Metaplasia (SPEM) in the stomach and Acinar-to-Ductal Metaplasia (ADM) in the pancreas, are risk factors for the development of adenocarcinoma. Thus, understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms …

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Genetics Of Pediatric Musculoskeletal Disorders, Lilian Antunes Jan 2021

Genetics Of Pediatric Musculoskeletal Disorders, Lilian Antunes

Arts & Sciences Graduate Student Theses and Dissertations

Pediatric musculoskeletal disorders are an extremely broad category of diseases that are often inherited. While individually rare, collectively these disorders are common, affecting around 3% of live births in the US. Despite the mounting clinical and molecular evidence for a genetic etiology, the cause for many patients with pediatric musculoskeletal disorders remain largely unknown. Major challenges in rare pediatric diseases include recruiting large numbers of patients and determining the significance and functional impacts of variants associated with disease within individuals or families. Whole exome sequencing (WES) is a powerful tool to identify coding variants that are associated with rare pediatric …

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