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2019

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Articles 961 - 990 of 1905

Full-Text Articles in Biology

The Presence Of Fungal Pathogen, Botryosphaeria Dothidea, In Post-Fire Malosma Laurina Resprouts, Georgiana Gibson, Sarah Parker, Lauren Van Tress Apr 2019

The Presence Of Fungal Pathogen, Botryosphaeria Dothidea, In Post-Fire Malosma Laurina Resprouts, Georgiana Gibson, Sarah Parker, Lauren Van Tress

Featured Research

Botryosphaeria dothidea is an opportunistic fungal pathogen that infects plants, causing cankers to form on branches and stems, ultimately causing cell cavitation and embolism in the plant. Botyrosphaeria dothidea was found in much of the chaparral vegetation present in the Santa Monica Mountains prior to the November 2018 fire. In this study, we focused on the presence of Botryosphaeria dothidea in the chaparral plant Malosma laurina on Pepperdine University’s campus in 2 different populations: unburned and resprouts. We looked at whether the November 2018 fires had eliminated the pathogen from post-fire Malosma laurina resprouts, using the unburned Malosma laurina population …

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Comparative Fitness Of Post-Fire Transplant Stipa Pulchra And Wild Stipa Pulchra In Competition With Avena Fatua, Ashley Bonin, Madison Cook, Sara Head Apr 2019

Comparative Fitness Of Post-Fire Transplant Stipa Pulchra And Wild Stipa Pulchra In Competition With Avena Fatua, Ashley Bonin, Madison Cook, Sara Head

Featured Research

In the Spring Semesters of 2016 and 2017, research was conducted on the relative fitness of Stipa pulchra in the transplant garden on the Drescher campus at Pepperdine University. The first study in 2016 examined the fitness of Stipa pulchra and Avena fatua in the transplant and wild gardens after a five year drought in California. In the results of this experiment, the hypothesis was supported when observing that the wild S. pulchra depicted higher fitness that the transplant S. pulchra in areas of stomatal conductance, height, water potential, percent sun and dark-adapted fluorescence. The second study in 2017 investigated …

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Post Fire Seedling And Resprout Survival Of Melasma Laurina, Matthew Sturtevant, Gil So Apr 2019

Post Fire Seedling And Resprout Survival Of Melasma Laurina, Matthew Sturtevant, Gil So

Featured Research

For this research project we set out to see how seedling and resprout survival rate of melasma laurina would fare in the post fire environment found around pepperdine. The expected seedling survival was set to be 1% and the resprout survival was at 100%. From our field research we found that the the seedling survival was 41% and the resprout 57.3%. By using a T-test we had a p value < 0.001 for both data sets, this means that our data deviated greatly from our expected data and meant that we had to reject our hypothesis.

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Carbon Dioxide Flux Rate For Cold Burn And Hot Burn Sites, Sophia Cheong, Alexander G. Grissom, Grace K. Lank Apr 2019

Carbon Dioxide Flux Rate For Cold Burn And Hot Burn Sites, Sophia Cheong, Alexander G. Grissom, Grace K. Lank

Featured Research

This experiment seeks to further expand modern understanding of post-fire ecology via systematic measurement of soil respiration within areas burned by cool, mild flames and hot, intense flames caused by the recent Woolsey Fire. We theorized that within hot burned areas, soil respiration would be less than that of the cool burned areas because the microbe population in the hot burned areas would be affected far more than those subjected to a cool burn. By measuring soil respiration with our Li-6800 CO2 soil flux chamber at each of the according disc sites within hot and cold burned areas we …

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Comparison Of Postfire Seedling Recruitment Of 2019 In Three Key Chaparral Species, Karagan Smith, Reid Furukawa, Brett Muramoto, Stephen D. Davis Apr 2019

Comparison Of Postfire Seedling Recruitment Of 2019 In Three Key Chaparral Species, Karagan Smith, Reid Furukawa, Brett Muramoto, Stephen D. Davis

Featured Research

Fire is a common natural disaster that sweeps through Southern California. Combined with periods of acute, and most recent, chronic drought, we have seen an increase in the damage and frequency of these fires in recent years. Three chaparral species are common to the Pepperdine campus: Malosma laurina, Ceanothus spinosus, and Ceanothus megacarpus. The survival of these three native species is essential because they serve as biomarkers for the changes that are occurring in our local ecosystem and provide further implications for how our ecosystem is responding to natural disaster. Seedling recruitment is a mechanism that is used by …

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Heteromeles Arbutifolia Associated Post-Fire Soil Microbiome Recovery And Respiration In A Chaparral Ecosystem, Gabrielle Boeger, Lauren Dedmon, Emma Thomsen, Alexander Soloniuk Apr 2019

Heteromeles Arbutifolia Associated Post-Fire Soil Microbiome Recovery And Respiration In A Chaparral Ecosystem, Gabrielle Boeger, Lauren Dedmon, Emma Thomsen, Alexander Soloniuk

Featured Research

The purpose of this post-Woolsey Fire project is to examine the relationship between soil respiration in areas of cool burns and hot burns relative to individuals of Heteromeles Arbutifolia. It was hypothesized that the soil subjected to a cooler burn would have greater respiration rates due to increased survival of microorganisms compared to a hotter burn. An Li-6800 CO2 Flux Chamber was used to collect measurements for several replicates. Significance was detected in the “Day 3” data, with the soil respiration higher at the cool burn site. Temperature and soil flux also varied directly. In the future experiments including increasingly …

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Ecophysiology Of Ponderosa Pine Seedlings After Severe Fire: The Effect Of Tree Canopy, Lauren Michele Bansbach Apr 2019

Ecophysiology Of Ponderosa Pine Seedlings After Severe Fire: The Effect Of Tree Canopy, Lauren Michele Bansbach

Biology ETDs

Ponderosa pine forests evolved with low-severity surface fires to maintain forest structure and process. However, increasingly common high-severity fires often result in complete overstory canopy loss and a shift from forest to shrub- and grass-dominated vegetation that may persist as an alternate stable state due to limited rates of ponderosa seedling regeneration in severely burned areas. Though overstory tree canopy is an important driver of understory plant response, little is known about how the absence of tree canopy following severe fires interacts with changes in year-to-year climate to affect the physiological function of ponderosa pine seedlings. This field study tested …

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Reduced-Impact Logging For Climate Change Mitigation (Ril-C) Can Halve Selective Logging Emissions From Tropical Forests, Anand Roopsind Apr 2019

Reduced-Impact Logging For Climate Change Mitigation (Ril-C) Can Halve Selective Logging Emissions From Tropical Forests, Anand Roopsind

Biology Faculty Publications and Presentations

Selective logging causes at least half of the emissions from tropical forest degradation. Reduced-impact logging for climate (RIL-C) is proposed as a way to maintain timber production while minimizing forest damage. Here we synthesize data from 61 coordinated field-based surveys of logging impacts in seven countries across the tropics. We estimate that tropical selective logging emitted 834 Tg CO2 in 2015, 6% of total tropical greenhouse gas emissions. Felling, hauling, and skidding caused 59%, 31%, and 10% of these emissions, respectively. We suggest that RIL-C incentive programs consider a feasible target carbon impact factor of 2.3 Mg emitted per …

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Riparian Vegetation In The Face Of Environmental Variability, Kelly A. Steinberg Apr 2019

Riparian Vegetation In The Face Of Environmental Variability, Kelly A. Steinberg

Biology ETDs

Riparian ecosystems are among the most highly disturbed ecosystems globally, over the past century dryland riparian forests have become less likely to flood, removing the largest historical disturbance. Yet these provide many essential ecosystem services. Climate change adds further change and uncertainty to the future of these ecosystems. In the southwestern United States, climate models predict changes in the mean and variance of temperature and precipitation. Determining the ecological consequences of interactions between slow changes in long-term climate means and amplified variability in climate is an important research frontier in plant ecology. We used long-term plant cover, groundwater and precipitation …

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Mechanisms Of Oriented Cell Division And Their Roles In Tissue Development, Evan Blake Dewey Apr 2019

Mechanisms Of Oriented Cell Division And Their Roles In Tissue Development, Evan Blake Dewey

Biology ETDs

Properly executed cell division is crucial to development, maintenance, and longevity of multicellular organisms. Defects in both symmetric and asymmetric divisions can lead to improper developmental patterning, as well as genomic instability, disruption of tissue homeostasis, and cancer. Our research focuses on how regulators orchestrate proper cell divisions. Mushroom Body Defect (Mud) is one such regulator, and here we describe how Mud is regulated via the Hippo signaling pathway kinase Warts (Wts), showing Wts phosphorylates Mud to enhance interaction with the polarity protein Partner of Inscuteable, promoting spindle orientation activity. We next focus on another regulator, Shortstop (Shot), describing a …

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An Investigation Of The Biomechanics Of Kinesiology Tape, Jessa Ward Apr 2019

An Investigation Of The Biomechanics Of Kinesiology Tape, Jessa Ward

Graduate Theses - Biology & Biomedical Engineering

Kinesiology tape has grown in popularity since its widespread use at the 2012 and 2016 Olympic Games. Manufacturers of these colorful tapes have advertised biomechanical benefits for athletes, including pain relief and muscle support, without much quantitative evidence to support these claims. The purpose of this research study was to evaluate the biomechanical aspects of kinesiology tape and how it affects subjects’ muscle activity. This research study evaluated the muscle activity of subjects’ low back before and after tape application during targeted, bodyweight exercises. Each subject’s muscle activity, measured through electromyography (EMG), was normalized and assessed using nonparametric statistical techniques. …

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Nitrate Removal And Patterns Of Ph-Induced Flocculation In High-Lipid Producing Algae Ochromonas Danica, Abigail E. Armstrong, Timothy Gsell Dr. Apr 2019

Nitrate Removal And Patterns Of Ph-Induced Flocculation In High-Lipid Producing Algae Ochromonas Danica, Abigail E. Armstrong, Timothy Gsell Dr.

Research Days

Algae have grown in popularity as a source for biofuels as some algae species, like Ochromonas danica, can produce energy-rich lipids for biofuels while simultaneously removing nutrients from wastewater. As such, use of biologic systems to mitigate pollutants are an attractive method of pollution control. Given the unique metabolic properties of O. danica, this organism is a promising candidate organism for this purpose. This study seeks to characterize the basic metabolic parameters of these algae as well as their population behaviors with attention to their growth rates and nitrate removal at varying pH over time. To do this, live cultures …

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Life History Traits And Functional Processes Generate Multiple Pathways To Ecological Stability, John P. Delong, Torrance C. Hanley, Jean P. Gibert, Linda M. Puth, David M. Post Apr 2019

Life History Traits And Functional Processes Generate Multiple Pathways To Ecological Stability, John P. Delong, Torrance C. Hanley, Jean P. Gibert, Linda M. Puth, David M. Post

School of Biological Sciences: Faculty Publications

Stability contributes to the persistence of ecological communities, yet the interactions among different stabilizing forces are poorly understood. We assembled mesocosms with an algal resource and one to eight different clones of the consumer Daphnia ambigua and tracked algal and Daphnia abundances through time. We then fitted coupled ordinary differential equations (ODEs) to the consumer–resource time series. We show that variation in different components of stability (local stability and the magnitude of population fluctuations) across mesocosms arises through variation in life history traits and the functional processes represented by ODE model parameters. Local stability was enhanced by increased algal growth …

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Morphological Changes In American Kestrels (Falco Sparverius) At Continental Migration Sites, Teresa E. Ely, Christopher W. Briggs, Shawn E. Hawks, Gregory S. Kaltenecker, David L. Evans, Frank J. Nicoletti, Jean-François Therrien, Olin Allen, John Delong Apr 2019

Morphological Changes In American Kestrels (Falco Sparverius) At Continental Migration Sites, Teresa E. Ely, Christopher W. Briggs, Shawn E. Hawks, Gregory S. Kaltenecker, David L. Evans, Frank J. Nicoletti, Jean-François Therrien, Olin Allen, John Delong

School of Biological Sciences: Faculty Publications

Many American kestrel (Falco sparverius) populations are declining across North America. Potential causes include mortality from reduction in food availability, a changing climate, habitat degradation, an increase in avian predators, disease, and toxins. We analyzed American kestrel count and banding data from seven raptor migration sites throughout North America with at least 20 years of migration data. We used count data to determine the year at which the kestrel population began a significant decline and then used banding records to determine whether body mass and wing chord declined after this point. We found reductions in kestrel body mass at three …

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Understanding The Impact Of Chronic Low-Dose, Low Energy, Proton Radiation On Systemic Inflammation And Anxiety-Like Behaviors In Mice, Paula Nolte, Victoria Parker Apr 2019

Understanding The Impact Of Chronic Low-Dose, Low Energy, Proton Radiation On Systemic Inflammation And Anxiety-Like Behaviors In Mice, Paula Nolte, Victoria Parker

18th Annual Celebration of Undergraduate Research and Creative Activity (2019)

A major component of NASA’s 2018 strategic plan was to send astronauts to and beyond our lunar orbit within the next couple of decades. A risk to mission success is an astronauts’ exposure to galactic cosmic radiation (GCR), a mixture of chronic low dose, high energy, high charge ion particles (HZE). Previous high energy radiation proton studies show lasting inflammation in the eye in humans treated for uveal melanomas. In mice, HZE particles also showed deficits in cardiac physiology, brain electrophysiology, and memory. Of particular interest to long term mission success are low dose, low energy protons due to their …

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Analysis Of Photoreceptor Development In Pekin Duck, Zoe A. Gum, Anna S. Vostrizansky Apr 2019

Analysis Of Photoreceptor Development In Pekin Duck, Zoe A. Gum, Anna S. Vostrizansky

18th Annual Celebration of Undergraduate Research and Creative Activity (2019)

The Pekin duck is a valuable agricultural commodity in the U.S. Pekin ducks are seasonal breeders; they are sensitive to light and thus, research on the neuroendocrine and behavioral responses are needed to overcome technological limitations. There is compelling evidence that specific wavelengths of light are required to improve the growth and welfare of meat (grow out) ducks. For example, blue light may not be ideal for grow out ducks due to considerably increased motor activity, significantly decreased body weight and increased serum corticosterone (cort) levels. Therefore, our objective is to determine the role of both deep brain photoreceptors (DBPs) …

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Testing The Impact Of Prebiotics On Anxiety-Like Behaviors In Aged Male Rats, Nicholai Shaw, Marny Ehmann, Kenia Urena-Gonzalez, Anna Langholz, Peter Stewart, Jared Stygstra, Emily Zolman, Erin English, Alli Lindquist, Elizabeth Woodford Apr 2019

Testing The Impact Of Prebiotics On Anxiety-Like Behaviors In Aged Male Rats, Nicholai Shaw, Marny Ehmann, Kenia Urena-Gonzalez, Anna Langholz, Peter Stewart, Jared Stygstra, Emily Zolman, Erin English, Alli Lindquist, Elizabeth Woodford

18th Annual Celebration of Undergraduate Research and Creative Activity (2019)

The composition of gut microbiota has direct impacts on neural structure, neurochemistry, and behavior. Specifically, the gut microbiota has been shown to modulate anxiety-like behaviors. In addition, administering prebiotics, compounds that promote the growth of commensal bacteria, has been demonstrated to reduce anxiety and anxiety-related behaviors. However, this effect has yet to be tested in older animals despite anxiety being implicated as a most common disorder in adult populations. Therefore, this study seeks to fill this knowledge gap by investigating the link between prebiotic interventions and anxiety-like behaviors in aged populations. It was hypothesized that older rats treated with the …

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Wildlife Activity Patterns At A Constructed Wetland Based On Trail Cam Monitoring, Sally Hakim, Emily Hamilton, Sam Heilman, Marissa Lockwood Apr 2019

Wildlife Activity Patterns At A Constructed Wetland Based On Trail Cam Monitoring, Sally Hakim, Emily Hamilton, Sam Heilman, Marissa Lockwood

18th Annual Celebration of Undergraduate Research and Creative Activity (2019)

Wetland habitats fill vital environmental roles because they potentially increase wildlife diversity and provide important ecosystem services. During 2015, the Outdoor Discovery Center (ODC) in Holland began reconstructing a wetland from an agricultural field, hoping to improve wildlife diversity. However, this site is near a regional airport, which raised some concern regarding the potential for increased aviation collision risk. In order to evaluate the success of the wetland in attracting wildlife and the potential wildlife hazard to aviation, we analyzed over 600,000 trail cam photos from 4 camera stations operating continuously through the 2015 wetland construction, and for 2 years …

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Inflammatory Reproductive White Adipose Tissue Characterizes The Obese Preeclamptic-Like Bph/5 Mouse Prior To Pregnancy, Kelsey Olson Apr 2019

Inflammatory Reproductive White Adipose Tissue Characterizes The Obese Preeclamptic-Like Bph/5 Mouse Prior To Pregnancy, Kelsey Olson

Honors Capstones

No abstract provided.

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Characterizing The Subcellular Localization, Activity, And Physiological Properties Of Α-Carbonic Anhydrases In Arabidopsis Thaliana, Kayla Schwartzenburg Apr 2019

Characterizing The Subcellular Localization, Activity, And Physiological Properties Of Α-Carbonic Anhydrases In Arabidopsis Thaliana, Kayla Schwartzenburg

Honors Capstones

No abstract provided.

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Measurement Of Heavy Metals And Enzyme Activities In The Wetlands Of The Moreau River, William Doggett Apr 2019

Measurement Of Heavy Metals And Enzyme Activities In The Wetlands Of The Moreau River, William Doggett

Show Your Stripes Research and Creative Showcase

Research has indicated that the use of animal manure as fertilizer is a significant point source of pollution to the environment. Heavy metals can be found in and from items such as cigarettes, construction sites, mining areas, and some over-the-counter medications. The use of these items can cause serious health effects on humans and the environment. Through surface runoff, the heavy metals are transported to the wetlands causing pollution. The sensitivity of enzymes to the environmental pollution, the ease of assay, and their role in soil biological functions makes them useful tool as indicator of soil quality. The objectives of …

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Preservation Of Ozark Glades: Soil Inocula And Plant Additions Effect On Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi, Srikavi Premnath Apr 2019

Preservation Of Ozark Glades: Soil Inocula And Plant Additions Effect On Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi, Srikavi Premnath

Show Your Stripes Research and Creative Showcase

Soil microbial communities can play a major role in the structure of natural plant communities, and restoring the soil microbial content can be important in restoring the plant community in prairies. In 2014, an experiment was set up to test whether soil inoculation along with native plant additions (Schizachyrium scoparium and Rudbeckia missouriensis) produce a similar restoration effect among glades, rocky grasslands found in south central Missouri. The following six inoculation treatments were set up in three sites: live inocula soil from well-restored glade sites, sterilized glade soil as a control, inoculated S. scoparium, uninoculated S. scoparium, inoculated R. missouriensis, …

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The Relationship Between Diet And Evolution In Primates, Tori Spencer Apr 2019

The Relationship Between Diet And Evolution In Primates, Tori Spencer

Show Your Stripes Research and Creative Showcase

This literature review investigates the evolutionary relationship between diet and primate physiology, using both human and non-human primates as evidence of past and present examples. Special attention is devoted to physiological factors shaped by diet that have and may still cause differences between primate groups. Diet has heritable markers and can predisposition individuals to change both physically and behaviorally. Diet in primates appears to play a role in the teeth placement, brain size, shape and chemistry, taste and olfactory sense, to name a few. This information can be used to identify future human features that may continue to evolve as …

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Cover Crops As Tools: How Soil Fungal Communities Can Be Prepared For Successful Prairie Restoration, Andrew Allee, Blake Branch Apr 2019

Cover Crops As Tools: How Soil Fungal Communities Can Be Prepared For Successful Prairie Restoration, Andrew Allee, Blake Branch

Show Your Stripes Research and Creative Showcase

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) have major impact on plant survival, growth and plant community structure. Current land management practices utilize tilled corn-soybean rotations prior to restoration to control exotic weeds. Here, we investigate whether incorporating no-till practices and different cover crop combinations prior to prairie planting provide a more robust prairie restoration. Measuring fungal community changes occurring in old and conventional fields in comparison to a remnant prairie, we found that community composition of all fields was distinct. AMF richness differed among fields, but diversity did not. We will continue to monitor fungal community composition annually, measuring how cover crop …

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Selecting Phycoremediators For Consortia, Tori Spencer Apr 2019

Selecting Phycoremediators For Consortia, Tori Spencer

Show Your Stripes Research and Creative Showcase

Bioremediation is the process by which organisms remove and transform toxic compounds in a contaminated source. This is a waste management technique currently used to clean up man-made contamination. Many organisms act as natural remediators; in the case of algae, they are called phycoremediators who perform phycoremediaton. The term algae encompasses a variety of taxonomic groups and their diversity is still being realized; there are over 44,000 named species of the 72,000 species that we have identified. Some estimates calculate that there are over 200,000 diatom species alone. This diversity continues to be difficult to organize, which is problematic for …

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Neurological Aspects Of Thc As A Treatment For Generalized Anxiety, Khaliah Kelly Apr 2019

Neurological Aspects Of Thc As A Treatment For Generalized Anxiety, Khaliah Kelly

Show Your Stripes Research and Creative Showcase

Currently, 1 in 13 people (264 million people) are diagnosed in the world with anxiety disorder. Anxiety is a disorder that causes random or triggered panic attacks due to an imbalance of neurotransmitters in the limbic system of the brain. Marijuana (Cannabis sativa) contains high levels of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). THC acts as a neurotransmitter and is able to attach to molecules called cannabinoid receptors on neurons, activate them, which results in changes in mental and physical functions. The neural communication network used by THC neurotransmitters is known as the endocannabinoid system. The endocannabinoid system and the limbic system are interconnected …

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Imaging Fluorescent Proteins In Plant Cells: A 12-Week Research-Project Oriented Cell Molecular Biology Laboratory, Michael Grubb, Bridget Mbula Apr 2019

Imaging Fluorescent Proteins In Plant Cells: A 12-Week Research-Project Oriented Cell Molecular Biology Laboratory, Michael Grubb, Bridget Mbula

Show Your Stripes Research and Creative Showcase

When plants are attacked by pathogenic fungi, plants defend themselves by "chewing" the fungal cell wall. Chitin, a main component of the fungal cell wall, is released and recognized by the plant cells to activate the innate immune response in the whole plant. The objective of this study is to investigate the cellular localization of the proteins encoded by two chitin-induced genes, Annexin 1 (ANN1) and SNAP33, from the genetic model Arabidopsis thaliana. The full-length cDNA (excluding stop codon) of ANN1 and SNAP33 were amplified from cDNA template and cloned into a binary vector pMDC83 to form a translational fusion …

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Ecological Mechanisms Can Modify Radiation Effects In A Key Forest Mammal Of Chernobyl, Tapio Mappes, Zbyszek Boratynski, Kati Kivisaari, Anton Lavrinienko, Anders P. Moller, Eugene Tukalenko, Phillip C. Watts Apr 2019

Ecological Mechanisms Can Modify Radiation Effects In A Key Forest Mammal Of Chernobyl, Tapio Mappes, Zbyszek Boratynski, Kati Kivisaari, Anton Lavrinienko, Anders P. Moller, Eugene Tukalenko, Phillip C. Watts

Faculty Publications

Nuclear accidents underpin the need to quantify the ecological mechanisms which determineinjury to ecosystems from chronic low-dose radiation. Here, we tested the hypothesis that ecological mech-anisms interact with ionizing radiation to affect natural populations in unexpected ways. We used large-scale replicated experiments and food manipulations in wild populations of the rodent, Myodes glareolus,inhabiting the region near the site of the Chernobyl disaster of 1986. We show linear decreases in breedingsuccess with increasing ambient radiation levels with no evidence of any threshold below which effects arenot seen. Food supplementation of experimental populations resulted in increased abundances but only inlocations where radioactive …

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The Relationship Between Insect Visitors And Chemical Fragrance Composition Of Cypripedium Parviflorum Var. Pubescens In Central Virginia., Ruth Elkins Apr 2019

The Relationship Between Insect Visitors And Chemical Fragrance Composition Of Cypripedium Parviflorum Var. Pubescens In Central Virginia., Ruth Elkins

Student Scholar Showcase

Due to its rarity, little is known regarding which insects pollinate Cypripedium parviflorum var. pubescens, large yellow lady slipper orchids, and why they do so when offered no reward. Insect identification and fragrance composition data have been collected from two populations of large yellow lady slippers in Central Virginia for more than a decade. This research analyzed data in order to determine potential relationships between visiting insects and fragrance compositions of the orchid. The results of this research can be used to establish and protect populations of Cypripedium parviflorum var. pubescens.

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Comparative Methodology For Analyzing Nitric Oxide Production In Raw 264.7 Murine Macrophages In Response To Lipopolysaccharide Treatment, Cassandra Robertson Apr 2019

Comparative Methodology For Analyzing Nitric Oxide Production In Raw 264.7 Murine Macrophages In Response To Lipopolysaccharide Treatment, Cassandra Robertson

Student Scholar Showcase

The purpose of this experiment is to develop comparative methodology for analyzing RAW 264.7 murine macrophage responses to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). These results will yield two endpoints relative to nitric oxide production: nitrites in solution from the Greiss assay, and protein expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). The RAW 264.7 cell line is a standard culture model of macrophage activity and stimulation with LPS induces inflammatory reactions. This process has evolved to kill ingested pathogens and activate local immune responses, including the production of nitric oxide, synthesized by iNOS. RAW 264.7 cells are stimulated with LPS doses from 1 …

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