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2015

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Articles 1321 - 1350 of 1751

Full-Text Articles in Biology

Ebola Cases And Health System Demand In Liberia, John M. Drake, Rajreni B. Kaul, Laura W. Alexander, Suzanne M. O’Regan, Andrew M. Kramer, J. Tomlin Pulliam, Matthew J. Ferrari, Andrew W. Park Jan 2015

Ebola Cases And Health System Demand In Liberia, John M. Drake, Rajreni B. Kaul, Laura W. Alexander, Suzanne M. O’Regan, Andrew M. Kramer, J. Tomlin Pulliam, Matthew J. Ferrari, Andrew W. Park

Integrative Biology Faculty and Staff Publications

In 2014, a major epidemic of human Ebola virus disease emerged in West Africa, where human-to-human transmission has now been sustained for greater than 12 months. In the summer of 2014, there was great uncertainty about the answers to several key policy questions concerning the path to containment. What is the relative importance of nosocomial transmission compared with community-acquired infection? How much must hospital capacity increase to provide care for the anticipated patient burden? To which interventions will Ebola transmission be most responsive? What must be done to achieve containment? In recent years, epidemic models have been used to guide …

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Immigration Can Destabilize Tri-Trophic Interactions: Implications For Conservation Of Top Predators, Kevin L. S. Drury, Jesse D. Suter, Jacob B. Rendall, Andrew M. Kramer, John M. Drake Jan 2015

Immigration Can Destabilize Tri-Trophic Interactions: Implications For Conservation Of Top Predators, Kevin L. S. Drury, Jesse D. Suter, Jacob B. Rendall, Andrew M. Kramer, John M. Drake

Integrative Biology Faculty and Staff Publications

Top predators often have large home ranges and thus are especially vulnerable to habitat loss and fragmentation. Increasing connectance among habitat patches is therefore a common conservation strategy, based in part on models showing that increased migration between subpopulations can reduce vulnerability arising from population isolation. Although three-dimensional models are appropriate for exploring consequences to top predators, the effects of immigration on tri-trophic interactions have rarely been considered. To explore the effects of immigration on the equilibrium abundances of top predators, we studied the effects of immigration in the three-dimensional Rosenzweig-MacArthur model. To investigate the stability of the top predator …

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Data From: How Do Lizards Determine Dominance? Applying Ranking Algorithms To Animal Social Behavior, Michele A. Johnson, Eduardo C. Balreira Jan 2015

Data From: How Do Lizards Determine Dominance? Applying Ranking Algorithms To Animal Social Behavior, Michele A. Johnson, Eduardo C. Balreira

Biology Faculty Research

No abstract provided.

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Investigating The Influence Of Chd1 On Gene Expression In Drosophila Melanogaster Using Position Effect Variegation, Phuongngan Thi Bui Jan 2015

Investigating The Influence Of Chd1 On Gene Expression In Drosophila Melanogaster Using Position Effect Variegation, Phuongngan Thi Bui

Scripps Senior Theses

Position Effect Variegation (PEV) is the mosaic expression of a gene that has been moved out of its optimal environment and into a different area on the chromosome. Changing a gene’s environment may have profound effects on its eligibility for proper expression, which is a complicated process regulated by many factors. The PEV phenomenon is used as an assay to study gene expression as regulated by chromatin structure. In this study, the Drosophila melanogaster white gene was used as a reporter to study the various effects of CHD1, a chromatin regulating factor, on PEV gene expression. Inspired by preliminary data …

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High-Throughput Comparison, Functional Annotation, And Metabolic Modeling Of Plant Genomes Using The Plantseed Resource, Samuel M. D. Seaver, Svetlana Gerdes, Océane Frelin, Claudia Lerma-Ortiz, Louis M. T. Bradbury, Rémi Zallot, Ghulam Hasnain, Thomas D. Niehaus, Basma El Yacoubi, Shiran Pasternak, Robert Olson, Gordon Pusch, Ross Overbeek, Valérie De Crécy-Lagarde, Doreen Ware, Andrew D. Hanson, Christopher S. Henry Jan 2015

High-Throughput Comparison, Functional Annotation, And Metabolic Modeling Of Plant Genomes Using The Plantseed Resource, Samuel M. D. Seaver, Svetlana Gerdes, Océane Frelin, Claudia Lerma-Ortiz, Louis M. T. Bradbury, Rémi Zallot, Ghulam Hasnain, Thomas D. Niehaus, Basma El Yacoubi, Shiran Pasternak, Robert Olson, Gordon Pusch, Ross Overbeek, Valérie De Crécy-Lagarde, Doreen Ware, Andrew D. Hanson, Christopher S. Henry

Publications and Research

There is a growing demand for genome-scale metabolic reconstructions for plants, fueled by the need to understand the metabolic basis of crop yield and by progress in genome and transcriptome sequencing. Methods are also required to enable the interpretation of plant transcriptome data to study how cellular metabolic activity varies under different growth conditions or even within different organs, tissues, and developmental stages. Such methods depend extensively on the accuracy with which genes have been mapped to the biochemical reactions in the plant metabolic pathways. Errors in these mappings lead to metabolic reconstructions with an inflated number of reactions and …

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The Influence Of Thermal Effluent On Life History Evolution In The Western Mosquitofish, Gambusia Affinis, Amanda M. Boyles Jan 2015

The Influence Of Thermal Effluent On Life History Evolution In The Western Mosquitofish, Gambusia Affinis, Amanda M. Boyles

Biology Theses - Archive

The evolutionary consequence of heated effluent on the Western mosquitofish, Gambusia affinis, was studied at Lake Fairfield, in Freestone County, Texas. The Lake Fairfield reservoir receives heated effluent from Luminant’s Big Brown Power Station. Heated effluent from the power station is discharged into a ‘hot pond’ reservoir before it is allowed to return after cooling to the main reservoir, or ‘main lake’ of Lake Fairfield. Heated effluent elevates the temperature of the hot pond throughout the year and the elevation in water temperature has selected various life history traits in G. affinis that are divergent from the main lake G. …

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Synthesis And Phylogenetic Comparative Analyses Of The Causes And Consequences Of Karyotype Evolution In Arthropods, Heath Blackmon Jan 2015

Synthesis And Phylogenetic Comparative Analyses Of The Causes And Consequences Of Karyotype Evolution In Arthropods, Heath Blackmon

Biology Dissertations - Archive

Cytogenetic data in the form of karyotypes are complex, highly-variable traits that offer opportunities to detect changes in genome organization, uncover phylogenetic history, and distinguish cryptic species. However, the synthesis of cytogenetic data across large taxonomic scales has been rare. Here I report the insights gained through a synthesis of all available karyotype data from Arthropoda. The first chapter focuses on two databases that were built to make these data openly available, and broad insights into the evolution of sex determination and chromosome number in Arthropoda that the collected data have made possible. This is followed by four chapters that …

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Ebola Cases And Health System Demand In Liberia, John M. Drake, Rajreni B. Kaul, Laura W. Alexander, Suzanne M. O’Regan, Andrew M. Kramer, J. Tomlin Pulliam, Matthew J. Ferrari, Andrew W. Park Jan 2015

Ebola Cases And Health System Demand In Liberia, John M. Drake, Rajreni B. Kaul, Laura W. Alexander, Suzanne M. O’Regan, Andrew M. Kramer, J. Tomlin Pulliam, Matthew J. Ferrari, Andrew W. Park

Integrative Biology Faculty and Staff Publications

In 2014, a major epidemic of human Ebola virus disease emerged in West Africa, where human-to-human transmission has now been sustained for greater than 12 months. In the summer of 2014, there was great uncertainty about the answers to several key policy questions concerning the path to containment. What is the relative importance of nosocomial transmission compared with community-acquired infection? How much must hospital capacity increase to provide care for the anticipated patient burden? To which interventions will Ebola transmission be most responsive? What must be done to achieve containment? In recent years, epidemic models have been used to guide …

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The Effects Of Salinity On The Stratification And Nutrient Dynamics Of Inland Lakes In Southeast Michigan, Hallee Kansman Jan 2015

The Effects Of Salinity On The Stratification And Nutrient Dynamics Of Inland Lakes In Southeast Michigan, Hallee Kansman

Senior Honors Theses and Projects

Temperate lakes typically turnover twice annually; however, certain factors can reduce the possibility of turnover. One of these factors may be the addition of road salt to the watershed. Road salt increases the density of water, increasing the energy needed to turnover a lake. Reduced turnover can have major effects on the nutrient dynamics of the lake. In this study, I examined seven small, deep lakes in Southeast Michigan to determine if turnover was affected by salinity. The purpose of this study was to determine whether these turnover events in TSL have changed since 2009 and how common incomplete spring …

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The Role Of Light In Mnium Cuspidatum Hypersensitive Response Defense Mechanisms To Pythium Irrequlare Pathogen Infection, William Andrew Weldon Jan 2015

The Role Of Light In Mnium Cuspidatum Hypersensitive Response Defense Mechanisms To Pythium Irrequlare Pathogen Infection, William Andrew Weldon

Undergraduate Honors Thesis Collection

Moss, and all plants in general, are constantly defending themselves against pathogenic infections from viruses, bacteria, and fungi. Defense mechanisms require energy from compounds such as ATP and thus, are driven in part by photosynthesis. However, mosses typically grow in low light areas. Therefore, I investigated the extent of light dependency of the HR defense mechanisms of Mnium cuspidatum in response to infection by the pathogen Pythium irregulare. First, I conducted a field study on the Butler University campus in order to identify the typical light environment for growth of.M. cuspidatum '[vPl]interms of both photometric and infrared/far-infrared light readings. After …

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Life-History Aspects Of Moxostoma Cervinum (Blacktip Jumprock) In The Roanoke River, Virginia, Dezarai A. Thompson, John S. Bentley, Steven L. Powers Jan 2015

Life-History Aspects Of Moxostoma Cervinum (Blacktip Jumprock) In The Roanoke River, Virginia, Dezarai A. Thompson, John S. Bentley, Steven L. Powers

Virginia Journal of Science

Life-history aspects of Moxostoma cervinum(Blacktip Jumprock) were identified using specimens from recent collections and the Roanoke College Ichthyological Collection. The largest specimen examined was a female 161.27 mm SL and 66 months of age. Spawning appears to occur in May, with a mean of 2477.6 oocytes (SD = 2825.3) up to 1.54 mm diameter in gravid females. Sexual maturity appears to occur by 1-2 years of age in males and 2-3 years of age in females. Male to female ratio was not significantly different from 1:1. Chironomidae composed the bulk of the diet; while detritus, Trichoptera, Ephemeroptera, and Acari …

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Biology 123 Microbiology Spring 2015, Vikki Crnekovic, Tiffany Gibson, Jennifer Joesting Jan 2015

Biology 123 Microbiology Spring 2015, Vikki Crnekovic, Tiffany Gibson, Jennifer Joesting

Biology Courses

No abstract provided.

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Biology 121 Anatomy And Physiology Spring 2015, Valentina Mitev Jan 2015

Biology 121 Anatomy And Physiology Spring 2015, Valentina Mitev

Biology Courses

No abstract provided.

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Biology 106-W001 Online Heredity And Society Spring 2015, Rosetta Dalton Jan 2015

Biology 106-W001 Online Heredity And Society Spring 2015, Rosetta Dalton

Biology Courses

No abstract provided.

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Biology 105-001 Human Biology Spring 2015, Rosetta Dalton Jan 2015

Biology 105-001 Human Biology Spring 2015, Rosetta Dalton

Biology Courses

No abstract provided.

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Biology 101 General Biology I Online Sections Summer 2015, Leeanne Byers Jan 2015

Biology 101 General Biology I Online Sections Summer 2015, Leeanne Byers

Biology Courses

No abstract provided.

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Biology 100 Introduction To Biology Online Spring 2015, Rosetta Dalton, Mike Retzer Jan 2015

Biology 100 Introduction To Biology Online Spring 2015, Rosetta Dalton, Mike Retzer

Biology Courses

No abstract provided.

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The Implications Of Hiv Treatment On The Hiv-Malaria Coinfection Dynamics: A Modeling Perspective, F. Nyabadza, B. T. Bekele, Megan A. Rúa, D. M. Malonza, N. Chiduku, M. Kgosimore Jan 2015

The Implications Of Hiv Treatment On The Hiv-Malaria Coinfection Dynamics: A Modeling Perspective, F. Nyabadza, B. T. Bekele, Megan A. Rúa, D. M. Malonza, N. Chiduku, M. Kgosimore

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Most hosts harbor multiple pathogens at the same time in disease epidemiology. Multiple pathogens have the potential for interaction resulting in negative impacts on host fitness or alterations in pathogen transmission dynamics. In this paper we develop a mathematical model describing the dynamics of HIV-malaria coinfection. Additionally, we extended our model to examine the role treatment (of malaria and HIV) plays in altering populations’ dynamics. Our model consists of 13 interlinked equations which allow us to explore multiple aspects of HIV-malaria transmission and treatment. We perform qualitative analysis of the model that includes positivity and boundedness of solutions. Furthermore, we …

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Ectomycorrhizal Fungal Communities And Enzymatic Activities Vary Across An Ecotone Between A Forest And Field, Megan A. Rúa, Becky Moore, Nicole Hergott, Lily Van, Colin R. Jackson, Jason D. Hoeksema Jan 2015

Ectomycorrhizal Fungal Communities And Enzymatic Activities Vary Across An Ecotone Between A Forest And Field, Megan A. Rúa, Becky Moore, Nicole Hergott, Lily Van, Colin R. Jackson, Jason D. Hoeksema

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Extracellular enzymes degrade macromolecules into soluble substrates and are important for nutrient cycling in soils, where microorganisms, such as ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi, produce these enzymes to obtain nutrients. Ecotones between forests and fields represent intriguing arenas for examining the effect of the environment on ECM community structure and enzyme activity because tree maturity, ECM composition, and environmental variables may all be changing simultaneously. We studied the composition and enzymatic activity of ECM associated with loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) across an ecotone between a forest where P. taeda is established and an old field where P. taeda saplings had been growing …

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The Dietary Mineral Content Of Claytonia Lanceolata Corms From Multiple Populations Across The Columbia Plateau Region Of North America, Paul Reilly Jan 2015

The Dietary Mineral Content Of Claytonia Lanceolata Corms From Multiple Populations Across The Columbia Plateau Region Of North America, Paul Reilly

EWU Masters Thesis Collection

"Since divergence from our ancestral lineage ~ 2.8 mya, humans have relied on foraged foods to obtain dietary mineral nutrition. Around 12,000 years ago, people began shifting towards a lifestyle of food production. The rapid shift in lifestyle significantly altered the human diet, and research suggests our genomes have had insufficient time to adjust. Due to the discord between genome and environment, unprecedented levels of disease and malnutrition are epidemic in certain subsets of the population. Studies suggest the most cost effective way to mitigate the risk of these diseases is to find ways to increase micronutrient consumption. As a …

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Structural Organization Of The Connections Between Neurons Of The Paraventricular And Lateral Hypothalamic Regions In The Adult Male Rat, Berenise De Haro Jan 2015

Structural Organization Of The Connections Between Neurons Of The Paraventricular And Lateral Hypothalamic Regions In The Adult Male Rat, Berenise De Haro

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

The hypothalamus is a major integrator of homeostatic signals in the brain; within the hypothalamus, there are sub-regions with specific roles in regulating energy balance. For example, the lateral hypothalamic area (LHA) has been classically associated with feeding behaviors, and contains two major orexigenic cell populations expressing the neuropeptides melanin concentrating hormone (MCH) or hypocretin 1/orexin A (H/O). Similarly, the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVH) integrates information to mediate neuroendocrine and autonomic responses related to ingestive behaviors. The PVH has also been implicated directly in the control of feeding. However, the precise structural and functional interactions between these two …

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Identification Of A Novel Phosphoserine Site On Crkl Regulated By Interleukin-2 And Protein Phosphatase-1, Stephanie Moreno Jan 2015

Identification Of A Novel Phosphoserine Site On Crkl Regulated By Interleukin-2 And Protein Phosphatase-1, Stephanie Moreno

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

CrkL, a 36 kD adaptor protein, is part of the Crk family of proteins which have been implicated in a variety of human malignancies. CrkL is of special interest in hematopoietic malignancies because of an increased level of expression in myeloid and lymphoid derived cells lines. CrkL remains understudied but it has been shown to interact with Bcr-Abl in chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) and is currently being used as a prognostic marker for patients by evaluating phosphorylation levels. Though regulation of CrkL by tyrosine phosphorylation has been studied extensively, the role of serine and threonine phosphorylation in an IL-2 dependent …

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Population Differentiation And Habitat Selection Of A Montane Red Fox Population In The Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem, Patrick Cross Jan 2015

Population Differentiation And Habitat Selection Of A Montane Red Fox Population In The Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem, Patrick Cross

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

Montane red fox (Vulpes vulpes) populations across the western United States are genetically and morphologically distinct from foxes at lower elevations. These montane populations also share a preference for subalpine forest habitats. One hypothesis is that they stem from boreal forest-associated ancestors that expanded during the Pleistocene when boreal forests extended farther south than they do today. Forest habitat selection may therefore aid the persistence of native populations surrounded by non-native conspecifics. Alternatively, this behavior may be an avoidance mechanism in response to competition with larger coyotes (Canis latrans), or a product of the fox's natural adaptability. The red fox …

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Assessing Changes In Avian Communities, Jessie D. Golding Jan 2015

Assessing Changes In Avian Communities, Jessie D. Golding

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

Grazing is a potentially powerful tool to address wildlife declines associated with land use conversion in the western United States. Grazing systems can be manipulated to achieve desired vegetation outcomes, preserve native habitat and economically benefit multiple stakeholders. As a result, systems designed to benefit native ecosystems are being widely implemented. However, the benefits of these grazing systems on many wildlife communities remain relatively unexplored. Songbirds provide an ideal study system to test these benefits because they continue to use native habitat that is currently grazed. Given limited time and resources, conservation practitioners often monitor a single focal species or …

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The Spatial Ecology Of The Comanche Harvester Ant, Pogonomyrmex Comanche (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), Ann Burgess Mayo Jan 2015

The Spatial Ecology Of The Comanche Harvester Ant, Pogonomyrmex Comanche (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), Ann Burgess Mayo

Biology Dissertations - Archive

Because of the diverse roles ants play, it has been suggested that ants may be ecosystem engineers and so, may be useful in monitoring ecosystem function and health. Because ant activities are localized around their nests, ant colony spatial patterns may have important ecological impacts on their own populations, other organisms and the environment. While some species in the harvester ant genus Pogonomyrmex are well studied, little is known about the Comanche harvester ant, Pogonomyrmex comanche.The goal of this study was to characterize the spatial pattern of local populations of P. comanche and investigate possible influences on this pattern. The …

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Listeria Monocytogenes'. A Genomic Perspective On Its Pathogenesis, Persistence And Bacteriophages., Aidan Casey Jan 2015

Listeria Monocytogenes'. A Genomic Perspective On Its Pathogenesis, Persistence And Bacteriophages., Aidan Casey

Theses

The objective of this study was to investigate the genetic characteristics of Listeria monocytogenes that contribute to the threat it poses to the food processing industry. Transcriptomic analysis of a persistent L. monocytogenes isolate following exposure to an industrial detergent identified key upregulations in biological processes involved m peptidoglycan biosynthesis, chemotaxis and motility. Two bacteriophages against serotype 4b and 4e isolates of L. monocytogenes were isolated and sequenced. Comparative genomic and functional analysis identified the receptor binding proteins in each phage, whi]e transmission electron microscopy demonstrated a conserved baseplate architecture which also exists in other Gram­positive phages. Comparative genomics of …

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Electroporation Of Mammalian Cells By Nanosecond Electric Field Oscillations And It's Inhibition By The Electric Field Reversal, Elena C. Gianulis, Jimo Lee, Chunqi Jiang, Shu Xiao, Bennet L. Ibey, Andrei G. Pakhomov Jan 2015

Electroporation Of Mammalian Cells By Nanosecond Electric Field Oscillations And It's Inhibition By The Electric Field Reversal, Elena C. Gianulis, Jimo Lee, Chunqi Jiang, Shu Xiao, Bennet L. Ibey, Andrei G. Pakhomov

Bioelectrics Publications

The present study compared electroporation efficiency of bipolar and unipolar nanosecond electric field oscillations (NEFO). Bipolar NEFO was a damped sine wave with 140 ns first phase duration at 50% height; the peak amplitude of phases 2-4 decreased to 35%, 12%, and 7% of the first phase. This waveform was rectified to produce unipolar NEFO by cutting off phases 2 and 4. Membrane permeabilization was quantified in CHO and GH3 cells by uptake of a membrane integrity marker dye YO-PRO-1 (YP) and by the membrane conductance increase measured by patch clamp. For treatments with 1-20 unipolar NEFO, at 9.6-24 …

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Antibodies To Pseudogymnoascus Destructans Are Not Sufficient For Protection Against White-Nose Syndrome, Joseph S. Johnson, Deeann M. Reeder, Thomas M. Lilley, Ken Field Jan 2015

Antibodies To Pseudogymnoascus Destructans Are Not Sufficient For Protection Against White-Nose Syndrome, Joseph S. Johnson, Deeann M. Reeder, Thomas M. Lilley, Ken Field

Faculty Journal Articles

White-nose syndrome (WNS) is a fungal disease caused by Pseudogymnoascus destructans (Pd) that affects bats during hibernation. Although millions of bats have died from WNS in North America, mass mortality has not been observed among European bats infected by the fungus, leading to the suggestion that bats in Europe are immune. We tested the hypothesis that an antibody-mediated immune response can provide protection against WNS by quantifying antibod- ies reactive to Pd in blood samples from seven species of free-ranging bats in North America and two free-ranging species in Europe. We also quantified antibodies in blood samples from little brown …

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European Frogbit (Hydrocharis Morsus-Ranae) In The Champlain/Adirondack Region: Recent Inferences, Chris Martine, Stephen Langdon, Timothy Shearman, Casey Binggeli, Timothy B. Mihuc Jan 2015

European Frogbit (Hydrocharis Morsus-Ranae) In The Champlain/Adirondack Region: Recent Inferences, Chris Martine, Stephen Langdon, Timothy Shearman, Casey Binggeli, Timothy B. Mihuc

Faculty Journal Articles

As part of its north-south movement following introduction to Canada, Hydrocharis morsus-ranae L. (Hydrocharitaceae) has recently become established in slow-moving waters of the Champlain/Adirondack region of the northeastern US. The species is present on both the New York and Vermont shores of Lake Champlain and, so far, at a single location in the interior of the Adirondack Park. The southernmost Champlain/Adirondack occurrence is in the Champlain Canal south of Whitehall, NY (L. Eichler, Darrin Freshwater Institute, pers. comm.), within 25 miles of the Hudson River watershed—a population first recorded around 2006. Entry into the Hudson watershed, whether from the canal …

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Maximum Entropy Modeling Of Indiana Bat (Myotis Sodalis) Maternity Roost Habitat, Joseph Robert Lemen Jan 2015

Maximum Entropy Modeling Of Indiana Bat (Myotis Sodalis) Maternity Roost Habitat, Joseph Robert Lemen

Graduate Theses/Dissertations

Since 1967, the Indiana bat (Myotis sodalis) has been on the U.S. Endangered Species list due to disruption of hibernating bats in caves, summer habitat degradation, and more recently, the onset of White-nose Syndrome. The purpose of this study is to evaluate landscape variables associated with Indiana bat maternity roost trees in an attempt to better understand what factors play a role in their distribution in north central Missouri. I tracked reproductive female Indiana bats to 20 different primary and secondary roost trees; these are roosts that had multiple bats visit them on multiple occasions. GPS location data for these …

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