Biology Commons^™

Kajian Morfologi, Anatomi, Dan Agronomi Antara Kedelai Sehat Dengan Kedelai Terserang Cowpea Mild Mottle Virus Serta Pemanfaatannya Sebagai Bahan Ajar Di Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan, As’Ad Syamsul Arifin

Jurnal Pendidikan Sains

Salah satu penyebab rendahnya produktivitas kedelai di Indonesia adalah serangan virus belang samar kacang tunggak, Cowpea mild mottle virus (CPMMV). Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian survei yang bertujuan untuk menggambarkan dan mengumpulkan informasi mengenai kajian morfologi, anatomi, dan agronomi terhadap infeksi CPMMV pada varietas yang terinfeksi dan yang tidak terinfeksi. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif dan inferensial menggunakan ANAVA melalui program SPSS for Windows versi 16. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa varietas Gumitir sehat, Anjosmoro sehat, Mahameru sehat, MLGG 0021, dan MLGG 0268 memiliki ukuran daun, panjang petiol, serta nisbah daun (L/W dan L/PL) lebih besar dibandingkan varietas yang sakit. Varietas Argopuro sakit …

Pengaruh Model Siklus Belajar Berbantuan Mind Map Terhadap Prestasi Belajar Fisika Ditinjau Dari Kinerja Laboratorium Siswa Kelas Viii Smpn 1 Rejoso Kabupaten Pasuruan, Ary Analisa Rahma

Jurnal Pendidikan Sains

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh model siklus belajar berbantuan mind map terhadap prestasi belajar fisika ditinjau dari kinerja laboratorium siswa kelas VIII pada materi cahaya di SMP Negeri 1 Rejoso, Kabupaten Pasuruan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimen semu dengan rancangan faktorial 2 × 2. Subjek penelitian berjumlah 204 siswa. Instrumen penelitian terdiri atas instrumen perlakuan yang meliputi silabus, RPP, dan LKS, serta instrumen pengukuran berupa instrumen kinerja laboratorium dan tes prestasi belajar fisika. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa prestasi belajar fisika siswa yang belajar menggunakan model siklus belajar berbantuan mind map lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan siswa yang belajar melalui pembelajaran …

Pengembangan Profesionalitas Berkelanjutan/Continuing Professional Development (Cpd) Guru Bersertifikat Pendidik Di Smk Rumpun Teknologi Se-Malang Raya, Sujianto Sujianto

Jurnal Pendidikan Sains

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan pengembangan profesionalitas berkelanjutan guru bersertifikat pendidik melalui investasi pengembangan diri, publikasi ilmiah, dan karya inovatif, baik secara mandiri, berkelompok, maupun melembaga. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan deskriptif kuantitatif dengan subjek guru kejuruan bersertifikat pendidik di wilayah Malang Raya. Instrumen penelitian meliputi kuesioner (angket) dan pedoman wawancara. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberlakuan Undang-Undang Guru dan Dosen (UU Nomor 14 Tahun 2005) yang disertai pemberian tunjangan profesi sejatinya memberikan harapan besar dalam mendorong minat guru untuk terus mengembangkan profesionalitasnya. Namun, temuan penelitian menunjukkan kondisi yang berbeda. Tingkat pengembangan profesionalitas berkelanjutan guru bersertifikat pendidik di SMK rumpun teknologi se-Malang Raya …

Analisis Variasi Genetik Varian Jati Arboretum Dengan Penanda Mikrosatelit, Imas Cintamulya

Jurnal Pendidikan Sains

Seleksi tanaman jati untuk memperoleh sifat unggul tidak cukup hanya melalui penanda morfologi, tetapi juga perlu menggunakan penanda molekuler berdasarkan polimorfisme DNA. Oleh karena itu, perlu dilakukan kajian tanaman jati dari segi genetik pada level DNA untuk melihat variasi genetik. Informasi tentang variasi genetik jati diperlukan dalam pengadaan bibit untuk pembangunan hutan tanaman industri, dengan tujuan mencegah inbreeding dan mendukung upaya konservasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis variasi genetik varian jati arboretum menggunakan penanda molekuler mikrosatelit serta menyusun buku pengayaan kajian dasar-dasar molekuler tumbuhan, khususnya penanda mikrosatelit, dalam menganalisis variasi genetik varian jati arboretum yang berkualitas. Langkah-langkah penelitian meliputi isolasi …

Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tai Dan Game Puzzle Dalam Meningkatkan Motivasi Belajar Dan Pemahaman Konsep Matematika, Any Herawati

Jurnal Pendidikan Sains

Penelitian ini mendeskripsikan rancangan dan pelaksanaan pembelajaran kooperatif Team Assisted Individualized (TAI) dan game puzzle dalam meningkatkan motivasi belajar serta pemahaman konsep fungsi komposisi dan fungsi invers di SMA Negeri 3 Malang. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas dengan pendekatan mix research, yang dilaksanakan dalam tiga siklus. Subjek penelitian adalah siswa kelas XI IPA 1 semester genap tahun pelajaran 2011/2012 sebanyak 33 siswa, terdiri atas 13 siswa laki-laki dan 20 siswa perempuan. Data yang dikumpulkan meliputi motivasi belajar dan pemahaman konsep matematika siswa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pembelajaran kooperatif TAI dan game puzzle mampu meningkatkan motivasi belajar dan pemahaman konsep. …

Persepsi Pengelola Terhadap Peran Sistem Informasi Manajemen (Sim) Berbasis Teknologi Informasi (Ti) Dalam Pengelolaan Administrasi Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan Kota Mojokerto, Tri Wahjoedi Hidajat

Jurnal Pendidikan Sains

Peran sistem informasi manajemen (SIM) berbasis teknologi informasi sangat penting dalam pengelolaan sekolah untuk meningkatkan kualitas pelayanan, proses, dan prestasi belajar siswa. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkap dan mendeskripsikan persepsi pengelola terhadap peran SIM berbasis TI dalam pengelolaan administrasi SMK di Kota Mojokerto. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan deskriptif kuantitatif dan dilaksanakan pada sembilan SMK di Kota Mojokerto dengan 45 pengelola administrasi akademik sebagai populasi. Teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan adalah sampel jenuh, yaitu seluruh populasi dijadikan sampel. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) secara umum, persepsi pengelola terhadap peran SIM berbasis TI dalam pengelolaan administrasi SMK tergolong penting, …

Integrasi Pendidikan Karakter Melalui Inkuiri Dengan Lesson Study Dalam Pembelajaran Biologi Untuk Meningkatkan Sikap Ilmiah Dan Hasil Belajar Kognitif Siswa Kelas Vii Smpn I Singosari, Elly Lailatul Budur

Jurnal Pendidikan Sains

Pembelajaran inkuiri memungkinkan siswa terlibat secara aktif dalam proses berpikir dan menemukan konsep yang dipelajarinya. Pengetahuan dan keterampilan yang diperoleh siswa diharapkan bukan sekadar hasil menghafal fakta, melainkan hasil dari proses penemuan secara mandiri. Hasil pengamatan awal menunjukkan bahwa siswa SMP Negeri 1 Singosari masih cenderung menghafal materi pembelajaran sehingga keterampilan proses dan sikap ilmiah belum berkembang secara optimal. Selain itu, karakter siswa sebagaimana diamanatkan dalam tujuan pendidikan nasional belum sepenuhnya tercapai. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan sikap ilmiah dan hasil belajar kognitif siswa melalui integrasi pendidikan karakter dengan metode inkuiri terbimbing berbasis lesson study pada siswa kelas VII SMP …

Penerapan Pembelajaran Inkuiri Terbimbing Berbasis Laboratorium Untuk Meningkatkan Keterampilan Proses Dan Hasil Belajar Ipa Siswa Kelas Viii-4 Di Smpn 1 Probolinggo, Karyatin Karyatin

Jurnal Pendidikan Sains

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan keterlaksanaan pembelajaran inkuiri terbimbing berbasis kegiatan laboratorium dalam meningkatkan keterampilan proses sains dan hasil belajar kognitif IPA (biologi) siswa. Deskripsi keterlaksanaan pembelajaran diperoleh melalui identifikasi permasalahan yang muncul selama proses pembelajaran di kelas, yang selanjutnya dianalisis untuk menemukan solusi berdasarkan data empiris di lapangan. Penelitian ini juga berupaya mengungkap permasalahan pembelajaran secara menyeluruh dan kontekstual dengan menempatkan peneliti sebagai instrumen kunci. Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK) yang dilaksanakan dalam dua siklus. Setiap siklus terdiri atas empat pertemuan dengan alokasi waktu 2 × 40 menit per pertemuan. Teknik pengumpulan data …

Interspecific Variation In Leaf-Level Biogenic Emissions Of The Bambuseae, Andrea Natalie Melnychenko

Dissertations and Theses

Plants emit a diverse range of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) into the atmosphere, of which isoprene is the most abundantly emitted. Isoprene significantly affects biological and atmospheric processes, but the range of isoprene and BVOCs present in bamboos has not been well characterized. In this thesis I explore the range of isoprene emission found in bamboos and relate it to plant morphological and physiological characteristics. In addition, I measure and relate the entire suite of BVOCs present in the bamboos to their fundamental isoprene emission rate.

Interspecific variation in isoprene emission documented in a comprehensive survey of bamboos. Two …

Lipid Signaling In Plants, Xuemin Wang, Kent Chapman

Biology Department Faculty Works

No abstract provided.

Cryptopatches Are Essential For The Development Of Human Galt, Tomonori Nochi, Paul W. Denton, Angela Wahl, J. Victor Garcia

Biology Faculty Publications

Abnormal gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) in humans is associated with infectious and autoimmune diseases, which cause dysfunction of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract immune system. To aid in investigating GALT pathologies in vivo, we bioengineered a human-mouse chimeric model characterized by the development of human GALT structures originating in mouse cryptopatches. This observation expands our mechanistic understanding of the role of cryptopatches in human GALT genesis and emphasizes the evolutionary conservation of this developmental process. Immunoglobulin class switching to IgA occurs in these GALT structures, leading to numerous human IgAproducing plasma cells throughout the intestinal lamina propria. CD4+ T cell depletion …

Breed Locally, Disperse Globally: Fine-Scale Genetic Structure Despite Landscape-Scale Panmixia In A Fire-Specialist, Jennifer C. Pierson, Fred W. Allendorf, Pierre Drapeau, Michael K. Schwartz

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

An exciting advance in the understanding of metapopulation dynamics has been the investigation of how populations respond to ephemeral patches that go 'extinct' during the lifetime of an individual. Previous research has shown that this scenario leads to genetic homogenization across large spatial scales. However, little is known about fine-scale genetic structuring or how this changes over time in ephemeral patches. We predicted that species that specialize on ephemeral habitats will delay dispersal to exploit natal habitat patches while resources are plentiful and thus display fine-scale structure. To investigate this idea, we evaluated the effect of frequent colonization of ephemeral …

The Embryonic Transcriptome Of The Red-Eared Slider Turtle (Trachemys Scripta), Nicholas J. Kaplinsky, Scott F. Gilbert, J. Cebra-Thomas, K. Lilleväli, M. Saare, Eric Yanbo Chang , '13, Hannah Elizabeth Edelman , '12, Melissa Afton Frick , '12, Yin Guan , '13, Rebecca Ming Hammond , '13, Nicholas Henry Hampilos , '13, David Selassie Bampo Opoku , '12, Karim Sariahmed , '13, Eric Alan Sherman , '13, Ray Hess Bair Watson , '13

Biology Faculty Works

The bony shell of the turtle is an evolutionary novelty not found in any other group of animals, however, research into its formation has suggested that it has evolved through modification of conserved developmental mechanisms. Although these mechanisms have been extensively characterized in model organisms, the tools for characterizing them in non-model organisms such as turtles have been limited by a lack of genomic resources. We have used a next generation sequencing approach to generate and assemble a transcriptome from stage 14 and 17 Trachemys scripta embryos, stages during which important events in shell development are known to take place. …

The Genesis Of Malaria: The Origin Of Mosquitoes And Their Protistan Cargo, Plasmodium Falciparum, Alan L. Gillen, Frank Sherwin

Faculty Publications and Presentations

Malaria is caused by the parasite belonging to the genus Plasmodium; however, creation biologists maintain this organism was not always parasitic. Plasmodium is probably a degenerate form of algae. Mosquitoes, the vector of Plasmodium, were probably designed to be pollinators, not parasite vectors. In this article, we present both the evolutionary and creation explanation for the origin of malaria with a mention to its vector, the mosquito.

The purpose of this article is to provide a reasonable explanation for the genesis of malaria. Microbiology and parasitology research based on the creation paradigm appears to provide some answers to these puzzling …

Effect Of Black Tea Extract On Herpes Simplex Virus-1 Infection Of Cultured Cells, Anthony Cantatore, Sade D. Randall, Daniel Traum, Sandra Adams

Department of Biology Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works

Background: The purpose of this investigation was to determine if black tea extract (BTE), consisting primarily of flavanol compounds called theaflavins, could inhibit herpes simplex virus type-1 (HSV-1) infection in cultured A549 (human epithelial) and Vero cells.Methods: The effect of BTE both on A549 and Vero cultured cells and on HSV-1 was assessed by using phase contrast and fluorescent microscopy, and cell viability and proliferation assays. After establishing the maximum non-cytotoxic concentration of BTE, A549 and Vero cells and HSV-1 virions were treated with varying concentrations of BTE, respectively. A549 and Vero cells were infected with HSV-1 with green fluorescent …

Long-Term Nitrogen Addition Decreases Carbon Leaching In A Nitrogen-Rich Forest Ecosystem, X. Lu, Frank S. Gilliam, G. Yu, H. Chen, J. Mo

Biological Sciences Faculty Research

Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) plays a critical role in the carbon (C) cycle of forest soils, and has been recently connected with global increases in nitrogen (N) deposition. Most studies on effects of elevated N deposition on DOC have been carried out in N-limited temperate regions, with far fewer data available from N-rich ecosystems, especially in the context of chronically elevated N deposition. Furthermore, mechanisms for excess N-induced changes of DOC dynamics have been suggested to be different between the two kinds of ecosystems, because of the different ecosystem N status. The purpose of this study was to experimentally examine …

Screening Of Secondary Chemicals From Selected Species Of North American Lichens Against Various Pathologenic Bacteria, Jocelyn Raphael, Dr. Larry St. Clair

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Lichens consist of a fungus occurring symbiotically with a photosynthetic organism (such as an alga and/or cyanobacterium). Lichens are known to produce a high number of secondary metabolites. Studies have shown that these secondary compounds have various biological roles such as antibiotic, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative, antioxidant, etc. (Huneck, 1999; Molnar & Farkas, 2010). There is a great need for new forms of antibiotics as bacterial infection is an ongoing problem and many bacteria have become resistant to available treatments. To develop new forms of antibiotics many different potential compounds need to be tested. The purpose of this project was to …

Early Parental Death, Genetic Variants And Risk For Alzheimer’S Disease: Building A Risk Profile From The Cache County Study On Memory, Health And Aging, Michael Peterson, Dr. John Kauwe

Journal of Undergraduate Research

A person’s predisposition to Alzheimer’s Disease is known to be influenced by both genetic factors as well as environmental factors. One know environmental factor is that known to affect risk for disease is early parental death. The purpose of this research is to better understand the complex factors that influence the disease by analyzing the relationship between the environmental factor of early parental death with genetic variants known to influence the disease.

Genetic Relationships Of Cottus Bairdii In Butterfield Springs, Nevada, To Other Population Of Cottus Bairdii, Sun Yeong Oh, Dr. Dennis Shiozawa

Journal of Undergraduate Research

The goal for this project was to evaluate the genetic relationships of the freshwater sculpin, Cottus bairdii, in Butterfield Springs, Nevada, with other populations of C. bairdii. We planned to examine several mitochondrial genes, ND1, ND2, and the control region, to identify the most likely origin of this population. We hypothesized that these sculpins were from Colorado River Basin as Scoppettone speculated (Scoppettone, Rissler & Shea, 2004).

Teasing Out The “Why’S” Of Evolution: A Functional Assessment Of B-Class Protein Complexes, Holly Waddel, Dr. Clinton Whipple

Journal of Undergraduate Research

The evolution of floral development is caused by changes in gene function. The model for floral morphology is the ABC model of floral development (Coen & Meyerowits, 1991). In this model, A genes control sepals, A + B genes control petals, B + C genes control stamen, and C genes control carpels (See fig. 1). If B genes are removed, the resulting flower would contain only sepals and carpels, no petals or stamen.

The Effects Of Daidumene Lineata On The Intertidal Rock Pools, Preston Wilson, Russell Rader

Journal of Undergraduate Research

My experiment was to test the effect Diadumene lineata has on the marine life of the intertidal rock pools in the northwest.

Ontogenetic Scaling Of The Olfactory Antennae And Flicking Behavior Of The Shore Crab, Hemigrapsus Oregonensis, Lindsay D. Waldrop

Biology, Chemistry, and Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles and Research

Malacostracan crustaceans such as crabs flick antennae with arrays of olfactory sensilla called aesthetascs through the water to sense odors. Flicking by crabs consists of a quick downstroke, in which aesthetascs are deflected laterally (splayed), and a slower, reversed return stroke, in which aesthetascs clump together. This motion causes water to be flushed within and then held in between aesthetascs to deliver odor molecules to olfactory receptors. Although this odor sampling method relies on a narrow range of speeds, sizes, and specific arrangements of aesthetascs, most crabs dramatically change these during ontogeny. In this study, the morphometrics of the aesthetascs, …

Phylogeny Of Acridoidea (Orthoptera: Caelifera) Based On Complete Mitochondrial Genome Data: Testing Partition Strategies, James Leavitt, Dr. Michael Whiting

Journal of Undergraduate Research

The orthopteran superfamily Acridoidea (Orthoptera, Caelifera), which includes grasshoppers and their nearest relatives, is the largest of the orthopteran superfamilies and provides an excellent model for studying the evolution of mitochondrial genomes. Ultimately I was able to reconstruct a phylogeny for Caelifera based on entire mitochondrial genomes (mtgenomes) in order to (1) evaluate the relative effectiveness of various data partitioning strategies within a Maximum Likelihood (ML) framework; (2) evaluate the conservation of anti-codons across the group and elucidate patterns among the start and stop codons of the mitochondrial protein coding genes (MPCGs); and (3) specifically test the monophyly of Acridoidea …

The Effect Of Male Dominance On Female Mate Choice In Poecilia Gillii, Michael Mcentire, Dr. Jerald Johnson

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Female mate choice (intersexual selection) and male dominance interactions (intrasexual selection) can each play important roles in sexual selection. These two mechanisms tend to be discussed in isolation. The goal of this study is to explore the interaction between these two forms of sexual selection. To test this idea, we focused on the livebearing tropical fish system Poecilia gillii (See Figure 1). We grouped males into similarly sized pairs and observed them for a week to determine which male was dominant. These pairs were then presented to females in mate choice trials to ascertain female preference. Our data appears to …

Interaction – Characterizing The Effect Of Chromosome 21 On Both Tau And Aß42 In Alzheimer’S Disease, Mo Lee, Dr. John Kauwe

Journal of Undergraduate Research

It turns out that the data for chromosome 21 didn’t come to me at all. There were some problem with the data itself according to our co-researchers. However, the data for the phenotype YKL40, which is a promising gene that might affect the pathology of Alzheimer’s Disease. Dr. Kauwe decided that we should utilize the ORCA grant on this data that we had.

What Fatty Acids In Dairy Cow Feces May Predict Resistance Or Susceptibility To Production-Related Metabolic Diseases, Brian Melville, Beverly Roeder

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Dairy cows supply an important food source for humans, and any disease that hurts production threatens this source. Once a cow has a PRMD (production related metabolic disease) there are many signs and symptoms that are readily observed and tested for, but it would be useful to use diagnostic techniques to discover if an animal is at risk of a future disease when the cow is clinically normal. These diagnostic tools could be used with clinically normal healthy appearing cows, empowering producers to make more informed decisions about animal care to improve milk production. Other exciting possibilities exist, such as …

Polyomavirus Phylogenetics In Relation To Host Switches, David Morris, Dr. Keith Crandall

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Evolutionary Biology is not a branch of biology that spends much time in the public eye. It just doesn’t have flashy results like cloning or evocative naturalist documentaries to captivate the imagination. However, this doesn’t mean that evolutionary biology is any less essential to our understanding of life and how it may eventually impact people in their daily lives.

Muscle Na+/K+-Atpase Isoform Regulation In Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss) Following Burst And Sustained Swimming Challenges, Mattina Alonge

College of Science and Health Theses and Dissertations

Rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, are often recognized for their physiologically demanding migration patterns. Shifts in relative expression of specific Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase isoforms have been identified during salinity acclimation and similar changes in expression may also occur in response to other physiological challenges. The Na⁺/K⁺- ATPase plays a crucial role in the maintenance of membrane potential and excitability during muscle contraction through prompt restoration of sodium and potassium gradients. Additionally, a tissue-specific isoform (α2) has been identified within skeletal muscle, with localized expression conserved across multiple species but the specific function is unknown. …

Mitochondrial Energetics Of Benthic And Pelagic Antarctic Teleosts, Eloy Martinez, Michael A. Menze, Joseph P. Torres

Faculty Research & Creative Activity

Antarctic fauna are highly adapted to the frigid waters of the Southern Ocean. This study describes the in vitro temperature sensitivity of oxygen consumption rates measured in liver mitochondria from the pelagic notothenioid Pleuragramma antarcticum between 5 and 35 C. Oxygen fluxes were measured after the addition of millimolar levels of pyruvate, malate, succinate and glutamate (state II, LEAK) and saturating levels of ADP [state III, oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS)]. State III respiration significantly decreased above 18.7 C. A comparison of the oxidative capacities among P. antarcticum and other notothenioids showed significant differences in state III respiration, where benthic species exhibited …

Mitochondrial Energetics Of Benthic And Pelagic Antarctic Teleosts., Eloy Martinez, Michael A. Menze, Joseph J. Torres

Faculty and Staff Scholarship

Antarctic fauna are highly adapted to the frigid waters of the Southern Ocean. This study describes the in vitro temperature sensitivity of oxygen consumption rates measured in liver mitochondria from the pelagic notothenioid Pleuragramma antarcticum between 5 and 35 C. Oxygen fluxes were measured after the addition of millimolar levels of pyruvate, malate, succinate and glutamate (state II, LEAK) and saturating levels of ADP [state III, oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS)]. State III respiration significantly decreased above 18.7 C. A comparison of the oxidative capacities among P. antarcticum and other notothenioids showed significant differences in state III respiration, where benthic species exhibited …