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2013

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Articles 1351 - 1380 of 1508

Full-Text Articles in Biology

A Cellulase-Free, Thermoactive, And Alkali Xylanase Production By Terrestrial Streptomyces Sp. Ca24, İlknur Porsuk, Süleyman Özakin, Bülent Bali̇, Ebru İnce Yilmaz Jan 2013

A Cellulase-Free, Thermoactive, And Alkali Xylanase Production By Terrestrial Streptomyces Sp. Ca24, İlknur Porsuk, Süleyman Özakin, Bülent Bali̇, Ebru İnce Yilmaz

Turkish Journal of Biology

Microbial xylanases have attracted much attention because of their applications in industrial processes during the past few decades. Sixty-five terrestrial actinomycetes previously isolated from rhizospheric soils of endemic plants were tested for their ability in production of xylanase. The results revealed that 33 isolates could degrade xylan on both solid and liquid media. Extracellular xylanase production by these isolates was characterized during their growth in liquid medium. Streptomyces sp. CA24, one of the most active strains, was selected for optimization of xylanase production. The enzyme secretion was enhanced when the medium was supplemented with oat spelt xylan (0.5%) and yeast …

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Purification And Characterization Of A Novel Detergent- And Organic Solvent-Resistant Endo-Beta-1,4-Glucanase From A Newly Isolated Basidiomycete Peniophora Sp. Ndvn01, Dinh Kha Trinh, Dinh Thi Quyen, Thi Tuyen Do, Ngoc Minh Nghiem Jan 2013

Purification And Characterization Of A Novel Detergent- And Organic Solvent-Resistant Endo-Beta-1,4-Glucanase From A Newly Isolated Basidiomycete Peniophora Sp. Ndvn01, Dinh Kha Trinh, Dinh Thi Quyen, Thi Tuyen Do, Ngoc Minh Nghiem

Turkish Journal of Biology

A novel extracellular endoglucanase from a basidiomycete strain Peniophora sp. NDVN01 was purified 2.8-fold to homogeneity through ammonium sulfate precipitation and gel filtration with Bio-Gel P-100 and Sephadex G-75. The endoglucanase had a specific activity of 163.8 U/mg protein and a molecular mass of 32 kDa. Optimum temperature and pH were at 60 °C and 4.5, respectively. The enzyme was stable at up to 42 °C and in the pH range of 3.5-5.5 with a residual activity of over 80% for 24 h of treatment. Ni^2^+ activated but other metal ions showed no or slight inhibitory effect on the enzyme …

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Characterization Of A New Isolate Of Malacosoma Neustria Nucleopolyhedrovirus (Manenpv) From Turkey, İsmai̇l Demi̇r, Remzi̇ye Nalçacioğlu, Li̇da Mohammad Gholi̇zad, Zi̇hni̇ Demi̇rbağ Jan 2013

Characterization Of A New Isolate Of Malacosoma Neustria Nucleopolyhedrovirus (Manenpv) From Turkey, İsmai̇l Demi̇r, Remzi̇ye Nalçacioğlu, Li̇da Mohammad Gholi̇zad, Zi̇hni̇ Demi̇rbağ

Turkish Journal of Biology

The lackey moth, Malacosoma neustria (Linnaeus, 1758), a worldwide pest, causes extensive economic losses on particularly hazelnut, Prunus, Quercus, Populus, and Salix trees. In this study, a local nucleopolyhedrovirus (NPV) was isolated from the larvae of M. neustria in the northeast of Turkey. It was named ManeNPV-T2. Electron microscopic observations showed that the polyhedra of the new isolate contain several virions with multiple nucleocapsids packaged within a single viral envelope. Restriction endonuclease analysis of ManeNPV-T2 DNA indicated that it has a different restriction profile compared to the previous Turkish and Latvian isolates. The phylogenetic analysis of the amplified polh sequence …

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Optimization Of Immobilization Conditions By Conventional And Statistical Strategies For Alkaline Lipase Production By Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Mutant Cells: Scale-Up At Bench-Scale Bioreactor Level, Deepali Bisht, Santosh Kumar Yadav, Nandan Singh Darmwal Jan 2013

Optimization Of Immobilization Conditions By Conventional And Statistical Strategies For Alkaline Lipase Production By Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Mutant Cells: Scale-Up At Bench-Scale Bioreactor Level, Deepali Bisht, Santosh Kumar Yadav, Nandan Singh Darmwal

Turkish Journal of Biology

Suitability of 3 matrices, agarose, sodium alginate, and polyacrylamide, for immobilization of mutant cells of Pseudomonas aeruginosa MTCC 10,055 was investigated. Of these, agarose was proven to be the best as exhibiting maximum enzyme production (4363.4 U/mL), followed by polyacrylamide gel (2172.3 U/mL). Alginate beads were the poorest. The one-variable-at-a-time approach suggested agarose at 2.0%, immobilized bead at 4.0 g blocks/50 mL, and initial cell loading of 0.8 g in the matrix as optimum conditions for maximum lipase production (5982.3 U/mL) after 24 h of incubation. However, response surface methodology studies determined the optimum values of these variables as 1.96%, …

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Investigation Of Ll-37-Mediated Sirna Transfection, Mustafa Yalçinkaya, Şahru Yüksel Jan 2013

Investigation Of Ll-37-Mediated Sirna Transfection, Mustafa Yalçinkaya, Şahru Yüksel

Turkish Journal of Biology

RNA interference is not only an important tool for studying protein function; it also holds many promises for the treatment of a variety of diseases in which the function of unwanted proteins needs to be suppressed. For small interfering RNA (siRNA) to be used as a therapeutic agent, the biggest hurdle is to find the right delivery agent that is both nontoxic to the cells and efficient in delivery. Synthetic and natural peptides from a variety of organisms have been investigated for this purpose. However, there is still no agent or formulation that has been approved for siRNA delivery. Antimicrobial …

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Phospholipases C From Pseudomonas Aeruginosa And Bacillus Cereus Isolates, Chromosome-Mediated Enzymes With Roles In Virulence, Nooran Elleboudy, Mohammad Aboulwafa, Nadia Hassouna Jan 2013

Phospholipases C From Pseudomonas Aeruginosa And Bacillus Cereus Isolates, Chromosome-Mediated Enzymes With Roles In Virulence, Nooran Elleboudy, Mohammad Aboulwafa, Nadia Hassouna

Turkish Journal of Biology

Phospholipases C (PLCs) from Pseudomonas aeruginosa D183 and Bacillus cereus D101, 2 clinical isolates from 2 pus specimens, were partially purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation followed by dialysis and used to study the possible role of PLC in the virulence of the isolates. Partially purified PLC from both isolates induced lysis of Vero cells in the presence and absence of the producing bacterial cells. Noncytolytic dilutions of the partially purified PLC from Pseudomonas aeruginosa increased adherence of the producing cells to Vero cells but did not affect internalization. However, Bacillus cereus cells neither adhered to nor were internalized within the …

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Occurrence Of Enterocin Genes, Virulence Factors, And Antibiotic Resistance In 3 Bacteriocin-Producer Enterococcus Faecium Strains Isolated From Turkish Tulum Cheese, Banu Özden Tuncer, Zeli̇ha Ay, Yasi̇n Tuncer Jan 2013

Occurrence Of Enterocin Genes, Virulence Factors, And Antibiotic Resistance In 3 Bacteriocin-Producer Enterococcus Faecium Strains Isolated From Turkish Tulum Cheese, Banu Özden Tuncer, Zeli̇ha Ay, Yasi̇n Tuncer

Turkish Journal of Biology

In this study, the occurrence of enterocin genes, virulence factors, and antibiotic resistance in the bacteriocin-producer Enterococcus faecium EYT17, EYT31, and EYT39 strains was investigated. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) studies showed that all of the E. faecium strains carried the enterocin A and B structural genes (entA and entB), while E. faecium EYT17 and EYT31 strains also carried the enterocin P structural gene (entP). None of the strains exhibited \beta-haemolysis or gelatinase activity. PCR analysis revealed that EYT17, EYT31, and EYT39 strains were clear of potential virulence determinants, except for ccf and efaAfm. The ccf gene was found in all …

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The Utilization Of Lignocellulosic Wastes For Laccase Production Under Semisolid-State And Submerged Fermentation Conditions, Emre Bi̇rhanli, Özfer Yeşi̇lada Jan 2013

The Utilization Of Lignocellulosic Wastes For Laccase Production Under Semisolid-State And Submerged Fermentation Conditions, Emre Bi̇rhanli, Özfer Yeşi̇lada

Turkish Journal of Biology

The aim of this study was to produce laccase enzymes by using various lignocellulosic wastes (LCWs) under semisolid-state (SsF) and submerged fermentation (SF) conditions. White rot fungi are the best laccase-producing organisms and they can be easily grown on LCW. Thus, in this work, Trametes trogii (Berk.) ATCC 200800 and Trametes versicolor (L.) ATCC 200801, well-known laccase-producing white rot fungi, were used as laccase-producing organisms. According to the literature, some of the LCWs such as sunflower receptacle, apricot seed shell, and bulrush were tested first as substrates for laccase production by these fungi. In SsF, the maximum laccase activities were …

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Stimulation Of Dendritic Cells With Vaccine And Vaccine-Antibody Complex And Effect On Immune Response, İbrahi̇m Hati̇poğlu, İbrahi̇m Söğüt, Duygu Ercan, Soner Aksu, Hülya Si̇vas, Aynur Başalp Jan 2013

Stimulation Of Dendritic Cells With Vaccine And Vaccine-Antibody Complex And Effect On Immune Response, İbrahi̇m Hati̇poğlu, İbrahi̇m Söğüt, Duygu Ercan, Soner Aksu, Hülya Si̇vas, Aynur Başalp

Turkish Journal of Biology

Dendritic cell (DC) vaccines are a promising and potent therapeutic tool for chronic diseases, autoimmune diseases, and cancer because of the unique ability of DCs to stimulate T cells. The challenge of DC vaccines is to find an effective form for antigen presentation. Although pure antigens, antigen complexes, plasmids, and mRNA have been used in different studies, no proper application to overcome this problem has been found yet. In this study, we investigated the eligibility of a commercial hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccine or a vaccine-monoclonal antibody complex for antigen loading of DCs for a therapeutic purpose. DCs were derived …

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Pomegranate (Punica Granatum L.) Reduces Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Induced By Renal Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury In Rat, Khadijeh Hashemi, Kazem Parivar, Samira Fazlifar, Alireza Haghparast, Mehrdad Mohri, Naser Margan Azghadi, Mohammadhossein Nazem Shirazi, Amir Afkhami Goli Jan 2013

Pomegranate (Punica Granatum L.) Reduces Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Induced By Renal Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury In Rat, Khadijeh Hashemi, Kazem Parivar, Samira Fazlifar, Alireza Haghparast, Mehrdad Mohri, Naser Margan Azghadi, Mohammadhossein Nazem Shirazi, Amir Afkhami Goli

Turkish Journal of Biology

Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) is one of the main causes of acute renal failure, leading to generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and ensuing oxidative stress, which results in unfolded/misfolded protein accumulation and its dependent response pathways, generally known as unfolded protein response (UPR), in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). We studied the effects of renal I/R on the expression of ER-stress genes, as well as concomitant effects of oral pretreatment with pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) pith and carpellary membrane (PPCM). An in vivo model of rat kidney I/R followed by conventional and real-time RT-PCR was used to evaluate the modulation of GRP78 …

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Production Of Herbicide-Resistant Cowpea (Vigna Unguiculata L.) Transformed With The Bar Gene, Muhammad Aasim, Khalid Mahmood Khawar, Sebahatti̇n Özcan Jan 2013

Production Of Herbicide-Resistant Cowpea (Vigna Unguiculata L.) Transformed With The Bar Gene, Muhammad Aasim, Khalid Mahmood Khawar, Sebahatti̇n Özcan

Turkish Journal of Biology

Plant genetic engineering has opened new avenues to modify crops and has provided a powerful tool for crop improvement. The present study reports the development of regeneration and genetic transformation protocol for the Turkish cowpea cultivar Akkiz. The immature cotyledons were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 0.25-0.75 mg L^{-1} 6-benzylaminopurine with or without 0.25 mg L^{-1} \alpha-naphthalene acetic acid. Shoot regeneration varied 44.4%-83.3% with 2.1-5.0 shoots per explant. Regenerated shoots were rooted in MS medium containing 0.50 mg L^{-1} indole-3-butyric acid and acclimatized in the greenhouse, where they flowered and set seeds. Immature cotyledons were transformed with …

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Assessment Of Genetic Diversity In Naturally Growing 29 Trifolium L. Taxa From Bolu Province Using Rapd And Ssr Markers, Emel Uslu, Gözde Damla Ertuğrul, Mehmet Teki̇n Babaç Jan 2013

Assessment Of Genetic Diversity In Naturally Growing 29 Trifolium L. Taxa From Bolu Province Using Rapd And Ssr Markers, Emel Uslu, Gözde Damla Ertuğrul, Mehmet Teki̇n Babaç

Turkish Journal of Biology

Two molecular marker technologies, RAPD and SSR, were used to determine the genetic diversity of 29 taxa of Trifolium L. collected from Bolu Province. The analysis was carried out using 11 RAPD and 5 SSR markers. A total of 446 and 331 fragments were produced by RAPD and SSR markers, respectively. The amplification products were 300-3500 bp with RAPD and 125-3000 bp with SSR markers. These bands were scored as absence and presence for all taxa. Data obtained were used to estimate genetic similarity using Jaccard’s coefficient, and dendrograms were constructed by the UPGMA method using either RAPD and SSR …

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Effect Of Drought Stress On Oxidative Damage And Antioxidant Enzyme Activity In Melon Seedlings, Musa Kavas, Mehmet Cengi̇z Baloğlu, Oya Akça, Fatma Seli̇n Köse, Derya Gökçay Jan 2013

Effect Of Drought Stress On Oxidative Damage And Antioxidant Enzyme Activity In Melon Seedlings, Musa Kavas, Mehmet Cengi̇z Baloğlu, Oya Akça, Fatma Seli̇n Köse, Derya Gökçay

Turkish Journal of Biology

Drought stress is one of the most serious environmental limitations affecting the growth and productivity of plants. In the current study, oxidative damage and antioxidant responses under polyethylene glycol (PEG)-induced osmotic stress were compared in 2 melon cultivars, Kırkağaç and Galia. Melon seedlings were subjected to PEG-6000 solutions of 2 different osmotic potentials, -0.2 MPa and -0.4 MPa. Various physiological parameters, malondialdehyde (MDA), proline content, and antioxidant enzymes including catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and glutathione reductase (GR) were measured. A reduction in fresh and dry weights of shoot and root tissues was observed. Significant proline accumulation was detected with …

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Effect Of Genotypical Factors On The Effectiveness Of Anther Culture In Eggplant (Solanum Melongena L.), Sevi̇nç Başay, Şeküre Şebnem Elli̇altioğlu Jan 2013

Effect Of Genotypical Factors On The Effectiveness Of Anther Culture In Eggplant (Solanum Melongena L.), Sevi̇nç Başay, Şeküre Şebnem Elli̇altioğlu

Turkish Journal of Biology

The aim of this study was to determine the androgenic capacity of some eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) varieties and breeding lines, and to establish the effectiveness of androgenesis induction in the less responsive genotypes by crossing with more responsive genotypes that have a high ability for haploid embryo formation. Flower buds containing greenish-yellow anthers were collected when the microspores were at the late uninucleate stage, which is equivalent to a bud size where petals are not visible. The anthers were kept in the dark at 35 °C for 8 days, then incubated with a 12 h light period at 25 …

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Probing The Architecture Of Testis And Morphology Of Male Germinal Cells In The Mud Crab With The Atomic Force Microscopy, Mahalingam Anbarasu, Ramangalingam Kirubagaran, Gopal Dharani, Thanumalaya Subramoniam Jan 2013

Probing The Architecture Of Testis And Morphology Of Male Germinal Cells In The Mud Crab With The Atomic Force Microscopy, Mahalingam Anbarasu, Ramangalingam Kirubagaran, Gopal Dharani, Thanumalaya Subramoniam

Turkish Journal of Biology

The architecture of testicular lobules, morphology of spermatozoa, and spermatophore in the mud crab, Scylla serrata, are described for the first time employing atomic force microscopy (AFM). A fast and simple squash preparation protocol was followed using crustacean physiological saline without distorting the natural structure. Observations provided new insight into the arrangement of lobules and morphology of testicular assembly. It consists of a close network of lobules of different sizes in a radial manner on radially branching basal tubules. Budding of new lobules is another distinguishable feature noted in the network of testicular organization. A thin membranous envelope of the …

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Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns Of Environmental And Hospital Isolations Of Enterococci In Aydın, Erman Oryaşin, Haci Hali̇l Biyik, Gamze Başbülbül, Bülent Bozdoğan Jan 2013

Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns Of Environmental And Hospital Isolations Of Enterococci In Aydın, Erman Oryaşin, Haci Hali̇l Biyik, Gamze Başbülbül, Bülent Bozdoğan

Turkish Journal of Biology

The aim of the present study was to evaluate antimicrobial susceptibilities of enterococci isolated from water, soil, waste, and food samples to determine resistance mechanisms and their transferability, and to test clonality of these environmental enterococci. The results were compared with the susceptibility patterns of hospital enterococci reported in a previous study. Samples from 9 environmental sources were cultured, and species were identified using 16S rRNA sequencing. Antimicrobial susceptibilities were determined by the agar dilution method. The minimum inhibitory concentrations were tested for vancomycin, tetracycline, teicoplanin, ampicillin, gentamicin, erythromycin, rifampicin, clindamycin, chloramphenicol, and ciprofloxacin. Resistance genes and transposons were determined …

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Production And Characterization Of Uricase From Streptomyces Exfoliatus Ur10 Isolated From Farm Wastes, Magda Aly, Sanaa Tork, Saleh Al-Garni, Reda Allam Jan 2013

Production And Characterization Of Uricase From Streptomyces Exfoliatus Ur10 Isolated From Farm Wastes, Magda Aly, Sanaa Tork, Saleh Al-Garni, Reda Allam

Turkish Journal of Biology

Uricase plays an important role in nitrogen metabolism and can be used medically as a diagnostic reagent. From soil, wastewater, and poultry waste samples collected in Jeddah, 49 bacterial isolates were obtained on either nutrient agar or starch nitrate agar. All the obtained isolates were screened on minimal medium containing 0.5% uric acid for uricase production. The most active bacterium (isolate UR10) produced about 0.5 U/mL of intracellular uricase and was identified as a species belonging to the genus Streptomyces using morphological, physiological, and biochemical characters. By 16S rDNA, it was identified as Streptomyces exfoliatus UR10. Maximum uricase production was …

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Purification And Biochemical Characterization Of An Extracellular Lipase From Psychrotolerant Pseudomonas Fluorescens Ke38, Aysun Adan Gökbulut, Alper Arslanoğlu Jan 2013

Purification And Biochemical Characterization Of An Extracellular Lipase From Psychrotolerant Pseudomonas Fluorescens Ke38, Aysun Adan Gökbulut, Alper Arslanoğlu

Turkish Journal of Biology

An extracellular lipase producing bacterium was isolated from a soil sample, and identified as a strain of Pseudomonas fluorescens by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. It was named Pseudomonas fluorescens KE38. KE38 showed psychrotolerant properties with an optimum growth temperature of 25 °C. The lipase enzyme secreted by KE38 was purified 41.13-fold with an overall yield of 54.99%, and a specific activity of 337.3 U/mg. The molecular mass of purified lipase was estimated to be approximately 43 kDa by SDS-PAGE. Although the lipase was active at a temperature range of 15–65 °C, it exhibited maximum activity at 45 °C, at pH …

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Global Assessment Of Network Inference Algorithms Based On Available Literature Of Gene/Protein Interactions, Gökmen Altay, Nejla Altay, David Neal Jan 2013

Global Assessment Of Network Inference Algorithms Based On Available Literature Of Gene/Protein Interactions, Gökmen Altay, Nejla Altay, David Neal

Turkish Journal of Biology

We propose a framework that uses the available gene/protein interaction databases of the literature as a universal benchmark in order to globally assess the inference performances of gene network inference algorithms. We also developed an R software package for convenient use of the framework, which can also be used in general as a quick tool to search in the literature for available validations of interactions. We applied the proposed approach to 2 publicly available prostate cancer gene expression datasets and a large breast cancer gene expression dataset. The results revealed different aspects and superiority of algorithms that had not been …

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Effect Of Asiatic And Ursolic Acids On Growth And Virulence Factors Of Uropathogenic Escherichia Coli Strains, Dorota Wojnicz, Dorota Tichaczek-Goska, Marta Kicia Jan 2013

Effect Of Asiatic And Ursolic Acids On Growth And Virulence Factors Of Uropathogenic Escherichia Coli Strains, Dorota Wojnicz, Dorota Tichaczek-Goska, Marta Kicia

Turkish Journal of Biology

This work was aimed at determining the possible antimicrobial potential of asiatic acid (AA) and ursolic acid (UA) against clinical uropathogenic Escherichia coli strains (UPECs). Phylogenetic affiliations of UPECs and virulence-associated gene carriage have been identified. PCR analysis revealed that the studied E. coli strains belong to phylogenetic group B2. All bacterial isolates were grouped into 4 pathotypes. The following were determined: the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) according to CLSI; P-fimbriae synthesis, based on erythrocyte agglutination; curli fibers, by using YESCA agar with congo red; swimming motility, in motility agar; and alpha-hemolysin, on sheep’s-blood agar plates. The differences in antigrowth …

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Hepatopancreas Mitochondria Of Mytilus Galloprovincialis: Effect Of Zinc Ions On Mitochondrial Bioenergetics And Metabolism, Antonino De Lisi, Ermelinda Prato, Francesca Biandolino, Giulio Sarli, Donatella Negro, Gianluigi La Piana, Domenico Marzulli Jan 2013

Hepatopancreas Mitochondria Of Mytilus Galloprovincialis: Effect Of Zinc Ions On Mitochondrial Bioenergetics And Metabolism, Antonino De Lisi, Ermelinda Prato, Francesca Biandolino, Giulio Sarli, Donatella Negro, Gianluigi La Piana, Domenico Marzulli

Turkish Journal of Biology

Oxygen uptake, respiratory complexes, and metabolic activities have been studied in mitochondria isolated from the hepatopancreata of Mytilus galloprovincialis collected in the “Mar Grande” of Taranto (Ionian Sea, Italy). Although exposure to 5.0 µg Zn^{2+}/L resulted in a significant increase of states 3 and 4 respiration with glutamate + pyruvate as respiratory substrate, it was found that the exposure of mussels to different concentrations of Zn^{2+} (2.5–7.5 µg/L) neither inhibited mitochondrial respiration nor exerted any inhibitory effect on representative mitochondrial dehydrogenases. It rather stimulates these activities, producing an extra synthesis of adenosine triphosphate by hepatopancreas mitochondria and possibly increasing its …

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Silver Nanoparticles: Cytotoxic, Apoptotic, And Necrotic Effects On Mcf-7 Cells, Hakan Çi̇ftçi̇, Mustafa Türk, Uğur Tamer, Si̇yami̇ Karahan, Yusuf Menemen Jan 2013

Silver Nanoparticles: Cytotoxic, Apoptotic, And Necrotic Effects On Mcf-7 Cells, Hakan Çi̇ftçi̇, Mustafa Türk, Uğur Tamer, Si̇yami̇ Karahan, Yusuf Menemen

Turkish Journal of Biology

The present study was conducted to examine cytotoxic, apoptotic, and necrotic effects of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on MCF-7 cells. Colloidal AgNPs were fabricated in an alkaline pH environment via reduction of silver nitrate with hydroxylamine hydrochloride. The size of AgNPs was measured by atomic force microscopy (AFM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and dynamic light scattering. Zeta potential of AgNPs was determined by laser Doppler microelectrophoresis. After exposing MCF-7 cells to AgNPs for 24 h, cytotoxicity was measured by WST-1 assay. Apoptosis and necrosis in MCF-7 cells were detected by Annexin-V-FLUOS immunostaining and double staining of Hoechst dye with propidium iodide. …

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Activity Of Brassica Napus And Perilla Frutescens Microsomal \Omega-3 Desaturases Expressed In Yeast (Saccharomyces Cerevisiae), Mohammed Abdelreheem, David Hildebrand Jan 2013

Activity Of Brassica Napus And Perilla Frutescens Microsomal \Omega-3 Desaturases Expressed In Yeast (Saccharomyces Cerevisiae), Mohammed Abdelreheem, David Hildebrand

Turkish Journal of Biology

Yeast transformations with Brassica napus and Perilla frutescens \omega-3 desaturases were carried out. Feeding experiments on exogenous 18:2 at 10 mg/L and 100 mg/L for both genes under this investigation showed the same activity levels over the 3 days of the incubation, producing almost the same amount of 18:3. To further investigate the characteristics of B. napus and P. frutescens \omega -3 desaturases, a time-course in vivo activity study was conducted. Both enzymes showed the same behavior over the time course, desaturating 18:2 into 18:3. Moreover, the use of 2 different temperatures for incubation (30 °C and 20 °C) did …

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Differential Expression Analysis Of Defense-Related Genes Responsive To Tilletia Indica Infection In Wheat, Aradhika Tripathi, Rashmi Aggarwal, Anita Yadav Jan 2013

Differential Expression Analysis Of Defense-Related Genes Responsive To Tilletia Indica Infection In Wheat, Aradhika Tripathi, Rashmi Aggarwal, Anita Yadav

Turkish Journal of Biology

Karnal bunt caused by Tilletia indica is a quarantine disease responsible for qualitative and quantitative losses in wheat. The present study aimed to determine the expression of defense-related genes involved in early stages of infection in response to T. indica by using the differential display reverse transcriptase-PCR method (DDRT-PCR) in susceptible (WL 711) and resistant (HD 29) cultivars of wheat. The DDRT-PCR banding profiles generated by the random primers in combination with oligo-dT primers of resistant and susceptible wheat plants were evaluated at 0 h, 12 h, 24 h, and 48 h after inoculation. Out of 9 sets of primers, …

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Lignification Response For Rolled Leaves Of Ctenanthe Setosa Under Long-Term Drought Stress, Rabi̇ye Terzi̇, Nesli̇han Saruhan Güler, Ni̇hal Çalişkan, Asi̇m Kadioğlu Jan 2013

Lignification Response For Rolled Leaves Of Ctenanthe Setosa Under Long-Term Drought Stress, Rabi̇ye Terzi̇, Nesli̇han Saruhan Güler, Ni̇hal Çalişkan, Asi̇m Kadioğlu

Turkish Journal of Biology

Leaf rolling is a dehydration avoidance mechanism for plants under drought stress. To understand how it affects the lignification process in response to long-term drought stress in Ctenanthe setosa plants that have the leaf-rolling mechanism, the enzymes in lignification were studied in unrolled leaves as a control and at 2 different leaf rolling indices at days 35 and 47 of the drought period. The results indicated that the activities of phenylalanine ammonia lyase, indole-3-acetic acid oxidase, soluble peroxidase, ionically wall-bound peroxidase, covalently wall-bound peroxidase, and polyphenol oxidase were increased during long-term drought stress. However, nitrate reductase activity was decreased while …

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The Effect Of Sooty Mold On Fluorescence And Gas Exchange Properties Of Olive Tree, Sonia A. P. Santos, Conceicao Santos, Sonia Silva, Glória Pinto, Laura M. Torres, Antonio J. A. Nogueira Jan 2013

The Effect Of Sooty Mold On Fluorescence And Gas Exchange Properties Of Olive Tree, Sonia A. P. Santos, Conceicao Santos, Sonia Silva, Glória Pinto, Laura M. Torres, Antonio J. A. Nogueira

Turkish Journal of Biology

Sooty mold is a complex of dark-pigmented fungi that covers leaves and branches of the olive tree (Olea europaea L.). This coverage can bring several consequences for the plant, such as decrease of the photosynthetic rate. Therefore, this study aims to understand the effect of sooty mold on fluorescence and gas exchange of olive leaves. Olive leaves were field-collected and histological, physiological (water content, fluorescence parameters, and carbon dioxide fluxes), and biochemical (osmolality; chlorophyll a, b, and a/b contents; and lipid peroxidation) analyses were performed in healthy leaves and in leaves covered with sooty mold. Histological analysis revealed a complex …

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Characterization, Antifungal Activity, And Cell Immobilization Of A Chitinase From Serratia Marcescens Mo-1, Sezer Okay, Murat Özdal, Esabi̇ Başaran Kurbanoğlu Jan 2013

Characterization, Antifungal Activity, And Cell Immobilization Of A Chitinase From Serratia Marcescens Mo-1, Sezer Okay, Murat Özdal, Esabi̇ Başaran Kurbanoğlu

Turkish Journal of Biology

Chitinases have the potential to control many pathogen species, such as fungi containing chitin on their cell walls. In the present study, chitinase from novel isolate Serratia marcescens MO-1, isolated from Poecilimon tauricola (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) in Turkey, was investigated. The optimum pH and temperature for the chitinase activity were found to be pH 7.0 (36.6 U/mL) and 50 °C (37.1 U/mL), respectively. Moreover, the activity was still high in acidic (23.0 U/mL at pH 3.0) and basic (17.3 U/mL at pH 11.0) conditions as well as at lower (29.5 U/mL at 20 °C) and higher (28.7 U/mL at 80 °C) …

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Purification And Characterization Of Trehalase From Seeds Of Chickpea (Cicer Arietinum L.), Maimona Kord, Elhusseiny Youssef, Hanaa Ahmed, Ebtesam Qaid Jan 2013

Purification And Characterization Of Trehalase From Seeds Of Chickpea (Cicer Arietinum L.), Maimona Kord, Elhusseiny Youssef, Hanaa Ahmed, Ebtesam Qaid

Turkish Journal of Biology

In the present study, trehalase was purified and characterized from the seeds of Cicer arietinum L. ‘Giza 1’. Crude extract was prepared and purified for electrophoretic homogeneity using ammonium sulfate, chromatography on DEAE-cellulose, CM Sepharose, and Sephadex G-200. The final specific activity was 7 U/mg protein, with 232-fold purification. The purified enzyme exhibited its pH optimum at 5.5. The optimum temperature was 60 °C. The determined K_m value was 3.64 mM trehalose. The enzyme activity was stimulated by 20 mM Mn^{2+}, Ni^{2+}, or Co^{2+}, while it was inhibited by 20 mM Na^+, K^+, Li^+, Ca^{2+}, Zn^{2+}, Cu^{2+}, or Fe^{3+}. Zn^{2+} …

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A Comparative Study Of Egf Effects On In Vitro Bovine Embryo Development In Monoculture And Sequential Media, Azadeh Zahmatkesh, Mahmood Amiri Roudbar, Morteza Daliri Joupari Jan 2013

A Comparative Study Of Egf Effects On In Vitro Bovine Embryo Development In Monoculture And Sequential Media, Azadeh Zahmatkesh, Mahmood Amiri Roudbar, Morteza Daliri Joupari

Turkish Journal of Biology

Different culture system conditions can affect cleavage, zygote genome activation, embryo development, and viability. The purpose of the present study was to compare a monoculture synthetic oviductal fluid medium with modified sequential G1/G2 media and also to investigate the effect of epidermal growth factor (EGF) on bovine embryo development. Oocytes were aspirated from 2- to 6-mm ovarian follicles and matured in maturation media. After in vitro fertilization of matured oocytes, presumptive zygotes were cultured in test media with or without additional exogenous EGF. Results indicated that EGF significantly increased blastocyst formation but not cleavage rate in both media. There was …

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Genotoxic And Safety Assessment Of 2 Parabens In Somatic Cells Of In Vivo Drosophila Melanogaster, Ari̇f Ayar, Handan Uysal Jan 2013

Genotoxic And Safety Assessment Of 2 Parabens In Somatic Cells Of In Vivo Drosophila Melanogaster, Ari̇f Ayar, Handan Uysal

Turkish Journal of Biology

The objective of this study was to determine the possible genotoxic effects of the para-hydroxybenzoic acid esters (parabens) of methylparaben, propylparaben, and the mixed paraben groups formed by a combination of these, which are used as preservative substances in the food, cosmetic, and drug industries, on Drosophila melanogaster using the wing somatic mutation and recombination test (SMART). According to the data obtained from microscopic analysis, no increase was determined in the single type clone number at various concentrations (100, 150, 200, and 250 mM) of paraben groups in comparison with the control group. In addition, increases corresponding to the concentration …

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