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Articles 391 - 420 of 1064
Full-Text Articles in Biology
Molecular Evolution And Historical Biogeography Of New World Birds, Brian T. Smith
Molecular Evolution And Historical Biogeography Of New World Birds, Brian T. Smith
UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones
Deciphering the patterns of how biodiversity has evolved across time and space has remained a fundamental objective for biologists for the last 200 years. Researchers are faced with the challenge of interpreting the complexity of evolutionary patterns that have been generated over the deep history of the Earth. The advancement of DNA sequencing technology has yielded a new and powerful genetic toolkit that has allowed biologists to address novel evolutionary questions. For my dissertation research, I used molecular genetics and a statistical framework to study the evolution and historical biogeography of birds distributed in North and South America. My dissertation …
Second-Order Conditioning In Drosophila, Christopher J. Tabone
Second-Order Conditioning In Drosophila, Christopher J. Tabone
UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones
Animals possess the ability to associate neutral stimuli in their environment with both rewards and punishment. A conditioned stimulus (CS1) such as a smell or sound, can become associated with an unconditioned stimulus (US), such as a food reward, to elicit what is known as the conditioned response (CR). This type of learning is commonly referred to as classical conditioning or first-order conditioning (FOC). Second-order conditioning (SOC) is an extension of this type of association wherein a novel stimulus is introduced (CS2) and associated with a previously conditioning first-order stimulus (CS1). As a result, the organism may show an attraction …
Phylogeography Of Three Heteromyid Taxa: Insight On The Evolution Of A North American Arid Grassland Rodent Guild, Sean A. Neiswenter
Phylogeography Of Three Heteromyid Taxa: Insight On The Evolution Of A North American Arid Grassland Rodent Guild, Sean A. Neiswenter
UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones
Revealing how communities are shaped by abiotic and biotic factors plays a central role in biogeographic and comparative phylogeographic studies. The biogeography of North American arid grasslands is explored using nuclear and mitochondrial DNA from three groups of heteromyid rodents that are broadly sympatric in aridlands across western North America. Phylogenetic and molecular clock analyses are used to estimate the timing of divergences within each group. A general pattern of late Miocene divergence and expansion of lineages in each of the groups that is coincident with the rapid expansion of arid grasslands at the time. The initial divergence is followed …
Identification, Cloning And Characterization Of Van Operon In Cyanobacterium Synechococcus Sp. Iu 625, Robert Newby Jr.
Identification, Cloning And Characterization Of Van Operon In Cyanobacterium Synechococcus Sp. Iu 625, Robert Newby Jr.
Seton Hall University Dissertations and Theses (ETDs)
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The Effects Of Cadmium On The Hemoglobin Genes Of Chironomus Riparius, Anthony Gerardi
The Effects Of Cadmium On The Hemoglobin Genes Of Chironomus Riparius, Anthony Gerardi
Seton Hall University Dissertations and Theses (ETDs)
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Functional Classification Of Divergent Protein Sequences And Molecular Evolution Of Multi-Domain Proteins, Pooja K. Strope
Functional Classification Of Divergent Protein Sequences And Molecular Evolution Of Multi-Domain Proteins, Pooja K. Strope
School of Biological Sciences: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research
Transmembrane proteins and multi-domain proteins together make up more than 80% of the total proteins in any eukaryotic proteome. Therefore accurately classifying such proteins into functional classes is an important task. Furthermore, understanding the molecular evolution of multi-domain proteins is important because it shows how various domains fuse to form more complex proteins, and acquire new functions possibly affecting the organismal level of evolution. In this thesis, I first investigated the performance of several protein classifiers using one of the most divergent transmembrane protein families, the G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) superfamily, as an example. Alignment-free classifiers based on support vector machines …
Eugenics And Modern Biology: Critiques Of Eugenics, 1910-1945, Garland E. Allen
Eugenics And Modern Biology: Critiques Of Eugenics, 1910-1945, Garland E. Allen
Biology Faculty Research
Eugenics in most western countries in the first four decades of the twentieth century was based on the idea that genes control most human phenotypic traits, everything from physical features such as polydactyly and eye color to physiological conditions such as the A-B-O blood groups to mental and personality traits such as “feeblemindedness”, alcoholism and pauperism. It assessing the development of the eugenics movement – its rise and decline between 1900 and 1950 – it is important to recognize that its naïve assumptions and often flawed methodologies were openly criticized at the time by scientists and non-scientists alike. This paper …
From Growth To Extinction: Explored By Life History And Metabolic Theory, Wenyun Zuo
From Growth To Extinction: Explored By Life History And Metabolic Theory, Wenyun Zuo
Biology ETDs
The laws of energy and material conservation are fundamental principles across various scales and systems. Based on the conservation laws, I derive several theoretical models to understand mechanisms behind the energy budget of ontogenetic growth and the pattern of the late Pleistocene extinction of megafauna in the Americas. First, I present a model, empirically grounded in data from birds and mammals, that correctly predicts how growing animals allocate food energy between synthesis of new biomass and maintenance of existing biomass. Previous energy budget models have typically been based on rates of either food consumption or metabolic energy expenditure. The model …
Stable Isotopes Provide Insight Into The Use Of Wildlife Water Developments By Resident And Migrant Birds In The Sonoran Desert Of Arizona, Theresa C. Hyde
Stable Isotopes Provide Insight Into The Use Of Wildlife Water Developments By Resident And Migrant Birds In The Sonoran Desert Of Arizona, Theresa C. Hyde
Biology ETDs
Several studies have looked at the importance of man-made water resources to wildlife in desert regions. To our knowledge, however, none have attempted to directly quantify their importance to both resident and Neotropical migratory birds. During the spring and summer from 2007-2009, we enriched man-made water developments in the Sonoran Desert on the Kofa National Wildlife Refuge, Arizona. We enriched water developments using deuteriated water and sampled the body water pools of resident and migrant birds to quantify development use. We used a simple two end-point mixing model to estimate the proportion of an individual birds body water pool that …
Divergence In The Ecology Of Two Species Of Gambusia In Secondary Contact, Daniella Marilyn Swenton
Divergence In The Ecology Of Two Species Of Gambusia In Secondary Contact, Daniella Marilyn Swenton
Biology ETDs
Gambusia nobilis, a federally endangered species, and G. affinis (Poeciliidae) are small, livebearing fishes found in the southwestern U.S. The invasive G. affinis has been introduced globally to control mosquito populations. It is found in some populations of G. nobilis on Bitter Lake National Wildlife Refuge (BLNWR), the field site for this study. It is unclear to what extent the two species have diverged in behavior and ecology and how extensively they have hybridized on BLNWR, thereby threatening the endangered G. nobilis via genetic introgression. In this study I examined divergence in behavior and ecology between two species with four …
A Contribution To The Vascular Flora Of The Sequatchie Valley Within Sequatchie County, Tennessee, John Richard Evans
A Contribution To The Vascular Flora Of The Sequatchie Valley Within Sequatchie County, Tennessee, John Richard Evans
Masters Theses and Doctoral Dissertations
The vascular flora of the Sequatchie Valley within Sequatchie County, Tennessee was studied for three growing seasons from 2008 through 2010. The Sequatchie Valley is located within the southeastern portion of the Cumberland Plateau and is generally considered to be part of the Cumberland Plateau Physiographic Province. Nevertheless, a number of geological and ecological factors distinguish the Sequatchie Valley from the elevated Cumberland Plateau, suggesting that the floristic composition of the valley may be different from the surrounding region. Although several previous floristic studies have been conducted on the plateau surface, very little attention has been given to the Sequatchie …
Testing The Utility Of The Consortium For The Barcoding Of Life's Two 'Agreed Upon' Plant Dna Barcodes, Matk And Rbcl, Iam Michael Cohen
Testing The Utility Of The Consortium For The Barcoding Of Life's Two 'Agreed Upon' Plant Dna Barcodes, Matk And Rbcl, Iam Michael Cohen
Masters Theses and Doctoral Dissertations
DNA barcoding is the use of short standardized regions of DNA to identify unknown specimens to species. Currently, the zoological community has agreed that cytochrome oxidase I subunit 1 (COI), a mitochondrial gene region, will serve as the barcode region for all animal taxa. Due to oftentimes complicated evolutionary histories of plants, the plant barcoding community has had a much harder time agreeing on a gene region or regions that should be used to barcode the various land plant lineages. This is in large part due to poor reproductive barriers, which allows for chloroplast sharing between closely related species. In …
Design Of A BiobrickTm Compatible Gene Expression System For Rhodobacter Sphaeroides, Junling Huo
Design Of A BiobrickTm Compatible Gene Expression System For Rhodobacter Sphaeroides, Junling Huo
All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023
The concept of introducing engineering principles of abstraction and standardization into synthetic biology has received increasing attention in the past several years and continues to be in the forefront of synthetic biology. One direction being pursued by synthetic biologists is creation of modular biological parts (BioBrickTM) that can be readily synthesized and mixed together in different combinations. However, most standard BioBrickTM parts in the Registry were designed for E. coli, although synthesis of specific BioBrickTM parts for other bacteria, such as for yeast and cyanobacteria, have begun. Besides, at the present time, there are only …
A Study On The Applications And Toxicity Assessments Of Carbon Nanotubes In Tissue Engineering, Rena Baktur
A Study On The Applications And Toxicity Assessments Of Carbon Nanotubes In Tissue Engineering, Rena Baktur
All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are one of the most popular nanomaterials. There has been increasing interest in the development and applications of carbon nanotubes due to their huge potential in industrial and medical applications. Recent applications of carbon nanotubes include development of scaffolds and drug delivery systems. Despite rapidly emerging applications of CNTs, little is known about the impact of CNTs on cellular processes, especially mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)'s differentiation. Also, the effects of nanoparticle exposure under different conditions on cellular responses have not been well characterized yet.
To characterize the effects of CNTs on creating nanoscale scaffolds for tissue engineering, …
The Transition From 3-D To 2-D Visual Stimuli And Its Effect On Paired-Associate Learning, Amanda Beers
The Transition From 3-D To 2-D Visual Stimuli And Its Effect On Paired-Associate Learning, Amanda Beers
Mahurin Honors College Capstone Experience/Thesis Projects
A single experiment investigated the influence of varying dimensions of visual stimuli on the ability of academically gifted adolescents to recall paired-associations. Fifty-two participants were randomly assigned to one of four groups. Each group was asked to memorize the same set of 15 paired-word associations. The first group was presented with words only. The second group was presented with words and 2- dimensional (2-D) representations of each word. The third group was presented with words along with 3-dimensional (3-D) representations of the words. The fourth group was also presented words along with 3-D objects; however, this group was instructed to …
Passive Immunization Reduces Behavioral And Neuropathological Deficits In An Alpha-Synuclein Transgenic Model Of Lewy Body Disease, Troy Rohn
Biology Faculty Publications and Presentations
Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and Parkinson's Disease (PD) are common causes of motor and cognitive deficits and are associated with the abnormal accumulation of alpha-synuclein (α-syn). This study investigated whether passive immunization with a novel monoclonal α-syn antibody (9E4) against the C-terminus (CT) of α-syn was able to cross into the CNS and ameliorate the deficits associated with α-syn accumulation. In this study we demonstrate that 9E4 was effective at reducing behavioral deficits in the water maze, moreover, immunization with 9E4 reduced the accumulation of calpain-cleaved α-syn in axons and synapses and the associated neurodegenerative deficits. In vivo studies …
A Tutorial Of Manual Segmentation Using The Visualization Program Avizo® As Illustrated By The Skeleton Of The Spiny Dogfish Shark, Squalus Acanthias, Mateusz A. Lapucha
A Tutorial Of Manual Segmentation Using The Visualization Program Avizo® As Illustrated By The Skeleton Of The Spiny Dogfish Shark, Squalus Acanthias, Mateusz A. Lapucha
Honors Capstones
No abstract provided.
Exploring The Functional Interaction Between Camk-Ii And P53, Raymond Lai
Exploring The Functional Interaction Between Camk-Ii And P53, Raymond Lai
Theses and Dissertations
Calcium (Ca2+)/calmodulin-dependent kinase 2 (CaMK-II) is a multifunctional member of a family of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent serine/threonine protein kinases that respond to transient intracellular calcium signaling. CaMK-II has been reported to be involved with transcription regulation, cell motility, neuronal development, cell cycle regulation, and more recently early development of vertebrates (Easley et al., 2008; Rothschild et al., 2009; Francescatto et al., 2010). Through previous work in the lab using tandem mass spectrometry and “substrate-trapping mutants”, tumor suppressor protein 53 (p53) was identified as a novel CaMK-II binding partner in tissue culture. In this study, I sought to provide characterization of the functional …
Modeling A Model Organism: The Lamprey, Petromyzon Marinus, Bradley M. Wood
Modeling A Model Organism: The Lamprey, Petromyzon Marinus, Bradley M. Wood
Honors Capstones
No abstract provided.
An Exploration Of Pharmacognosy And Its Potential In The Multi-Faceted Solution Required To Address Hiv/Aids In Sub-Saharan Africa, Alexandra Sassi
An Exploration Of Pharmacognosy And Its Potential In The Multi-Faceted Solution Required To Address Hiv/Aids In Sub-Saharan Africa, Alexandra Sassi
Pell Scholars and Senior Theses
This work has both both biological and anthropoligcal foci. It addresses research done on the medicinal properties of plants and how this research could make positive contributions to the current social and biological issues surrounding the HIV/AIDS epidemic in sub-Saharan Africa.
Impacts Of The Species Elaeagnus Umbellate On The Soil And Water Quality Of The Pierce Cedar Creek Institute Ecosystem, Yacoub Aljobeh, Kristin Engerer
Impacts Of The Species Elaeagnus Umbellate On The Soil And Water Quality Of The Pierce Cedar Creek Institute Ecosystem, Yacoub Aljobeh, Kristin Engerer
Symposium on Research and Creative Expression (SORCE)
The species Elaeagnus umbellate, more commonly known as autumn olive, is a shrub that is invasive to the United States and indigenous to East Asia. Even though the autumn olive is not native to North America, it was able to thrive and adapt to the new environment by using its ability to fix nitrogen. Nitrogen-fixing is a process where plants intake molecular nitrogen from the atmosphere and convert it into other forms of nitrogen that can be used by the plants. One of the nitrogen-fixing by-products is nitrate. Excessive amounts of nitrate can easily leach from the plant’s root …
Siltation Related To Beaver Dam Decomposition In The Little Kankakee River, Mckenzie Kelly, Chris Bitcheno, Alyssa Thacker, Jon Gardow, Arissa Wallis
Siltation Related To Beaver Dam Decomposition In The Little Kankakee River, Mckenzie Kelly, Chris Bitcheno, Alyssa Thacker, Jon Gardow, Arissa Wallis
Symposium on Research and Creative Expression (SORCE)
The Little Kankakee River (LKR) in LaPorte County, Indiana is an uncommon example of a good, cold-water fishery in northwest Indiana. However, the river has variable sedimentation levels; deep silt often covers gravel and sand, smothering invertebrates, a key food source for higher trophic organisms. The LKR contains a naturally-decomposing, abandoned beaver dam. The purpose of this study is to monitor its impact upon upstream and downstream silt levels. This research intends to identify possible sources of variability in silt levels, benefiting restoration teams in determining effects of dam removals. Furthermore, understanding the impact and pattern of silt levels could …
Testing The Potential Of Using Fungi To Convert Human Waste Into Protein, Alex Zapata, Elizabeth Phillippi, Blair Mitchell, Jon Schoer, Michael Watters
Testing The Potential Of Using Fungi To Convert Human Waste Into Protein, Alex Zapata, Elizabeth Phillippi, Blair Mitchell, Jon Schoer, Michael Watters
Symposium on Research and Creative Expression (SORCE)
We report on the results of a pilot experiment designed to test the potential of filamentous fungi (mold) to reduce solid waste (feces) while converting it into a consumable, high protein food product. Feces represent an untapped resource. Filamentous fungi are natural decomposers with the ability to use this resource. Many filamentous fungi are safe to eat. We examined growth in order to determine the conditions which maximized the rate of conversion of solid waste into fungal biomass. For this pilot, we compared the effect of different lengths of incubation, different methods of aeration, and different available surface area. The …
Selex-Based Identification Of Synthetic Binding Sites For Streptomyces Acidiscabies 84.104 Γ-Butyrolactone Receptors: Sabs And Sabr., Caitin Nicole Spaulding
Selex-Based Identification Of Synthetic Binding Sites For Streptomyces Acidiscabies 84.104 Γ-Butyrolactone Receptors: Sabs And Sabr., Caitin Nicole Spaulding
Biology Honors Theses
Bacteria belonging to the Gram positive genus Streptomyces produce many secondary metabolite natural products of pharmaceutical importance and undergo a complex program of morphological differentiation. The expression of genes involved in these processes is often regulated by γ-butyrolactone (GBL) interactions with cognate GBL receptors. GBL receptors regulate gene expression by binding specific AT-rich DNA sequences known as autoregulatory elements (ARE) in response to available intracellular GBL pools. We previously identified two S. acidiscabies GBL receptor genes, sabR and sabS, flanking a gene encoding a GBL synthase homolog sabA. Genetic and biochemical studies revealed that sabR negatively regulates sabS expression by …
Fracture In Teeth—A Diagnostic For Inferring Bite Force And Tooth Function, Paul J. Constantino, Brian R. Lawn, James J.-W. Lee, Peter W. Lucas
Fracture In Teeth—A Diagnostic For Inferring Bite Force And Tooth Function, Paul J. Constantino, Brian R. Lawn, James J.-W. Lee, Peter W. Lucas
Biological Sciences Faculty Research
Teeth are brittle and highly susceptible to cracking. We propose that observations of such cracking can be used as a diagnostic tool for predicting bite force and inferring tooth function in living and fossil mammals. Laboratory tests on model tooth structures and extracted human teeth in simulated biting identify the principal fracture modes in enamel. Examination of museum specimens reveals the presence of similar fractures in a wide range of vertebrates, suggesting that cracks extended during ingestion or mastication. The use of ‘fracture mechanics’ from materials engineering provides elegant relations for quantifying critical bite forces in terms of characteristic tooth …
A Complement Receptor C5a Antagonist Regulates Epithelial To Mesenchymal Transition And Crystallin Expression After Lens Cataract Surgery In Mice, Rinako Suetsugu-Maki, Nobuyasu Maki, Timothy P. Fox, Kenta Nakamura, Richard Cowper.Solari, Craig R. Tomlinson, Hongchang Qu, John D. Lambris, Panagiotis A. Tsonis
A Complement Receptor C5a Antagonist Regulates Epithelial To Mesenchymal Transition And Crystallin Expression After Lens Cataract Surgery In Mice, Rinako Suetsugu-Maki, Nobuyasu Maki, Timothy P. Fox, Kenta Nakamura, Richard Cowper.Solari, Craig R. Tomlinson, Hongchang Qu, John D. Lambris, Panagiotis A. Tsonis
Biology Faculty Publications
Purpose: To evaluate the effects of complement employing a mouse model for secondary cataract. Methods: The role of complement receptor C5a (CD88) was evaluated after cataract surgery in mice. An antagonist specific to C5a receptor was administered intraperitoneally to mice. Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) was evaluated by alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) staining and proliferation by bromodeoxyuridine (5-bromo-2'- deoxyuridine, BrdU) incorporation. Gene expression patterns was examined by microarray analysis and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (QPCR). Results: We found that administration of a C5aR antagonist in C57BL/6J mice decreases EMT, as evidenced by α-SMA expression, and cell proliferation. Gene expression by …
Phosphatidic Acid Binds And Stimulates Arabidopsis Sphingosine Kinases, Xuemin Wang, Liang Guo, Girish Mishra, Kyle Taylor
Phosphatidic Acid Binds And Stimulates Arabidopsis Sphingosine Kinases, Xuemin Wang, Liang Guo, Girish Mishra, Kyle Taylor
Biology Department Faculty Works
Phosphatidic acid (PA) and phytosphingosine-1-phosphate (phyto-S1P) have both been identified as lipid messengers mediating plant response to abscisic acid (ABA). To determine the relationship of these messengers, we investigated the direct interaction of PA with Arabidopsis sphingosine kinases (SPHKs) that phosphorylate phytosphingosine to generate phyto-S1P. Two unique SPHK cDNAs were cloned from the annotated At4g21540 locus of Arabidopsis, and the two transcripts are differentially expressed in Arabidopsis tissues. Both SPHKs are catalytically active, phosphorylating various longchain sphingoid bases (LCBs) and are associated with the tonoplast. They both interact with PA as demonstrated by lipid-filter binding, liposome binding, and surface plasmon …
Purkinje Cell Association With Microglia/Macrophages In Degenerating Cerebellum Of Multiple System Atrophy Patients, Ashley A. Mckinney
Purkinje Cell Association With Microglia/Macrophages In Degenerating Cerebellum Of Multiple System Atrophy Patients, Ashley A. Mckinney
Research and Creative Activities Poster Day
Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a sporadic neurodegenerative disease with unknown etiology, involving Parkinson's disease, Autonomic Failure, and Olivopontocerebellar Atrophy (OPCA). To define a possible relationship between phagocytic immune cells and loss of Purkinje cells in MSA/OPCA, we measured the incidence of microglial/macrophages in close association with Purkinje cells and/or their axons and dendrites. Using immunocytochemistry methods on cerebellar sections from MSA and control brains from the New York Brain Bank at Columbia University, we identified Purkinje cells and their processes using anti-calbindin, and microglia/macrophages using anti-CD68. Calbindin labeled Purkinje cell body, axon, and dendritic profiles were counted in the …
Effects Of Population Dynamics And Competition On Parental Investment In Eastern Bluebirds (Sialia Sialis), Nickolas Davros, Jennifer Laroche
Effects Of Population Dynamics And Competition On Parental Investment In Eastern Bluebirds (Sialia Sialis), Nickolas Davros, Jennifer Laroche
10th Annual Celebration of Undergraduate Research and Creative Performance (2011)
Parental investment and competition are two important elements of life history strategies affecting reproductive success. The effect of parental investment on reproductive success in a west Michigan population of Eastern Bluebirds (Sialia sialis) was investigated, including parameters such as feeding rates, sex of parent, type and size of items delivered to chicks, number of chicks, and age of chicks. We found all measures of parental investment related to provisioning of nestlings to be indistinguishable within mated pairs. We also determined that significantly more food was brought when parents had a large brood (3+ chicks) as compared with a small brood …
Determining The Composition Of The Dwelling Tubes Of Antarctic Pterobranchs, Lukasz J. Sewera
Determining The Composition Of The Dwelling Tubes Of Antarctic Pterobranchs, Lukasz J. Sewera
Honors Projects
Pterobranchs are a group of marine invertebrates within the Hemichordata, which share characteristics with both chordates and echinoderms. Pterobranchs live in colonies of secreted tubes, coenicia, which are composed of a gelatinous material of unknown composition. Visually, the tubes appear similar to the tunic of tunicates, a group of invertebrates within the Chordata. The nonproteinaceous tunic of tunicates is composed of cellulose, which is unusual. The goal of this study was to determine the composition of the pterobranch coenicium. Some aspects of pterobranch phylogeny are still unclear even after multiple molecular and morphological studies. Identification of any new shared characteristics …