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2009

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Articles 751 - 780 of 812

Full-Text Articles in Biology

A Cytogenetical Study On Some Plants Taxa In Nizip Region (Aksaray, Turkey), Meryem Öztürk, Esra Marti̇n, Muhi̇tti̇n Di̇nç, Ahmet Duran, Ayşe Özdemi̇r, Özlem Çeti̇n Jan 2009

A Cytogenetical Study On Some Plants Taxa In Nizip Region (Aksaray, Turkey), Meryem Öztürk, Esra Marti̇n, Muhi̇tti̇n Di̇nç, Ahmet Duran, Ayşe Özdemi̇r, Özlem Çeti̇n

Turkish Journal of Biology

This cytological study was performed in 19 taxa grown naturally in Nizip region (Aksaray). These taxa are Conringia perfoliata (C.A.Mey.) Busch, Alyssum strigosum Banks & Sol. subsp. strigosum, Alyssum murale Waldst. & Kit. subsp. murale var. murale, Matthiola longipetala (Vent.) DC. subsp. bicornis (Sibth. & Sm.) P.W.Ball., Erysimum thyrsoideum Boiss. subsp. thyrsoideum (Brassicaceae), Silene alba (Mill.) E.H.L. Krause subsp. divaricata (Reichb.) Walters, Silene conoidea L., Silene otites (L.) Wibel. (Caryophyllaceae), Linum austriacum L. subsp. austriacum (Linaceae), Medicago x varia Martyn., Onobrychis argyrea Boiss. subsp. argyrea (Fabaceae), Astrodaucus orientalis (L.) Drude (Apiaceae), Centaurea patula DC., Centaurea solstitialis L. subsp. solstitialis, Cnicus …

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Hypoxia Induced Changes In The Lipid Peroxidation, Membrane Permeability, Reactive Oxygen Species Generation, And Antioxidative Response Systems In Zea Mays Leaves, Rashid Jamei, Reza Heidari, Jalil Khara, Samad Zare Jan 2009

Hypoxia Induced Changes In The Lipid Peroxidation, Membrane Permeability, Reactive Oxygen Species Generation, And Antioxidative Response Systems In Zea Mays Leaves, Rashid Jamei, Reza Heidari, Jalil Khara, Samad Zare

Turkish Journal of Biology

The effects of hypoxia on the activities of some enzymes of antioxidative, non- enzymatic scavenging system, membrane permeability, lipid peroxidation, and some reactive oxygen species (ROS) in leaves of Zea mays were investigated. Samples were taken 48, 96, 144, and 192 h after the start of hypoxia treatment. A 192 h hypoxia treatment resulted in a significant rise in membrane permeability, lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde level), and the production of hydrogen peroxide (H_2O_2) and superoxide (O_2^-) in maize leaves. A short duration of hypoxia enhanced the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD; EC 1.15.1.1), catalase (CAT; EC 1.11.1.6), ascorbate peroxidase (APX; EC …

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Determination Of Mycorrhizae Interactions And Pathogenicity Of Rhizoctonia Solani Kühn Isolated From Strawberry And Xanthium Strumarium, Ayşenur Bayözen, Ayhan Yildiz Jan 2009

Determination Of Mycorrhizae Interactions And Pathogenicity Of Rhizoctonia Solani Kühn Isolated From Strawberry And Xanthium Strumarium, Ayşenur Bayözen, Ayhan Yildiz

Turkish Journal of Biology

The effects of mycorrhizal fungi on the disease severity of Rhizoctonia solani Kühn., and the role of mycorrhizal fungi on strawberry (Fragaria vesca L.) growth were investigated. Strawberry seedlings were inoculated with BioOrganics as a mycorrhizal preparation against 2 R. solani isolates, which were isolated from strawberry (RsFv) and Xanthium strumarium (RsXs). The highest disease severity in strawberry roots was observed after inoculation with RsFv at a rate of 67%. On the other hand, the lowest disease severity in strawberry roots was at 31% for 15BRsFv (15 days before inoculation with BioOrganics and RsFv). Similarly, the highest disease severity in …

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Antisalmonella Activity Of Selected Medicinal Plants, Chand Pasha, Shaik Sayeed, Sadath Ali, Ziaullah Khan Jan 2009

Antisalmonella Activity Of Selected Medicinal Plants, Chand Pasha, Shaik Sayeed, Sadath Ali, Ziaullah Khan

Turkish Journal of Biology

Antisalmonella activity of some important plants in the Ayurvedic system of traditional medicine used in India to treat enteric diseases was screened. The aqueous and methanol extracts of 47 medicinal plants were studied for their antibacterial activity against pathogenic Salmonella typhi, Salmonella paratyphi A, and Salmonella typhimurium. The in vitro antibacterial activity was performed by agar well diffusion method and the results are expressed as the average diameter of zone of inhibition of bacterial growth around the well. Of the herbal extracts tested, 33 plant extracts were found to have antibacterial activity against at least one of the salmonella strains …

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In Vitro Antimicrobial And Antioxidant Activities Of Methanol And Hexane Extract Of Astragalus Species Growing In The Eastern Anatolia Region Of Turkey, Ahmet Adigüzel, Münevver Sökmen, Hakan Özkan, Güleray Ağar, Medi̇ne Güllüce, Fi̇kretti̇n Şahi̇n Jan 2009

In Vitro Antimicrobial And Antioxidant Activities Of Methanol And Hexane Extract Of Astragalus Species Growing In The Eastern Anatolia Region Of Turkey, Ahmet Adigüzel, Münevver Sökmen, Hakan Özkan, Güleray Ağar, Medi̇ne Güllüce, Fi̇kretti̇n Şahi̇n

Turkish Journal of Biology

This study was conducted to evaluate the antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of the hexane and methanol extracts of the aboveground parts and roots of some Astragalus species grown in the vicinity of Erzurum, located in the eastern Anatolia, Turkey. The methanol extract, which was obtained from the aboveground parts of Astragalus species, exhibited mild free radical scavenging activity providing 50% inhibition at the concentrations between 68.8 and 400.4 \mug/ml. The hexane/dichloromethane extracts of the aboveground parts of Astragalus species did not show any free radical scavenging activity. However, the linoleic acid oxidation inhibition ability of the non-polar extracts seems to …

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An Ethnobotanical Field Survey In The Haymana District Of Ankara Province In Turkey, Fulya Sarper, Gali̇p Akaydin, Işil Şi̇mşek, Erdem Yeşi̇lada Jan 2009

An Ethnobotanical Field Survey In The Haymana District Of Ankara Province In Turkey, Fulya Sarper, Gali̇p Akaydin, Işil Şi̇mşek, Erdem Yeşi̇lada

Turkish Journal of Biology

Dietary, therapeutical, and other ethnobotanical utilizations of the wild plants grown in Haymana district of Ankara were investigated. Information was collected by face-to-face interviews with 160 individuals in 9 selected sites. The demographic characteristics of the informants were evaluated and cross-relationships with the recorded data were also analyzed by SPSS statistical software. Results of the study show that 83.8% of the informants recognize the utilization of wild plants either as foodstuff or as remedy, while only 16.2% was unaware of that. Both the knowledge and the utilization of plants significantly increased with the increasing age of the informants. However, there …

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Antibacterial Activities Of Extracts From Some Turkish Endemic Plants On Common Fish Pathogens, Hakan Türker, Arzu Bi̇ri̇nci̇ Yildirim, Fatma Pehli̇van Karakaş, Hi̇lal Köylüoğlu Jan 2009

Antibacterial Activities Of Extracts From Some Turkish Endemic Plants On Common Fish Pathogens, Hakan Türker, Arzu Bi̇ri̇nci̇ Yildirim, Fatma Pehli̇van Karakaş, Hi̇lal Köylüoğlu

Turkish Journal of Biology

Antibacterial activities of 24 alcoholic and aqueous extracts from 8 endemic Turkish plants (Crocus abantensis, Crocus ancyrensis, Galanthus plicatus subsp. byzantinus, Paronychia chionaea, Astragalus gymnolobus, Trifolium pannonicum subsp.elongatum, Eryngium bithynicum, and Convolvulus galaticus) of 7 different families were screened. Antibacterial activity was carried out with 5 different fish pathogens (Aeromonas hydrophila, Yersinia ruckeri, Streptococcus agalactia, Lactococcus garvieae, and Enterococcus faecalis). Crude extracts of endemic plant extracts were applied against the bacteria using the disc diffusion method under in vitro conditions. A. hydrophila was the only inhibited bacteria from all alcoholic and aqueous extracts of C. ancyrensis, G. plicatus, T. pannonicum, …

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Comparison Of Gst Isoenzyme Expression In Normal And Neoplastic Breast Tissue: Correlation With Clinical And Prognostic Factors, Serpi̇l Oğuztüzün, Mesude İşcan, Müzeyyen Özhavzali, Serpi̇l Di̇zbay Sak Jan 2009

Comparison Of Gst Isoenzyme Expression In Normal And Neoplastic Breast Tissue: Correlation With Clinical And Prognostic Factors, Serpi̇l Oğuztüzün, Mesude İşcan, Müzeyyen Özhavzali, Serpi̇l Di̇zbay Sak

Turkish Journal of Biology

Glutathione S-transferases in breast tissue play an important role in the susceptibility to the mutagenic effects of chemical carcinogens and in the response of breast tumors to chemotherapy. In this study the immunohistochemical staining characteristics of glutathione S-transferase isoenzymes (alpha, mu, pi, and theta) were investigated in invasive duct carcinomas and in normal breast tissue of 43 patients. The relationships between the expression of the GST isoenzymes and some clinicopathological features were also examined. Diffuse cytoplasmic staining of varying intensity was observed for GST alpha, theta, and pi in normal and tumorous breast tissue in 100% of the samples. In …

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Properties Of Bacillus Cereus Collected From Different Food Sources, Kiymet Güven, M. Burçi̇n Mutlu Jan 2009

Properties Of Bacillus Cereus Collected From Different Food Sources, Kiymet Güven, M. Burçi̇n Mutlu

Turkish Journal of Biology

Forty-nine Bacillus cereus isolates were obtained from 10 different food samples consumed in Turkey. The isolates were identified as B. cereus based on colonial, cellular morphology, and biochemical characters, including fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) analysis. The potentials of 53 isolates including a reference strain, B. cereus NRRL B-3711, and 3 strains from Japan were tested to produce diarrhoeal enterotoxin (by the BCET-RPLA test) in BHI culture and 35 isolates (66%) were positive. Fatty acid composition varied for all B. cereus isolates, with 74 different fatty acids being detected. Grouping of B. cereus isolates by fatty acid composition suggested the …

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Interaction Between Glomus Geosporum, Azotobacter Chroococcum, And Bacillus Coagulans And Their Influence On Growth And Nutrition Of Melia Azedarach L., Sevanan Rajeshkumar, Mathan Chandran Nisha, Padanilly Chidambaram Prabu, Lakew Wondimu, Thangavel Selvaraj Jan 2009

Interaction Between Glomus Geosporum, Azotobacter Chroococcum, And Bacillus Coagulans And Their Influence On Growth And Nutrition Of Melia Azedarach L., Sevanan Rajeshkumar, Mathan Chandran Nisha, Padanilly Chidambaram Prabu, Lakew Wondimu, Thangavel Selvaraj

Turkish Journal of Biology

A green house nursery study was conducted to assess the interaction between arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus, a nitrogen fixing bacterium, Glomus geosporum, Azotobacter chroococcum, and a mycorrhiza helper bacterium (MHB), Bacillus coagulans, in soil and their consequent effect on growth and nutrition of Melia azedarach L. seedlings. Triple inoculation of G. geosporum, A. chroococcum, and B. coagulans resulted in maximum plant biomass, N, P, Zn, and Cu uptake, and biovolume and quality index of M. azedarach seedlings. It also increased the mycorrhizal root colonization and spore numbers in the root zone soil of the inoculated plants over uninoculated control plants. The …

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Changes In Anatomical Structure And Levels Of Endogenous Phytohormones During Leaf Rolling In Ctenanthe Setosa Under Drought Stress, Ni̇hal Kutlu, Rabi̇ye Terzi̇, Çi̇ğdem Tekeli̇, Gülcan Şenel, Peyami̇ Battal, Asim Kadioğlu Jan 2009

Changes In Anatomical Structure And Levels Of Endogenous Phytohormones During Leaf Rolling In Ctenanthe Setosa Under Drought Stress, Ni̇hal Kutlu, Rabi̇ye Terzi̇, Çi̇ğdem Tekeli̇, Gülcan Şenel, Peyami̇ Battal, Asim Kadioğlu

Turkish Journal of Biology

Leaf rolling occurs as a response to water deficit and its level increases as the drought period is progressing in plants. Changes in anatomical structure and levels of endogenous phytohormones were investigated under drought stress during leaf rolling in Ctenanthe setosa. Leaf water potential (\Psi_{leaf}), some anatomical parameters, and the levels of phytohormones were determined at different visual levels of leaf rolling from 1 to 4. \Psi_{leaf}, thickness of mesophyll and lamina, and width/length ratio of hypodermis cells of leaves decreased while leaf rolling level increased. Diameters of xylem vessels and median vein, and length of upper and lower stomatal …

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Induced Karyomorphological Variations In Three Phenodeviants Of Capsicum Annuum L., Girjesh Kumar, Priyanka Gupta Jan 2009

Induced Karyomorphological Variations In Three Phenodeviants Of Capsicum Annuum L., Girjesh Kumar, Priyanka Gupta

Turkish Journal of Biology

EMS was used as a mutagen in Capsicum annuum L. to isolate karyomorphological mutants. Seeds of Capsicum annuum L. var Azad were first pre-soaked in distilled water and then treated with 0.5% solution of EMS for 3 durations, i.e. 3, 5, and 7 h, and genetic segregation was closely observed. Many chromosomal anomalies like stickiness, bridges, and multivalent, secondary associations, laggards, and precocious movement were observed after all 3 durations of treatment. These anomalies showed a dose-dependent increase in frequency. The morphological parameters showed a decreasing trend along with the increasing dose. However, with the 7-h dose 3 morphologically distinct …

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Characterization And Biological Activity Of Achillea Teretifolia Willd. And A. Nobilis L. Subsp. Neilreichii (Kerner) Formanek Essential Oils, Fati̇h Demi̇rci̇, Betül Demi̇rci̇, İlhan Gürbüz, Erdem Yeşi̇lada, K. Hüsnü Can Başer Jan 2009

Characterization And Biological Activity Of Achillea Teretifolia Willd. And A. Nobilis L. Subsp. Neilreichii (Kerner) Formanek Essential Oils, Fati̇h Demi̇rci̇, Betül Demi̇rci̇, İlhan Gürbüz, Erdem Yeşi̇lada, K. Hüsnü Can Başer

Turkish Journal of Biology

The aerial parts of the endemic Achillea teretifolia Willd. and A. nobilis L. subsp. neilreichii (Kerner) Formanek collected from Beyşehir were investigated for their essential oil compositions and several biological activities. The essential oils were analyzed both by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The main components were identified as 1,8-cineole (34%), camphor (11%), terpinen-4-ol (8%), and α-thujone (5%) for A. teretifolia essential oil, while fragranyl acetate (32%), fragranol (24%), and \beta-eudesmol (8%) for A. nobilis subsp. neilreichii essential oil, respectively. The essential oils were also evaluated for their in vitro antimicrobial activity and their ability to scavenge …

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In Vitro Screening Of The Antibacterial Activity And Identification Of Bioactive Compounds From Plants Against Selected Vibrio Spp. Pathogens, Anjana Sharma, Virendra Kumar Patel Jan 2009

In Vitro Screening Of The Antibacterial Activity And Identification Of Bioactive Compounds From Plants Against Selected Vibrio Spp. Pathogens, Anjana Sharma, Virendra Kumar Patel

Turkish Journal of Biology

In vitro investigation of the vibriocidal activity of acetone extracts of Saraca indica Linn (Caesalpinaceae) and Datura stramonium Linn (Solanaceae), and aqueous extracts of Allium sativum Linn (Liliaceae) showed that they have antibacterial activity against multidrug-resistant human pathogens. Disc diffusion assay showed that there was significant concentration-dependent antibacterial activity against standard strains of Vibrio cholerae, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, and 12 multidrug-resistant isolates of Vibrio cholerae non-O1. The crude plant extracts had zones of inhibition in the range of 7-27 mm against 1 or more test bacteria, with MIC ranging from 2.5 to 15 mg/ml. Acetone extracts of S. indica and D. …

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Antibacterial Activity Of Aegopodium Podagraria L. Extracts And Interaction Between Extracts And Antibiotics, Olgica Stefanovic, Ljiljana Comic, Dragana Stanojevic, Slavica Solujic Sukdolak Jan 2009

Antibacterial Activity Of Aegopodium Podagraria L. Extracts And Interaction Between Extracts And Antibiotics, Olgica Stefanovic, Ljiljana Comic, Dragana Stanojevic, Slavica Solujic Sukdolak

Turkish Journal of Biology

Antibacterial activities of aqueous, ethanol, and ethyl acetate extracts of Aegopodium podagraria L. (Apiaceae) were tested in vitro against 6 bacteria species. Antibacterial properties were determined by disk diffusion and tube dilution method. Based on the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC), the ethanol extract showed the highest activity (1.25-5 mg/ml). Among the tested bacteria, the most sensitive species were Enterobacter cloacae, Klebsiella pneumonia, and Pseudomonas fluorescens, while the most resistant was Staphylococcus aureus. Ethanol extract was chosen to investigate the effects of its combinations with commercial antibiotics by the checkerboard method. Results showed that the interactions between ethanol extract/streptomycin and ethanol …

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The Antibacterial And Antifungal Effects Of Rhododendron Derived Mad Honey And Extracts Of Four Rhododendron Species, Ömer Ertürk, Fatma Pehli̇van Karakaş, Derya Pehli̇van, Nurşah Nas Jan 2009

The Antibacterial And Antifungal Effects Of Rhododendron Derived Mad Honey And Extracts Of Four Rhododendron Species, Ömer Ertürk, Fatma Pehli̇van Karakaş, Derya Pehli̇van, Nurşah Nas

Turkish Journal of Biology

The antibacterial and antifungal activities of mad honey and the crude extracts (leaves and flowers) of Rhododendron ponticum L. subsp. ponticum, Rhododendron luteum L., Rhododendron smirnovii L., and Rhododendron caucasicum L. (Ericaceae) were investigated. A total of 17 microbial organisms belonging to 16 species of bacteria, namely Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus salivarius, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Salmonella enteritis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Bacillus cereus, Listeria monocytogenes, Streptococcus mutans, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus licheniformis, Micrococcus luteus, Bacillus subtilis, Proteus vulgaris, and Candida albicans were studied using a disk-diffusion and agar dilution (minimal inhibition concentration) method. The antimicrobial activity of the antibacterial and antifungal activity of …

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Antioxidant And Antibacterial Activity Of Diospyros Ebenum Roxb. Leaf Extracts, Yogesh Baravalia, Mital Kaneria, Yogeshkumar Vaghasiya, Jigna Parekh, Sumitra Chanda Jan 2009

Antioxidant And Antibacterial Activity Of Diospyros Ebenum Roxb. Leaf Extracts, Yogesh Baravalia, Mital Kaneria, Yogeshkumar Vaghasiya, Jigna Parekh, Sumitra Chanda

Turkish Journal of Biology

The therapeutic properties of plants, including antioxidant and antibacterial activity, have been investigated. In the present study the petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, methanol, and aqueous extracts of Diospyros ebenum Roxb. were evaluated for DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl) free radical scavenging (antioxidant) activity and antibacterial activity. Antibacterial activity was determined against Bacillus subtilis ATCC6633, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC29737, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC27853, Salmonella typhimurium ATCC23564, and Enterobacter aerogenes ATCC13048 using the agar well diffusion method. Total phenolic and flavonoid content of these extracts was determined as the gallic acid and quercetin equivalent, respectively. Results show that the methanol extract was active against all 5 bacterial …

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A Comparative Study On Pleurotus Ostreatus (Jacq.) P.Kumm. Cultivated On Different Agricultural Lignocellulosic Wastes, Abdurrahman Dündar, Abdunnasir Yildiz Jan 2009

A Comparative Study On Pleurotus Ostreatus (Jacq.) P.Kumm. Cultivated On Different Agricultural Lignocellulosic Wastes, Abdurrahman Dündar, Abdunnasir Yildiz

Turkish Journal of Biology

For the cultivation of Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq.) P.Kumm. wheat stalk (WS), cotton stalk (CS), millet stalk (MS), and soybean stalk (SS) were used as the main material and oven-dried lentil straw (LS) was used as an additive material 100:10, 100:15, 100:20 w:w in weight for 100 g of main material (70% moisture). The shortest mycelium growing time (MGT) was 10.2 days, on the SS, while the longest was 18.8 days, on the CS. The shortest first harvest time (FHT) was 30 days, on SS + LS (90:10; w:w), and the longest was 46.4 days, on CS + LS (100:20; w:w). …

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The Toxicity And Teratogenicity Of Gibberellic Acid (Ga3) Based On The Frog Embryo Teratogenesis Assay-Xenopus (Fetax), Ayper Boğa, Seçi̇l Bi̇nokay, Yaşar Sertdemi̇r Jan 2009

The Toxicity And Teratogenicity Of Gibberellic Acid (Ga3) Based On The Frog Embryo Teratogenesis Assay-Xenopus (Fetax), Ayper Boğa, Seçi̇l Bi̇nokay, Yaşar Sertdemi̇r

Turkish Journal of Biology

This study investigated the developmental toxicity of a plant growth regulator (a type of pesticide) using the frog embryo teratogenesis assay-Xenopus (FETAX). Xenopus laevis embryos were exposed to 11 different concentrations of gibberellic acid (GA_3), from stage 8 to 11, for 96 h under static renewal test conditions. The median lethal concentration (LC_{50}), malformation (EC_{50}), non-observed adverse effect concentration (NOAEC), and lowest observed adverse effect concentration (LOAEC) were calculated. The corresponding LC_{50} and EC_{50} values determined for GA3 exposure were 1117.5 mg/L and 658 mg/L, respectively. The TI (LC50/EC50) value calculated for GA_3 was 1.69. Different anomalies occurred in the …

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The Effect Of Interaction Of Rauwolfia Vomitoria Root Bark Extract With Vitamin E On Rats’ Liver Enzymes, Monday I. Akpanabiatu, Friday E. Uboh, Theresa B. Ekanem, Imeh Ben Umoh, Eyong Ubana Eyong, Sylvanus O. Ukafia Jan 2009

The Effect Of Interaction Of Rauwolfia Vomitoria Root Bark Extract With Vitamin E On Rats’ Liver Enzymes, Monday I. Akpanabiatu, Friday E. Uboh, Theresa B. Ekanem, Imeh Ben Umoh, Eyong Ubana Eyong, Sylvanus O. Ukafia

Turkish Journal of Biology

In our previous paper we demonstrated the influence of Rauwolfia vomitoria root bark extract on cardiac enzymes of normal Wistar rats and the effectiveness of this root bark as a source of antihypertensive agent, as determined by the marker enzymes, would be a useful index for the toxicity of this plant in clinical application. In this paper we present the results of the effect of Rauwolfia vomitoria root bark extract and its interaction with vitamin E on the liver function enzymes, such as alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine amino transferase (ALT), aspartate amino transferase (AST), gamma glutamyl transferase (\gamma-GT), and the …

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Genetic Repairing Through Storage Of Gamma Irradiated Seeds In Inbred Maize (Zea Mays L.), Girjesh Kumar, Prashant Kumar Rai Jan 2009

Genetic Repairing Through Storage Of Gamma Irradiated Seeds In Inbred Maize (Zea Mays L.), Girjesh Kumar, Prashant Kumar Rai

Turkish Journal of Biology

Gamma irradiation can induce beneficial as well as deleterious impacts on chromosome behavior in crop plants. The cytogenetic changes occurring due to the storage of inbred seeds after gamma irradiation in the somatic and gametic cells of Zea mays L. were investigated in this study. A wide spectrum of chromosomal anomalies was encountered in somatic and gametic cells of maize that are gamma irradiated, stored (aged), and treated with a combination of both of these treatments. Gamma rays and ageing treatments induced a number of chromosomal anomalies independently, but a combination of the 2 treatments suppressed the frequency of chromosomal …

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Inhibitory Effects Of Ajowan (Trachyspermum Ammi) Ethanolic Extract On A. Ochraceus Growth And Ochratoxin Production, Pushpa S. Murthy, B. B. Borse, Hafeeza Khanum, P. Srinivas Jan 2009

Inhibitory Effects Of Ajowan (Trachyspermum Ammi) Ethanolic Extract On A. Ochraceus Growth And Ochratoxin Production, Pushpa S. Murthy, B. B. Borse, Hafeeza Khanum, P. Srinivas

Turkish Journal of Biology

Ajowan is an aromatic seed spice that has a medicinal value. In this paper Ajowan Ethanolic Extract (AEE), which was prepared from Ajowan seeds, was assessed for antibacterial and antifungal activity against selected pathogenic bacteria and fungi by agar well diffusion assay. AEE exhibited considerable inhibitory effects against all the organisms tested. Emphasis of the study was on the affect of AEE on the mycelial growth and spore germination of toxigenic fungi A. ochraceus. Cultures were incubated on yeast extract-sucrose (YES) broth, at concentrations of 50, 150, 250 ppm at 25°C. At 250 ppm, AEE completely inhibited germination of spores, …

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Yield And Economics Of Withania Somnifera Influenced By Dual Inoculation Of Azotobacter Chroococcum And Pseudomonas Putida, Vivek Kumar, Amar Singh Solanki, Shivesh Sharma Jan 2009

Yield And Economics Of Withania Somnifera Influenced By Dual Inoculation Of Azotobacter Chroococcum And Pseudomonas Putida, Vivek Kumar, Amar Singh Solanki, Shivesh Sharma

Turkish Journal of Biology

The yield parameters and cost economics of Withania somnifera were studied using dual inoculation of Azotobacter chroococcum and Pseudomonas putida. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design with 3 replications for 2 consecutive years, along with 2 levels of organic manure, 10 t ha^{-1} and 20 t ha^{-1}. Inoculation with the inoculants generated encouraging results; root yield (1185.6 kg ha^{-1}), seed yield (208.13 kg ha^{-1}), number of offshoots per plant (6.07), and plant height (108.4 cm) were maximum with treatment T6 (organic manure [OM] 20 t ha^{-1} + both bacteria), followed by T9 (OM 10 t ha^{-1} + …

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Mutagenesis Of Bacillus Thuringiensis Iam 12077 For Increasing Poly (-\Beta-)Hydroxybutyrate (Phb) Production, Pal Adwitiya, Prabhu Ashwini, Arun Kumar Avinash, Rajagopal Badri, Dadhe Kajal, Ponnamma Vomsi, Shivakumar Srividya Jan 2009

Mutagenesis Of Bacillus Thuringiensis Iam 12077 For Increasing Poly (-\Beta-)Hydroxybutyrate (Phb) Production, Pal Adwitiya, Prabhu Ashwini, Arun Kumar Avinash, Rajagopal Badri, Dadhe Kajal, Ponnamma Vomsi, Shivakumar Srividya

Turkish Journal of Biology

A gram-positive bacterium that accumulated PHB was isolated from local garden soil in Bangalore. Based on its morphological and physiological properties, and nucleotide sequence (about 1.5 kb) of its 16S rDNA it was identified as Bacillus thuringiensis IAM 12077. In this study the PHB-producing capacity of putative mutant strains of Bacillus thuringiensis IAM 12077 was evaluated. A Bacillus sp. identified as a Bacillus thuringiensis IAM 12077 strain capable of producing 10%-15% dry cell weight (DCW) PHB when grown in nutrient broth for 48 h was subjected to random mutagenesis [physical (UV) and chemical (acridine orange)]. Among the UV-mutants screened, 19 …

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Production And Characterization Of Multifunctional Endoxylanase By Bacillus Sp. X13, Ashabil Aygan, Burhan Arikan Jan 2009

Production And Characterization Of Multifunctional Endoxylanase By Bacillus Sp. X13, Ashabil Aygan, Burhan Arikan

Turkish Journal of Biology

A multifunctional endoxylanase producing Bacillus sp. was isolated from soil. Enzyme synthesis occurred at temperatures between 20 °C and 60 °C with an optimum 37 °C. Analysis of the enzyme by SDS-PAGE revealed 4 active enzyme bands, which were estimated to be 66.5 kDa, 80.6 kDa, 95.5 kDa, and 108.4 kDa. The enzyme has a broad temperature range, between 20 and 90 °C, with an optimum at 40 °C; and maximum activity was at pH 6.0. The enzyme showed a gradual decrease in the remaining activity as the pre-incubation temperature increase. Thermostability was not also increased in the presence of …

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Productive Replication Of Malacosoma Neustria Nucleopolyhedrovirus (Manenpv) In Md203 Cell Line, İsmai̇l Demi̇r, Nurten Gürel, Remzi̇ye Nalçacioğlu, İkbal A. İnce, Zi̇hni̇ Demi̇rbağ Jan 2009

Productive Replication Of Malacosoma Neustria Nucleopolyhedrovirus (Manenpv) In Md203 Cell Line, İsmai̇l Demi̇r, Nurten Gürel, Remzi̇ye Nalçacioğlu, İkbal A. İnce, Zi̇hni̇ Demi̇rbağ

Turkish Journal of Biology

A plaque-purified genotypic variant, derived from a field isolate of the Malacosoma neustria nucleopolyhedrovirus (ManeNPV) from Turkey was characterized based on in vitro replication properties in a cell line, Md203 derived from Malacosoma disstria. The life cycle of ManeNPV was studied based on the cytopathic effects (CPEs), polyhedral inclusion body (PIB) formation, budded virus (BV) production, viral DNA replication and polyhedrin protein expression in ManeNPV-infected Md203 cells. Infection of Md203 cells with ManeNPV resulted in cytopathic effects within 24 and 36 h post infection and most cells detachted from the bottom of the culture plate on the fourth day. Typical …

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Kala Zeera (Bunium Persicum Bioss.): A Kashmirian High Value Crop, Parvez Ahmad Sofi, N. A. Zeerak, Parmeet Singh Jan 2009

Kala Zeera (Bunium Persicum Bioss.): A Kashmirian High Value Crop, Parvez Ahmad Sofi, N. A. Zeerak, Parmeet Singh

Turkish Journal of Biology

Kala zeera is a high value, low volume, and under-exploited spice crop that grows in mountainous regions of Kashmir in the Himalayas. It has received very little attention in terms of development, standardization of production technology, and plant protection management practices. Sher-e Kashmir University of Agriculture Sciences and Technology (SKUAST-K) and other organizations have instituted programs for systematic improvement of Kala zeera. In this paper, we offer a synopsis of the latest work being done in promoting this high value crop, which would have a beneficial effect for the encouragement of economic activity in the Himalayas.

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Comparative Susceptibilities Of Six Insect Cell Lines To Infection By Malacosoma Neustria Nucleopolyhedrovirus (Manenpv), İsmai̇l Demi̇r, Nurten Gürel, Remzi̇ye Nalçacioğlu, Zi̇hni̇ Demi̇rbağ Jan 2009

Comparative Susceptibilities Of Six Insect Cell Lines To Infection By Malacosoma Neustria Nucleopolyhedrovirus (Manenpv), İsmai̇l Demi̇r, Nurten Gürel, Remzi̇ye Nalçacioğlu, Zi̇hni̇ Demi̇rbağ

Turkish Journal of Biology

In this study, 6 lepidopteran cell lines derived from Trichoplusia ni (Tn5), Lymantria dispar (LdElta), Bombyx mori (Bm-5), Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf21), Spodoptera exigua (Se-1), and Choristoneura fumiferana (Cf-124T) were investigated for susceptibility to Malacosoma neustria nucleopolyhedrovirus (ManeNPV) isolated in Turkey. Infection of Malacosoma disstria (Md203) cell line by ManeNPV was used as a control. In ManeNPV-Md203 infection, polyhedral inclusion bodies (PIBs) were detected at 36 h p.i. and observed in all infected cells by 120 h p.i., and the infectious virus titer increased 10^3-fold. At 24 h p.i., the efficient replication of viral DNA was detected. In this study, we …

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Oxidative Stress Biomarkers In Liver And Gill Tissues Of Spotted Barb (Capoeta Barroisi Lortet, 1894) Living In Ceyhan River, Adana-Turkey, Ergül Belge Kurutaş, Aysel Şahan, Tülay Altun Jan 2009

Oxidative Stress Biomarkers In Liver And Gill Tissues Of Spotted Barb (Capoeta Barroisi Lortet, 1894) Living In Ceyhan River, Adana-Turkey, Ergül Belge Kurutaş, Aysel Şahan, Tülay Altun

Turkish Journal of Biology

This study was carried out in an agricultural, industrial, domestic, and slaughterhouse area that is also a discharging region of the river Ceyhan just under the crest of the Aslantaş dam. Levels of pollution indicator parameters of the water were observed and their effects on various oxidative stress biomarkers in gill and liver tissues of spotted barb (Capoeta barroisi Lortet, 1894) were investigated. The oxidative stress biomarkers analyzed included superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD). Levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) and lipid peroxidation (LPO) were also evaluated. High levels of CAT, G6PD, GST, and GSH activity were …

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Genotoxic Effects Of Herbicide Illoxan (Diclofop-Methyl) On Allium Cepa L., Deni̇z Yüzbaşioğlu, Fatma Ünal, Cengi̇z Sancak Jan 2009

Genotoxic Effects Of Herbicide Illoxan (Diclofop-Methyl) On Allium Cepa L., Deni̇z Yüzbaşioğlu, Fatma Ünal, Cengi̇z Sancak

Turkish Journal of Biology

The genotoxic potential of the commercial herbicide Illoxan (containing 284 g/L diclofop-methyl) was determined by using chromosome aberrations in Allium cepa root tip cells. The EC_{50} value was determined as 150.00 mg/L using a root growth inhibition test and then the roots were treated with 37.50, 75.00, and 150.00 mg/L concentrations for 12, 24, and 48 h. The results indicated that Illoxan significantly increased the abnormal cell frequency at all concentrations and treatment periods when compared with their controls, and this increase was dose-dependent for the 24 and 48 h treatments. On the other hand, Illoxan significantly decreased the mitotic …

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