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2008

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Articles 481 - 510 of 647

Full-Text Articles in Biology

Optimal Data Partitioning And A Test Case For Ray-Finned Fishes (Actinopterygii) Based On Ten Nuclear Loci, Chenhong Li, Guoqing Lu, Guillermo Orti Jan 2008

Optimal Data Partitioning And A Test Case For Ray-Finned Fishes (Actinopterygii) Based On Ten Nuclear Loci, Chenhong Li, Guoqing Lu, Guillermo Orti

Biology Faculty Publications

Data partitioning, the combined phylogenetic analysis of homogeneous blocks of data, is a common strategy used to accommodate heterogeneities in complex multilocus data sets. Variation in evolutionary rates and substitution patterns among sites are typically addressed by partitioning data by gene, codon position, or both. Excessive partitioning of the data, however, could lead to overparameterization; therefore, it seems critical to define the minimum numbers of partitions necessary to improve the overall fit of the model. We propose a new method, based on cluster analysis, to find an optimal partitioning strategy for multilocus protein-coding data sets. A heuristic exploration of alternative …

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Dispersal Ability And Parasitization Performance Of Egg Parasitoid Trichogramma Evanescens Westwood (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) In Field And Storage Conditions, Abdurrahman Ayvaz, Eyüp Karasu, Sali̇h Karabörklü, Semi̇h Yilmaz Jan 2008

Dispersal Ability And Parasitization Performance Of Egg Parasitoid Trichogramma Evanescens Westwood (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) In Field And Storage Conditions, Abdurrahman Ayvaz, Eyüp Karasu, Sali̇h Karabörklü, Semi̇h Yilmaz

Turkish Journal of Biology

In this study we evaluated the dispersal ability of Trichogramma evanescens in field and storage conditions. In field studies we tested the effects of plant structure on the dispersal ability of T. evanescens from release points. Both in a corn field and on grapevines the level of parasitism was negatively correlated with distance when the host eggs were located away from the release point. The parasitization rate on grapevines and corn plants at the release point was greater than that away from the release point. Parasitization rates were significantly higher at the highest wasp density in cages. When 1000 wasps …

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Gamma Ray- And Ems-Induced Bold-Seeded High-Yielding Mutants In Chickpea (Cicer Arietinum L.), Aijaz A. Wani, Mohammad Anis Jan 2008

Gamma Ray- And Ems-Induced Bold-Seeded High-Yielding Mutants In Chickpea (Cicer Arietinum L.), Aijaz A. Wani, Mohammad Anis

Turkish Journal of Biology

Three bold-seeded high-yielding mutants were isolated from the M_2 progeny of chickpea var. Pusa-212, viz. Pusa-212 A (200 Gy), Pusa-212 C (400 Gy), and Pusa-212 F (300 Gy + 0.2% EMS). Data on various quantitative traits, such as plant height, number of branches per plant, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, 100-seed weight (g), seed yield (g) per plant, and protein content (%), were recorded for all 3 mutants in the M3 generation. The mutants were morphologically quite distinct, as compared to the control and to each other. The most notable change was in seed size …

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Evidence For Low Levels Of Genetic Variation Among Zostera Marina Populations From The Atlantic West Coast, Eric Rosenzweig Jan 2008

Evidence For Low Levels Of Genetic Variation Among Zostera Marina Populations From The Atlantic West Coast, Eric Rosenzweig

Theses, Dissertations and Culminating Projects

Zoster a marina (eelgrass), can be found in the North Atlantic on the coast of Europe and the North Arctic, as well as the Pacific. On the Atlantic west coast this species grows as far south as North Carolina and into northern Canada. The cold waters of these regions support the habitat needed for the species. Eelgrass is vital to coastal communities. It serves as a food source for many organisms, hatching ground for fish species, absorbent of water pollutants, and soil stabilizer. Over the last 30 years, the once robust populations of Atlantic west coast eelgrass have withered into …

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Coelomogenesis And Nutrition Of Clonally Produced Asteroid Larvae, William Jaeckle Jan 2008

Coelomogenesis And Nutrition Of Clonally Produced Asteroid Larvae, William Jaeckle

Scholarship

Asexual reproduction by planktotrophic larvae of asteroids is an unusual life history strategy exhibited by several species in the families Luididae, Oreasteridae, Ophidiasteridae, and Asteriidae. Larvae of the former three families reproduce asexually in the field, while the asteriid Pisaster ochraceus has produced clones when larvae are reared in the laboratory. Our knowledge of the processes involved in larval cloning and the biology of the developing clone is fragmentary in nature. We used light, electron, and scanning laser confocal microscopy to study clones that develop through paratomy of the posterolateral larval arms. The archenteron forms by a modified form of …

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"Insular Species Of Afrotropical Freshwater Crabs With Special Reference To Madagascar And The Seychelles" , Neil Cumberlidge Jan 2008

"Insular Species Of Afrotropical Freshwater Crabs With Special Reference To Madagascar And The Seychelles" , Neil Cumberlidge

Journal Articles

No abstract provided.

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The Nickel Hyperaccumulating Plants Of The Serpentines Of Turkey And Adjacent Areas: A Review With New Data, Roger D. Reeves, Nezaket Adigüzel Jan 2008

The Nickel Hyperaccumulating Plants Of The Serpentines Of Turkey And Adjacent Areas: A Review With New Data, Roger D. Reeves, Nezaket Adigüzel

Turkish Journal of Biology

Botanical exploration of serpentine soils in Turkey and neighbouring countries has shown that the region includes at least 59 taxa capable of hyperaccumulating nickel (to >0.1% of plant dry weight). These hyperaccumulators belong to the Brassicaceae (Aethionema R.Br., Alyssum L., Bornmuellera Hausskn., Pseudosempervivum (Boiss.) Grossh. (Cochlearia L.), and Thlaspi L. s.l.) and the Asteraceae (Centaurea L.). We review present knowledge of the hyperaccumulators and provide additional data recently obtained. Some species are serpentine-endemic and invariably Ni hyperaccumulating; others show more complex distribution and Ni-accumulating behaviour. Many are good subjects for biochemical studies on the Ni-accumulation and sequestering processes. There is …

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Stress Responsiveness In Nestlings: A Comparison Of Two Sampling Techniques, Alfred M. Dufty Jan 2008

Stress Responsiveness In Nestlings: A Comparison Of Two Sampling Techniques, Alfred M. Dufty

Biology Faculty Publications and Presentations

I compared the effects on plasma corticosterone levels of two methods of collecting blood samples during standardized capture and handling stress protocols. In one method, individual nestling American Kestrels (Falco sparverius) were bled at three time periods: when initially removed from the nest, and 15 and 30 min later. In the other method, siblings removed from a nest were bled once each, either at the time of removal, or 15 or 30 min later. I found that there was no difference between the two groups in plasma corticosterone levels at the first sampling period, but 15 and 30 min after …

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The Sacred Emergence Of Nature, Ursula Goodenough, Terrence W. Deacon Jan 2008

The Sacred Emergence Of Nature, Ursula Goodenough, Terrence W. Deacon

Biology Faculty Research

No abstract provided.

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Effect Of Thyroid Hormones On At1r Mrna Levels In Hek 293 Cells: Implications For Early-Onset Hypertension In Children Born Of Preeclamptic Women, Amanda Eddins Jan 2008

Effect Of Thyroid Hormones On At1r Mrna Levels In Hek 293 Cells: Implications For Early-Onset Hypertension In Children Born Of Preeclamptic Women, Amanda Eddins

Theses and Dissertations

This experiment tested the effect of thyroid hormones, T3 or T4, on angiotensin II type 1 receptor mRNA levels in human embryonic kidney cells (HEK). Maternal preeclampsia is a prediction of higher ambulatory blood pressure (ABP) in the exposed offspring. The mother's blood pressure affects the blood pressure of the fetus since the placenta mediates blood flow. Thyroid hormone can increase production of angiotensinogen, which is a part of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). RAS regulates blood pressure. Hypothesis: HEK 293 cells treated with T3 and T4 will have more angiotensin II type I receptors than those not treated with T3 …

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Population Ecology Of The Golden Mouse, Robert K. Rose Jan 2008

Population Ecology Of The Golden Mouse, Robert K. Rose

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

An understanding of the population dynamics of a species requires knowledge of the major life-history parameters of a population, including age at maturity, distribution of age classes, and lifetime reproductive contribution of the sexes, sex ratio, length of the breeding season, mean litter size, rates of growth and survival, and life span. Because few long-term studies have been conducted with Ochrotomys nuttalli as the focal species of investigation, only fragmentary information is available for many population parameters. As importantly, densities of golden mice often are low, making them difficult to evaluate statistically. Little has been published on age at maturity …

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Scientific Review For The Identification Of Critical Habitat For Woodland Caribou (Rangifer Tarandus Caribou), Boreal Population, In Canada, Mark Hebblewhite, Environment Canada Jan 2008

Scientific Review For The Identification Of Critical Habitat For Woodland Caribou (Rangifer Tarandus Caribou), Boreal Population, In Canada, Mark Hebblewhite, Environment Canada

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Woodland Caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou), Boreal Population (herein referred to as boreal caribou), are formally listed as Threatened under the federal Species at Risk Act (SARA). The Act requires the Minister of Environment to prepare a Recovery Strategy for the species that includes, to the extent possible and based upon the best available information, an identifi cation of its Critical Habitat and/or, if there is insuffi cient information available, a Schedule of Studies to determine that information. In August 2007, Environment Canada (EC) launched a science-based review with the mandate to identify Critical Habitat to the extent possible, using the …

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Ecological Genetics Of Adaptive Life-History Phenotypes In The Cricket Allonemobius Socius, Diana Lea Huestis Jan 2008

Ecological Genetics Of Adaptive Life-History Phenotypes In The Cricket Allonemobius Socius, Diana Lea Huestis

Biology Dissertations - Archive

As many organisms inhabit unstable environments, the ability to respond to changing environmental conditions is highly adaptive, and results in the evolution of phenotypic plasticity. Thus, identifying the genetic basis and evolutionary origins of adaptive life-history phenotypes, such as phenotypic plasticity, is an active and important research area within the field of evolutionary biology. In the last two decades, gene-expression techniques have been developed which allow genes to be identified and gene-expression levels measured in a range of species, reducing dependence on classic genetic model systems and allowing an array of species with interesting ecological phenotypes to be used as …

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Tak1 Is Required For The Survival Of Hematopoietic Cells And Hepatocytes In Mice, Minghui Tang, Xudong Wei, Yinshi Guo, Peter Breslin, Shubin Zhang, Shanshan Zhang, Wei Wei, Zhenbiao Xia, Manuel Diaz, Shizuo Akira, Jiwang Zhang Jan 2008

Tak1 Is Required For The Survival Of Hematopoietic Cells And Hepatocytes In Mice, Minghui Tang, Xudong Wei, Yinshi Guo, Peter Breslin, Shubin Zhang, Shanshan Zhang, Wei Wei, Zhenbiao Xia, Manuel Diaz, Shizuo Akira, Jiwang Zhang

Biology: Faculty Publications and Other Works

Transforming growth factor beta-activated kinase 1 (TAK1), a member of the MAPKKK family, is a key mediator of proinflammatory and stress signals. Activation of TAK1 by proinflammatory cytokines and T and B cell receptors induces the nuclear localization of nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) and the activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)/AP1 and P38, which play important roles in mediating inflammation, immune responses, T and B cell activation, and epithelial cell survival. Here, we report that TAK1 is critical for the survival of both hematopoietic cells and hepatocytes. Deletion of TAK1 results in bone marrow (BM) and liver failure in mice …

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Hatching Asynchrony Occurs As A Byproduct Of Maintaining Egg Viability, Robert Aldredge Jan 2008

Hatching Asynchrony Occurs As A Byproduct Of Maintaining Egg Viability, Robert Aldredge

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

For many organisms, embryonic development begins directly after an egg (ovum) has been fertilized by sperm; however, some organisms delay the onset of embryonic development until conditions are favorable for raising young. This delayed onset of development could occur by delaying implantation of fertilized ovum on the uterine wall, as seen in many mammals. Birds delay embryonic development by laying a set of fertilized ova over a period of consecutive days. These fertilized ova are protected from the ambient environment by an exterior shell, and it is in this shell outside of the female s body that embryonic development occurs, …

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The Distribution, Abundance, And Habitat Use Of The Big Cypress Fox Squirrel, (Sciurus Niger Avicennia)., Danielle Munim Jan 2008

The Distribution, Abundance, And Habitat Use Of The Big Cypress Fox Squirrel, (Sciurus Niger Avicennia)., Danielle Munim

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Human population growth and development reduce the area and quality of natural communities and lead to a reduction of populations of the species associated with them. Certain species can be useful indicators or "focal species" for determining the quality of ecosystem remnants and the required management practices. Tree squirrels are good models for studies on the effects of fragmentation because they depend on mature forests. The Big Cypress fox squirrel, (Sciurus niger avicennia), a state-listed Threatened subspecies endemic to south Florida, appears sensitive to habitat fragmentation and fire regime. This research aims to assess the conservation status of the Big …

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Using Stable Isotopes To Assess Population Structure And Feeding Ecology Of North Pacific Humpback Whales (Megaptera Novaeangliae), Briana Witteveen Jan 2008

Using Stable Isotopes To Assess Population Structure And Feeding Ecology Of North Pacific Humpback Whales (Megaptera Novaeangliae), Briana Witteveen

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The North Pacific humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae) is a wide-ranging baleen whale species with a complex life history and population structure. As seasonal migrants, humpback whales are known to inhabit cooler, high-latitude waters when foraging and low-latitudes for mating and calving. Beyond this general migratory pattern, a number of demographic characteristics including, abundance, distribution, seasonal occurrence, and prey preferences remain unknown or poorly described. A complete understanding of humpback whale ecology is therefore lacking. Many methods used to explore these aspects of cetacean ecology are either prohibitively expensive or limited in the scope of what can be learned from their …

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An Unidentified Filarial Species And Its Impact On Fitness In Wild Populations Of The Black-Footed Ferret (Mustela Nigripes), Samantha M. Wisely, Jo Gayle Howard, Steven A. Williams, Odile Bain, Rachel M. Santymire, Katherine D. Bardsley, Elizabeth S. Williams Jan 2008

An Unidentified Filarial Species And Its Impact On Fitness In Wild Populations Of The Black-Footed Ferret (Mustela Nigripes), Samantha M. Wisely, Jo Gayle Howard, Steven A. Williams, Odile Bain, Rachel M. Santymire, Katherine D. Bardsley, Elizabeth S. Williams

Biological Sciences: Faculty Publications

Disease can threaten the restoration of endangered species directly by substantially decreasing host survival or indirectly via incremental decreases in survival and reproduction. During a biomedical survey of reintroduced populations of the highly endangered black-footed ferret from 2002 to 2005, microfilariae discovered in the blood were putatively identified as Dirofilaria immitis, and widespread screening was initiated using a commercially available antigen-based ELISA test. A subset of animals (n = 16) was screened for D. immitis using a highly sensitive PCR-based assay. Microfilariae were also molecularly and morphologically characterized. Of 198 animals at six reintroduction sites, 12% had positive results using …

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Low Temperature (23 °C) Increases Expression Of Biofilm-, Cold-Shock- And Rpos-Dependent Genes In Escherichia Coli K-12, Christine A. White-Ziegler, Suzin Um, Natalie M. Pérez, Abby L. Berns, Amy J. Malhowski, Sarah Young Jan 2008

Low Temperature (23 °C) Increases Expression Of Biofilm-, Cold-Shock- And Rpos-Dependent Genes In Escherichia Coli K-12, Christine A. White-Ziegler, Suzin Um, Natalie M. Pérez, Abby L. Berns, Amy J. Malhowski, Sarah Young

Biological Sciences: Faculty Publications

Temperature serves as a cue to regulate gene expression in Escherichia coli and other bacteria. Using DNA microarrays, we identified 297 genes whose expression is increased at 23 6C compared to 37 6C in E. coli K-12. Of these genes, 122 are RpoS-controlled, confirming genome-wide the model that low temperature serves as a primary cue to trigger the general stress response. Several genes expressed at 23 6C overlap with the cold-shock response, suggesting that strategies used to adapt to sudden shifts in temperature also mediate long-term growth at 23 6C. Another category of genes more highly expressed at 23 6C …

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A Call For A Statewide Bioinformatics Institute, John R. Rose Jan 2008

A Call For A Statewide Bioinformatics Institute, John R. Rose

Journal of the South Carolina Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

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With The Help Of South Carolina Research Universities, Scra Demonstrates Leadership In Applied Research And Commercialization Within Sc, Bill Mahoney Jan 2008

With The Help Of South Carolina Research Universities, Scra Demonstrates Leadership In Applied Research And Commercialization Within Sc, Bill Mahoney

Journal of the South Carolina Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

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Sc Inbre: A Catalyst For Biomedical Research Development In South Carolina, Lucia A. Pirisi-Creek M.D, Scott Little, Ph.D. Jan 2008

Sc Inbre: A Catalyst For Biomedical Research Development In South Carolina, Lucia A. Pirisi-Creek M.D, Scott Little, Ph.D.

Journal of the South Carolina Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

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Thermoelectric Applications For Imaging Infrared Focal Plane Arrays, Roy T. Littleton Jan 2008

Thermoelectric Applications For Imaging Infrared Focal Plane Arrays, Roy T. Littleton

Journal of the South Carolina Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

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Effects Of Maternal Exposure To Lps On The Inflammatory Response In The Offspring, Natalie M. La Sala Jan 2008

Effects Of Maternal Exposure To Lps On The Inflammatory Response In The Offspring, Natalie M. La Sala

Seton Hall University Dissertations and Theses (ETDs)

No abstract provided.

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Greenfall Links Groundwater To Aboveground Food Webs In Desert River Floodplains, John L. Sabo, Kevin E. Mccluney, Yevgeniy Marusenko, Andrew Keller, Candan U. Soykan Jan 2008

Greenfall Links Groundwater To Aboveground Food Webs In Desert River Floodplains, John L. Sabo, Kevin E. Mccluney, Yevgeniy Marusenko, Andrew Keller, Candan U. Soykan

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Groundwater makes up nearly 99% of unfrozen freshwater worldwide and sustains riparian trees rooted in shallow aquifers, especially in arid and semiarid climates. The goal of this paper is to root animals in the regional water cycle by quantifying the significance of groundwater to riparian animals. We focused our efforts on the cricket, Gryllus alogus: a common primary consumer found in floodplain forests along the San Pedro River, in southeast Arizona, USA. Cottonwood trees make groundwater available to G. alogus as dislodged, groundwater-laden leaves (greenfall). We hypothesized that groundwater fluxes mediated by greenfall sustain G. allogus through the prolonged dry …

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M3-Muscarinic Receptor Activation Of Erk And Cell Growth Requires Calcium/Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases In Mcf-7 Cells, John M. Schmitt, Ellen Abell, Andrea Wagner Jan 2008

M3-Muscarinic Receptor Activation Of Erk And Cell Growth Requires Calcium/Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases In Mcf-7 Cells, John M. Schmitt, Ellen Abell, Andrea Wagner

Faculty Publications - Department of Biological & Molecular Science

Abstract The extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK) signaling pathway is found in diverse cells throughout the human body. ERK activation has been implicated in breast cancer cell growth and proliferation. Studies have shown that ERK is activated by carbachol, a G Protein-Coupled Receptor (GPCR) agonist, which increases intracellular calcium in MCF-7 cells. The calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CaM K) family of proteins including CaM KK, CaM KI, and CaM KII can be activated by increased intracellular calcium. Our goal was to determine whether CaM Ks may be responsible for ERK activation and cell proliferation in carbachol-treated MCF-7 cells and evaluate which …

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Bioactivities Of The Various Extracts And Essential Oils Of Salvia Limbata C.A.Mey. And Salvia Sclarea L., Hati̇ce Öğütçü, Atalay Sökmen, Münevver Sökmen, Moschos Polissiou, Julia Serkedjieva, Di̇mi̇tra Daferera, Fi̇kretti̇n Şahi̇n, Özlem Bariş, Medi̇ne Güllüce Jan 2008

Bioactivities Of The Various Extracts And Essential Oils Of Salvia Limbata C.A.Mey. And Salvia Sclarea L., Hati̇ce Öğütçü, Atalay Sökmen, Münevver Sökmen, Moschos Polissiou, Julia Serkedjieva, Di̇mi̇tra Daferera, Fi̇kretti̇n Şahi̇n, Özlem Bariş, Medi̇ne Güllüce

Turkish Journal of Biology

The present study evaluated the in vitro antimicrobial, antioxidant, and antiviral activities of the essential oil and various extracts of Salvia limbata C.A.Mey. and Salvia sclarea L., as well as the content of its essential oil. The activities of essential oils were tested against a wide range of human-, plant-, and food-borne microorganisms. A total of 55 microbial organisms belonging to 35 bacteria and 19 fungi and yeast species were tested using disk diffusion, micro dilution, and micro-well dilution. The essential oils were found to possess antimicrobial activity against some of the tested fungi, while no activity was observed against …

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"A New Species Of Freshwater Crab From Western Kenya" , Neil Cumberlidge, Michael Dobson Jan 2008

"A New Species Of Freshwater Crab From Western Kenya" , Neil Cumberlidge, Michael Dobson

Journal Articles

No abstract provided.

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Out Of South America: Multiple Origins Of Non-Native Apple Snails In Asia, Kenneth Hayes Jan 2008

Out Of South America: Multiple Origins Of Non-Native Apple Snails In Asia, Kenneth Hayes

Department of Biology Faculty Publications

Apple snails (Ampullariidae: Pomacea) native to the New World have become agricultural and environmental pests widely in southern and eastern Asia since their introduction in about 1980. Although their impacts have been extensively documented, considerable confusion persists regarding their identities and geographical origins. Efforts to resolve the confusion have suffered from inadequate taxonomic and geographical sampling from both native and introduced ranges. Using phylogenetic and genealogical methods, we analysed 610–655 bp of cytochrome c oxidase subunit I DNA sequences from 783 apple snails from 164 Asian locations and 57 native South American locations. In Asia, we found four species of …

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Dendritic Cell Maturation Versus Polarization In Tumor Escape, Michael Lipscomb, Walter Storkus, Amy Wesa Jan 2008

Dendritic Cell Maturation Versus Polarization In Tumor Escape, Michael Lipscomb, Walter Storkus, Amy Wesa

Department of Biology Faculty Publications

Dendritic cells serve as key immunosurveillance agents throughout the body and orchestrate the coordinate innate and adaptive immune responses to antigenically complex cells and organisms that challenge the host. The ability of dendritic cells to promote beneficial versus irrelevant or even, counterproductive, immunity in the cancer setting depends to a large degree on the operational parameters displayed by the heterogeneous population of dendritic cells found in the tumor microenvironment. This chapter will discuss how tumors manipulate the state of maturation and type of functional polarization displayed by dendritic cells in order to affect immune escape.

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