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2007

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Articles 301 - 330 of 557

Full-Text Articles in Biology

Review Of Analysis Of Phylogenetics And Evolution With R By Emmanuel Paradis, Daniel M. Stoebel Jan 2007

Review Of Analysis Of Phylogenetics And Evolution With R By Emmanuel Paradis, Daniel M. Stoebel

All HMC Faculty Publications and Research

This is a book review.

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Nitric Oxide And Cgmp Signaling In Calcium-Dependent Development Of Cell Polarity In Ceratopteris Richardii, Mari L. Salmi, Kacey E. Morris, Stanley J. Roux, D. Marshall Porterfield Jan 2007

Nitric Oxide And Cgmp Signaling In Calcium-Dependent Development Of Cell Polarity In Ceratopteris Richardii, Mari L. Salmi, Kacey E. Morris, Stanley J. Roux, D. Marshall Porterfield

Biological Sciences Faculty Research & Creative Works

Single-celled spores of the fern Ceratopteris richardii undergo gravity-directed cell polarity development that is driven by polar calcium currents. Here we present results that establish a role for nitric oxide (NO)/cGMP signaling in transducing the stimulus of gravity to directed polarization of the spores. Application of specific NO donors and scavengers inhibited the calcium-dependent gravity response in a dose-dependent manner. the effects of NO donor exposure were antagonized by application of NO scavenger compounds. Similarly, the guanylate cyclase inhibitors 6-anilino-5,8- quinolinedione and 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalin, and the phosphodiesterase inhibitor Viagra, which modulate NO-dependent cGMP levels in the cells, disrupted gravity-directed cell polarity …

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Genetic Modification Of Host Acceptance By A Seed Beetle: Quasi-Natural Vs. Artificial Selection, Meagan Bridges, Jake Jones, Amberleigh Muller, Frank J. Messina Jan 2007

Genetic Modification Of Host Acceptance By A Seed Beetle: Quasi-Natural Vs. Artificial Selection, Meagan Bridges, Jake Jones, Amberleigh Muller, Frank J. Messina

Biology Posters

Many plant-feeding insects use a fairly well-defined set of hosts, but are occasionally observed on an atypical host. The seed beetle Callosobruchus maculatus infests several grain legumes, especially Vigna spp. It has rarely been reported to attack lentil, a distant relative of its typical hosts (Credland, 1987). In three previous mass-selection experiments, we showed that larval survival in lentil increased rapidly after a bottleneck, from 70% in only 5-7 generations. Host shifts by insects may also require modification of egg-laying behavior. Initial assays confirmed that most C. maculatus females fail to recognize lentil as a potential host. We used both …

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Pattern Of Genetic Recovery In Daphnia Populations Following Experimental Removal Of Fish, Jaewook Chung, Leigh C. Latta, Iv, Michael E. Pfrender Jan 2007

Pattern Of Genetic Recovery In Daphnia Populations Following Experimental Removal Of Fish, Jaewook Chung, Leigh C. Latta, Iv, Michael E. Pfrender

Biology Posters

The establishment and maintenance of high levels of genetic diversity is an important consideration for populations that have experienced recent demographic collapse. Populations that have undergone demographic contraction or have been recently established generally lack standing adaptive variation. The level of adaptive genetic variation is a key determinant of population persistence, especially in changing environments, since dramatic changes in environmental conditions or community composition may impose severe or novel selective pressures. We obtained data for nuclear markers and conducted a common-garden experiment to assess the current levels of molecular genetic variation. Our results suggest that in the approximately eight years …

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Native And Exotic Plant Species Exhibit Similar Population Dynamics During Succession, Scott Meiners Jan 2007

Native And Exotic Plant Species Exhibit Similar Population Dynamics During Succession, Scott Meiners

Faculty Research & Creative Activity

A growing body of literature has led to the debate in invasion biology whether exotic species perform within communities differently than native taxa due to inherent advantages. To address this issue, the population dynamics of native and exotic plant species were assessed from a 48-year record of permanent plot data from the Hutcheson Memorial Forest Center (New Jersey, USA) to determine rate of increase, lag time, maximum frequency, and the year of peak frequency. Overall, native and exotic species exhibited very similar population dynamics. Rates of increase and length of lag times were similar between native and exotic taxa but …

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Life Without Water: Expression Of Plant Lea Genes By An Anhydrobiotic Arthropod, Steven C. Hand, Dana Jones, Michael A. Menze, Trudy L. Witt Jan 2007

Life Without Water: Expression Of Plant Lea Genes By An Anhydrobiotic Arthropod, Steven C. Hand, Dana Jones, Michael A. Menze, Trudy L. Witt

Faculty Research & Creative Activity

Anhydrobiotic animals protect cellular architecture and metabolic machinery in the dry state, yet the molecular repertoire supporting this profound dehydration tolerance is not fully understood. For the desiccation-tolerant crustacean, Artemia franciscana, we report differential expression of two distinct mRNAs encoding for proteins that share sequence similarities and structural features with late-embryogenesis abundant (LEA) proteins originally discovered in plants. Bioinformatic analyses support assignment of the LEA proteins from A. franciscana to group 3. This eucoelomate species is the most highly evolved animal for which LEA gene expression has been reported. It is becoming clear that an ensemble of micromolecules and macromolecules …

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Native And Exotic Plant Species Exhibit Similar Population Dynamics During Succession, Scott J. Meiners Jan 2007

Native And Exotic Plant Species Exhibit Similar Population Dynamics During Succession, Scott J. Meiners

Faculty Research & Creative Activity

A growing body of literature has led to the debate in invasion biology whether exotic species perform within communities differently than native taxa due to inherent advantages. To address this issue, the population dynamics of native and exotic plant species were assessed from a 48-year record of permanent plot data from the Hutcheson Memorial Forest Center (New Jersey, USA) to determine rate of increase, lag time, maximum frequency, and the year of peak frequency. Overall, native and exotic species exhibited very similar population dynamics. Rates of increase and length of lag times were similar between native and exotic taxa but …

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Alaska At The Crossroads Of Migration: Space-Based Ornithology, Jill L. Deppe, K Wessels, J A. Smith Jan 2007

Alaska At The Crossroads Of Migration: Space-Based Ornithology, Jill L. Deppe, K Wessels, J A. Smith

Faculty Research & Creative Activity

Understanding bird migration on a global scale is one of the most compelling and challenging problems of modern biology. Each year multitudes of migratory birds travel between breeding grounds in Alaska and wintering grounds in the Americas, Asia, and Australia. Here we present the conceptual framework for a spatially explicit, individual-based biophysical migration model driven by dynamic remote sensing observations of atmospheric and land surface conditions to simulate migration routes, timing, energy budgets, and probability of survival. Understanding temporal and spatial patterns of bird migration will provide insight into pressing conservation and human health issues related to this taxonomic group.

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Phylogeny And Geological History Of The Cynipoid Wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipoidea), Zhiwei Liu, Michael S. Engel, David A. Grimaldi Jan 2007

Phylogeny And Geological History Of The Cynipoid Wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipoidea), Zhiwei Liu, Michael S. Engel, David A. Grimaldi

Faculty Research & Creative Activity

The geological history of the wasp superfamily Cynipoidea is reviewed, with the description of various new taxa, being mostly in Late Cretaceous amber from New Jersey and Canada. The various fossil lineages are incorporated into a phylogenetic analysis of the superfamily, and their implications for understanding the evolution of the group are explored. The following new taxa or taxonomic changes are proposed (authorship of all taxa is Liu and Engel): Protimaspidae, new family; Stolamissidae, new family; Stolamissus, new genus; Stolamissus mirabilis, new species; Proliopterinae, new subfamily; Proliopteron, new genus; Proliopteron redactus, new species; Goeraniinae, new subfamily; Goerania, new genus; Goerania …

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Over-Expression Of Udp-Glucose Pyrophosphorylase In Hybrid Poplar Affects Carbon Allocation, Heather Coleman, Thomas Canam, Kyu-Young Kang, David Ellis, Shawn Mansfield Jan 2007

Over-Expression Of Udp-Glucose Pyrophosphorylase In Hybrid Poplar Affects Carbon Allocation, Heather Coleman, Thomas Canam, Kyu-Young Kang, David Ellis, Shawn Mansfield

Faculty Research & Creative Activity

The effects of the over-expression of the Acetobacter xylinum UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (UGPase) under the control of the tandem repeat Cauliflower Mosaic Virus promoter (2335S) on plant metabolism and growth were investigated in hybrid poplar (Populus alba3grandidentata). Transcript levels, enzyme activity, growth parameters, leaf morphology, structural and soluble carbohydrates, and soluble metabolite levels were quantified in both transgenic and wild-type trees. Transgenic 2335S::UGPase poplar showed impaired growth rates, displaying reduced height growth and stem diameter. Morphologically, 2335S::UGPase trees had elongated axial shoots, and leaves that were substantially smaller in size when compared with wild-type trees at equivalent developmental stages. Biochemical analysis …

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Production Of Methanethiol And Volatile Sulfur Compounds By The Archaeon ‘‘Ferroplasma Acidarmanus’’, David Baumler, Kai Hung, Kwang Jeong, Charles Kaspar Jan 2007

Production Of Methanethiol And Volatile Sulfur Compounds By The Archaeon ‘‘Ferroplasma Acidarmanus’’, David Baumler, Kai Hung, Kwang Jeong, Charles Kaspar

Faculty Research & Creative Activity

Acidophiles are typically isolated from sulfaterich ecological niches yet the role of sulfur metabolism in their growth and survival is poorly defined. Studies of heterotrophically grown ‘‘Ferroplasma acidarmanus’’ showed that its growth requires a minimum of 100 mM of a sulfate-containing salt. Headspace gas analyses by GC/ MS determined that the volatile sulfur compound emitted by active ‘‘F. acidarmanus’’ cultures is methanethiol. In ‘‘F. acidarmanus’’ cultures grown either heterotrophically or chemolithotrophically, methanethiol was produced constitutively. Radiotracer studies with 35S-labeled methionine, cysteine, and sulfate showed that all three were used in methanethiol production. Additionally, 3H-labeled methionine was incorporated into methanethiol and …

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Phylogenetic Analysis Of The Socioecology Of Neotomine-Peromyscine Rodents, M C. Kalcounis-Rueppell, David O. Ribble Jan 2007

Phylogenetic Analysis Of The Socioecology Of Neotomine-Peromyscine Rodents, M C. Kalcounis-Rueppell, David O. Ribble

Biology Faculty Research

This chapter focuses on the breeding systems of Neotomine-Peromyscine rodents. There are three specific objectives to this chapter. First, we describe the patterns for major Neotomine-Peromyscine clades using data collected from the literature (table 6.1). Second, we examine data from the literature on the following breeding behaviors: male spacing, female spacing, relative intersexual home range/territory size, paternal care, and juvenile dispersal patterns. We examine breeding behavior data in a phylogenetic framework to test if any phylogenetic patterns emerge in the observed variation in these breeding behaviors and if relationships occur among these behaviors. Third, we examine in a phylogenetic framework …

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Dishonest ‘Preemptive’ Pursuit-Deterrent Signal? Why The Turquoise-Browed Motmot Wags Its Tail Before Feeding Nestlings, Troy G. Murphy Jan 2007

Dishonest ‘Preemptive’ Pursuit-Deterrent Signal? Why The Turquoise-Browed Motmot Wags Its Tail Before Feeding Nestlings, Troy G. Murphy

Biology Faculty Research

Both sexes of the turquoise-browed motmot, Eumomota superciliosa, display their long-racketed tail in an exaggerated side-to-side wag display in two contexts. In the first, the wag display is performed in the presence of predators (predator-elicited wag display), and evidence supports the hypothesis that the signal functions as a pursuit-deterrent signal (Murphy 2006, Behavioral Ecology, 17, 547e553). In the second, the wag display is performed in the apparent absence of predators immediately before feeding nestlings (prefeeding wag display). I tested four hypotheses on the adaptive significance of the prefeeding wag display: (1) a dishonest, preemptive, pursuit-deterrent signal given in case predators …

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Stream Ambient Noise, Spectrum And Propagation Of Sounds In The Goby Padogobius Martensii: Sound Pressure And Particle Velocity, Marco Lugli, Michael L. Fine Jan 2007

Stream Ambient Noise, Spectrum And Propagation Of Sounds In The Goby Padogobius Martensii: Sound Pressure And Particle Velocity, Marco Lugli, Michael L. Fine

Biology Publications

The most sensitive hearing and peak frequencies of courtship calls of the stream goby, Padogobius martensii, fall within a quiet window at around 100Hz in the ambient noise spectrum. Acoustic pressure was previously measured although Padogobius likely responds to particle motion. In this study a combination pressure (p) and particle velocity (u) detector was utilized to describe ambient noise of the habitat, the characteristics of the goby’s sounds and their attenuation with distance. The ambient noise (AN) spectrum is generally similar for p and u (including the quiet window at noisy locations), although the energy distribution of uspectrum is …

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The Legacy Of Harvest And Fire On Ecosystem Carbon Storage In A North Temperate Forest, Christopher M. Gough Jan 2007

The Legacy Of Harvest And Fire On Ecosystem Carbon Storage In A North Temperate Forest, Christopher M. Gough

Biology Publications

Forest harvesting and wildfire were widespread in the upper Great Lakes region of North America during the early 20th century. We examined how long this legacy of disturbance constrains forest carbon (C) storage rates by quantifying C pools and fluxes after harvest and fire in a mixed deciduous forest chronosequence in northern lower Michigan, USA. Study plots ranged in age from 6 to 68 yrs and were created following experimental clear-cut harvesting and fire disturbance. Annual C storage was estimated biometrically from measurements of wood, leaf, fine root, and woody debris mass, mass losses to herbivory, soil carbon content, and …

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Is A Basketball Free-Throw Sequence Nonrandom? A Group Exercise For Undergraduate Statistics Students, Stephen C. Adolph Jan 2007

Is A Basketball Free-Throw Sequence Nonrandom? A Group Exercise For Undergraduate Statistics Students, Stephen C. Adolph

All HMC Faculty Publications and Research

I describe a group exercise that I give to my undergraduate biostatistics class. The exercise involves analyzing a series of 200 consecutive basketball free-throw attempts to determine whether there is any evidence for sequential dependence in the probability of making a free-throw. The students are given the exercise before they have learned the appropriate statistical tests, so that they can come up with ideas on their own. Students spend a full class period working on the problem, with my guidance and hints. In the next class period, we discuss how each student group approached the problem. I then present several …

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Left-Right Olfactory Asymmetry Results From Antagonistic Functions Of Voltage-Activated Calcium Channels And The Raw Repeat Protein Olrn-1 In C. Elegans, S L. Bauer Haung, Y Saheki, Miri Vanhoven, I Torayama, T Ishihara, I Katsura, A Van Der Linden, P Sengupta, C I. Bargmann Jan 2007

Left-Right Olfactory Asymmetry Results From Antagonistic Functions Of Voltage-Activated Calcium Channels And The Raw Repeat Protein Olrn-1 In C. Elegans, S L. Bauer Haung, Y Saheki, Miri Vanhoven, I Torayama, T Ishihara, I Katsura, A Van Der Linden, P Sengupta, C I. Bargmann

Faculty Publications, Biological Sciences

The left and right AWC olfactory neurons in Caenorhabditis elegans differ in their functions and in their expression of chemosensory receptor genes; in each animal, one AWC randomly takes on one identity, designated AWCOFF, and the contralateral AWC becomes AWCON. Signaling between AWC neurons induces left-right asymmetry through a gap junction network and a claudin-related protein, which inhibit a calcium-regulated MAP kinase pathway in the neuron that becomes AWCON. Results We show here that the asymmetry gene olrn-1 acts downstream of the gap junction and claudin genes to inhibit the calcium-MAP kinase pathway in AWCON. OLRN-1, a protein with potential …

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Feeding In Extreme Flows: Behavior Compensates For Mechanical Constraints In Barnacle Cirri, Luke P. Miller Jan 2007

Feeding In Extreme Flows: Behavior Compensates For Mechanical Constraints In Barnacle Cirri, Luke P. Miller

Faculty Publications, Biological Sciences

Plastic morphological changes in response to environmental cues can allow organisms to adapt to their local environment. Barnacle feeding legs (cirri) exhibit substantial plasticity in size and shape along wave exposure gradients on rocky shores, but only up to a certain limit in maximum water velocities. Above the limit, the morphology of the cirri becomes invariant. Behavioral observations of barnacles feeding at a wave-exposed shore indicate that the fast response time for feeding motions allows barnacles to avoid potentially damaging flows associated with breaking waves, while still allowing feeding between wave impacts. The ability of barnacles to avoid individual waves …

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The Role Of Local And Regional Processes In Structuring Larval Dragonfly Distributions Across Habitat Gradients, S J. Mccauley Jan 2007

The Role Of Local And Regional Processes In Structuring Larval Dragonfly Distributions Across Habitat Gradients, S J. Mccauley

Biological Sciences

Despite the importance of community-structuring processes operating at both local and regional scales, there is relatively little work examining both forces within a single system. I used a combination of observational and experimental approaches to examine the processes structuring larval dragonfly distributions in lentic habitats that encompass a gradient of both permanence and top predator type. I compared the relative vulnerability of species to predators from different portions of this gradient to assess the role of predation as a local force structuring communities. I also assessed the role of regional processes on species’ distributions by examining species’ propensity to disperse …

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Arbor Day Confusion, William D. Stansfield Jan 2007

Arbor Day Confusion, William D. Stansfield

Biological Sciences

No abstract provided.

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The Long And Winding Road: Influences Of Intracellular Metabolite Diffusion On Cellular Organization And Metabolism In Skeletal Muscle, Stephen T. Kinsey, Kristin M. Hardy, Bruce R. Locke Jan 2007

The Long And Winding Road: Influences Of Intracellular Metabolite Diffusion On Cellular Organization And Metabolism In Skeletal Muscle, Stephen T. Kinsey, Kristin M. Hardy, Bruce R. Locke

Biological Sciences

A fundamental principle of physiology is that cells are small in order to minimize diffusion distances for O2 and intracellular metabolites. In skeletal muscle, it has long been recognized that aerobic fibers that are used for steady state locomotion tend to be smaller than anaerobic fibers that are used for burst movements. This tendency reflects the interaction between diffusion distances and aerobic ATP turnover rates, since maximal intracellular diffusion distances are ultimately limited by fiber size. The effect of diffusion distance on O2 flux in muscle has been the subject of quantitative analyses for a century, but the …

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Homogenization Of Fish Faunas And Concurrent Anthropogenic Impacts On Plains Streams In Western Kansas: 1854–2003, Mark E. Eberle Jan 2007

Homogenization Of Fish Faunas And Concurrent Anthropogenic Impacts On Plains Streams In Western Kansas: 1854–2003, Mark E. Eberle

Fort Hays Studies Series

The fish faunas of the Kansas and Arkansas river basins in western Kansas were signifi cantly dissimilar at the time the Kansas Territory was established in 1854. The faunas were no longer dissimilar 150 years later. This homogenization of the faunas resulted primarily from extirpations, although additions of nonnative species, which now constitute 40% of extant faunas, also contributed. Two periods of changes in the faunas were associated with concurrent anthropogenic changes to the landscape that altered stream habitats. Early extirpations of native species (prior to 1920) occurred in clear, perennial creeks and were concurrent with rapid increases in human …

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Force-Induced Unfolding Of Fibronectin In The Extracellular Matrix Of Living Cells, Kristopher Kubow Jan 2007

Force-Induced Unfolding Of Fibronectin In The Extracellular Matrix Of Living Cells, Kristopher Kubow

Selected Works

No abstract provided.

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World Notes Biology Icon As He Turns 300 Years Old, Aldemaro Romero Jr., Staria Verpool Jan 2007

World Notes Biology Icon As He Turns 300 Years Old, Aldemaro Romero Jr., Staria Verpool

Publications and Research

No abstract provided.

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Corticosterone And Foraging Behaviour In A Pelagic Seabird, F Angelier, Scott A. Shaffer, H Weimerskirch, C Trouvé, O Chastel Jan 2007

Corticosterone And Foraging Behaviour In A Pelagic Seabird, F Angelier, Scott A. Shaffer, H Weimerskirch, C Trouvé, O Chastel

Faculty Publications, Biological Sciences

Because endocrine mechanisms are thought to mediate behavioral responses to changes in the environment, examining these mechanisms is essential for understanding how long-lived seabirds adjust their foraging decisions to contrasting environmental conditions in order to maximize their fitness. In this context, the hormone corticosterone (CORT) deserves specific attention because of its major connections with locomotor activities. We examined for the first time the relationships between individual CORT levels and measurements of foraging success and behavior using satellite tracking and blood sampling from wandering albatrosses (Diomedea exulans) before (pretrip CORT levels) and after (posttrip CORT levels) foraging trips during the incubation …

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Selective Activation Of Estrogen Receptor-Β Transcriptional Pathways By An Herbal Extract, Aleksandra Cvoro, Sreenivasan Paruthiyil, Jeremy O. Jones, Christina Tzagarakis-Foster, Nicola J. Clegg, Deirdre Tatomer, Roanna T. Medina, Mary Tagliaferri, Fred Schaufele, Thomas S. Scanlan, Marc I. Diamond, Isaac Cohen, Dale C. Leitman Jan 2007

Selective Activation Of Estrogen Receptor-Β Transcriptional Pathways By An Herbal Extract, Aleksandra Cvoro, Sreenivasan Paruthiyil, Jeremy O. Jones, Christina Tzagarakis-Foster, Nicola J. Clegg, Deirdre Tatomer, Roanna T. Medina, Mary Tagliaferri, Fred Schaufele, Thomas S. Scanlan, Marc I. Diamond, Isaac Cohen, Dale C. Leitman

Biology Faculty Publications

Novel estrogenic therapies are needed that ameliorate menopausal symptoms and have the bone-sparing effects of endogenous estrogens but do not promote breast or uterine cancer. Recent evidence suggests that selective activation of the estrogen receptor (ER)-beta subtype inhibits breast cancer cell proliferation. To establish whether ERbeta-selective ligands represent a viable approach to improve hormone therapy, we investigated whether the estrogenic activities present in an herbal extract, MF101, used to treat hot flashes, are ERbeta selective. MF101 promoted ERbeta, but not ERalpha, activation of an estrogen response element upstream of the luciferase reporter gene. MF101 also selectively regulates transcription of endogenous …

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Performance Of Dionaea Muscipula As Influenced By Developing Vegetation, James O. Luken Jan 2007

Performance Of Dionaea Muscipula As Influenced By Developing Vegetation, James O. Luken

Biology

Demography, growth, and flowering of Dionaea muscipula (Venus' fly trap) were studied during three years (2003–2005) following prescribed fire. Data were collected in permanent quadrats where the developing vegetation was either repeatedly clipped or allowed to grow. Clipping increased light availability at the soil surface. Over the study period, seedling establishment and flowering declined with increasing time since the last prescribed burn. Seedling densities did not differ between clipped and control quadrats, although greater numbers of seedlings grew to adult size in control quadrats and this significantly influenced population size-class structure. Clipping had no effect on leaf number or senescence, …

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Ultrastructure Of Teliospores And Promycelium And Basidiospore Formation In The Four-Spored Form Of Gymnoconia Nitens, One Of The Causes Of Orange Rust Of Rubus, C. W. Mims, E. A. Richardson, Josephine Taylor Jan 2007

Ultrastructure Of Teliospores And Promycelium And Basidiospore Formation In The Four-Spored Form Of Gymnoconia Nitens, One Of The Causes Of Orange Rust Of Rubus, C. W. Mims, E. A. Richardson, Josephine Taylor

Faculty Publications

Orange rust of Rubus is an interesting disease because of the fact that it can be caused by three different rust fungi that produce virtually identical symptoms. One is Gymnoconia peckiana (Howe in Peck) Trotter, which is a demicyclic species, while the other two are endocyclic forms historically referred to as Gymnoconia nitens (Schwein.) Kern & H.W. Thurston. Although the spores produced on infected Rubus leaves by these latter two forms are morphologically identical to the aeciospores of G. peckiana, they actually function as teliospores. However, the teliospores of one of the forms gives rise to two-celled promycelia that …

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Updated And New Amphibian And Reptile Records From Clark County, Illinois [Abstract], C. Drew Foster, Stephen J. Mullin Jan 2007

Updated And New Amphibian And Reptile Records From Clark County, Illinois [Abstract], C. Drew Foster, Stephen J. Mullin

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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Population Responses Of Wood Frog (Rana Sylvatica) Tadpoles To Overwintered Bullfrog (Rana Catesbeiana) Tadpoles, Leroy J. Walston, Stephen J. Mullin Jan 2007

Population Responses Of Wood Frog (Rana Sylvatica) Tadpoles To Overwintered Bullfrog (Rana Catesbeiana) Tadpoles, Leroy J. Walston, Stephen J. Mullin

Faculty Publications

A fundamental goal in ecology is to understand how environmental variation influences the distribution of individuals within a population. In this study, we used laboratory experiments to examine the population responses of sympatric Wood Frog (Rana sylvatica) tadpoles to native overwintered Bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana) tadpoles. For periods of up to two weeks, we measured growth, activity, and refuge use of Wood Frog tadpoles in small mesocosms with and without an overwintered Bullfrog tadpole present. Bullfrog tadpoles had a negative effect on the growth of Wood Frog tadpoles allotopic (naive) to Bullfrogs, whereas the presence of Bullfrogs had no effect on …

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