Biology Commons^™

Karyological Observation Of Red Mullet (Mullus Barbatus Linnaeus, 1758), Serkan Saygun, İsmi̇han Karayücel, Recep Bi̇rcan

Turkish Journal of Biology

The number and structure of red mullet chromosomes (Mullus barbatus Linnaeus, 1758) were investigated and the species karyotype was analyzed. Specimens were obtained by trawl from the coast of Zonguldak, Turkey. A colchicine solution, 0.1 mg/g of body weight, was intramuscularly injected dorsally, and intraperitoneally injected ventrally. Slides were prepared from gill and fin epithelial tissues. Results of the conventional staining method showed that this species has 2n = 44 diploid chromosomes.

Functionality Of Different Surfactants And Ingredients In Frozen Dough, Ali Asghar, Faqir Muhammad Anjum, Masood Sadiq Butt, Shahzad Hussain

Turkish Journal of Biology

Surfactants are widely used in bakeries as dough strengtheners and dough improvers but there is a wide range of compounds available according to their mode of action that could potentially improve the quality of not only the simple breads and doughs but also of frozen dough. These types of product usually have a short shelf-life when compared with normal bakery products. With the increase in modernization and new trends in food products, consumers are becoming more and more aware and conscious about their diet and therefore their health as well. The quality of frozen dough bakery products could be improved …

The Effects Of The Herbicide Atrazine On Human Liver Cells, Erin R. Powell

Honors Program Theses

Atrazine is one of the most commonly used herbicides in the United States, in particular for maize crops. This herbicide is very effective against weeds. However, it has also been associated with many harmful health effects in non-target organisms such as amphibians and mammals. One of the non-target effects of atrazine may be to act as an endocrine disruptor in different cells. To study the endocrine system effects of atrazine in human cells, a human liver cell line (HepG2) was used. In this study, we determined the effects on growth of HepG2 cells after exposure to increasing concentrations of this …

Ltr Retrotransposon Evolution In Wild Sunflowers, Kaitlin Marie Stimpson

Presidential Scholars Theses (1990 – 2006)

Transposable elements are DNA sequences that are able to move from place to place in the genome, and in some cases, make copies of themselves and reinsert back into the genome. Transposable elements are divided into three classes based on their method of transposition. Class I elements transpose by an RNA intermediate, and these include L TR (long terminal repeat) and non-L TR retrotransposons. Class II elements relocate in the genome without duplication. Interestingly, class III elements entirely lack genes and rely on products of other elements for transposition. Transposable elements are no longer considered unusual or unique components of …

Identification Of Proteins Interacting With The Poly C Binding Protein 1 In The Central Nervous System Using Yeast Two Hybrid Screening System, Joanne Eghenayahiore Odiase

Seton Hall University Dissertations and Theses (ETDs)

.

Chironomid Hemoglobin Genetic Diversity As An Indicator Of The New Jersey Hackensack Meadowlands Wetland Health, Lene Marie De Coursin Jacobs

Seton Hall University Dissertations and Theses (ETDs)

.

Gp120 Up-Regulation Of The Mu Opioid Receptor In Tpa Differentiated Hl-60 Cells, Anitha Pallur

Seton Hall University Dissertations and Theses (ETDs)

.

Why Is The Number Of Dna Bases 4?, Bo Deng

Department of Mathematics: Faculty Publications

In this paper we construct a mathematical model for DNA replication based on Shannon’s mathematical theory for communication. We treatDNAreplication as a communication channel. We show that the mean replication rate is maximal with four nucleotide bases under the primary assumption that the pairing time of the G–C bases is between 1.65 and 3 times the pairing time of the A–T bases.

An Engineered Nonsense Ura3 Allele Provides A Versatile System To Detect The Presence, Absence And Appearance Of The [Em>Psi+] Prion In Saccharomyces Cerevisiae, Anita L. Manogaran, Kathryn T. Kirkland, Susan W. Liebman

Biological Sciences Faculty Research and Publications

Common methods to identify yeast cells containing the prion form of the Sup35 translation termination factor, [PSI⁺], involve a nonsense suppressor phenotype. Decreased function of Sup35p in [PSI⁺] cells leads to readthrough of certain nonsense mutations in a few auxotrophic markers, for example, ade1-14. This readthrough results in growth on adenine deficient media. While this powerful tool has dramatically facilitated the study of [PSI⁺], it is limited to a narrow range of laboratory strains and cannot easily be used to screen for cells that have lost the [PSI^{+ …}

Loss Of Escape-Related Giant Neurons In A Spiny Lobster, Panulirus Argus, Sandra Y. Espinoza, Lana Breen, Nisha Varghese, Zen Faulkes

School of Integrative Biological & Chemical Sciences (Formerly Dept. of Biology)

When attacked, many decapod crustaceans perform tailflips, which are triggered by a neural circuit that includes lateral giant interneurons, medial giant interneurons, and fast flexor motor giant neurons (MoGs). Slipper lobsters (Scyllaridae) lack these giant neurons, and it has been hypothesized that behavioral (e.g., digging) and morphological (e.g., flattening and armor) specializations in this group caused the loss of escape-related giant neurons. To test this hypothesis, we examined a species of spiny lobster, Panulirus argus. Spiny lobsters belong to the sister taxon of the scyllarids, but they have a more crayfish-like morphology than scyllarids and were predicted to have escape-related …

Digging Mechanisms And Substrate Preferences Of Shovel Nosed Lobsters, Ibacus Peronii (Decapoda: Scyllaridae), Zen Faulkes

School of Integrative Biological & Chemical Sciences (Formerly Dept. of Biology)

Digging is a distinct form of locomotion that poses different mechanical problems than other locomotor modes that are commonly used by crustaceans, e.g., walking, swimming. I examined the mechanisms of digging by shovel nosed lobsters (Ibacus peronii), which spend most of the day underneath sand. Ibacus peronii were videotaped while digging. Ibacus peronii use a “wedge” strategy to submerge into sand. An individual penetrates the sand with the walking legs, then extends the abdomen to push sand backwards, then flexes the abdomen while pushing backward with the legs, which slowly drives the body into the sand. This basic …

Cultivation Of Methanogens From Shallow Marine Sediments At Hydrate Ridge, Orego, Melissa Kendall, David R. Boone

Biology Faculty Publications and Presentations

Little is known about the methanogenic degradation of acetate, the fate of molecular hydrogen and formate or the ability of methanogens to grow and produce methane in cold, anoxic marine sediments. The microbes that produce methane were examined in permanently cold, anoxic marine sediments at Hydrate Ridge (44°35' N, 125°10' W, depth 800 m). Sediment samples (15 to 35 cm deep) were collected from areas of active methane ebullition or areas where methane hydrates occurred. The samples were diluted into enrichment medium with formate, acetate or trimethylamine as catabolic substrate. After 2 years of incubation at 4 °C to 15 …

Comparative Phylogenomics Of Clostridium Difficile Reveals Clade Specificity And Microevolution Of Hypervirulent Strains., Denise Drudy

Articles

No abstract provided.

Analysis Of Enzyme, Carbohydrate And Mineral Distribution In The Foot Of Abalone Shellfish., Leanne F. Harris, Nuala O'Byrne-Ring, Helen Lambkin

Articles

No abstract provided.

Adding Species Diversity To A Reconstructed Prairie Using An Incremental Approach, Amy L. Carolan

Dissertations and Theses @ UNI

Plant species diversity in reconstructed prairies is extremely low when compared to that of prairie remnants. In this experiment I am testing the feasibility of increasing the abundance of native forbs in a reconstructed prairie using an incremental approach. The site chosen for this experiment is one that consists of five species of thirty-year old prairie grasses along with 23 species of native prairie forbs that were overseeded in 1999.

I hypothesized that forb diversity could be increased in an established grassland using an incremental approach, and that mowing would amplify the success of the planting. To test these ideas …

The Antiviral Action Of Common Household Disinfectants And Antiseptics Against Murine Hepatitis Virus, Christine Bernadette Dellanno

Theses, Dissertations and Culminating Projects

The 2003 outbreak of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) infected over 8,000 people and killed 784 leaving many questions concerning the effectiveness of common household disinfectants and antiseptics at preventing viral transmission. In order to determine how well standard disinfectants and detergents were at eliminating viral particles from surfaces, the antiviral action of triclosan, pine oil, bleach, chloroxylenol and quaternary ammonium compound/ethanol based products were assayed against Murine Hepatitis Virus (MHV), a virus genetically similar to SARS. Using the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) guidelines for the virucidal assay, it was determined that alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium saccharinate in 79% ethanol …

Analysis Of Kinase Effects On Viral Replication Of The Papillomavirus, Joshua R. Raynes

UNF Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Papillomaviruses are a genera of small tumor viruses in the Papovaviridae family, whose lifecycle and replication ability is directed by epithelial differentiation. During latency, papillomavirus DNA replication occurs synchronously with the host cell's replication by the activation of the El protein. To elucidate the effects upon viral replication, this study utilized chemical inhibition of several kinases predicted to phosphorylate, and subsequently modify the activity of, the papillomavirus' E1 protein. The amount of DNA replicated was observed via autoradiography following DNA extraction and southern blotting of BPV-transformed C127 cells. Sample extracts from cells exposed to specific chemical inhibitors of PKC, CDK, …

Physical And Health Assessment Of A Population Of Raccoon (Procyon Lotor) In Northeastern Florida, Eric C. Munscher

UNF Graduate Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this research was to study the potential negative effects that mesopredators have on their environment and to promote control of mesopredator populations. Overabundant predatory species such as the raccoons (Procyon lotor) and Virginia opossums (Didelphis virginiana) can have significant pernicious effects on populations of autochthonous prey species, particularly when super predators such as the red wolf (Canis rufus) and Florida panther (Felis concolor coryii) are absent. These overabundant species, coined as mesopredators, are often responsible for extreme levels of predation on prey species and/or their young. The mesopredator release hypothesis involves the "release" or increased density of …

Acquisition And Retention Of Bacterial Spores (Bacillus Atrophaeus) By Eight Insect Species, Kieron Marie Torres

Theses and Dissertations

Acquisition and retention of spores of an anthrax surrogate, Bacillus atrophaeus Nakamura ("BG") were evaluated in eight insect species. Species included: house cricket (Acheta domesticus L.), German cockroach (Blatella germanica L.), common house fly (Musca domestics L.), blue bottle fly (Calliphora vomitoria L.), hairy rove beetle Creophilus maxillosus L.), yellow mealworm (Tenebrio molitor L.), common paper wasps (Polistes exclamans exclamans Viereck), red paper wasps (Polistes Carolina L.), red harvester ant (Pogonymyrmex barbatus Smith). Individual insects were offered BG-treated food and sacrificed at specified time intervals following one, two or three meals. Resulting samples were surface-washed five consecutive times then homogenized …

Genetic Assessment Of Rare Blackbanded Sunfish (Enneacanthus Chaetodon) Populations In Virginia, Diana Marie Kercher

Theses and Dissertations

Enneacanthus chaetodon, the blackbanded sunfish, has become increasingly rare throughout its distribution in the Eastern United States. In Virginia, E. chaetodon maintains an endangered status and individuals persist in six populations. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and microsatellite data were assessed to determine the genetic characters and gene diversity of the Virginia populations. The results of these analyses were then compared to five additional populations; four from New Jersey and one from North Carolina that were known to have relatively good fitness and were not impacted severely by habitat alteration. The results of this study are relevant to selection of proper management …

Invasion Genetics Of The Blue Catfish (Ictalurus Furcatus) Range Expansion Into Large River Ecosystems Of The Chesapeake Bay Watershed, Colleen Beth Higgins

Theses and Dissertations

The blue catfish, Ictalurus furcatus (Ictaluridae), is ranked among the most invasive, nonnative species of concern in the Chesapeake Bay watershed. This species, intentionally introduced to three major tributaries and a number of impoundments between 1974 and 1989 for sport fishing, has spread into three additional tributaries. Using samples from the introduced tributary populations as a baseline, we evaluated microsatellite genetic variation in light of demographic and ecological data to elucidate the potential sources of the invasive I. furcatus populations. In general, the populations surveyed in the Chesapeake Bay watershed were considerably more inbred (F ranged from 0.03 - 0.27) …

Calcium/Calmodulin Dependent Protein Kinase Type-Ii Associates With Flightless-I To Influence Its Nuclear Localization, Matthew Edward Seward

Theses and Dissertations

Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type-II (CaMK-II) is a Ser/Thr protein kinase regulated by Ca2+ and Calmodulin. It is a highly conserved and broadly expressed enzyme and has a unique structure and dynamic regulation. It has the ability to remain active in the absence of Ca 2+ as a result of Ca2+ dependent autophosphorylation. CaMK-II phospliorylates proteins involved in neurotransmitter secretion, long term potentiation, cytoskeletal dynamics, gene transcription, and cell motility. To support existing and identify new intracellular roles of CaMK-II, potential binding partners were identified. This was accomplished by transfecting and purifying "FLAG-tagged" CaMK-II's (α, βE, δC, and δE). CaMK-II associated …

Degenerate Oligonucleotide Primed-Pcr: Thermalcycling Modifications And Comparison Studies, Denise N. Rodier

Theses and Dissertations

Degenerate Oligonucleotide Primed-PCR (DOP-PCR) can potentially enhance analysis of low copy number DNA samples. Theoretically, this procedure replicates fragments of the genome that can then be used for downstream multiplex STR analysis. The objective of this study is to optimize DOP-PCR by examining ramplelongation times and cycle numbers in the non-specific amplification portion of DOP-PCR, and by modifying the degenerate primer. Additionally, other methods such as Multiple Displacement Amplification (MDA) and Low Copy Number PCR (LCN PCR) were examined for their ability to create accurate DNA profiles from low DNA input amounts. Increasing the ramplelongation times showed no effect on …

Transforming Growth Factor-Β1 (Tgf-Β1) Induces Mast Cell Apoptosis, Farnaz Norozian

Theses and Dissertations

Mast cells are potent effectors of the inflammatory response, playing an important role in atopy, bacterial immunity, and animal models of arthritis, multiple sclerosis, and heart disease. Hence controlling mast cell numbers and responsiveness is essential for preventing inflammatory disease. This work demonstrated that the cytokine TGF-β1 is a potent inducer of mast cell apoptosis, a finding that was consistent for cultured mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells, peritoneal mast cells, and human mast cells. Cell death appeared to be the result of TGF-mediated repression of IL-3 receptor expression and function, leading to mitochondria1 damage and activation of an apoptotic cascade …

Design And Implementation Of A Storage Management Method For Content Distribution, Chang-Soo Kim, Yu-Hyeon Bak, Sang-Min Woo, Won-Jae Lee, Nunm-Ok Gee, Hag-Young Kim

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The SMART system is a special purpose server developed by ETRI and designed for efficient streaming services over high speed networks. The SMART server has one or more special purpose NS (Network-Storage) card. The NS card has several disks that store multimedia contents. However all of the multimedia contents to be serviced cannot be stored at the server. In this paper, we will describe the storage management mechanism in design and implementation aspects. With this storage management mechanism, the SMART server can provide effectiveness in managing storage and distributing some contents from a source station to streaming service servers.