Biology Commons^™

Differential Distribution Of D4 And D2 Dopamine Receptors In Rat Brain: An Autoradiographic Study Using [3H]Ym-09151-2 And [3H]Raclopride, Nancy C. Stratman

Masters Theses

Extrapyramidal side effects (EPS) are associated with most antipsychotics for the treatment of schizophrenia since these agents antagonize dopamine D₂ receptors in the nigrostriatal pathway, a brain system that regulates motor functions. Clozapine, an atypical antipsychotic agent in that it does not produce EPS, was found to be more selective for the D₄ than the D₂ receptor. The purpose of this study was to locate the D₄ receptor in rat brain by autoradiographic comparison studies with [³H]YM-09151-2, a D₂ , D₃, and D₄ radioligand, to [³H]raclopride, a D …

Characterization And Expression Of Pseudomonas Fluorescens L-Arabinose Dehydrogenase: Genetic Elements In Pseudomonas Putida, Carol M. Wierenga

Masters Theses

An assay based on the spectrophotometeric properties of NAD/NADH was developed to detect the degradation of L-arabinose to L-arabinolactone. This assay was used to determine the expression of the L-arabinose utilization genes contained in Pseudomonas fluorescens and in the plasmid, designated pPZ221, contained in Pseudomonas putida. The results from this assay, in conjunction with various growth kinetics, indicate that pPZ221 is inducible and repressible for L-arabinose utilization. Thus, the P. fluorescens chromosomal insert in pPZ221 for L-arabinose utilization does appear to contain the regulatory genes necessary for controlling the expression of an L-arabinose operon.

The Relationship Among Isokinetic Knee Parameters And Three Functional Tests, Kristen Brinks, Ronda Delong, Tanya Stout

Masters Theses

The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation between knee strength and endurance, as tested by the Biodex{dollar}\sp\circler{dollar} isokinetic system, and the lateral step-up, cross-over hop for distance, and triple hop for distance. Subjects included 20 males and 30 females aged 21-40 years with no history of low back, hip, knee, or ankle injury that was treated by a physician. Bilateral knee flexion and extension strength, power, and endurance was measured at 60, 180 and 300 degrees/second with the hip extended and flexed 115{dollar}\sp\circ{dollar}. Isokinetic data were normalized to body weight and correlated to hop distance which was …

Normal Kinetic Patterns Of The Lower Extremities During Natural Walking In Children Aged Six To Ten, Thomas Ellexson, Christopher Nawrocki, Darrin Schober

Masters Theses

The purpose of this research was to initiate a normative pediatric three-dimensional lower extremity kinetic database specific to the Mary Free Bed Hospital/Grand Valley State University Center for Human Kinetic Studies. Twenty healthy children (eleven girls and nine boys) with a mean age of 7.9 years volunteered for this study. Lower extremity kinetic data were obtained using a computerized three-dimensional motion analysis system coupled with a force plate. Kinematic and kinetic data were pooled and mean/standard deviations at each one percent of the gait cycle were determined for the twenty normative children. Results of the pediatric kinetic data were similar …

The Effects Of Partial Unweighting On Hemiplegic Gait, Natasha A. Creaser, Michael W. Jones

Masters Theses

This study investigated the effects of 30% body weight support on gait in two individuals with hemiplegia secondary to stroke. Two subjects with right hemiplegia were tested. Each completed four trials, two full weight bearing and two unweighted 30%, in random order. Each trial consisted of walking six meters on a treadmill at the subjects' self-selected speed. Temporal distance data were collected via Stride Analyzer footswitches. Subjects were also videotaped from the side during all trials. We expected velocity, cadence, stride length, uninvolved limb swing time, and involved limb stance time to increase with unweighting. Subjects 1's results agreed only …

The Effect Of Family Participation On The Outcome Of Patients With Traumatic Brain Injury In Rehabilitation, Grant Middleton, Brett Ransom

Masters Theses

The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between physical therapists' perceptions and institutional policies relating to family participation in rehabilitation and rehabilitation outcome of patients with traumatic brain injury. Utilizing surveys, we collected information about institutional policy from institutions that were members of the Commission for Accreditation of Rehabilitation Facilities (CARF) in the Midwestern United States. Thirteen institutional surveys provided usable Functional Independence Measure (FIM) scores for patients rehabilitated in 1993, which were used as the outcome measure. The therapists' perceptions survey (n = 104) gathered data about the belief of physical therapists relating to family involvement …

Estrogen Induced Eosinophil Migration Into The August Rat Uterus Is Associated With Intercellular Adhesion Molecule Expression, Daniel R. Orcutt

Masters Theses

Estrogen causes an influx of eosinophils into the uterus in female rats. The diapedesis of eosinophils out of the vasculature has also been observed in allergic reactions, parasitic infections, and atopic dermatitis, and has been associated with cellular adhesion molecules (CAMs). Antibody blocking studies against ICAM-1/ LFA-1 and VCAM-1/VLA-4 have suggested that both ligand/receptor sets of CAMs are involved in the selective recruitment of eosinophils out of the vasculature. ICAM- 1 is expressed on the vascular endothelium and decreases in expression when IL-4 is introduced. VLA-4 is present on eosinophils and is suspected to allow selective migration of eosinophils out …

Expression Of Integrated And Methylated Hiv-Ltr In Human T-Cells And Monkey Kidney Cells By Frog Virus 3 Infection, Celene M. Spangler

Masters Theses

DNA methylation has been implicated in the suppression of transcription of a large spectrum of eukaryotic genes. Frog virus 3 (FV3) contains genomic DNA that is the most extensively methylated of all known animal viruses. However, FV3 gene expression is tightly regulated in a sequential fashion in infected cells. Therefore, FV3 must have evolved mechanism(s) to overcome the inhibitory effects of DNA methylation. FV3 has been shown to induce expression of methylated foreign genes in transient transfections. This study was designed to establish if this FV3 induced expression of methylated genes could be demonstrated in stable cell lines which contain …

The Effect Of Insulin Mimetics On Enzymes Of Fatty Acid Biosynthesis, Eric A. Berg

Masters Theses

Fatty acid biosynthesis, an insulin regulated pathway, is the process of producing fatty acid chains from 2 and 3 carbon units. Two enzymes in this pathway that insulin affects are glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) and fatty acid synthase (FAS). Sodium vanadate and sodium selenate have demonstrated insulin-like effects in several tissue and cell types. These mimetic effects include increasing glucose transport, regulating glycolytic enzymes, normalizing plasma glucose levels and activities of insulin regulated enzymes in diabetic rats. Our goal was to examine effects of sodium vanadate and sodium selenate on fatty acid biosynthesis in two insulin responsive systems: Isolated rat hepatocytes …

Sugar Maple Succession In A Central Illinois Forest, Baber Woods, Rodney W. Davis

Masters Theses

No abstract provided.

The Effect Of High Intensity Exercise Training Verses Low Intensity Exercise Training On Fractionated Plasma High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol, Teresa L. Spate

Masters Theses

Exercise training is thought to result in an elevation of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and the cardioprotective subfraction HDL{dollar}\sb2{dollar}. Twenty-five healthy women (39 {dollar}\pm{dollar} 7.8 yrs; 70 {dollar}\pm{dollar} 14 kg) walked two miles three times per week for 12 weeks to examine the effect of exercise intensity on the HDL profile. The L.I. group (N = 12) walked at 60% of the heart rate reserve (HRR) and the H.I. group (N = 13) walked at 80% HRR both maintaining the prescribed distance and frequency. A 22% increase in total HDL (from 32 {dollar}\pm{dollar} 6 to 39 {dollar}\pm{dollar} 8 mg/dl) and a …

Ecology Of The Spotted Turtle, Clemmys Guttata At The Western Range Limit, Thomas P. Wilson

Masters Theses

No abstract provided.

Complete Nucleotide Sequence Of Psti-L Fragment Of Tanapox Virus Genomic Dna, Sarah J. Neering

Masters Theses

Tanapox virus (TPV), of the genus Yatapoxvirus, is a human poxvirus that was originally isolated from the Tana River Valley in Kenya in 1962. TPV produces a mild disease characterized by a short febrile illness associated with one or more nodular skin lesions. Although there have been limited studies on TPV, other poxviruses such as vaccinia virus, have been extensively characterized and their genomic DNAs sequenced. In order to examine the molecular features of TPV, we have cloned approximately 17% of the genomic DNA. TPV DNA was digested with Pstl restriction endonuclease and cloned into pUC19. The Pst …

Effects Of Forest Fragmentation On Neotropical Migrant Landbirds In East-Central Illinois, Eric Thomas Linder

Masters Theses

No abstract provided.

Site-Directed Mutagenesis Of The Putative Processing Site Of Recombinant Human Immunodeficiency Virus Reverse Transcriptase, Susan M. Poppe

Masters Theses

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is the etiological agent of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). This retrovirus, encodes a RNA dependent DNA polymerase, reverse transcriptase (RT), which is essential to virus replication. Biochemical analysis indicated that RT is composed of 2 polypeptides of 66,000 and 51,000 daltons (p66 and p51) which combine to form a heterodimer. This heterodimer is thought to arise from the post-translational processing where p66 is made and either autocatalytic or proteolytic cleavage events result in a heterogeneous p66/p51. Site-directed mutagenesis was used at the proposed processing site to probe HIV-RT processing.

Three prokaryotic expression vectors …

Cloning And Sequencing Of The Eco Rii Monomer Fragment Of Satellite Dna From The Mouse Mus Musculus, Timothy Patrick Boyle

Masters Theses

Total mouse satellite DNA was isolated in cesium chloride gradients in the presence of the dye Hoechst 33258. This satellite fraction was digested with Bst Nl, an isoschizomer of the restriction enzyme Eco RII, and the 234 base pair monomer fragment was cloned into the plasmid vector pBS. Dideoxynucleotide sequencing of the cloned DNA yielded significant homology with the published consensus sequence of mouse satellite DNA (92%).

Receptor Localization And Distribution On Normal And Diabetic Cells By Electron Microscopy, Vance L. Kincaid

Masters Theses

The objective of this research was to evaluate receptor localization and distribution on normal and diabetic cells by electron microscopic analysis.

To achieve this objective, gold-adsorbed and ferritin-conjugated macromolecules were used to determine the location and concentration of specific receptor binding sites on the cells surfaces. To facilitate the use of these ultra-structural histocytochemical markers, normal and diabetic Chinese hamster and other nondiabetic cells were either grown in vitro on ultra thin plastic films or embedded in Lowicryl K4M and pre- or post-labelled with these marker molecules.

Analysis of the data obtained from electron micrographs of these labelled cells was …

Characteristics Of Binding Of Interleukin-1 To Yt.Nci Cells, Susan Catherine Speziale

Masters Theses

Interleukin-1 (IL-1) demonstrated a concentration dependent, specific binding to the human, large granular lymphocyte cell line, YT.NCI with a dissociation constant of 0.2 nM. There were approximately 500 IL-1 receptors/cell.

IL-1 binding to YT.NCI cells could be inhibited by unlabeled-IL-1 and the plant lectins, WGA and Con A. Lectin inhibition of IL-1 binding could be completely abrogated by exposing lectins to specific simple sugars prior to the addition of ligand.

Tunicamycin, an inhibitor of glycosylation, decreased IL-l binding to YT cells in a reversible, time- and concentration-dependent manner.

These observations suggest that glycosylation of cell surface proteins may be important …

Habitat Analysis And Foods Of Shrews In East Central Illinois, Lisa D. Blackburn

Masters Theses

No abstract provided.

Diet And Activity Patterns Of The Common Snapping Turtle, Chelydraserpentina, (Lineaus), At Chain O' Lakes State Park, Lake County, Illinois, Jennifer Budhabhatti

Masters Theses

No abstract provided.

Seasonal And Daily Activity In A Population Of Blanding's Turtle (Emydoidea Blandingi) In Northern Illinois, John W. Rowe

Masters Theses

No abstract provided.

The Ethnobotany Of The Pawpaw, Asimina Triloba (L.) Dunal, Brian Douglas Compton

Masters Theses

No abstract provided.

The Bluegill (Lepomis Macrochirus) Population Of Lake Charleston, Coles Co. Illinois, Dale Douglas Lyon

Masters Theses

No abstract provided.

Spotted Owls In Harvested Areas, Kathleen R. Nickell

Masters Theses

No abstract provided.

The Trend In Canopy Composition In A Young Mesic Forest, Zhenchang Li

Masters Theses

Brewer Woods, a young disturbed mesic sugar maple-beech (Acer saccharum-Fagus grandifolia) forest in Kalamazoo Co., Michigan, was investigated by point-quarter and transition matrix methods. The results indicate that this forest is dominated by sugar maple in both canopy and understory composition. Beech is the second most important species. Fourteen species were found as canopy trees or replacements. The hypothesis that a young forest is more diverse than comparable climax forests such as Warren Woods and Hueston Woods was supported. Its successional trend is that sugar maple will become more abundant at the expense of the other species. Beech is a …

An Evaluation And Comparison Of Various Diversity Indices As Illustrated By Portage Creek, Karl Josef Siebert

Masters Theses

The diversity index is an established method of measuring water quality. In this study various diversity indices are evaluated for their use in a rapid, accurate, and cost effective biological monitoring program. The study investigated five diversity indices: Approximate, Brillouin's, Shannon's, Simpson's and the Sequential Comparison Index. The diversity indices were tested for accuracy and sensitivity on actual on actual macroinvertebrate samples and simulated data.

The Simposon's Index was found to provide the most accuracy and sensitivity for the indices tested. The importance of considering the evenness element of diversity indices was also supported by the study.

Studies On The Phytoplankton Of Littoral Waters Of The Arabian Gulf As Impacted By Oil Spills, Hamdan S. Al-Ghamdi

Masters Theses

A study of the effect of oil pollution on two intertidal areas of the Saudi Arabian Gulf coast was undertaken. One area was severely impacted by oil; the other was relatively clean. The organisms studied also indicated the effects of pollution were diatoms and blue-green algae.

Members of the diatom genus Amphora were more numerous in the clean water area than in the polluted section, confirming their preference for relatively clean habitats. Members of the diatom genus Asterionella, a more resistant group, were much more abundant in the polluted area.

Blue-green algae which also tolerate pollution were also more abundant …

A Study Of Cladonia Cryptochlorophaea And Morphologically Similar Species In Illinois, Indiana, And Wisconsin, Scott S. Wilcer

Masters Theses

Collections of Cladonias with cup-shaped podetia were made in Illinois, Indiana, and Wisconsin in order to determine the distribution of an atranorin-containing variant of Cladonia cryptochlorophaea, which was discovered in 1982 in Coles County, Illinois by Cheryl Cunningham. A second objective was a distributional study of the Cladonias having cup-shaped podetia in the same three state area.

A total of 591 specimens were collected from the three states. The collection areas for Illinois were: Jackson Hollow in Pope County, Giant City State Park and Touch of Nature Interpretive Center in Jackson and Williamson Counties, Starved Rock State Park in …

The Effects Of Photoperiod On The Prolactin Cells Of Notropis Cornutus (Mitchell), Matthew Kevin Hettinger

Masters Theses

Three groups of the common shiner (Notropis cornutus, Mitchell) were adapted to three different photoperiods. These photoperiods were 16L:8D (summer), 12L:12D (controls), and 8L:16D (winter). The prolactin cells were studied histologically and morphologically with respect to staining characteristics, cell and nuclear morphology, nuclear size, and cellular density. The prolactin cells of those fish under the long photoperiod exhibited greater cellular activity than the controls as evidenced by an increase in nuclear size, cellular density, and by becoming more circular. The prolactin cells of those fish under the short photoperiod exhibited the same characteristics as those in the long photoperiod. The …

Histopathology In Rat Temporal Bones Resulting From Excess Dietary Fluoride In Conjunction With Suspected Water Born Toxins, Donna Lee Healy

Masters Theses

The occurrence of perinatal deaths, bony extoses, and deafness in dog kennels in certain areas of Michigan led The Upjohn Company and Western Michigan University to suspect fluoride toxicity and/or water born toxins. The present project was designed to examine the ability of excess fluoride ingestion and/or the ability of suspected water born toxins to induce histopathology in Sprague-Dawley rats. An otopathological assessment of the rat temporal bones showed no otopathology nor any changes in cochlear dimensions, however, a quantitative assessment of osteoclastic density showed a large increase in the numbers of osteoclasts of spongy bone in the high fluoride …