Biology Commons^™

Implementing A Sustainability Approach By Converting Plastic Bottle Waste From A Mischievous Substance To A Beneficial Material By Means Of Zero Residue Level Concept, Younus Mohammed Abed, Fatima Allawi, Shahad Mudhafar Ali, Salem Jawad Alhamd, Thekra Atta Ibrahim, Mohammed Nsaif Abbas

Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

Plastic waste represents a serious environmental and health hazard due to its non-biodegradability and toxic leachates. This study investigates the potential conversion of plastic waste into a sustainable raw material for producing a useful substance. This investigation focuses on repurposing PET beverage bottles—a major contributor to microplastic pollution—into high-value activated carbon (AC) for water treatment, aligning with circular economy principles. The chemical preparation method for AC using phosphoric acid as an activating agent was evaluated. Results demonstrated the successful conversion of 68% of plastic waste into AC under the following conditions: pyrolysis temperature of 700°C, pyrolysis time of 7 hours, …

Vitamin D3 Toxicity-Induced Hypercalcemia In Staphylococcal Arthritis: A Focus On Il-6, Ali Jabbar Abd Al-Hussain Alkawaz, Maryam Sabah Naser, Ali Jalil Obaid, Zakaria M. Al-Ghazaly

Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

Background: Vitamin D3  over-supplementation can induce toxicity through the development of hypercalcemia and may disturb immune modulation. This study examines the relationship between hypercalcemia  resulting from Vitamin D3 Overdose and serum Interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels in patients diagnosed with staphylococcal arthritis.

Methods: Forty male patients (mean age: 31 years; range: 17–45 years) were enrolled from Dec. 2024 to Feb. 2025. Twenty cases of staphylococcal arthritis were compared with twenty healthy male controls. Serum concentrations of Vitamin D3, calcium, IL-6, and other biochemical markers (urea, creatinine, ESR, WBC, and potassium) were analyzed. Staphylococcus aureus was isolated from synovial fluid and confirmed using …

Enhancement Of Phenolic, Flavonoid, And Biological Activi-Ties In Fermented Pea (Pisum Sativum) Extracts Via Frac-Tionation, Anastasia Fitria Devi, Euis Filailla, Setyani Budiari, Hani Mulyani, Nina Artanti

Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

In this study, peas were fermented for 24 h using either Rhizopus oligosporus or Aspergillus oryzae. The resulting fermented peas, along with unfermented peas, were extracted using either methanol or water. The methanol extracts showed greater improvements following fermentation compared to the water extracts, as shown by the IC₅₀ values, which progressed from >500 to ≤200 µg/mL, as determined via the 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) method. Consequently, further fractionations focused on the methanol extracts of the fermented peas. Six bands were resolved on thin-layer chromatography plates for each extract. Their positions demonstrated significant effects (p < 0.05) on bioactivity. The bottom band (i.e., Band 1) exhibited approximately 70% inhibition, as determined via the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method and 35% inhibition according to the ABTS method, while the other bands displayed lower to negligible inhibition. Band 5 displayed 85–97% cytotoxicity, while Band 1 did not show any cytotoxicity. The total phenolic content (TPC) of Band 1 and the total flavonoid content (TFC) of Band 6 increased 4.4- and 8.9-fold, respectively, compared to those of the unfractionated extracts. Furthermore, a correlation analysis revealed a strong correlation between TFC and the three observed bioactivities. The different cultures significantly (p < 0.05) affected the antioxidant activity of either the fermented pea extracts or the resulting bands, as determined via the DPPH method. These results indicated that fermentation enhanced the antioxidant activity of peas. Subsequent fractionations separated and concentrated compounds from the fermented peas, improving the bioactivities, TPC, and TFC of the resulting fractions.

Synthesis Of Gold Nanoparticles Using Hordeum Vulgare Leaf Extract And Their Antibacterial Activity, Mohamed M. Sehree, Shakir Ghazi Gergees, Pakhshan A. Hassan

Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

Plant extracts and gold nanoparticles are promising alternatives for combating antibiotic resistance in light of the increasing bacterial resistance. Leaf extract of barley was used to synthesize gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). Barley gold nanoparticles (BL-AuNPs) were produced by adjusting some reaction parameters. These BL-AuNPs were characterized through employing the UV-visible spectroscopy technique, the scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). BL-AuNPs were tested for antibacterial efficacy against two strains of Gram-negative bacteria, clinically isolated and considered as multidrug-resistant pathogens, Acinetobacter baumannii and Salmonella typhi. The antimicrobial efficiency of the compounds was evaluated …

The Impact Of Microplastics On Water Quality, Heavy Metals, And Health Risks In Bioflocbased Tilapia Farming Systems, Dian Rizky Afriani, Deswati Deswati, Rahmiana Zein, Putri Ramadhani

Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

Along with microplastics, pollution of heavy metals, including iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), and copper (Cu), in freshwater ecosystems poses a serious environmental threat that can adversely affect human health. This study investigates the use of biofloc technology to reduce microplastic and heavy metal contamination while improving water quality. By utilizing microbial aggregates that capture microplastic and heavy metal particles through flocculation and biosorption processes, four experimental treatments were applied, i.e.: A (without biofloc and microplastics); B (with biofloc, without microplastics); C (with biofloc and low-density polyethylene microplastics); and D (with biofloc and high-density polyethylene microplastics). The results indicate that fish …

Transformer Decoder-Enhanced Swin Unetr For Multi-Organ Semantic Segmentation On Openkbp: Improving Radiotherapy Planning Accuracy, Zainab Adnan Jwad, Israa Hadi Ali

Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

Accurate segmentation of organs-at-risk (OARs) in head and neck CT scans is crucial for radiotherapy planning. The CNN-based decoder limitation of Swin UNETR hinders its capacity to process meaningful information from multiple organ positions essential for accurate medical segmentation. The proposed Transformer Decoder-enhanced Swin UNETR model targets the OpenKBP dataset multi-organ segmentation through its dedicated design for this purpose. The model utilizes transformers along with cross-attention approaches in its decoder to improve segmentation mask outputs through analysis of extensive global information. The model gets additional feature representation power through the addition of squeeze-and-excitation (SE) blocks linked with spatial attention mechanisms …

Computational Approach: 3d-Qsar, Molecular Docking, Molecular Dynamics Simulation Investigations, Drug- Like-Ness, And Dft Score Evaluation Of A Potential Novel And Retrosynthesis Of Some Tr-H Derivatives As Streptococcus Pneumoniae Drug., Belaidi Mustapha, Tchouar Noureddine, Djelilate Mohammed, Saleh Bufarwa, Dalal K. Thbayh

Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

Streptococcus pneumoniae is the main source of hospital-acquired pneumonia and meningococcal pneumonia in children, adults, and the elderly, especially the immunocompromised. Recently, it has attracted the attention of many research studies around the world as a potential target for remediation. TR-H are considered SP antibacterial agents, as they can inhibit. To describe their mode of action and to identify new antibacterial drugs against Streptococcus pneumoniae exhibiting the TR-H scaffold, the present work included 3D-QSAR, in- silico pharmacokinetic evaluation and molecular simulation modelling of TR-H. Using an atom-based method for quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) study, a comprehensive 3D-QSAR model …

Computational Design Of Potent Sirna For Braf Oncogene Silencing For Enhancing Cancer Therapy, Muhammad Hermawan Widyananda, Ricadonna Raissa

Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

The discovery of oncogenic BRAF mutations has prompted the development of inhibitors, yet resistance remains widespread. A more effective strategy involves targeting BRAF mRNA with siRNA to overcome resistance to BRAF inhibitors. This study aims to design potent siRNA for BRAF oncogene silencing using a computational approach. The full coding sequence of BRAF was retrieved from the NCBI database and potential siRNAs were predicted using the Ui-Tei, Reynolds, and Amarzguioui rules. Identified siRNAs were further analyzed using various prediction systems and parameters, including their interaction with the hAgo2 protein. The results identified that seven siRNAs (siRNA 23, siRNA 24, siRNA …

Treatment Wastewater Of Oil Refinery By Fe2o3 Nps Produce By The Novel Alishewanella Jeotgali Strain Haq8., Hawraa Qays Al-Assdy, Wijdan Hussein Al-Tamimi, Asia Fadhile Almansoory

Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

Metal oxide nanoparticles like iron oxide (Fe₂O₃) exhibit strong reactivity and photolytic features in wastewater treatment and serve as an effective adsorbent for water purification due to its substantial surface area and affinity for different functionalized groups. Iron oxide nanoparticles) IONPs) are currently applied to treat oil-contaminated water. Fe₂O₃NPs were produced using an extracellular approach utilizing the Alishewanella jeotgali strain HAQ8. IONPs were characterized using UV-vis, FT-IR, XRD, AFM, SEM-EDX, and Zeta potential. λ max for the synthesized nanoparticles observed at (358) nm. The bands at 485 cm⁻¹ in the FT-IR spectrum confirmed the formation of …

Predicting Healthcare Service Quality Based On A Kalman-Optimized Bi-Lstm-Inspired Deep Learning Model, Mohammed K. Al-Khafaji, Eman S. Al-Shamery

Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

Health is one of the most important aspects of human well-being, and access to high-quality healthcare is essential for a good quality of life. Providing top-level health services at all times is crucial. However, the research in healthcare poses significant challenges due to the diversity and variations of medical practices across different hospitals. This paper aims to tackle the challenge of data missing and scattering during data collection. Then, the quality of services (QoS) offered by healthcare facilities will be analyzed and predicted from the patient's perspective. The model begins preprocessing data by data cleaning, handling missing values, and scattering …

Determination Of The Effects Of Biogenic Metal Nanoparticles Concentrations On Soil Properties, Vicia Faba Growth And The Toxicity On Black Aphid, Ayoub Sabir Karim, Halala Rahman Qadr, Sakar Abdulqadr Saeed, Nashmeel Saeed Khudhur

Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

The development of nanomaterials could support more extensive agricultural uses, including nano-pesticides. Current study was conducted to observe the effects of different concentrations (25, 50, 75, 100, 150 and 200 ppm) of biosynthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) and aluminum oxide nanoparticles (Al₂O₃ NPs) on soil, faba bean and toxicity on black aphid (Aphis fabae). The synthesized ZnO NPs from Musa paradisiaca L. characterized by ultraviolet (UV)-visible spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and Transmission electron microscopy. Al₂O₃ NPs was prepared by calcination of Iraqi kaolin via evaporation process. Highest pH …

Highly Regenerable Magnetic Sulfonated Chitosan Crosslinked With Glutaraldehyde Composite Beads (Iron Sand/Naso3-Chi-G) For Aqueous Mercury Removal, Fathurrahmi Fathurrahmi, Rahmi Rahmi, Lelifajri Lelifajri, Anggun Sixthia Wulan Ayu, Muhammad Iqhrammullah

Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

We developed a novel adsorbent from sulfonated, glutaraldehyde-crosslinked chitosan embedded with magnetic iron sand. The adsorbent was synthesized through a two-step process: (1) sulfonation with N(SO₃Na)₃ to introduce sulfonate groups, and (2) crosslinking with glutaraldehyde to enhance structural stability. The optimal formulation, containing 43.5% iron sand and crosslinked with 0.17 M glutaraldehyde, exhibited the highest Hg²⁺ adsorption capacity (30.74 mg/g) at pH 3. The adsorbents were characterized using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopic (FT-IR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. Adsorption equilibrium was achieved within 60 minutes, and isotherm modeling showed that the process followed the Freundlich model …

Energy-Aware Clustering Using Intelligent Scheme For Heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Networks, Enaam A. Al-Hussain, Ghaida A. Al-Suhail

Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

Heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) involve nodes with varying capabilities, such as different energy levels, sensing ranges, and computational abilities, which enable them to execute different tasks professionally. Clustering techniques play a crucial role in improving energy efficiency and reliability in WSNs. The evolution of cluster based WSNs from homogeneous into heterogeneous techniques allowed the deployment of smart devices capable of performing complex operations in in diverse environments. However, the heterogeneity of nodes necessitates more sophisticated and adaptive algorithms to fully exploit these capabilities. This paper proposes a new protocol, referred to as IT2F-HLEACH, which integrates Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Logic …

Comprehensive Review On The Application Of Bio-Immunoinformatics In The Development Of Highly Ef-Fective New Candidate Vaccines Against Tuberculosis, Ahyar Ahmad, Andriansjah Rukmana, Miski A. Khairinisa, Dian A. E. Pitaloka, Rosana Agus, Rusdina B. Ladju, Tarwadi Ahmad, Astutiati Nurhasanah, Carina C. D. Joe, Muhammad N. Massi, Harningsih Karim, Irda Handayani, Siti Roszilawati Binti Ramli

Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant public health challenge worldwide. Currently, Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) is the only vaccine available for TB prophylaxis. However, the efficacy of the BCG vaccine against adult pulmonary TB is considered inconsistent. This condition encourages researchers to look for more effective options, such as subunit vaccines. This condition requires the development of a more effective subunit vaccine to protect active TB in productive and adult ages. There is an urgent need for more effective vaccines, as the Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine currently available has inconsistent efficacy and is only partially effective in adults. Bio-immunoinformatics, an interdisciplinary field …

Evaluating The New Nd: Yag Laser Method In Phytosynthesizing Silver Nanoparticles And Assessing Their Medical Applications., Arshad Mahdi Hamad, Qanat Mahmood Atiya

Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized via an innovative green synthesis method using amygdalin (Am) as a reducing agent and the Nd: YAG laser as a catalyst. We studied the properties of the nanoparticles using X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), atomic force microscopy (AFM), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) techniques. All the results of the examination demonstrate excellent structural and optical properties. In addition, the molecular docking of the complex composed of amygdalin and AgNPs was tested on three proteins concerned with the virulence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and …

Characterization Of 1,8-Cineole (Eucalyptol) From Myrtle And Its Potential Antibacterial And Antioxidant Activities*, Humera Khan

Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

1,8-Cineole is a naturally occurring chemical molecule predominantly found in fragrant plants, particularly Myrtle. Its aroma is distinctive and has been the subject of numerous investigations due to its various biological actions. This study examines the characterization of 1,8-Cineole derived from Myrtle and investigates its antibacterial and antioxidant properties. This study seeks to compare 1,8-Cineole with antibiotics like Amoxicillin and Tetracycline, and moreover, to investigate its antioxidant capabilities against diverse bacterial strains (both Gram-positive and Gram-negative). 1,8-Cineole exhibits the most effective antibacterial properties, demonstrating an inhibition zone of 12.00 mm against Staphylococcus aureus and 10.00 mm against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. …

An Effective Secure Multi-Objective Task Scheduling Algorithm In Multi-Cloud Environment, V K S K Sai Vadapalli, Ramesh Babu Gurujukota, Phaneendra Varma Chintalapati, Satyanarayana Murty, G. Sai Chaitanya Kumar, Satish Kumar Kode

Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

In cloud environments, task scheduling is essential for improving performance. Nevertheless, the existence of several heterogeneous clouds makes scheduling extremely difficult, requiring increasingly advanced algorithms to manage these environments' diversity and dynamic nature. To solve this, numerous authors have created a variety of task schedulers utilizing heuristic and metaheuristic techniques. Nevertheless, it remains dynamic and challenging because task scheduling is an NP-hard issue. Furthermore, in many complicated situations, it is still problematic to guarantee security throughout the task’s execution. Therefore, this paper introduces a multi-objective security-aware task scheduler using the Crayfish Mud Ring Optimization Algorithm for a multi-cloud environment. This …

Computational Investigation Of The Unveils Nsd2 Inhibition Potential Of Berberis Vulgaris, Sambucus Nigra, And Morus Alba Through Virtual Screening, Molecular Docking, Md Simulation, And Dft Analyses, Supriyo Saha, Vanshita Gupta, Ahad Hossain, Prinsa Prinsa, Jannatul Ferdous, Kiran Bharat Lokhande, Vikash Jakhmola, Sarkar M. A. Kawsar

Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

Nuclear receptor binding set domain protein 2 (NSD2) plays a key role in chromatin regulation and is associated with different cancers and other developmental problems. Berries are rich in major secondary metabolites with anticancer properties. Here, we virtually screened 145 berry phytochemicals as putative NSD2 inhibitors via structure-based virtual screening, molecular docking, MD simulations, and DFT and ADMET analyses. Among them, α-carotene had the maximum docking score of -9.9 kcal/mol, followed by sulfuretin and β-amyrin. MD simulation analysis revealed that the dynamic behavior of the ligand‒NSD2 complexes was within the limit, indicating no significant changes in the structural integrity of …

Evaluation Of Green Tea Yoghurt Enriched With Lacticaseibacillus Paracasei E1 Microcapsules On Macrophage M1 Profile In High Fat-Fructose Diet Mice, Esha Ardiansyah, Nur Alfi Maghfirotus Sa’Adah, Rahmi Izati, Belinda Nabiila Al Faizah, Dawama Nur Fadlilah, Septhyanti Aprilia Kavitarna, Mochammad Fitri Atho’Illah, Siti Nur Arifah, Yoga Dwi Jatmiko, Muhaimin Rifa’I

Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

Obesity is caused by an energy imbalance that increases chronic low-grade inflammation, including macrophage cell infiltration. Adipose tissue macrophages are polarized into pro-inflammatory macrophage type 1 (M1), secrete large amounts of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and activate transcription factors. Yoghurt with probiotics is popular at all ages for its health benefits and must be protected by microencapsulation. Green tea (Camellia sinensis L.) fortification provides yoghurt nutrients while improving its functional qualities and bioactivity. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of microencapsulation of Lacticaseibacillus paracasei E1 in green tea yoghurt (GTY) on the profile of M1 macrophages in mice fed a …

Development And Characterization Of Sodium Alginate-Based Active Edible Films Functionalized With Olive Mill Wastewater Extract, Nassima Hadri, Mohamed Didi Ould El-Hadj, Zineb Mahcene, Fatih Bozkurt, Rusen Metin Yildirim, Youcef Rahmani, Aicha Tedjani, Muhammet Arici

Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

Phenolic compounds from olive mill wastewater (PCO) of Algerian origin were used to produce sodium alginate-based active films using the casting method. The effects of adding various concentrations of PCO (0%, 0.1%, and 0.2% w/v) were evaluated regarding the molecular, morphological, thermal, physicochemical, optical, barrier, biodegradability, antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties of the alginate films. The FTIR and SEM results elucidated the development of a coherent cross-linked structure attributed to hydrogen bonding interactions between PCO and alginate chains. Consequently, the films exhibited enhanced crystallinity and thermal stability, as revealed by DSC analysis. Moreover, PCO addition positively influenced several film properties, including …

Muramyl Peptide Blend Ameliorates Intestinal Inflammation And Barrier Integrity In Caco-2 Cells, Dmytro M. Masiuk, Victor S. Nedzvetsky, Giyasettin Baydas

Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

Intestinal barrier function depends on epithelial adhesion, which restricts permeability and microbial invasion from the internal environment. Impairment of barrier integrity and gut function is closely linked to pro-inflammatory changes. Inflammation is often the primary factor that provokes gut function disorders. The anti-inflammatory potential of postbiotics has been reported in recent years. Muramyl peptides (MPs) are small signaling molecules that stimulate intracellular pathogen receptors and can regulate cell responses. However, the molecular mechanisms of MPs' effects on intestinal cells remain unknown. The study of MPs treatment on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-challenged Caco-2 intestinal cells aimed to investigate the postbiotic effects on intestinal …

Optimization Of The Starch Chitosan-Based Flocculant Crosslinked By Ethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate On Removing Dypro 19 Textile Dye From Wastewater, Asep Nurohmat Majalis, Putri Ramadhani, Hendris Hendarsyah Kurniawan, Axel Dimaz Sanusi Pasaribu, Hafiizh Prasetia, Fitri Yuliani, Andreas Andreas, Hartati Hartati

Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

Dyes used in industry, especially textile dyes, are one of the water pollutants that receive much attention because they are potentially toxic, carcinogenic, mutagenic, and generally challenging to decompose naturally. Textile dyes from wastewater can be removed through coagulation-flocculation. However, conventional coagulation-flocculation based on Fe and Al salts and synthetic polymers often leaves residual pollution. In this research, the performance of the new biopolymer-based flocculant, namely starch-ethylene glycol dimetacrylate-chitosan (SEC), which can act as coagulants and flocculants in solid-liquid separation of textile dyes, has been optimized using response surface methodology (RSM) approach. The influences of several independent variables, such …

Breast Cancer Area Identification In Mammograms Using Expectation Maximization Gaussian Mixture Model, Rizki Khoirun Nisa, Dian Kurniasari, Favorisen R. Lumbanraja, Warsono Warsono

Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

Breast cancer accounts for 25% of all cancer diagnoses and 16% of cancer-related deaths among women globally, with high mortality rates due to late diagnosis. Early detection relies on imaging techniques such as mammography, histopathology, and breast ultrasound, with mammography being the gold standard due to its proven to detect breast cancer, thus it is effective for breast cancer treatment. However, mammogram images often produce noise and artefacts, complicating early-stage cancer detection and emphasizing the need for advanced image processing. Clustering algorithms such as K-means and Expectation Maximization - Gaussian Mixture Model (EM-GMM) have shown potential in image segmentation. This …

An Energy Resource Management For Cluster Based Iohv Supported By Fog Computing, Ahmed Jawad Kadhim

Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

Internet of Hybrid Vehicle Networks (IoHV) is a network generated by merging the Internet with a Hybrid Vehicular Ad-Hoc Network (H-VANET). In IoHV, various types of electric and fuel vehicles create tasks. However, executing several tasks by electric vehicles affects their lifetime because they suffer from energy limitation issues which is one of the IoHV challenges. On the other hand, fuel vehicles and fog nodes have unlimited energy and can be used to execute most tasks of electric vehicles quickly. In this paper, we produce a new Energy Resource management Technique for IoHV called ERTH that aims to offload the …

Exfoliated Hydrotalcite-Transition Metal Complex Composite For Eco-Friendly And Efficient Catalytic Degradation Of 4-Nitrophenol, Sidra Khan, Najma Memon, Saima Q. Memon, Yilmaz Yurekli

Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

Nitrophenols are notorious aquatic organic contaminants found as degradation products of various parent compounds, including pesticides and industrial chemicals that persist in the environment and must be removed. Catalytic degradation is one of the feasible routes to clean the contaminated water systems, however, environmental contamination with catalysts is also widespread. Herein, we report an environmentally friendly catalyst based on composited Fe-Schiff’s base with exfoliated layered double hydroxides (LDH) of aluminum and nickel (hydrotalcite). The composite showed agglomerated pleated LDH structures sheathed with Fe(III)SB. Nitrogen adsorption isotherm data exhibited improved surface area and narrow pores patterns for composite as compared to …

Study On The Seasonal Endobacterial Profile Of Avicennia Officinalis, Focusing On Core Bacterial Consortia Within Mangrove Pneumatophores, Devi R R, Vinod Prabhakar

Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

Microhabitats are smaller pockets of ecosystems with unique conditions and they serve as major contributors of species richness. Mangrove plants offer a diverse array of such microhabitats (rhizosphere, phyllosphere, endosphereetc), and the inhabitant bacteria benefit the host by providing better salinity tolerance, faster and better nutrient mobilization, protection from phytopathogens and assistance in seed germination. Identification of such beneficial bacteria,their growth requirementsandmetabolism, willhave direct application in the field of agriculture and ecosystem restoration. Hence in this study, effort has been made to elucidate the seasonal numerical and compositional profile of pneumatophore bacterial consortia of Avicennia officinalis, from the mangrove …

Comparison Of Efficient Deep Learning Architectures For Lactobacillus Species Identification, Dea Aisyah Rusmawati, Ishak Ariawan, Afrinal Firmanda

Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

Identifying microorganism species, such as Lactobacillus, is essential in ensuring the food products' quality and safety. Traditional laboratory practice requires expert knowledge and experience, but the method is expensive and time-consuming due to complex sample preparation. Faster, more accurate, and cheaper computational methods, such as transfer learning technology, are needed for the Lactobacillus species classification. The technique has been effective in a variety of image recognition contexts. Deep learning architecture can also be applied as an innovative strategy for digital image-based identification. Therefore, this research aims to compare several deep-learning architectures in classifying bacterial strains of Lactobacillus. The four architectures …

Classification Manner Utilizing Electroencephalography Signals To Investigate Waveforms, Wessam Al-Salman, Ali Basim Al-Khafaji, Mishall Al-Zubaidie

Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

Waveform detection has been an area of continuous investigation for many years. One important waveform in sleep stage 2 is the k-complex. Numerous researchers have created various strategies for auto-k-complex detection; some of these strategies state that the automated detection techniques are adequate. Because of its analytically relevant resolution, the Electroencephalogram (EEG) is a commonly utilized technique to analyze the k-complexes in order to understand the nervous system activity of the brain. Several researchers have classified waveforms using EEGs in a variety of ways. It appears that the majority of the waveform detection had limitations. The …

Bacterial Cellulose Production From Fermented Fruits And Vegetables Byproducts: A Comprehensive Study On Chemical And Morphological Properties, Yati Maryati, Hakiki Melanie, Windri Handayani, Yasman Yasman

Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

This study aimed to produce α-cellulose from Bacterial Cellulose SCOBY (BCS) using alternative substrates from fermented fruit and vegetable byproducts: katuk leaves (KT), kale leaves (KL), guava (JB), dragon fruit (NG), and banana (PS). BCS production involved juice extraction, SCOBY inoculation, and sucrose addition, followed by 21 days of fermentation. Initially, the NG medium had the highest concentration of Total Reducing Sugars (TRS), but all media showed a decline as sugars were consumed. Fermentation reduced pH and increased total polyphenols, with KL and JB showing the highest rise (0.13-0.15 mg GAE/mL). Flavonoid levels varied, decreasing in KL and PS but …

Metabolite Profiling Of Potential Fraction From Ethyl Acetate Extract Of Ziziphus Mauritiana Leaves By Lc-Ms/Ms Analysis, Nurhayati Bialangi, Weny Ja Musa, Boima Situmeang

Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

In Indonesia, the treatment with leaves as a traditional medicine is still firmly integrated into the community to overcome various health problems experienced, one of which is the treatment with Bidara leaves (Ziziphus mauritiana). Ziziphus mauritiana belongs to family of Rhamnaceae, and it is generally considered a potential source of antioxidant and cholesterol lowering. This study aimed to examine phytochemical characterization, antioxidant potential, and cholesterol-lowering effects of ethyl acetate fraction derived from Ziziphus mauritiana. Extraction was accomplished using ethyl acetate, and the resultant extract was fractionated through chromatography with a blend of n-hexane and ethyl acetate as …