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Articles 1 - 30 of 44
Full-Text Articles in Biology
Translation Of: Trembley À Réaumur, Abraham Trembley, Morgan Mclaughlin
Translation Of: Trembley À Réaumur, Abraham Trembley, Morgan Mclaughlin
Biology: Student Scholarship & Creative Works
While examining a jar filled with aquatic plants and animals, Abraham Trembley, a young tutor working for Count William Bentinck in the Netherlands, noticed tiny, green, tube-shaped organisms attached to aquatic plants. Uncertain whether they were plants or animals, he devised a brilliant series of experiments to understand their biology. He observed them contract when disturbed and take steps towards a light, gathering in front of a chevron-shaped opening in a piece of cardboard. Nearly convinced they were animals, he cut one in half expecting to see it die. Instead, it regenerated two perfectly formed bodies from the severed halves. …
Drivers Of Macroinvertebrate Community Integrity Within Mixed Urban And Agricultural Dominated Mississippi Tributary Watersheds, Matthew R. Straus, Bethany Mabel Lian Schorr, Kevin Geedey, Michael Reisner, Benjamin Ford
Drivers Of Macroinvertebrate Community Integrity Within Mixed Urban And Agricultural Dominated Mississippi Tributary Watersheds, Matthew R. Straus, Bethany Mabel Lian Schorr, Kevin Geedey, Michael Reisner, Benjamin Ford
Biology: Student Scholarship & Creative Works
The “urban stream syndrome” refers to a multitude of impacts caused by urbanization including flashier hydrograph, elevated concentrations of nutrients and contaminants, altered channel morphology and stability, reduced biotic richness, with increased dominance of tolerant species, reduced base flow and increased suspended solids. The drivers of these “symptoms” include impervious surfaces, piping in stormwater drainages, habitat and forest loss, water supply and sewer leaking, and direct alterations to channel morphology and flow. The goal of this study was to assess the integrity of the macroinvertebrate community and determine the most significant drivers of such integrity at the catchment, riparian zone, …
Non-Native Coccinellid Beetles And Land Use Abundance Patterns In The Quad Cities Region, Jack Hughes, Tierney Brosius, Michael Reisner
Non-Native Coccinellid Beetles And Land Use Abundance Patterns In The Quad Cities Region, Jack Hughes, Tierney Brosius, Michael Reisner
Biology: Student Scholarship & Creative Works
Harmonia axyridis was introduced in 1916. This species of coccinellid beetle is considered a desirable species for agriculture practices because of its ability to control pests. There is increasing evidence that H. axyridis may be outcompeting native species which could be contributing to the decline of some species that are disappearing from the landscape. Harmonia axyridis has a large migration range of 2 Km enabling the species to affect a large area of land. Invasive species often increase in abundance in urban landscapes which may be the case with H. axyridis. During the summer of 2021 we investigated H. axyridis …
Effect Of Historic Milldam Density On Current Water Quality Indicators In A Portion Of The Chesapeake Bay Watershed, Katie Hollen
Effect Of Historic Milldam Density On Current Water Quality Indicators In A Portion Of The Chesapeake Bay Watershed, Katie Hollen
Biology: Student Scholarship & Creative Works
Suspended sediment, nitrogen, and phosphorus are a significant source of pollution in the Chesapeake Bay, and levels of these pollutants in the watershed’s streams and rivers are concerning. Traditional approaches to reducing sediment and nutrient loads have focused primarily on upland soil erosion, but often fail to include in-stream processes like bank erosion. It has recently been shown that in the North American Piedmont geographical region, historic sediment that accumulated behind milldams in the 18th and 19th centuries, referred to as legacy sediment, is an underestimated source of sediments in the Chesapeake Bay. Breached dams result in altered stream structures …
Characterizing Ferroptosis In The Model Invertebrate Hydra Vulgaris, Darci Ott
Characterizing Ferroptosis In The Model Invertebrate Hydra Vulgaris, Darci Ott
Biology: Student Scholarship & Creative Works
Ferroptosis is a form of regulated cell death distinct from apoptosis. It occurs in diverse animals and in plants, but has not been documented in Hydra vulgaris, a cnidarian species used for studies of stem cell biology and regeneration. Treatment with the ferroptosis-inducing chemicals diethyl maleate and Erastin caused cell death, suggesting that ferroptosis can be induced in H. vulgaris. The phenotypes are unlike those of apoptosis in H. vulgaris, and each inducer resulted in a different phenotypic response. Combining the ferroptosis inducers with ferroptosis inhibitors (Liproxstatin-1, Ferrostatin-1, and Β-mercaptoethanol) was expected to decrease cell death, however …
Invasive Crayfish Faxonius Rusticus Do Not Prefer Pheromones Of Conspecifics, Michelle Yohe
Invasive Crayfish Faxonius Rusticus Do Not Prefer Pheromones Of Conspecifics, Michelle Yohe
Biology: Student Scholarship & Creative Works
The invasive crayfish Faxonius rusticus has invaded multiple watersheds throughout Pennsylvania and the country. Current trapping methods are time consuming, labor intensive, and ineffective. Because crustaceans produce and utilize pheromones to communicate social status and mating condition, baited pheromone traps might serve as an effective alternative to the current trapping methods. The aim of this study was to examine if F. rusticus can distinguish between pheromones produced by conspecifics during breeding and non-breeding seasons. Previous research in our lab showed that during the breeding season females prefer male pheromones, but that preference disappears during the non-breeding season. We collected pheromones …
Increased Expression Of Sam68 In Sv40 Transformed Human Diploid Fibroblast Cells And The Effect On Downstream Splicing Targets, Kailey Caroland
Increased Expression Of Sam68 In Sv40 Transformed Human Diploid Fibroblast Cells And The Effect On Downstream Splicing Targets, Kailey Caroland
Biology: Student Scholarship & Creative Works
Alternative splicing has emerged as a major player in cancer initiation and progression. The altered splicing factor profiles and the effect on their subsequent targets have been reported in several cancers. Comparing tumor samples and tumor cell lines to build protein profiles of specific isoforms has elucidated common alterations that may indicate the important drivers of tumorigenesis. However, when using primary tumors and tumor cell lines there is often not a matched control to directly compare the results. But by employing the simian virus 40 (SV40) DNA tumor virus model, studies can be designed to investigate the isoform profiles before …
Habitat Suitability Index For Crassostrea Virginica Within The Chesapeake Bay Using Gis, Rileigh Hudock
Habitat Suitability Index For Crassostrea Virginica Within The Chesapeake Bay Using Gis, Rileigh Hudock
Biology: Student Scholarship & Creative Works
The eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica) resides within the Chesapeake Bay and their oyster reefs act as a habitat for many other species in the Bay. Within the Chesapeake Bay, the eastern oyster has optimal conditions that are best suited for its growth and survival, however that may be negatively affected by current changes to the Bay such as water pollution from fertilizer and animal waste, sea level rise, and ocean acidification. Therefore, it is important to find the locations within the Chesapeake Bay where optimal conditions for the eastern oyster are met because they are a critical species to the …
The Effect Of Poly(I:C) And Ifn-Α On The Immune System As Observed Through Il-12 Production By Dendritic Cells, Sarah Kleb
Biology: Student Scholarship & Creative Works
Activation of dendritic cells (DCs) through toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists causes release of cytokines. DC2.4 cells are immature murine DCs derived from the bone marrow that express TLRs, including TLR3. The response of DC2.4 cells to varying doses and times of the TLR3 agonist, poly(I:C), was evaluated. In contrast to previously studied MuTu DCs, DC2.4 cells produced little to no interleukin-12 (IL-12) after 12-hour exposure to doses from 0.1-100 µg/mL poly(I:C). This was surprising because literature suggests that the expression of TLR3 dramatically increases when DCs are maturing, which should occur upon poly(I:C) exposure. Once fully mature, DCs receive inflammatory …
Light Pollution Levels On Beaches: How Window Tinting Effects Disorientation Of Sea Turtles On Hilton Head Island, Kathryn (Kate) Hettiger
Light Pollution Levels On Beaches: How Window Tinting Effects Disorientation Of Sea Turtles On Hilton Head Island, Kathryn (Kate) Hettiger
Biology: Student Scholarship & Creative Works
Loggerhead sea turtles, an endangered species, are decreasing at alarming rates worldwide. Artificial light from beachfront hotels on Hilton Head Island are causing disorientation in Loggerhead sea turtle hatchlings affecting their ability to successfully find the ocean. To mitigate this, exterior windows facing the ocean will be tinted using either tinting spray, which will be implemented at the Marriott Grande Ocean, or using tinting film, which will be implemented at the Marriott Westin. During the typical nesting and hatching season (May-October), sea turtle hatchling tracks will be recorded using drones to compare the effects of various levels of light pollution …
Microbiome Integrity Of Unprocessed Canis Familiaris Stool Samples Prior To Storage For Fecal Microbiota Transplants, Biyar Ahmed
Microbiome Integrity Of Unprocessed Canis Familiaris Stool Samples Prior To Storage For Fecal Microbiota Transplants, Biyar Ahmed
Biology: Student Scholarship & Creative Works
Fecal microbiota transplants (FMT) are used for patients with dysbiosis of their gut microbiome or with endogenous pathogens. While FMTs are promising, it has become apparent that the gut microbiome varies between individuals and in the same individuals with diet and age. Therefore, it is difficult to establish a microbiome baseline and assess the compatibility of donor stool since the gut microbiome contains numerous bacteria that facilitate metabolic processes as well as prevent the growth of exogenous pathogens. A recent approach to address this issue is the storage of an individual’s stool samples for later. This storage would prove useful …
Effects On Bacterial Composition From Long-Term Storage Of Fecal Matter For Fecal Matter Transplant, Sabir Mali, Debra Wohl Ph.D.
Effects On Bacterial Composition From Long-Term Storage Of Fecal Matter For Fecal Matter Transplant, Sabir Mali, Debra Wohl Ph.D.
Biology: Student Scholarship & Creative Works
Fecal Matter Transplantation (FMT) is an innovative treatment that has in clinical trials, resolved 80-90% of infections caused by the recurrent Clostridium difficile bacterium which does not respond to antibiotics. During FMT, a fecal preparation from a healthy stool donor is transplanted into the colon of the patient. Stool banks, such as OpenBiome, store donor stool samples at their biorepository facilities, for a maximum of two years. However, there lack studies examining the bacterial composition, for such long-term storage, for fecal matter. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the effects of long-term storage on the composition of microbes using fecal …
The Effect Of Poly(I:C) On The Immune System As Observed Through Il-12 Production In Dendritic Cells, Jessica E. Rubelmann
The Effect Of Poly(I:C) On The Immune System As Observed Through Il-12 Production In Dendritic Cells, Jessica E. Rubelmann
Biology: Student Scholarship & Creative Works
Activation of dendritic cells (DCs) through chemical treatment causes release of cytokines. Original studies demonstrated that MuTu DCs, derived from the spleen of mice, responded to stimulation of Toll-like receptor 3 [TLR3] with poly(I:C) by producing IL-12. Challenges in culture of MuTu DCs led to the transition to culture and use of the DC2.4 cell line. DC2.4 cells are also murine dendritic cells but derived from the bone marrow. DC2.4 also express TLR3. To compare the response of DC2.4 cells to MuTu DCs, studies using varying doses and times of poly(I:C) exposure were conducted. In contrast to MuTu DCs, DC2.4 …
Comparing Black Bear Immobilization Performance Of Ketamine-Xylazine And Ketamine-Xylazine-Telazol®, Nadia Igatpuriwala, Bernardo Mesa-Cruz
Comparing Black Bear Immobilization Performance Of Ketamine-Xylazine And Ketamine-Xylazine-Telazol®, Nadia Igatpuriwala, Bernardo Mesa-Cruz
Biology: Student Scholarship & Creative Works
Optimal wildlife anesthetic protocols should induce rapid immobilization, allow for rapid recovery, and provide a wide margin of safety. The ketamine and xylazine (KX) anesthetic protocol is commonly used in chemical immobilizations of Ursus americanus (American black bear); however, some biologists report unreliability due to inconsistent recovery times and side effects such as convulsions, sudden arousals, and hyperthermia. In recent years, some biologists have employed the ketamine, xylazine and Telazol® (TKX) anesthetic protocol, which requires relatively lower dose of ketamine and telazol when administered together. Black bears drastically decrease their vital and metabolic rates during hibernation as compared to the …
Female Invasive Crayfish Faxonius Rusticus Prefer Pheromones Of Conspecific Males During The Breeding Season, Elizabeth Luscavage
Female Invasive Crayfish Faxonius Rusticus Prefer Pheromones Of Conspecific Males During The Breeding Season, Elizabeth Luscavage
Biology: Student Scholarship & Creative Works
The invasive crayfish Faxonius rusticus has invaded most watersheds in Pennsylvania, spreading throughout the Northeastern United States. Existing methods to regulate F. rusticus populations have been ineffective. Because crayfish communicate chemically through pheromones, understanding what information these pheromones carry can help improve trapping methods. The aim of this study was to determine how F. rusticus respond to chemical signals produced by same and opposite sex conspecifics during breeding and non-breeding seasons. Previous studies in our lab have shown that when presented with a choice of either a pheromone or a water control, during both breeding and nonbreeding season, female F. …
Effects Of The Herbicide Atrazine On Members Of The Freshwater Genus Hydra, James Dal Santo
Effects Of The Herbicide Atrazine On Members Of The Freshwater Genus Hydra, James Dal Santo
Biology: Student Scholarship & Creative Works
Atrazine is a commercially available herbicide with known effects on the hormone levels in frogs and several other organisms. This effect has not been significantly studied in invertebrates, even though observing invertebrate levels represent a very common assay the health of a freshwater ecosystem. To study the effects of atrazine in invertebrates, hydra were subjected to environmental (10 μg/L) and high (400 μg/L) concentrations of atrazine and observed for changes in fertility and reproduction over a period of four weeks. No significant changes in fertility or reproduction were found at high concentrations, and environmental concentration testing is currently in progress, …
Chemotherapeutic Sensitivity And The Expression Of Bin1 In Human Diploid Fibroblasts Expressing Sv40 T-Antigen, Carli Monostra
Chemotherapeutic Sensitivity And The Expression Of Bin1 In Human Diploid Fibroblasts Expressing Sv40 T-Antigen, Carli Monostra
Biology: Student Scholarship & Creative Works
Cisplatin is the chemotherapeutic of choice to treat several cancers, notably cervical and esophageal, which are commonly induced by the tumor virus HPV. Cisplatin’s mechanism of action is to create intra-strand and inter-strand linkages between DNA; however some tumors have been shown to have developed resistance. It has been postulated that resistance to cisplatin can be linked to BIN1 expression levels or the isoforms created as the result of splicing by SRSF1. BIN1 (bridging integrator-1) is involved in many functions of the cell, but most importantly it regulates the cell cycle and apoptosis through its tumor suppressor characteristics. To help …
Characterizing The Polyic-Induced Activation And Apoptosis Of Mutudcs By Determining The Influence Of Bim Isoforms And Corticosterone, Sara A. Luckenbill
Characterizing The Polyic-Induced Activation And Apoptosis Of Mutudcs By Determining The Influence Of Bim Isoforms And Corticosterone, Sara A. Luckenbill
Biology: Student Scholarship & Creative Works
Dendritic cells (DCs) are a critical subset of immune cells responsible for connecting the innate and adaptive immune response. Dendritic cells are activated by exposure to Pathogen Associated Molecular Patterns (PAMPs). Polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (PolyIC) is synthetic double-stranded RNA that functions as a PAMP. Corticosterone (CORT), a stress hormone, is generally immunosuppressive. The response of murine DCs (MuTuDC) to PolyIC and CORT exposure is being investigated. ELISA demonstrated that PolyIC exposure increased IL-12 production, an indicator of DC activation. Increased cell death was also observed following PolyIC exposure, but pre-treatment with CORT decreased cell death. The literature suggests that DC death …
Serum Progesterone And Reproductive Ultrasounds Provide Further Insight On Ursus Americanus (American Black Bear) Pregnancy Timelines, Biyar Ahmed
Biology: Student Scholarship & Creative Works
American black bears (ABBs), Ursus americanus, are the product of exceptional gestational adaptations. After mating in the summer, fertilized ABB embryos experience obligate delayed implantation for over 100 days. Thereafter, in the late fall, embryos resume their developmental activity to complete an active gestational with parturition during hibernation. However, exact timing of implantation and embryo reactivation are unknown in ABBs. Our objective is to determine embryonic implantation time in ABBs through transabdominal ultrasound analysis and changes in serum progesterone concentrations. This study included transabdominal ultrasound images and serum progesterone from 17 pregnant ABBs. We collected samples in 10-day intervals from …
Investigation Of Bin1 Isoforms In Cells Expressing A Viral Oncoprotein, Kristen Derosa
Investigation Of Bin1 Isoforms In Cells Expressing A Viral Oncoprotein, Kristen Derosa
Biology: Student Scholarship & Creative Works
No abstract provided.
Smoking Cessation Treatments Varenicline (Chantix®️), Nrts, And Nicotine Dependence, Marley Vea Devoss
Smoking Cessation Treatments Varenicline (Chantix®️), Nrts, And Nicotine Dependence, Marley Vea Devoss
Biology: Student Scholarship & Creative Works
Varenicline was approved in 2006 by the FDA as an effective smoking cessation drug. Varenicline was designed to bind with α4β2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) to work as both an agonist and antagonist. Other drugs like nicotine replacement therapies (NRTs) have also contributed to the decreasing rate of active smokers in the United States. The mechanisms of varenicline and its role in addiction are reviewed in this paper. With NRTs and recent trends in electronic smoking devices, nicotine dependence is still a cause for concern due to studies connecting nicotine with cell proliferation and heart disease.
Stem Cell Generated Β-Cells: A Possible Solution To The Growing Problem Of Type 1 Diabetes, Danielle Rae Steffen
Stem Cell Generated Β-Cells: A Possible Solution To The Growing Problem Of Type 1 Diabetes, Danielle Rae Steffen
Biology: Student Scholarship & Creative Works
Type 1 diabetes is a growing problem throughout the world. At this time, there is no functional cure, only various treatment options. However, in recent years there has been a significant increase in both the quantity and quality of research into potential cures for type 1 diabetes. This has led to a variety of new possibilities, the most promising of which are β-cells generated from the patient’s own stem cells.
An Issue Worth Tackling: Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy In The National Football League, Lauren K. Hogan
An Issue Worth Tackling: Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy In The National Football League, Lauren K. Hogan
Biology: Student Scholarship & Creative Works
America has become a sports empire over the past century. As the movie Concussion put it, the National Football League has single-handedly taken over the day that used to belong to the church–but this comes at a price. Chronic traumatic encephalopathy, or CTE, is a life-altering disease associated with high impact and contact sports that has created a heated debate in our sports-driven society. A study published in 2017 discovered CTE in 177 of 202 former football players–or a staggering 87%. Why do the players continue to play in the NFL if their longevity and well-being are jeopardized? Why has …
The Wilbarger Protocol, Brittany Hatlestad
The Wilbarger Protocol, Brittany Hatlestad
Biology: Student Scholarship & Creative Works
Sensory processing disorder (SPD) is ever-increasing in children with and without disabilities. The prevalence of such a diagnosis has given rise to many different therapeutic practices. The most prescriptive, the Wilbarger protocol, will be the topic of this technique and literature review with discussions of what sensory problems are, the Wilbarger protocol, the deep pressure and proprioceptive portion of the protocol, oral tactile techniques, mechanisms of the protocol, the limitations, other options for treatment, and will conclude by looking to future research.
Eye Tissue Regeneration: Seam As A Cure For Prevalent Eye Disease, Molly Bute
Eye Tissue Regeneration: Seam As A Cure For Prevalent Eye Disease, Molly Bute
Biology: Student Scholarship & Creative Works
SEAM (Self-formed ectodermal autonomous multizone) is a form of eye tissue regeneration discovered by Japanese scientists in 2016. This tissue regeneration encompasses tissues from all areas of the human eye. The SEAM forms tissues using stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells were used in the first study, and produces four concentric zones. The SEAM that has been created was shown to cure corneal blindness in animal models, and has the potential to cure a multitude of human eye diseases in the future.
The New Hero Of Upper Limb Prosthetics, Erin Miskell
The New Hero Of Upper Limb Prosthetics, Erin Miskell
Biology: Student Scholarship & Creative Works
This paper looks at the history and future of upper extremity prosthesis. The goal of this paper was to compare three different up and coming technological advances in the field of prosthesis that may help the devices to become more life-like for their users. Of the three different approaches looked at, the Open Bionics Hero Arm is praised as being the best option.
Animal Agriculture And American Health: The Search For Sustainable Protein, Britta Brinkmann
Animal Agriculture And American Health: The Search For Sustainable Protein, Britta Brinkmann
Biology: Student Scholarship & Creative Works
This study examines the impact large-scale animal agriculture has on the environment. It links the environment and health. The goal is to find protein sources that are sustainable and nutritious in order to replace typical meat and dairy products. A study is proposed to measure the impact of the typical American diet, a vegan diet, an insect-supplemented diet and a diet heavy in seafood.
Do We Own Our Bodies: The Legality Of Body Ownership, Nicole Marie Kasman
Do We Own Our Bodies: The Legality Of Body Ownership, Nicole Marie Kasman
Biology: Student Scholarship & Creative Works
In common times, property ownership has become a hard pressed issue as people try and claim what is rightfully theirs. As medical practices have expanded, the problem of ownership has also extended to the human body and thus questions of ownership arise. It is a common belief that each individual owns their own body but this will be shown to be untrue throughout this paper. Not only that but this paper will also show potential benefits of following through with the body belonging to the common biomass rather than each individual. Court cases such as Moore vs Reagents of the …
Evaluating Temporal Changes In Landscape Heterogeneity As An Influence On Freshwater Turtle Habitat In Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, Elizabeth Dibiase
Evaluating Temporal Changes In Landscape Heterogeneity As An Influence On Freshwater Turtle Habitat In Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, Elizabeth Dibiase
Biology: Student Scholarship & Creative Works
Human activity causes landscape changes, which in turn can influence habitat fragmentation and a loss of habitat connectivity. The purpose of this project was to evaluate temporal changes in landscape heterogeneity on potential habitat availability and accessibility for the painted turtle, Chrysemys picta. We hypothesized that the number of freshwater ponds has increased and that the landscape between freshwater ponds has become more heterogeneous from the 1960s to 2016 in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania. We obtained historical wetlands and land use data from the 1950s to 1970s as well as wetlands and land use data from 2011 to 2016 to …
Ethics And Euthanasia, Nicole Marie Kasman
Ethics And Euthanasia, Nicole Marie Kasman
Biology: Student Scholarship & Creative Works
Illness is never easy to deal with and death is even harder whether it be for the patient, the patient's family, or the physician. Add into that, cases of sever and/or long-term suffering and people can begin wondering what there is to live for. Our animal companions have been able to escape pain via euthanasia for some time now but that same option is not generally available for their human counterparts. A suggested option for our terminally in is physician-assisted suicide. This has been met with a large amount of opposition, partly due to fear of promoting suicide, partly due …