Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
- Discipline
-
- Medicine and Health Sciences (162)
- Systems Biology (158)
- Medical Sciences (123)
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology (99)
- Physical Sciences and Mathematics (81)
-
- Animal Sciences (80)
- Immunology and Infectious Disease (56)
- Entomology (49)
- Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology (46)
- Biodiversity (42)
- Marine Biology (40)
- Parasitology (40)
- Genetics and Genomics (32)
- Environmental Sciences (30)
- Zoology (29)
- Plant Sciences (28)
- Aquaculture and Fisheries (23)
- Climate (22)
- Diseases (20)
- Natural Resources and Conservation (17)
- Botany (16)
- Genetics (15)
- Microbiology (15)
- Education (14)
- Physiology (13)
- Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Structural Biology (11)
- Forest Sciences (10)
- Oceanography (10)
- Institution
- Keyword
-
- Climate change (22)
- Ticks (20)
- Animals (14)
- Virginia (12)
- Biodiversity (11)
-
- Evolution (11)
- Ixodes scapularis (11)
- Algae (10)
- Conservation (9)
- Borrelia burgdorferi (8)
- Cyanobacteria (8)
- Dermacentor variabilis (8)
- Herbivory (8)
- Phytoplankton (8)
- Small mammals (8)
- Acorn woodpecker (7)
- Bacteria (7)
- Coral bleaching (7)
- Coral reefs (7)
- Corals (7)
- Gene expression (7)
- Biological Sciences (6)
- Biomass (6)
- Competition (6)
- Cooperative breeding (6)
- Dispersal (6)
- Ecology (6)
- Fitness (6)
- Index Medicus (6)
- Lyme disease (6)
- Publication Year
- File Type
Articles 151 - 180 of 1156
Full-Text Articles in Biology
Consensus Guidelines For Advancing Coral Holobiont Genome And Specimen Voucher Deposition, Christian R. Voolstra, Kate M. Quigley, Sarah W. Davies, John Everett Parkinson, Raquel S. Peixoto, Manuel Aranda, Andrew C. Baker, Adam R. Barno, Daniel J. Barshis, Francesca Benzoni, Victor Bonito, David G. Bourne, Carol Buitrago-López, Tom C.L. Bridge, Cheong Xin Chan, David J. Combosch, Jamie Craggs, Jörg C. Frommlet, Santiago Herrera, Andrea M. Quattrini, Till Röthig, James D. Reimer, Esther Rubio-Portillo, David J. Suggett, Helena Villela, Maren Ziegler, Michael Sweet
Consensus Guidelines For Advancing Coral Holobiont Genome And Specimen Voucher Deposition, Christian R. Voolstra, Kate M. Quigley, Sarah W. Davies, John Everett Parkinson, Raquel S. Peixoto, Manuel Aranda, Andrew C. Baker, Adam R. Barno, Daniel J. Barshis, Francesca Benzoni, Victor Bonito, David G. Bourne, Carol Buitrago-López, Tom C.L. Bridge, Cheong Xin Chan, David J. Combosch, Jamie Craggs, Jörg C. Frommlet, Santiago Herrera, Andrea M. Quattrini, Till Röthig, James D. Reimer, Esther Rubio-Portillo, David J. Suggett, Helena Villela, Maren Ziegler, Michael Sweet
Biological Sciences Faculty Publications
Coral research is being ushered into the genomic era. To fully capitalize on the potential discoveries from this genomic revolution, the rapidly increasing number of high-quality genomes requires effective pairing with rigorous taxonomic characterizations of specimens and the contextualization of their ecological relevance. However, to date there is no formal framework that genomicists, taxonomists, and coral scientists can collectively use to systematically acquire and link these data. Spurred by the recently announced “Coral symbiosis sensitivity to environmental change hub” under the “Aquatic Symbiosis Genomics Project” - a collaboration between the Wellcome Sanger Institute and the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation …
Spatio-Temporal Modelling Of Tick Life-Stage Count Data With Spatially Varying Coefficients, Thabo Lephoto, Henry Mwambi, Oliver Bodhlyera, Holly Gaff
Spatio-Temporal Modelling Of Tick Life-Stage Count Data With Spatially Varying Coefficients, Thabo Lephoto, Henry Mwambi, Oliver Bodhlyera, Holly Gaff
Biological Sciences Faculty Publications
There is a vast amount of geo-referenced data in many fields of study including ecological studies. Geo-referencing is usually by point referencing; that is, latitudes and longitudes or by areal referencing, which includes districts, counties, states, provinces and other administrative units. The availability of large geo-referenced datasets for modelling has necessitated the development and application of spatial statistical methods. However, spatial varying coefficients models exploring the abundance of tick counts remain limited. In this study we used data that was collected and prepared by researchers in the Department of Biological Sciences from the Old Dominion University, Virginia, USA. We modelled …
Variation In Coral Thermotolerance Across A Pollution Gradient Erodes As Coral Symbionts Shift To More Heat-Tolerant Genera, Melissa S. Naugle, Thomas A. Oliver, Daniel J. Barshis, Ruth D. Gates, Cheryl A. Logan
Variation In Coral Thermotolerance Across A Pollution Gradient Erodes As Coral Symbionts Shift To More Heat-Tolerant Genera, Melissa S. Naugle, Thomas A. Oliver, Daniel J. Barshis, Ruth D. Gates, Cheryl A. Logan
Biological Sciences Faculty Publications
Phenotypic plasticity is one mechanism whereby species may cope with stressful environmental changes associated with climate change. Reef building corals present a good model for studying phenotypic plasticity because they have experienced rapid climate-driven declines in recent decades (within a single generation of many corals), often with differential survival among individuals during heat stress. Underlying differences in thermotolerance may be driven by differences in baseline levels of environmental stress, including pollution stress. To examine this possibility, acute heat stress experiments were conducted on Acropora hyacinthus from 10 sites around Tutuila, American Samoa with differing nutrient pollution impact. A threshold-based heat …
Self And Microbiota-Derived Epitopes Induce Cd4⁺ T Cell Anergy And Conversion Into Cd4⁺Foxp3⁺ Regulatory Cells, Michal P. Kuczma, Edyta A. Szurek, Anna Cebula, Vu L. Ngo, Maciej Pietrzak, Piotr Kraj, Timothy L. Denning, Leszek Ignatowicz
Self And Microbiota-Derived Epitopes Induce Cd4⁺ T Cell Anergy And Conversion Into Cd4⁺Foxp3⁺ Regulatory Cells, Michal P. Kuczma, Edyta A. Szurek, Anna Cebula, Vu L. Ngo, Maciej Pietrzak, Piotr Kraj, Timothy L. Denning, Leszek Ignatowicz
Biological Sciences Faculty Publications
The physiological role of T cell anergy induction as a key mechanism supporting self-tolerance remains undefined, and natural antigens that induce anergy are largely unknown. In this report, we used TCR sequencing to show that the recruitment of CD4+CD44+Foxp3−CD73+FR4+ anergic (Tan) cells expands the CD4+Foxp3+ (Tregs) repertoire. Next, we report that blockade in peripherally-induced Tregs (pTregs) formation due to mutation in CNS1 region of Foxp3 or chronic exposure to a selecting self-peptide result in an accumulation of Tan cells. Finally, we show that microbial antigens from Akkermansia muciniphila …
Polar Bear Behavior: Morphologic And Physiologic Adaptations, John P. Whiteman
Polar Bear Behavior: Morphologic And Physiologic Adaptations, John P. Whiteman
Biological Sciences Faculty Publications
Polar bears possess morphologic and physiologic characteristics that reflect their terrestrial lineage as members of the bear family (Ursidae) as well as adaptations to the Arctic marine environment. Among marine mammals, they are the least adapted for aquatic life. They exhibit substantial seasonality in body mass, body condition, and many physiological functions, reflecting the annual cycle of both their Arctic sea ice habitat and the availability of their main prey, ringed seals. This hypercarnivorous diet has likely influenced the polar bear’s craniodental morphology and nutritional physiology. Similar to other marine mammal predators, polar bears exhibit a relatively high resting metabolic …
Complete Genome Sequence Of Rickettsia Parkeri Strain Black Gap, Sandor E. Karpathy, Christopher D. Paddock, Stephanie L. Grizzard, Dhwani Batra, Lori A. Rowe, David T. Gauthier
Complete Genome Sequence Of Rickettsia Parkeri Strain Black Gap, Sandor E. Karpathy, Christopher D. Paddock, Stephanie L. Grizzard, Dhwani Batra, Lori A. Rowe, David T. Gauthier
Biological Sciences Faculty Publications
A unique genotype of Rickettsia parkeri, designated R. parkeri strain Black Gap, has thus far been associated exclusively with the North American tick, Dermacentor parumapertus. The compete genome consists of a single circular chromosome with 1,329,522 bp and a G+C content of 32.5%.
Effect Of Cultivation Parameters On Fermentation And Hydrogen Production In The Phylum, Mariamichela Lanzilli, Nunzia Esercizio, Marco Vastano, Zhaohui Xu, Genoveffa Nuzzo, Carmela Gallo, Emiliano Manzo, Angelo Fontana, Giuliana D'Ippolito
Effect Of Cultivation Parameters On Fermentation And Hydrogen Production In The Phylum, Mariamichela Lanzilli, Nunzia Esercizio, Marco Vastano, Zhaohui Xu, Genoveffa Nuzzo, Carmela Gallo, Emiliano Manzo, Angelo Fontana, Giuliana D'Ippolito
Biological Sciences Faculty Publications
The phylum is composed of a single class (), 4 orders (), 5 families (), and 13 genera. They have been isolated from extremely hot environments whose characteristics are reflected in the metabolic and phenotypic properties of the species. The metabolic versatility of members leads to a pool of high value-added products with application potentials in many industry fields. The low risk of contamination associated with their extreme culture conditions has made most species of the phylum attractive candidates in biotechnological processes. Almost all members of the phylum, especially those in the order , can produce bio-hydrogen from a variety …
Novel Small Rnas Expressed By Bartonella Bacilliformis Under Multiple Conditions Reveal Potential Mechanisms For Persistence In The Sand Fly Vector And Human Host, Shaun Wachter, Linda D. Hicks, Rahul Raghavan, Michael F. Minnick
Novel Small Rnas Expressed By Bartonella Bacilliformis Under Multiple Conditions Reveal Potential Mechanisms For Persistence In The Sand Fly Vector And Human Host, Shaun Wachter, Linda D. Hicks, Rahul Raghavan, Michael F. Minnick
Biological Sciences Faculty Publications
Bartonella bacilliformis, the etiological agent of Carrión's disease, is a Gram-negative, facultative intracellular alphaproteobacterium. Carrión's disease is an emerging but neglected tropical illness endemic to Peru, Colombia, and Ecuador. B. bacilliformis is spread between humans through the bite of female phlebotomine sand flies. As a result, the pathogen encounters significant and repeated environmental shifts during its life cycle, including changes in pH and temperature. In most bacteria, small non-coding RNAs (sRNAs) serve as effectors that may post-transcriptionally regulate the stress response to such changes. However, sRNAs have not been characterized in B. bacilliformis, to date. We therefore performed total RNA-sequencing …
Adaptive Divergence, Neutral Panmixia, And Algal Symbiont Population Structure In The Temperate Coral Astrangia Poculata Along The Mid-Atlantic United States, Hannah E. Aichelman, Daniel J. Barshis
Adaptive Divergence, Neutral Panmixia, And Algal Symbiont Population Structure In The Temperate Coral Astrangia Poculata Along The Mid-Atlantic United States, Hannah E. Aichelman, Daniel J. Barshis
Biological Sciences Faculty Publications
Astrangia poculata is a temperate scleractinian coral that exists in facultative symbiosis with the dinoflagellate alga Breviolum psygmophilum across a range spanning the Gulf of Mexico to Cape Cod, Massachusetts. Our previous work on metabolic thermal performance of Virginia (VA) and Rhode Island (RI) populations of A. poculata revealed physiological signatures of cold (RI) and warm (VA) adaptation of these populations to their respective local thermal environments. Here, we used whole-transcriptome sequencing (mRNA-Seq) to evaluate genetic differences and identify potential loci involved in the adaptive signature of VA and RI populations. Sequencing data from 40 A. poculata individuals, including 10 …
Adaptive Genetic Potential And Plasticity Of Trait Variation In The Foundation Prairie Grass Andropogon Gerardii Across The Us Great Plains’ Climate Gradient: Implications For Climate Change And Restoration, Matthew Galliart, Sofia Sabates, Hannah Tetreault, Angel Delacruz, Johnny Bryant, Jake Alsdurf, Mary Knapp, Nora M. Bello, Sara G. Baer, Brian R. Maricle Ph.D., David J. Gibson, Jesse Poland, Paul St Amand, Natalie Unruh, Olivia Parrish, Loretta Johnson
Adaptive Genetic Potential And Plasticity Of Trait Variation In The Foundation Prairie Grass Andropogon Gerardii Across The Us Great Plains’ Climate Gradient: Implications For Climate Change And Restoration, Matthew Galliart, Sofia Sabates, Hannah Tetreault, Angel Delacruz, Johnny Bryant, Jake Alsdurf, Mary Knapp, Nora M. Bello, Sara G. Baer, Brian R. Maricle Ph.D., David J. Gibson, Jesse Poland, Paul St Amand, Natalie Unruh, Olivia Parrish, Loretta Johnson
Biological Sciences Faculty Publications
Plant response to climate depends on a species’ adaptive potential. To address this, we used reciprocal gardens to detect genetic and environmental plasticity effects on phenotypic variation and combined with genetic analyses. Four reciprocal garden sites were planted with three regional ecotypes of Andropogon gerardii, a dominant Great Plains prairie grass, using dry, mesic, and wet ecotypes originating from western KS to Illinois that span 500–1,200 mm rainfall/year. We aimed to answer: (a) What is the relative role of genetic constraints and phenotypic plasticity in controlling phenotypes? (b) When planted in the homesite, is there a trait syndrome for each …
Matrices (Re)Loaded: Durability, Viability, And Fermentative Capacity Of Yeast Encapsulated In Beads Of Different Composition During Long-Term Fed-Batch Culture, Jordan Gulli, Peter Yunker, Frank Rosenzweig
Matrices (Re)Loaded: Durability, Viability, And Fermentative Capacity Of Yeast Encapsulated In Beads Of Different Composition During Long-Term Fed-Batch Culture, Jordan Gulli, Peter Yunker, Frank Rosenzweig
Biological Sciences Faculty Publications
Encapsulated microbes have been used for decades to produce commodities ranging from methyl ketone to beer. Encapsulated cells undergo limited replication, which enables them to more efficiently convert substrate to product than planktonic cells and which contributes to their stress resistance. To determine how encapsulated yeast supports long-term, repeated fed-batch ethanologenic fermentation, and whether different matrices influence that process, fermentation and indicators of matrix durability and cell viability were monitored in high-dextrose, fed-batch culture over 7 weeks. At most timepoints, ethanol yield (g/g) in encapsulated cultures exceeded that in planktonic cultures. And frequently, ethanol yield differed among the four matrices …
Activated Protein Kinase C (Pkc) Is Persistently Trafficked With Epidermal Growth Factor (Egf) Receptor, Carol A. Heckman, Tania Biswas, Douglas M. Dimick, Marilyn L. Cayer
Activated Protein Kinase C (Pkc) Is Persistently Trafficked With Epidermal Growth Factor (Egf) Receptor, Carol A. Heckman, Tania Biswas, Douglas M. Dimick, Marilyn L. Cayer
Biological Sciences Faculty Publications
Protein kinase Cs (PKCs) are activated by lipids in the plasma membrane and bind to a scaffold assembled on the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor (EGFR). Understanding how this complex is routed is important, because this determines whether EGFR is degraded, terminating signaling. Here, cells were preincubated in EGF-tagged gold nanoparticles, then allowed to internalize them in the presence or absence of a phorbol ester PKC activator. PKC colocalized with EGF-tagged nanoparticles within 5 min and migrated with EGFR-bearing vesicles into the cell. Two conformations of PKC-epsilon were distinguished by different primary antibodies. One, thought to be enzymatically active, was …
Multivariate Analysis Of Open Field Exploration Identifies Latent Spatial And Social Behavioral Axes In Domestic Dogs, Budhaditya Chowdhury, Moira Van Staaden, Robert Huber
Multivariate Analysis Of Open Field Exploration Identifies Latent Spatial And Social Behavioral Axes In Domestic Dogs, Budhaditya Chowdhury, Moira Van Staaden, Robert Huber
Biological Sciences Faculty Publications
Recent methodological advances in studying large scale animal movements have let researchers gather rich datasets from behaving animals. Often collected in small sample sizes due to logistical constraints, these datasets are however, ideal for multivariate explorations into behavioral complexity. In behavioral studies of domestic dogs, although automated data loggers have recently seen increasing use, a comprehensive framework to identify complex behavioral axes is lacking. Dog behavioral studies frequently rely on subjective ratings, despite demonstrable evidence that these are insufficient for identifying behavioral variables. Taking advantage of dogs' innate running abilities and readily available GPS data loggers, we extracted latitude-longitude coordinates …
The Complicated And Confusing Ecology Of Microcystis Blooms, Steven W. Wilhelm, George S. Bullerjahn, R Michael Mckay
The Complicated And Confusing Ecology Of Microcystis Blooms, Steven W. Wilhelm, George S. Bullerjahn, R Michael Mckay
Biological Sciences Faculty Publications
Blooms of the toxin-producing cyanobacterium are increasing globally, leading to the loss of ecosystem services, threats to human health, as well as the deaths of pets and husbandry animals. While nutrient availability is a well-known driver of algal biomass, the factors controlling "who" is present in fresh waters are more complicated. possesses multiple strategies to adapt to temperature, light, changes in nutrient chemistry, herbivory, and parasitism that provide a selective advantage over its competitors. Moreover, its ability to alter ecosystem pH provides it a further advantage that helps exclude many of its planktonic competitors. While decades of nutrient monitoring have …
Human Vascular Endothelial Cells Express Epithelial Growth Factor In Response To Infection By Bartonella Bacilliformis, Linda D. Hicks, Michael F. Minnick
Human Vascular Endothelial Cells Express Epithelial Growth Factor In Response To Infection By Bartonella Bacilliformis, Linda D. Hicks, Michael F. Minnick
Biological Sciences Faculty Publications
Bartonella are Gram-negative bacterial pathogens that trigger pathological angiogenesis during infection of humans. Bartonella bacilliformis (Bb) is a neglected tropical agent endemic to South America, where it causes Carrión's disease. Little is known about Bb's virulence determinants or how the pathogen elicits hyperproliferation of the vasculature, culminating in Peruvian warts (verruga peruana) of the skin. In this study, we determined that active infection of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) by live Bb induced host cell secretion of epidermal growth factor (EGF) using ELISA. Killed bacteria or lysates of various Bb strains did not cause EGF production, suggesting that an …
Metatranscriptomic And Metagenomic Analysis Of Biological Diversity In Subglacial Lake Vostok (Antarctica), Colby Gura, Scott O. Rogers
Metatranscriptomic And Metagenomic Analysis Of Biological Diversity In Subglacial Lake Vostok (Antarctica), Colby Gura, Scott O. Rogers
Biological Sciences Faculty Publications
A combined metatranscriptomic and metagenomic study of Vostok (Antarctica) ice core sections from glacial, basal, and lake water accretion ice yielded sequences that indicated a wide variety of species and possible conditions at the base of the glacier and in subglacial Lake Vostok. Few organisms were in common among the basal ice and accretion ice samples, suggesting little transmission of viable organisms from the basal ice meltwater into the lake water. Additionally, samples of accretion ice, each of which originated from water in several locations of the shallow embayment, exhibit only small amounts of mixing of species. The western-most portion …
Structure Of The G Protein Chaperone And Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factor Ric-8a Bound To Gαi1, Levi J. Mcclelland, Kaiming Zhang, Tung-Chung Mou, Jake Johnston, Cindee Yates-Hansen, Shanshan Li, Celestine J. Thomas, Tzanko I. Doukov, Sarah Triest, Alexandre Wohlkonig, Gregory G. Tall, Jan Steyaert, Wah Chiu, Stephen Sprang
Structure Of The G Protein Chaperone And Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factor Ric-8a Bound To Gαi1, Levi J. Mcclelland, Kaiming Zhang, Tung-Chung Mou, Jake Johnston, Cindee Yates-Hansen, Shanshan Li, Celestine J. Thomas, Tzanko I. Doukov, Sarah Triest, Alexandre Wohlkonig, Gregory G. Tall, Jan Steyaert, Wah Chiu, Stephen Sprang
Biological Sciences Faculty Publications
Ric-8A is a cytosolic Guanine Nucleotide exchange Factor (GEF) that activates heterotrimeric G protein alpha subunits (Gα) and serves as an essential Gα chaperone. Mechanisms by which Ric-8A catalyzes these activities, which are stimulated by Casein Kinase II phosphorylation, are unknown. We report the structure of the nanobody-stabilized complex of nucleotide-free Gα bound to phosphorylated Ric-8A at near atomic resolution by cryo-electron microscopy and X-ray crystallography. The mechanism of Ric-8A GEF activity differs considerably from that employed by G protein-coupled receptors at the plasma membrane. Ric-8A engages a specific conformation of Gα at multiple interfaces to form a complex that …
Statin Drugs Plus Th1 Cytokines Potentiate Apoptosis And Ras Delocalization In Human Breast Cancer Lines And Combine With Dendritic Cell-Based Immunotherapy To Suppress Tumor Growth In A Mouse Model Of Her-2 Disease, Crystal M. Oechsle, Loral E. Showalter, Colleen M. Novak, Brain J. Czerniecki, Gary K. Koski
Statin Drugs Plus Th1 Cytokines Potentiate Apoptosis And Ras Delocalization In Human Breast Cancer Lines And Combine With Dendritic Cell-Based Immunotherapy To Suppress Tumor Growth In A Mouse Model Of Her-2 Disease, Crystal M. Oechsle, Loral E. Showalter, Colleen M. Novak, Brain J. Czerniecki, Gary K. Koski
Biological Sciences Faculty Publications
A dendritic cell-based, Type 1 Helper T cell (Th1)-polarizing anti-Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor-2 (HER-2) vaccine supplied in the neoadjuvant setting eliminates disease in up to 30% of recipients with HER-2-positive (HER-2) ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). We hypothesized that drugs with low toxicity profiles that target signaling pathways critical for oncogenesis may work in conjunction with vaccine-induced immune effector mechanisms to improve efficacy while minimizing side effects. In this study, a panel of four phenotypically diverse human breast cancer lines were exposed in vitro to the combination of Th1 cytokines Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α) and lipophilic …
Encapsulation Enhances Protoplast Fusant Stability, Jordan Gulli, Eugene Kroll, Frank Rosenzweig
Encapsulation Enhances Protoplast Fusant Stability, Jordan Gulli, Eugene Kroll, Frank Rosenzweig
Biological Sciences Faculty Publications
A barrier to cost-efficient biomanufacturing is the instability of engineered genetic elements, such as plasmids. Instability can also manifest at the whole-genome level, when fungal dikaryons revert to parental species due to nuclear segregation during cell division. Here, we show that by encapsulating Saccharomyces cerevisiae-Pichia stipitis dikaryons in an alginate matrix, we can limit cell division and preserve their expanded metabolic capabilities. As a proxy to cellulosic ethanol production, we tested the capacity of such cells to carry out ethanologenic fermentation of glucose and xylose, examining substrate use, ploidy, and cell viability in relation to planktonic fusants, as well as …
The Role Of Demographic History And Selection In Shaping Genetic Diversity Of The Galápagos Penguin (Spheniscus Mendiculus), Gabriella Arauco-Shapiro, Katelyn I. Schumacher, Dee Boersma, Juan L. Bouzat
The Role Of Demographic History And Selection In Shaping Genetic Diversity Of The Galápagos Penguin (Spheniscus Mendiculus), Gabriella Arauco-Shapiro, Katelyn I. Schumacher, Dee Boersma, Juan L. Bouzat
Biological Sciences Faculty Publications
Although many studies have documented the effects of demographic bottlenecks on the genetic diversity of natural populations, there is conflicting evidence of the roles that genetic drift and selection may play in driving changes in genetic variation at adaptive loci. We analyzed genetic variation at microsatellite and mitochondrial loci in conjunction with an adaptive MHC class II locus in the Galápagos penguin (Spheniscus mendiculus), a species that has undergone serial demographic bottlenecks associated with El Niño events through its evolutionary history. We compared levels of variation in the Galápagos penguin to those of its congener, the Magellanic penguin (Spheniscus magellanicus), …
Adding Value To A Field-Based Course With A Science Communication Module On Local Perceptions Of Climate Change, Lorelei E. Patrick, Seth Thompson, Aud Halbritter, Brian J. Enquist, Vigdis Vandvik, Sehoya Cotner
Adding Value To A Field-Based Course With A Science Communication Module On Local Perceptions Of Climate Change, Lorelei E. Patrick, Seth Thompson, Aud Halbritter, Brian J. Enquist, Vigdis Vandvik, Sehoya Cotner
Biological Sciences Faculty Publications
Field courses, while generally considered as beneficial for students, are challenging to implement and can lead to strained relationships between local residents and visiting scientists. Thus, it is critical to both maximize the educational value of field courses and help students develop contextualized science communication skills. We report on the development of a science communication module, integrated into an existing field-based ecology course, which aims to add value to an international field course enrolling students from multiple countries. Specifically, students surveyed local residents about their knowledge and perceptions of climate change, and then discussed their findings.
Annonex2embl: Automatic Preparation Of Annotated Dna Sequences For Bulk Submissions To Ena, Michael Gruenstaeudl
Annonex2embl: Automatic Preparation Of Annotated Dna Sequences For Bulk Submissions To Ena, Michael Gruenstaeudl
Biological Sciences Faculty Publications
The submission of annotated sequence data to public sequence databases constitutes a central pillar in biological research. The surge of novel DNA sequences awaiting database submission due to the application of next-generation sequencing has increased the need for software tools that facilitate bulk submissions. This need has yet to be met with the concurrent development of tools to automate the preparatory work preceding such submissions.The author introduce annonex2embl, a Python package that automates the preparation of complete sequence flatfiles for large-scale sequence submissions to the European Nucleotide Archive. The tool enables the conversion of DNA sequence alignments that are co-supplied …
Reassessment Of The Triassic Archosauriform Scleromochlus Taylori: Neither Runner Nor Biped, But Hopper, S. Christopher Bennett Ph.D.
Reassessment Of The Triassic Archosauriform Scleromochlus Taylori: Neither Runner Nor Biped, But Hopper, S. Christopher Bennett Ph.D.
Biological Sciences Faculty Publications
The six known specimens of Scleromochlus taylori and casts made from their negative impressions were examined to reassess the osteological evidence that has been used to interpret Scleromochlus’s locomotion and phylogenetic relationships. It was found that the trunk was dorsoventrally compressed. The upper temporal fenestra was on the lateral surface of skull and two-thirds the size of the lower, the jaw joint posteriorly placed with short retroarticular process, and teeth short and subconical, but no evidence of external nares or antorbital fossae was found. The posterior trunk was covered with ~20 rows of closely spaced transversely elongate dorsal osteoderms. The …
Gene Duplication And Deletion, Not Horizontal Transfer, Drove Intra-Species Mosaicism Of Bartonella Henselae, Rachana Banerjee, Oshina Shine, Vyshakh Rajachandran, Govind Krishnadas, Michael F. Minnick, Sandip Paul, Sujay Chattopadhyay
Gene Duplication And Deletion, Not Horizontal Transfer, Drove Intra-Species Mosaicism Of Bartonella Henselae, Rachana Banerjee, Oshina Shine, Vyshakh Rajachandran, Govind Krishnadas, Michael F. Minnick, Sandip Paul, Sujay Chattopadhyay
Biological Sciences Faculty Publications
Bartonella henselae is a facultative intracellular pathogen that occurs worldwide and is responsible primarily for cat-scratch disease in young people and bacillary angiomatosis in immunocompromised patients. The principal source of genome-level diversity that contributes to B. henselae's host-adaptive features is thought to be horizontal gene transfer events. However, our analyses did not reveal the acquisition of horizontally-transferred islands in B. henselae after its divergence from other Bartonella. Rather, diversity in gene content and genome size was apparently acquired through two alternative mechanisms, including deletion and, more predominantly, duplication of genes. Interestingly, a majority of these events occurred in regions that …
Pacvr: Plastome Assembly Coverage Visualization In R, Michael Gruenstaeudl, Nils Jenke
Pacvr: Plastome Assembly Coverage Visualization In R, Michael Gruenstaeudl, Nils Jenke
Biological Sciences Faculty Publications
Plastid genomes typically display a circular, quadripartite structure with two inverted repeat regions, which challenges automatic assembly procedures. The correct assembly of plastid genomes is a prerequisite for the validity of subsequent analyses on genome structure and evolution. The average coverage depth of a genome assembly is often used as an indicator of assembly quality. Visualizing coverage depth across a draft genome is a critical step, which allows users to inspect the quality of the assembly and, where applicable, identify regions of reduced assembly confidence. Despite the interplay between genome structure and assembly quality, no contemporary, user-friendly software tool can …
Biogeographic Variation In Resistance Of The Invasive Plant, Alliaria Petiolata, To A Powdery Mildew Fungus And Effect Of Resistance On Competitive Dynamics, Don Cipollini, Sam Davisd, Deah Lieurance, Kendra Cipollini, Volker Bahn
Biogeographic Variation In Resistance Of The Invasive Plant, Alliaria Petiolata, To A Powdery Mildew Fungus And Effect Of Resistance On Competitive Dynamics, Don Cipollini, Sam Davisd, Deah Lieurance, Kendra Cipollini, Volker Bahn
Biological Sciences Faculty Publications
Garlic mustard is an invasive Eurasian biennial that has spread throughout the eastern United States and southern Canada. Populations of this plant vary in their susceptibility to Erysiphe cruciferarum, a causal agent of powdery mildew disease in Brassicaceous plants. We examined whether there were biogeographic patterns in the distribution of resistance in invasive North American and native European populations of this plant. We grew plants from 78 invasive and 20 native populations and screened them for powdery mildew resistance in the greenhouse. We found that populations were mostly monomorphic for either resistance or susceptibility but that some polymorphic populations …
Larval Performance Of A Major Forest Pest On Novel Hosts And The Effect Of Stressors, Donnie Lee Peterson, Don Cipollini
Larval Performance Of A Major Forest Pest On Novel Hosts And The Effect Of Stressors, Donnie Lee Peterson, Don Cipollini
Biological Sciences Faculty Publications
Novel hosts lacking a coevolutionary history with herbivores can often support improved larval performance over historic hosts; e.g., emerald ash borer [Agrilus planipennis (Fairmaire) Coleoptera: Buprestidae] on North American ash (Fraxinus spp.) trees. Whether trees are novel or ancestral, stress on plants increases emerald ash borer preference and performance. White fringetree [Chionanthus virginicus (L.) Lamiales: Oleaceae] and olive [Olea europaea (L.) Lamiales: Oleaceae] are closely related non-ash hosts that support development of emerald ash borer to adulthood, but their relative suitability as hosts and the impact of plant stress on larval success has not been well …
On The Potential For Saturated Buffers In Northwest Ohio To Remediate Nutrients From Agricultural Runoff, Stephen J. Jacquemin, Gregory J. Mcglinch, Theresa Dirksen, Angela Clayton
On The Potential For Saturated Buffers In Northwest Ohio To Remediate Nutrients From Agricultural Runoff, Stephen J. Jacquemin, Gregory J. Mcglinch, Theresa Dirksen, Angela Clayton
Biological Sciences Faculty Publications
Nutrient loading from nonpoint source runoff in the Midwest has emerged as one of the largest threats to water quality as the frequency of harmful algal blooms, hypoxic zones, and issues associated with human-resource interactions have risen abruptly over the past several decades. In this study, a saturated buffer ~500 m in length located in the western basin of the Lake Erie watershed was evaluated for its potential to reduce edge of field runoff and nutrient loading. Saturated buffers reduce runoff by routing subsurface tile drainage water into the riparian zone, providing an opportunity for drainage volume as well as …
A Discrete Age Structured Model Of Hantavirus In A Rodent Reservoir In Paraguay, Megan A. Rúa
A Discrete Age Structured Model Of Hantavirus In A Rodent Reservoir In Paraguay, Megan A. Rúa
Biological Sciences Faculty Publications
Many rodent-borne hantaviruses are zoonotic pathogens that can cause disease in humans through inhalation of aerosolized rodent excreta. To evaluate the prevalence of Jaborâ virus (JABV) over time within its rodent reservoir, Akodon montensis, we formulated a mathematical model with multiple rodent age classes and unique infection class progression features. We then parameterized the model with data collected from a survey of JABV harbored by Akodon montensis in the Mbaracayú Reserve in Paraguay. Our model incorporates three types of infection over the lifetime of the rodent as well as a recovered class. A new feature of the model allows transition …
Evolutionary Determinism And Convergence Associated With Water Column Transitions In Marine Fishes, Melissa Rincon-Sandoval, Emmanuelle Duarte-Ribeiro, Aaron M. Davis, Aintzane Santaquiteria, Lily C. Hughes, Carole C. Baldwin, Luisángely Soto-Torres, Arturo Acero P., H.J. Walker Jr, Kent E. Carpenter, Marcus Sheaves, Guillermo Orti, Dahiana Arcila, Ricardo Betancur-R.
Evolutionary Determinism And Convergence Associated With Water Column Transitions In Marine Fishes, Melissa Rincon-Sandoval, Emmanuelle Duarte-Ribeiro, Aaron M. Davis, Aintzane Santaquiteria, Lily C. Hughes, Carole C. Baldwin, Luisángely Soto-Torres, Arturo Acero P., H.J. Walker Jr, Kent E. Carpenter, Marcus Sheaves, Guillermo Orti, Dahiana Arcila, Ricardo Betancur-R.
Biological Sciences Faculty Publications
Repeatable, convergent outcomes are prima facie evidence for determinism in evolutionary processes. Among fishes, well-known examples include microevolutionary habitat transitions into the water column, where freshwater populations (e.g., sticklebacks, cichlids, and whitefishes) recurrently diverge toward slender-bodied pelagic forms and deep-bodied benthic forms. However, the consequences of such processes at deeper macroevolutionary scales in the marine environment are less clear. We applied a phylogenomics-based integrative, comparative approach to test hypotheses about the scope and strength of convergence in a marine fish clade with a worldwide distribution (snappers and fusiliers, family Lutjanidae) featuring multiple water-column transitions over the past 45 million years. …