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Articles 421 - 450 of 627
Full-Text Articles in Biology
Variability In Measured And Modelled Remote Sensing Reflectance For Coastal Waters At Leo-5, Sasha Tozzi, Oscar Schofield, Trisha Bergmann, Mark A. Moline, Robert Arnone
Variability In Measured And Modelled Remote Sensing Reflectance For Coastal Waters At Leo-5, Sasha Tozzi, Oscar Schofield, Trisha Bergmann, Mark A. Moline, Robert Arnone
Biological Sciences
A large database of in situ bio-optical measurements were collected at the LEO-15 (Long-term Ecosystem Observatory) off the southern coast of New Jersey, USA. The data were used to quantify the impact of coastal upwelling on near-shore bulk apparent (AOP) and inherent (IOP) optical properties. There was good qualitative agreement between the AOPs and IOPs in space and time. The measured IOPs were used as inputs to the Hydrolight radiative transfer model (RTE). Estimated spectral AOPs from the RTE were strongly correlated (generally R2>0.80) to measured AOPs. If optical closure between in-water measurements was achieved then the RTE …
Bayesian Statistics For Biological Data: Pedigree Analysis, William D. Stansfield, Matthew A. Carlton
Bayesian Statistics For Biological Data: Pedigree Analysis, William D. Stansfield, Matthew A. Carlton
Biological Sciences
No abstract provided.
Fossil Tuna Vertebrae Punctured By Istiophorid Billfishes, Vincent P. Schneider, Harry L. Fierstine
Fossil Tuna Vertebrae Punctured By Istiophorid Billfishes, Vincent P. Schneider, Harry L. Fierstine
Biological Sciences
No abstract provided.
Bacterial Succession In A Petroleum Land Treatment Unit, Christopher W. Kaplan, Christopher L. Kitts
Bacterial Succession In A Petroleum Land Treatment Unit, Christopher W. Kaplan, Christopher L. Kitts
Biological Sciences
Bacterial community dynamics were investigated in a land treatment unit (LTU) established at a site contaminated with highly weathered petroleum hydrocarbons in the C(10) to C(32) range. The treatment plot, 3,000 cubic yards of soil, was supplemented with nutrients and monitored weekly for total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH), soil water content, nutrient levels, and aerobic heterotrophic bacterial counts. Weekly soil samples were analyzed with 16S rRNA gene terminal restriction fragment (TRF) analysis to monitor bacterial community structure and dynamics during bioremediation. TPH degradation was rapid during the first 3 weeks and slowed for the remainder of the 24-week project. A sharp …
In Situ Cardiac Performance Of Pacific Bluefin Tuna Hearts In Response To Acute Temperature Change, Jason M. Blank, Jeffery M. Morrissette, Ana M. Landeira-Fernandez, Susanna B. Blackwell, Thomas D. Williams, Barbara A. Block
In Situ Cardiac Performance Of Pacific Bluefin Tuna Hearts In Response To Acute Temperature Change, Jason M. Blank, Jeffery M. Morrissette, Ana M. Landeira-Fernandez, Susanna B. Blackwell, Thomas D. Williams, Barbara A. Block
Biological Sciences
This study reports the cardiovascular physiology of the Pacific bluefin tuna (Thunnus orientalis) in an in situ heart preparation. The performance of the Pacific bluefin tuna heart was examined at temperatures from 30°C down to 2°C. Heart rates ranged from 156 beats min–1 at 30°C to 13 beats min–1 at 2°C. Maximal stroke volumes were 1.1 ml kg–1 at 25°C and 1.3 ml kg–1 at 2°C. Maximal cardiac outputs were 18.1 ml kg–1 min–1 at 2°C and 106 ml kg–1 min–1 at 25°C. These data indicate that cardiovascular function in …
Variation In Vasotocin Immunoreactivity In The Brain Of Recently Isolated Populations Of A Death Valley Pupfish, Cyprinodon Nevadensis, Sean C. Lema, Gabrielle A. Nevitt
Variation In Vasotocin Immunoreactivity In The Brain Of Recently Isolated Populations Of A Death Valley Pupfish, Cyprinodon Nevadensis, Sean C. Lema, Gabrielle A. Nevitt
Biological Sciences
Pupfishes in the Death Valley region of California and Nevada comprise a monophyletic group of populations that became isolated in remote streams and springs over the past 20,000 years. These aquatic habitats show considerable ecological diversity, and allopatric populations have evolved differences in morphology and behavior. Here we investigated whether the divergence of pupfish populations in Death Valley might be associated with changes in arginine vasotocin (AVT). We used immunocytochemistry to compare the expression of AVT in the brain of Amargosa pupfish (Cyprinodon nevadensis) from two Death Valley populations: (1) the Amargosa River—a highly variable desert stream containing …
A Comparison Between Point- And Semi-Continuous Sampling For Assessing Body Temperature In A Free-Ranging Ectotherm, Emily N. Taylor, Dale F. Denardo, Michael A. Malawy
A Comparison Between Point- And Semi-Continuous Sampling For Assessing Body Temperature In A Free-Ranging Ectotherm, Emily N. Taylor, Dale F. Denardo, Michael A. Malawy
Biological Sciences
We used intracoelomically implanted temperature dataloggers to obtain semi-continuous body temperature data and establish monthly thermal profiles for free-ranging rattlesnakes. We mimicked random and non-random point-sampling methods by selecting a single daily data point from all values or from restricted times of day to reflect common point-sampling constraints. Thermal profiles generated from point-sampling differed from those generated from semi-continuous sampling, and this difference was more apparent when point-sampling was non-random. We conclude that semi-continuous sampling provides a better estimate of thermal profiles, and that point-sampling methods are highly sensitive to deviations from true randomness.
Hamlet Revisited: How Evolution Really Works, William D. Stansfield
Hamlet Revisited: How Evolution Really Works, William D. Stansfield
Biological Sciences
Delves into the artificial programs that are merely metaphors for the processes of organic evolution. Relation of this organic evolution with the phrases in the play "Hamlet" of Shakespeare; Disadvantage of using these metaphors as educational tools; Definition of various kinds of patterns for evolution.
Physical Forcing Of Phytoplankton Community Structure And Primary Production In Continental Shelf Waters Of The Western Antarctic Peninsula, Barbara B. Prezelin, Eileen E. Hofmann, Mark A. Moline, John M. Klinck
Physical Forcing Of Phytoplankton Community Structure And Primary Production In Continental Shelf Waters Of The Western Antarctic Peninsula, Barbara B. Prezelin, Eileen E. Hofmann, Mark A. Moline, John M. Klinck
Biological Sciences
Analyses of a multidisciplinary data set, collected in continental shelf waters of the Western Antarctic Peninsula (WAP) during austral summer of January 1993, identified a previously unrecognized forcing mechanism that sets up a physical and chemical structure that supports and assures site-specific diatom-dominated communities and enhanced biological production (Prézelin et al., 2000). This forcing is active when the southern boundary of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) flows along the shelf edge, thereby facilitating onshelf bottom intrusions of nutrient-rich Upper Circumpolar Deep Water (UCDW), which then is upwelled or mixed into the upper water column. At times or locations where UCDW …
New Taxa And New Combinations In North American Cirsium (Asteraceae: Cardueae), David J. Keil
New Taxa And New Combinations In North American Cirsium (Asteraceae: Cardueae), David J. Keil
Biological Sciences
Six new varieties are proposed in North American Cirsium (Asteraceae: Cardueae): C. arizonicum (A. Gray) Petrak var. tenuisectum D.J. Keil var. nov., C. eatonii (A. Gray) B.L. Rob. var. viperinum D.J. Keil, var. nov., C. edule Nutt. var. wenatchense D.J. Keil, var. nov., C. occidentale (Nutt.) Jeps. var. lucianum D.J. Keil, var. nov., C. scariosum Nutt. var. robustum D.J. Keil, var. nov., C. scariosum Nutt. var. toiyabense D.J. Keil, var. nov. Additionally, twenty new combinations are presented: C. arizonicum (A. Gray) Petrak var. bipinnatum (Eastw.) D.J. Keil, comb. nov., C. arizonicum (A. Gray) Petrak var. chellyense (R.J. Moore & Frankton) …
Biogeochemical Impact Of Summertime Coastal Upwelling On The New Jersey Shelf, Scott Glenn, Robert Arnone, Trisha Bergmann, Paul W. Bissett, Michael Crowley, Jay Cullen, Joe Gryzmski, Dale Haidvogel, Josh Kohut, Mark A. Moline, Mathew Oliver, Cris Orrico, Robert Sherrell, Tony Song, Alan Weidemann, Robert Chant, Oscar Schofield
Biogeochemical Impact Of Summertime Coastal Upwelling On The New Jersey Shelf, Scott Glenn, Robert Arnone, Trisha Bergmann, Paul W. Bissett, Michael Crowley, Jay Cullen, Joe Gryzmski, Dale Haidvogel, Josh Kohut, Mark A. Moline, Mathew Oliver, Cris Orrico, Robert Sherrell, Tony Song, Alan Weidemann, Robert Chant, Oscar Schofield
Biological Sciences
The alternative hypothesis that observed regions of recurrent hypoxia on the New Jersey inner shelf are more related to coastal upwelling than riverine inputs of nutrients was investigated through a series of multidisciplinary research programs beginning in 1993. The largest variations in ocean temperatures along the New Jersey coast, other than seasonal, are found to be caused by episodic summertime upwelling events driven by southwesterly winds associated with the atmospheric Bermuda High. Off the southern coast of New Jersey, topographic variations associated with ancient river deltas cause upwelled water to evolve into an alongshore line of recurrent upwelling centers that …
Seasonal Steroid Hormone Levels And Their Relation To Reproduction In The Western Diamond-Backed Rattlesnake, Crotalus Atrox (Serpentes: Viperidae), Emily N. Taylor, Dale F. Denardo, David H. Jennings
Seasonal Steroid Hormone Levels And Their Relation To Reproduction In The Western Diamond-Backed Rattlesnake, Crotalus Atrox (Serpentes: Viperidae), Emily N. Taylor, Dale F. Denardo, David H. Jennings
Biological Sciences
We report seasonal variation in steroid hormone levels in blood samples from free-ranging Western Diamond-backed Rattlesnakes (Crotalus atrox), and the relationship between these hormones and events in the reproductive cycle. At a field site in the Sonoran Desert of south-central Arizona, we collected monthly blood samples over the course of two active seasons from 17 radiotelemetered females, and over three active seasons from 103 randomly encountered males. We used radioimmunoassay to measure plasma levels of 17β-estradiol, progesterone, corticosterone, and testosterone in samples from females, and corticosterone and testosterone in samples from males. Non-reproductive females have consistently low levels …
Bioinformatic Approaches For Objective Detection Of Water Masses On Continental Shelves, Mark A. Moline, Matthew J. Oliver, Scott Glenn, Josh T. Kohut, Andrew J. Irwin, Oscar M. Schofield, Paul W. Bissett
Bioinformatic Approaches For Objective Detection Of Water Masses On Continental Shelves, Mark A. Moline, Matthew J. Oliver, Scott Glenn, Josh T. Kohut, Andrew J. Irwin, Oscar M. Schofield, Paul W. Bissett
Biological Sciences
As part of the 2001 Hyper Spectral Coupled Ocean Dynamics Experiment, sea surface temperature and ocean color satellite imagery were collected for the continental shelf of the Mid-Atlantic Bight. These images were used to develop a water mass analysis and classification scheme that objectively describes the locations of water masses and their boundary locations. This technique combines multivariate cluster analysis with a newly developed genetic expression algorithm to objectively determine the number of water types in the region on the basis of ocean color and sea surface temperature measurements. Then, through boundary analysis of the water types identified, the boundaries …
Sex–Specific Effects Of Carotenoid Intake On The Immunological Response To Allografts In Guppies (Poecilia Reticulata), Gregory F. Grether, Shinji Kasahara, Gita R. Kolluru, Edwin L. Cooper
Sex–Specific Effects Of Carotenoid Intake On The Immunological Response To Allografts In Guppies (Poecilia Reticulata), Gregory F. Grether, Shinji Kasahara, Gita R. Kolluru, Edwin L. Cooper
Biological Sciences
Rarely are the evolutionary origins of mate preferences known, but, recently, the preference of female guppies (Poecilia reticulata) for males with carotenoid‐based sexual coloration has been linked to a sensory bias that may have originally evolved for detecting carotenoid‐rich fruits. If carotenoids enhance the immune systems of these fishes, as has been suggested for other species, this could explain the origin of the attraction to orange fruits as well as the maintenance of the female preference for orange males. We used the classic immunological technique of tissue grafting to assay a component of the immune response of guppies …
Individual Colour Patches As Multicomponent Signals, Gregory F. Grether, Gita R. Kolluru, Karen Nersissian
Individual Colour Patches As Multicomponent Signals, Gregory F. Grether, Gita R. Kolluru, Karen Nersissian
Biological Sciences
Colour patches are complex traits, the components of which may evolve independently through a variety of mechanisms. Although usually treated as simple, two-dimensional characters and classified as either structural or pigmentary, in reality colour patches are complicated, three-dimensional structures that often contain multiple pigment types and structural features. The basic dermal chromatophore unit of fishes, reptiles and amphibians consists of three contiguous cell layers. Xanthophores and erythrophores in the outermost layer contain carotenoid and pteridine pigments that absorb short-wave light; iridophores in the middle layer contain crystalline platelets that reflect light back through the xanthophores; and melanophores in the basal …
Serpentine: A Model Habitat For Botanical Research In Sri Lanka, Nishanta Rajakaruna, Alan J. M. Baker
Serpentine: A Model Habitat For Botanical Research In Sri Lanka, Nishanta Rajakaruna, Alan J. M. Baker
Biological Sciences
Serpentine (ultramafic) outcrops are found in most parts of the world and for many years have attracted the attention of soil scientists and plant biologists alike due to the unusual nature of both the substrate and the life forms they harbour. In this paper, we introduce serpentine outcrops as a model habitat for botanical studies and review preliminary findings of a recently conducted soil and floristic survey of four of the five known serpentine outcrops in Sri Lanka. We hope that this paper will stimulate much-needed studies, both exploratory and experimental, and point to the immediate need for conservation of …
Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, And Prevention Of Foodbome Vibrio Parahaemolyticus Infections, P.S. Marie Yeung, Kathryn J. Boor
Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, And Prevention Of Foodbome Vibrio Parahaemolyticus Infections, P.S. Marie Yeung, Kathryn J. Boor
Biological Sciences
Since its discovery about 50 years ago, Vibrio parahaemolyticus has been implicated as a major cause of foodborne illness around the globe. V. parahaemolyticus is a natural inhabitant of marine waters. Human infections are most commonly associated with the consumption of raw, undercooked or contaminated shellfish. A few individual V. parahaemolyticus virulence factors, including the thermostable direct hemolysin (TDH) and TDH-related hemolysin (TRH), have been investigated in depth, yet a comprehensive understanding of this organism's ability to cause disease remains unclear. Since 1996, serotype 03:K6 strains have been associated with an increased incidence of gastroenteritis in India and in Southeast …
Effects Of Acid Stress On Vibrio Parahaemolyticus Survival And Cytotoxicity, P.S. Marie Yeung, Kathryn J. Boor
Effects Of Acid Stress On Vibrio Parahaemolyticus Survival And Cytotoxicity, P.S. Marie Yeung, Kathryn J. Boor
Biological Sciences
For several foodbome bacterial pathogens, an acid tolerance response appears to be an important strategy for counteracting acid stress imposed either during food processing or by the human host. The acid tolerance response enhances bacterial survival of lethal acid challenge following prior exposure to sublethal acidic conditions. Previous studies have revealed relationships between a foodbome pathogen's ability to survive acid challenge and its infectious dose. Vibrio parahaemolyticus is capable of causing gastroenteritis when sufficient cells of pathogenic strains are consumed. This study was designed to characterize acid sensitivities and to compare the effect of sublethal acid exposure (adaptation) on survival …
The Edaphic Factor In The Origin Of Plant Species, Nishanta Rajakaruna
The Edaphic Factor In The Origin Of Plant Species, Nishanta Rajakaruna
Biological Sciences
Although speciation has been a central focus in evolutionary biology for more than a century, there are very few case studies where we have a good understanding of the exact forces that may have acted in the diversification of a group of organisms. In order to examine such forces, botanists have often focused on closely related plants that are found under contrasting soil conditions. The study of such edaphically differentiated plants has provided valuable insight to the role of natural selection in evolution. This paper discusses several key studies that have appeared in the literature in the last half century …
Heat-Shock Protein 70 (Hsp70) As A Biochemical Stress Indicator: An Experimental Field Test In Two Congeneric Intertidal Gastropods (Genus: Tegula), Lars Tomanek, Eric Sanford
Heat-Shock Protein 70 (Hsp70) As A Biochemical Stress Indicator: An Experimental Field Test In Two Congeneric Intertidal Gastropods (Genus: Tegula), Lars Tomanek, Eric Sanford
Biological Sciences
Although previous studies have demonstrated that heat-shock protein 70 (Hsp70) can be induced by environmental stress, little is known about natural variation in this response over short time scales. We examined how Hsp70 levels varied over days to weeks in two intertidal snail species of the genus Tegula. Sampling was conducted both under naturally changing environmental conditions and in different vertical zones on a rocky shore. The subtidal to low-intertidal T. brunnea was transplanted into shaded and unshaded mid-intertidal cages to assess temporal variation in Hsps under conditions of increased stress. For comparison, the low to mid-intertidal ,T. …
Continuous Hyperspectral Absorption Measurements Of Colored Dissolved Organic Material In Aquatic Systems, Gary J. Kirkpatrick, Cristina Orrico, Mark A. Moline, Matthew Oliver, Oscar M. Schofield
Continuous Hyperspectral Absorption Measurements Of Colored Dissolved Organic Material In Aquatic Systems, Gary J. Kirkpatrick, Cristina Orrico, Mark A. Moline, Matthew Oliver, Oscar M. Schofield
Biological Sciences
The majority of organic carbon in the oceans is present as dissolved organic matter (DOM); therefore understanding the distribution and dynamics of DOM is central to understanding global carbon cycles. Describing the time-space variability in colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM) has been difficult, as standard spectrophotometric methods for CDOM determination are laborious and susceptible to methodological biases. Previously, measurements of CDOM absorption in discrete water samples by use of a liquid-waveguide capillary cell (LWCC) compared favorably with measurements made with a benchtop spectrophotometer. Given this, we focused on automating the LWCC technique to improve our spatial and temporal sampling capabilities …
Complex Co-Substrate Addition Increases Initial Petroleum Degradation Rates During Land Treatment By Altering Bacterial Community Physiology, Christopher W, Kaplan, Brian G. Clement, Alice Hamrick, Robert W. Pease, Carl Flint, Raul J. Cano, Christopher L. Kits
Complex Co-Substrate Addition Increases Initial Petroleum Degradation Rates During Land Treatment By Altering Bacterial Community Physiology, Christopher W, Kaplan, Brian G. Clement, Alice Hamrick, Robert W. Pease, Carl Flint, Raul J. Cano, Christopher L. Kits
Biological Sciences
A pilot-scale land treatment unit (LTU) was constructed at the former Guadalupe oil production field with the purpose of investigating the effect of co-substrate addition on the bacterial community and the resulting rate and extent of total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) degradation. The TPH was a weathered mid-cut distillate (C10-C32) excavated from the subsurface and stockpiled before treatment. A control cell (Cell 1) in the LTU was amended with nitrogen and phosphorus while the experimental cell (Cell 2) was amended with additional complex co-substrate—corn steep liquor. During the pilot LTU operation, measurements were taken of TPH, nutrients, moisture, aerobic heterotrophic bacteria …
Chromosome-Wide Control Of Meiotic Crossing Over In C. Elegans, Kenneth J. Hillers, Anne M. Villeneuve
Chromosome-Wide Control Of Meiotic Crossing Over In C. Elegans, Kenneth J. Hillers, Anne M. Villeneuve
Biological Sciences
A central event in sexual reproduction is the reduction in chromosome number that occurs at the meiosis I division. Most eukaryotes rely on crossing over between homologs, and the resulting chiasmata, to direct meiosis I chromosome segregation, yet make very few crossovers per chromosome pair [1] and [2]. This indicates that meiotic recombination must be tightly regulated to ensure that each chromosome pair enjoys the crossover necessary to ensure correct segregation. Here, we investigate control of meiotic crossing over in Caenorhabditis elegans, which averages only one crossover per chromosome pair per meiosis [3] and [4], by constructing genetic maps …
Characterization Of Six Polymorphic Microsatellites For The Polychaete Tubeworm Hydroides Elegans And Cross-Species Amplification In The Congener Hydroides Hexagonus, J. B. Pettengill, M. G. Hadfield, M. D. Schug, D. E. Wendt
Characterization Of Six Polymorphic Microsatellites For The Polychaete Tubeworm Hydroides Elegans And Cross-Species Amplification In The Congener Hydroides Hexagonus, J. B. Pettengill, M. G. Hadfield, M. D. Schug, D. E. Wendt
Biological Sciences
We isolated and characterized six polymorphic microsatellite loci for the polychaete tubeworm, Hydroides elegans. Two additional loci were not reliably scorable and estimates of heterozygosity were obtained for the other six. In addition, cross-species amplification was successful for two loci using the congener H. hexagonus. Given that few microsatellite loci are available for polychaetes, these markers will be useful in assessing dispersal and gene flow in H. elegans and probably also other polychaetes.
Phenotype Management: A New Approach To Habitat Restoration, Jason V. Watters, Sean C. Lema, Gabrielle A. Nevitt
Phenotype Management: A New Approach To Habitat Restoration, Jason V. Watters, Sean C. Lema, Gabrielle A. Nevitt
Biological Sciences
The goal of habitat restoration is to provide environmental conditions that promote the maintenance and growth of target populations. But rarely is it considered how the allocation of resources influences the diversity of phenotypes in these populations. Here we present a framework for considering how habitat restoration can shape the development and expression of phenotypes. We call this approach phenotype management as it entails restoring the resources in a habitat to manage phenotypic diversity. Phenotype management is achieved by manipulating the spatial and temporal distribution of resources to alter the degree of competition among individuals. Differences in competition, in turn, …
Functional And Comparative Genomic Analyses Of An Operon Involved In Fructooligosaccharide Utilization By Lactobacillus Acidophilus, Rodolphe Barrangou, Eric Altermann, Robert Hutkins, Raul J. Cano, Todd Klaenhammer
Functional And Comparative Genomic Analyses Of An Operon Involved In Fructooligosaccharide Utilization By Lactobacillus Acidophilus, Rodolphe Barrangou, Eric Altermann, Robert Hutkins, Raul J. Cano, Todd Klaenhammer
Biological Sciences
Lactobacillus acidophilus is a probiotic organism that displays the ability to use prebiotic compounds such as fructooligosaccharides (FOS), which stimulate the growth of beneficial commensals in the gastrointestinal tract. However, little is known about the mechanisms and genes involved in FOS utilization by Lactobacillus species. Analysis of the L. acidophilus NCFM genome revealed an msm locus composed of a transcriptional regulator of the LacI family, a four-component ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transport system, a fructosidase, and a sucrose phosphorylase. Transcriptional analysis of this operon demonstrated that gene expression was induced by sucrose and FOS but not by glucose or fructose, …
Variation Between Observed And True Terminal Restriction Fragment Length Is Dependent On True Trf Length And Purine Content, Christopher W. Kaplan, Christopher L. Kitts
Variation Between Observed And True Terminal Restriction Fragment Length Is Dependent On True Trf Length And Purine Content, Christopher W. Kaplan, Christopher L. Kitts
Biological Sciences
Terminal Restriction Fragment (TRF) pattern analysis has become a widely used and informative tool for studying microbial communities. Variation between sequence-determined or true TRF length and observed TRF length (TRF drift) has been previously reported and can significantly affect identification of bacterial species using TRF lengths predicted from sequence databases. In this study TRF drift was determined for 21 bacterial species using an ABI 310 Genetic Analyzer. TRF drift was positively correlated with true TRF length and negatively correlated with TRF purine content. This implies that subtle differences in molecular weight, whether from purine content or dye label, can significantly …
Adaptive Differentiation In Response To Water Stress By Edaphic Races Of Lasthenia Californica (Asteraceae), Nishanta Rajakaruna, Gary E. Bradfield, Bruce A. Bohm, Jeanette Whitton
Adaptive Differentiation In Response To Water Stress By Edaphic Races Of Lasthenia Californica (Asteraceae), Nishanta Rajakaruna, Gary E. Bradfield, Bruce A. Bohm, Jeanette Whitton
Biological Sciences
Two edaphic races of Lasthenia californica sensu Ornduff (races A and C) grow in parapatry on a serpentine outcrop at Jasper Ridge Biological Preserve, California. The races occupy distinct edaphic habitats that have different water‐holding capacities. We predict that the two races will show differentiation in reproductive strategies related to their response to water stress. In order to test this hypothesis, we performed a greenhouse experiment to characterize the reaction norms of the two races exposed to a gradient in water availability. We measured the response of five variables to the watering treatments: early survivorship, days to flowering, root/shoot dry …
A Pcr Assay For Specific Detection Of The Pandemic Vibrio Parahaemolyticus O3:K6 Clone From Shellfish, P.S. Marie Yeung, A. Depaola, C. A. Kaysner, K. J. Boor
A Pcr Assay For Specific Detection Of The Pandemic Vibrio Parahaemolyticus O3:K6 Clone From Shellfish, P.S. Marie Yeung, A. Depaola, C. A. Kaysner, K. J. Boor
Biological Sciences
The current standard method for identifying Vibrio parahaemolyticus serotype O3:K6, an emerging pathogen with apparent enhanced virulence characteristics, typically takes 4 to 6 d to complete and requires serotyping. To provide a more rapid strategy, we optimized a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based assay for specific detection of V. parahaemolyticus O3:K6. Of 78 V. parahaemolyticus isolates and other related species; only strains classified into the V. parahaemolyticus O3:K6 clonal group (n = 39) showed positive results in the PCR assay. The assay detected 2.3 cells/PCR reaction and 310 cells/g using bacterial cultures and inoculated oyster samples, respectively. Sensitive and specific detection …
Structure-Property Relationships Of Silicone Biofouling-Release Coatings: Effect Of Silicone Network Architecture On Pseudobarnacle Attachment Strengths, Judith Stein, Kathryn Truby, Christina Darkangelo Wood, Michael Takemori, Michael Vallance, Geoffrey Swain, Christopher Kavanagh, Brett Kovach, Michael Schultz, Deborah Wiebe, Eric Holm, Jean Montemarano, Dean Wendt, Celia Smith, Anne Meyer
Structure-Property Relationships Of Silicone Biofouling-Release Coatings: Effect Of Silicone Network Architecture On Pseudobarnacle Attachment Strengths, Judith Stein, Kathryn Truby, Christina Darkangelo Wood, Michael Takemori, Michael Vallance, Geoffrey Swain, Christopher Kavanagh, Brett Kovach, Michael Schultz, Deborah Wiebe, Eric Holm, Jean Montemarano, Dean Wendt, Celia Smith, Anne Meyer
Biological Sciences
Model silicone foul-release coatings with controlled molecular architecture were evaluated to determine the effect of compositional variables such as filler loading and crosslink density on pseudobarnacle attachment strength. Pseudobarnacle adhesion values correlated with filler loadings in both condensation and hydrosilylation-cured silicones. Variation of crosslink density of hydrosilylation-cured silicones had an insignificant effect on attachment strength. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) indicated that the mode of failure upon detachment of the pseudobarnacle was dependent upon the crosslink density; samples with high crosslink density failed cohesively within the silicone.