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Articles 61 - 90 of 471
Full-Text Articles in Biology
Getting To The Root Of Tree Soil Microbiome Sampling, Sarah Addison, Megan A. Rua, Simeon Smaill, Kaitlyn Daley, Brajesh Singh, Steve Wakelin
Getting To The Root Of Tree Soil Microbiome Sampling, Sarah Addison, Megan A. Rua, Simeon Smaill, Kaitlyn Daley, Brajesh Singh, Steve Wakelin
Biological Sciences Faculty Publications
Microbiomes play critical roles in host functioning and therefore there is increasing interest in the microbiome assembly of plants. However, sampling strategies for long-lived perennial trees need to be standardised to produce robust data that accurately represents the microbiome over time. This issue is currently unresolved because there is little evidence indicating which portion of perennial tree species (e.g., root region or surrounding soil) is the best to sample to produce the most accurate measure of microbiome communities. Our aim was to sample different compartments of a plant’s belowground microbiome to identify the optimal sampling strategy to account for the …
Long-Term Exposure To An Invasive Fungal Pathogen Decreases Eptesicus Fuscus Body Mass With Increasing Latitude, Molly C. Simonis, Lynn K. Hartzler, Gregory G. Turner, Michael R. Scafini, Joseph S. Johnson, Megan A. Rúa
Long-Term Exposure To An Invasive Fungal Pathogen Decreases Eptesicus Fuscus Body Mass With Increasing Latitude, Molly C. Simonis, Lynn K. Hartzler, Gregory G. Turner, Michael R. Scafini, Joseph S. Johnson, Megan A. Rúa
Biological Sciences Faculty Publications
Abstract Invasive pathogens threaten wildlife health and biodiversity. Physiological responses of species highly susceptible to pathogen infections following invasion are well described. However, the responses of less susceptible species (relative to highly susceptible species) are not well known. Latitudinal gradients, which can influence body condition via Bergmann's rule and/or reflect the time it takes for an introduced pathogen to spread geographically, add an additional layer for how mammalian species respond to pathogen exposure. Our goal was to understand how hosts less susceptible to pathogen infections respond to long‐term pathogen exposure across a broad latitudinal gradient. We examined changes in body …
Microplastics In Wetlands Of West Central Ohio : Concentration And Distribution, Mitchell Link
Microplastics In Wetlands Of West Central Ohio : Concentration And Distribution, Mitchell Link
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Wetlands provide many valuable ecosystem services; however, an emerging global contaminant—microplastic (< 5 mm)—may be degrading this important resource. Few studies have extensively surveyed microplastic distribution in wetlands over a broad spatial area. Therefore, the goal of this study is to identify where microplastics are accumulating in wetlands, and whether there is any correlation between microplastic concentration and wetland quality. Soil samples were collected from 30 wetlands in west–central Ohio. Samples were physically separated, density separated, and digested. Average microplastic concentrations were 637 ± 494 items per kg soil per wetland. Higher quality wetlands are accumulating larger concentrations of microplastics. This relationship seems to be driven by greater accumulation of microplastics in forested wetlands than in wetlands surrounded by agriculture. There is no clear distribution pattern of microplastics within wetlands. These results provide insight into the role that wetlands have in association with microplastic accumulation.
Tracking The Progression Of Defects At The Neuromuscular Junction In Huntington's Disease, Katherine A. Trittschuh
Tracking The Progression Of Defects At The Neuromuscular Junction In Huntington's Disease, Katherine A. Trittschuh
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Huntington’s disease (HD) is a genetic disorder associated with progressive cognitive and motor decline. Recent studies in HD models suggest primary peripheral pathologies arise independent of changes in the central nervous system. Our lab found defects in skeletal muscle occurring early in the progression of disease in transgenic R6/2 HD mice, resulting in membrane hyperexcitability. Additionally, there is evidence of decreased quantal content in late-stage R6/2 mice. Here, we investigate pre-synaptic and post-synaptic function at single neuromuscular junctions (NMJ) to make direct comparisons of disease progression in the muscle membrane and motor nerve terminal. We hypothesize that muscle membrane defects …
The Impact Of Study Strategies On Academic Performance For Medical Students At Wright State University, Markia Black
The Impact Of Study Strategies On Academic Performance For Medical Students At Wright State University, Markia Black
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Studying plays an important role in the academic success of medical students. It is likely that ineffective study skills result in poor performances on required standardized exams. There is a concern for the lack of empirical data related to what study strategies are the most productive for medical students to practice. My goal is to 1) identify what study strategies students use in their pre-clinical years of medical school, 2) determine if these strategies impact students’ performance on Comprehensive Basic Science Exams and Step 1 exam, and 3) identify study methods that best support student achievement in the pre-clinical phase …
Investigating The Mechanism Of Tdp-43 Toxicity In Yeast: A Model For Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, Cassidy Nicole Alspaugh
Investigating The Mechanism Of Tdp-43 Toxicity In Yeast: A Model For Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, Cassidy Nicole Alspaugh
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Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that causes the degeneration of motor neurons which leads to loss of motor function and eventual death. Over 20 genes have been implicated in ALS’s pathogenesis, one being TARDBP, which codes for TDP-43. TDP-43 mislocalizes from the nucleus, accumulates, and then aggregates in the cytoplasm and is linked to cellular toxicity. We have modeled this aggregation and toxicity of TDP-43 in budding yeast. From genetic screens of human genes and their ability to modulate TDP-43 toxicity, we found 50 human genes that were able to reduce TDP-43 toxicity. 12 of these …
To What Extent Do Non-Native Shrubs Support Higher Trophic Levels?, Ari Zakroff
To What Extent Do Non-Native Shrubs Support Higher Trophic Levels?, Ari Zakroff
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Invasive species threaten ecosystems and economies. Globally, biological invasions are estimated to have cost over $2.1 trillion since 1970. In Eastern North American woodlands, invasive plants are rapidly displacing natives. This is concerning, because invasive plants may not support the diverse and abundant arthropod communities essential to ecosystem function. Despite the conceptual understanding of invasive shrubs’ potential to transform forest communities, scant research has focused on the effect of invasive plants on higher trophic levels here in Ohio. To address this gap, I examined the diversity and abundance of arthropod communities, caterpillar performance, and caterpillar predation on two invasive shrubs, …
A Fecal Survey To Evaluate The Prevalence Of Enteric Viruses In Laboratory Mice, Amina Khatun
A Fecal Survey To Evaluate The Prevalence Of Enteric Viruses In Laboratory Mice, Amina Khatun
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The study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of four enteric viruses in mouse research facilities that may not be captured by routine pathogen screening. Fecal samples were collected from contact-sentinel mouse cages between April 2022 and January 2023, and screened for the presence of viral genome by RT-qPCR. Out of a total of 50 samples, murine norovirus and murine astrovirus were detected in two (4%) and one (2%) sample, respectively, while murine adenovirus and murine rotavirus were not detected. Furthermore, all samples were screened for the presence of infectious murine noroviruses and astroviruses using the RAW264.7 and Vero cells …
Deciphering The Pathway Of Human Astrovirus Release From Infected Cells, Joshua Eduful
Deciphering The Pathway Of Human Astrovirus Release From Infected Cells, Joshua Eduful
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During infection, viruses are released from infected cells and spread to neighboring cells either through a lytic pathway (by rupturing cells), a non-lytic pathway (such as the use of extracellular vesicles), or both pathways. Human astroviruses (HAstV) are highly prevalent non-enveloped positive sense RNA viruses. They are separated into three clades, classic-type, MLB-type and VA-type, in humans. They are identified as the third leading cause of viral gastroenteritis in children, the elderly, and immunocompromised patients. Yet, little is known about the replication, transmission, immunity, and epidemiology of these viruses. Thus, I sought to investigate the possible pathways HAstV utilize to …
Characterization Of The Roles Of Mitochondria In The Toxicity Of Α-Synuclein In A Respiratory Cell Model, Breonna Elizabeth Gillespie
Characterization Of The Roles Of Mitochondria In The Toxicity Of Α-Synuclein In A Respiratory Cell Model, Breonna Elizabeth Gillespie
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Although α-synuclein (α-syn) has been linked genetically and pathologically to Parkinson’s disease, the mechanism by which it drives disease pathogenesis is not fully understood. When α-syn is overexpressed in yeast, it forms abnormal cytoplasmic accumulations and leads to cell death, resembling the phenotypes observed in neurons. Such yeast models have been widely used to uncover molecular mechanisms of α-syn toxicity, but the induction of α-syn relies on growing yeast in galactose, a fermentable carbon source. Yeast does not require cellular respiration when grown in galactose, thus limiting the understanding of α-syn toxicity when cellular respiration is essential for neurons. We …
Pollution And Littering: Land And Water Pollution Control In The Wright State Woods, Alyssa Vanwinkle, Heidi Orloff, Madelynn Mitchell, Samuel Jackson, Josh Hivner
Pollution And Littering: Land And Water Pollution Control In The Wright State Woods, Alyssa Vanwinkle, Heidi Orloff, Madelynn Mitchell, Samuel Jackson, Josh Hivner
Runkle Woods Symposia
Students present proposals and options to combat the effect of sodium chloride pollution in ground water and waterways.
Stormwater Bioretention Through The Establishment Of Native Wetland Flora, Spencer Thomas, Davis Taylor, Elise Berry
Stormwater Bioretention Through The Establishment Of Native Wetland Flora, Spencer Thomas, Davis Taylor, Elise Berry
Runkle Woods Symposia
Students Elise Berry and Spencer Thomas presents a proposed conservation plan through the establishment of wetlands.
The Ecosystem Value Of The Dominant Native And Invasive Shrubs In The Wsu Woods, Jaedynn Duell, John O. Stireman Iii
The Ecosystem Value Of The Dominant Native And Invasive Shrubs In The Wsu Woods, Jaedynn Duell, John O. Stireman Iii
Runkle Woods Symposia
Jaedynn Duell presents her research in how invasive honeysuckle impacts the ecology of the Wright State University Woods, focusing on spicebush, a comparative counterpart to honeysuckle, and native a local caterpillar species.
The Parasitic Relationship Between The Woods And Wright State, Aubrey Garman
The Parasitic Relationship Between The Woods And Wright State, Aubrey Garman
Runkle Woods Symposia
English Literature student Aubrey Garman discusses the recent history and relationship between Wright State University and the Woods the institution stewards.
The Threat Of Plant Invaders And The Plan To Reduce Their Impact In The Wright State Woods, Brandon Thompson, Elizabeth Dunn, Tomee Norris
The Threat Of Plant Invaders And The Plan To Reduce Their Impact In The Wright State Woods, Brandon Thompson, Elizabeth Dunn, Tomee Norris
Runkle Woods Symposia
A presentation by students from the Conservation Biology class presenting on their proposals for reducing the impact of invasive plants species in the Wright state University Woods.
Bat Conservation In The Wright State Woods, Heather Wilson, Morgan Hill, Riley Patrick, Rebecca Sanders
Bat Conservation In The Wright State Woods, Heather Wilson, Morgan Hill, Riley Patrick, Rebecca Sanders
Runkle Woods Symposia
A presentation by students from the Conservation Biology class presenting on their variety of proposals for the conservation of bat species int the Wright State University Woods.
Biodiversity Done The Right Way, Brad Kerry
Biodiversity Done The Right Way, Brad Kerry
Runkle Woods Symposia
Economics graduate student Brad Kerry discusses biodiversity through the lens of resource allocation.
Venerable Trees Of The Wright State Woods, Don Cipollini
Venerable Trees Of The Wright State Woods, Don Cipollini
Runkle Woods Symposia
Dr. Don Cipollini highlights and discusses major tree species in the Wright State University Woods.
Assessing The Risk Of Road Salt To Trees In The Wsu Woods, Shamal Chetty, Mark Crockett, Courtney Crone, Adebayo Djanman, Christopher Griesmeyer, Benjamin Kressbach, Brandon Noel, Israel Odoh, Jennifer Sally, Audrey E. Mcgowin
Assessing The Risk Of Road Salt To Trees In The Wsu Woods, Shamal Chetty, Mark Crockett, Courtney Crone, Adebayo Djanman, Christopher Griesmeyer, Benjamin Kressbach, Brandon Noel, Israel Odoh, Jennifer Sally, Audrey E. Mcgowin
Runkle Woods Symposia
Students discuss the risk of high amounts of road salt in the ground water in and around the Wright State Woods. Using chlorides as a target anolyte, the students discuss findings, how the abnormally high chloride content in the ground water is effecting the trees in the Wright State Woods, and what they propose for further investigation and action.
Discussion About Conserving The Woods, Volker Bahn
Discussion About Conserving The Woods, Volker Bahn
Runkle Woods Symposia
Dr. Volker Bahn discusses the work being done at Wright State to help conserve the Wright State Woods. His discussion introduces subjects later student presentations will cover including Bat Conservation in the Wright State Woods, The Threat of Plant Invaders and the Plan to Reduce Their Impact in the Wright State Woods, Stormwater Bioretention through the Establishment of Native Wetland Flora, and Pollution and Littering: Land and Water Pollution Control in the Wright State Woods.
Woods Symposium 2022 Program, Wright State University
Woods Symposium 2022 Program, Wright State University
Runkle Woods Symposia
The program for the 5th annual Wright State University Runkle Woods Symposium that took place on November 18, 2022
A Review On Serum, Genetic And Mirna Associated Biomarkers For The Early Diagnosis Of Hepatocellular Carcinoma (Hcc)), Ambreen Kanwal, Asima Tayyeb
A Review On Serum, Genetic And Mirna Associated Biomarkers For The Early Diagnosis Of Hepatocellular Carcinoma (Hcc)), Ambreen Kanwal, Asima Tayyeb
Journal of Bioresource Management
Hepatocellular carcinoma is the most devastating complication of liver cirrhosis and diagnosis in earlier stages could be useful in curative interventions. The main aim of this review was to analyze current diagnostic biomarkers which are available for the early diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). For this purpose, we searched different web databases including Medline/Pubmed. We found multiple significant serum biomarkers for imperative diagnosis including α- Fetoprotein, Des- γ -carboxyprothrombin (DCP), Osteopontin (OPN), Glypican-3 (GPC3), Golgi protein-73 (GP73), Squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCCA), Annexin A2 (ANXA2) and Heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) but all of these represent low sensitivity and low …
Drone-Based Water Sampling And Characterization Of Three Freshwater Harmful Algal Blooms In The United States, Regina Hanlon, Stephen J. Jacquemin, Johnna A. Birbeck, Judy A. Westrick, Charbel Harb, Hope Gruszewski, Andrew P. Ault, Durelle Scott, Hosein Foroutan, Shane D. Ross, Javier González-Rocha, Craig Powers, Lowell Pratt, Harry Looney, Greg Baker, David G. Schmale
Drone-Based Water Sampling And Characterization Of Three Freshwater Harmful Algal Blooms In The United States, Regina Hanlon, Stephen J. Jacquemin, Johnna A. Birbeck, Judy A. Westrick, Charbel Harb, Hope Gruszewski, Andrew P. Ault, Durelle Scott, Hosein Foroutan, Shane D. Ross, Javier González-Rocha, Craig Powers, Lowell Pratt, Harry Looney, Greg Baker, David G. Schmale
Biological Sciences Faculty Publications
Freshwater harmful algal blooms (HABs), caused mostly by toxic cyanobacteria, produce a range of cyanotoxins that threaten the health of humans and domestic animals. Climate conditions and anthropogenic influences such as agricultural run-off can alter the onset and intensity of HABs. Little is known about the distribution and spread of freshwater HABs. Current sampling protocols in some lakes involve teams of researchers that collect samples by hand from a boat and/or from the shoreline. Water samples can be collected from the surface, from discrete-depth collections, and/or from depth-integrated intervals. These collections are often restricted to certain months of the year, …
Breeding Biology Of The Sardinian Warbler (Sylvia Melanocephala Melanocephala) In The North-East Of Algeria, Kamel Ramdani, Mohamed Mohamed Kouidri, Mohamed Mohamed Laïd Ouakid, Moussa Houhamdi
Breeding Biology Of The Sardinian Warbler (Sylvia Melanocephala Melanocephala) In The North-East Of Algeria, Kamel Ramdani, Mohamed Mohamed Kouidri, Mohamed Mohamed Laïd Ouakid, Moussa Houhamdi
Journal of Bioresource Management
This work examined the reproductive phenology of the Sardinian warbler (Sylvia melanocephala melanocephala) in North-eastern Algeria, which is its main geographical nesting area. Twenty-eight (28) nests were studied during two successive seasons (2016 and 2017). The results obtained in this study confirm that the nests were constructed at an average height of (01.97±01.04 m) from the ground. The laying period lasted eight (08) weeks (mid-March to the beginning of the second week of May), so fifty-four (54) days. The mean clutch size is (4.14±0.97) eggs per brood. The recorder traits were previously observed in European populations. The average …
Parasitism Of Corn Earworm, Helicoverpa Zea (Boddie) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), By Tachinid Flies In Cultivated Hemp, Armando Falcon-Brindis, John O. Stireman Iii, Zenaida J. Viloria, Raul T. Villanueva
Parasitism Of Corn Earworm, Helicoverpa Zea (Boddie) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), By Tachinid Flies In Cultivated Hemp, Armando Falcon-Brindis, John O. Stireman Iii, Zenaida J. Viloria, Raul T. Villanueva
Biological Sciences Faculty Publications
In a survey on hemp grown in western Kentucky we found an average of 27.8 CEW larvae per plant. We recorded 45% parasitism of CEW in these fields by two species of tachinid flies, Winthemia rufopicta and Lespesia aletiae. Most parasitized larvae were third to sixth instars at the time of collection. We found up to 22 tachinid eggs per host larva, 89% of which typically bore between 1 and 5 eggs on the thorax. 45.9% of CEW bearing eggs died. The number of tachinid eggs per host was unrelated to host body mass, but both the number of tachinid …
Variation In Student Perceptions Of Higher Education Course Quality And Difficulty As A Result Of Widespread Implementation Of Online Education During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Joseph Cavanaugh, Stephen J. Jacquemin, Christine Junker
Variation In Student Perceptions Of Higher Education Course Quality And Difficulty As A Result Of Widespread Implementation Of Online Education During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Joseph Cavanaugh, Stephen J. Jacquemin, Christine Junker
Biological Sciences Faculty Publications
The onset of the COVID-19 global pandemic affected higher education in a myriad of ways. One of the most notable effects however was the rapid and sudden transition of nearly all courses at most institutions to an online environment. And while there are a growing number of courses offered online already, this transition to nearly 100% remote education presented numerous challenges for instructors and students of face-to-face and hybrid style courses. Since student perceptions are closely tied to recruitment and retention, it is important to know if there are differences in student perceptions present in the way different courses are …
Microbiological Contamination Associated With The Proximity Of A Refuse Dumpsite To A River Situated In Okada, Edo State, Nigeria, Ebere J. Okafor-Elenwo, Odaro S. Imade, Osazee E. Izevbuwa
Microbiological Contamination Associated With The Proximity Of A Refuse Dumpsite To A River Situated In Okada, Edo State, Nigeria, Ebere J. Okafor-Elenwo, Odaro S. Imade, Osazee E. Izevbuwa
Journal of Bioresource Management
This study was performed to evaluate the potential contamination of the Okponha river situated near a dumpsite in Okada, Edo State, Nigeria. Water samples were collected and analyzed for bacteriological and parasitological quality using standard procedures. Isolation and enumeration of bacterial colonies were performed by pour plate technique and the isolated bacteria were identified by standard phenotypic tests. Helminths and protozoa were screened by the direct smear technique. The values of HPC (3.79 ± 0.12 log10 CFU/ml) and TCC (2.20 ± 0.14 log10 CFU/ml) obtained from the river water samples exceeded WHO and NAFDAC recommended limits (≤ 2 …
Chemosensitivity Of Locus Coeruleus Neurons Decreases With Postnatal Development, Yasmeen Samar
Chemosensitivity Of Locus Coeruleus Neurons Decreases With Postnatal Development, Yasmeen Samar
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The locus coeruleus (LC) is a chemosensory area partially responsible for ventilation. Control over ventilation relies on inter-network communication via chemical and electrical synapses and chemosensitivity to CO2/pH. As the LC develops, it’s neural control over ventilation changes. This study investigates the chemosensitivity of the locus coeruleus over the course of development in postnatal rats. We hypothesize that 1) the CO2 sensitivity of LC neurons is highest at birth and declines with development 2) LC neurons are intrinsically chemosensitive and this chemosensitivity does not decrease with development and 3) the presence of gap junctions is highest at the beginning of …
Community-Level Effects Of A Widescale Reduction In White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus Virginianus) Density, Mariah Slaughter
Community-Level Effects Of A Widescale Reduction In White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus Virginianus) Density, Mariah Slaughter
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The prolonged overabundance of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) throughout the deciduous forests of eastern North America has resulted in widespread changes in the understory community. Studies have demonstrated that the exclusion of deer can allow some aspects of the understory to recover, but there are strong time-lags for deer-preferred species. Additionally, these exclosures only test the presence/absence of deer, which is not a feasible management option or desirable as deer are a part of the community. Here I evaluate how large-scale deer density manipulations within the Kinzua Quality Deer Cooperative of Pennsylvania affected understory vegetation communities. Using data from six …
Exploring The Host Range, Impacts, And Distribution Of Black Rot Disease On Alliaria Petiolata, Gabriela Ivette Harney-Davila
Exploring The Host Range, Impacts, And Distribution Of Black Rot Disease On Alliaria Petiolata, Gabriela Ivette Harney-Davila
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Garlic mustard is an invasive Eurasian biennial spreading in deciduous forests of North America. Garlic mustard plants in Ohio can be infected with a strain of Xanthomonas campestris, the causal agent of black rot disease in brassicas. I examined variation in susceptibility to X. campestris among garlic mustard populations, several native wild species, and agricultural crop varieties. Twenty-four garlic mustard populations were universally susceptible to X. campestris, though disease severity varied. Cardamine concatenata and Cardamine diphylla were susceptible but can phenologically escape infection in the field. Of the 14 agricultural crops tested, three cultivars (Raphanus sativus, Brassica rapa var. Rapa …