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Articles 271 - 300 of 471

Full-Text Articles in Biology

Performance Of Exotic Tulip Cultivars Under Agro-Climatic Conditions Of Peshawar, Muhammad Ali, Abdul Mateen Khattak, Kalim Ullah, Muhammad Ibrahim Oct 2015

Performance Of Exotic Tulip Cultivars Under Agro-Climatic Conditions Of Peshawar, Muhammad Ali, Abdul Mateen Khattak, Kalim Ullah, Muhammad Ibrahim

Journal of Bioresource Management

The performance of ten exotic tulip cultivars under agro-climatic conditions of Peshawar was studied at Ornamental Nursery, Department of Horticulture, The University of Agriculture Peshawar, Pakistan during the year 2013-14. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block (RCB) Design with three replications. Ten cultivars of tulips viz., Bastogne, Don Quichotte, China Town, White Dream, Red Riding Hood, Mascotte, Orange Angelique, Strong Gold, Rajka and Romantic Sunset were tested for their performance. Significant differences (P≤0.05) were observed among the cultivars regarding various parameters. The cultivar “Don Quichotte” produced the maximum number of leaves per plant (8.1), bulbs per plant …

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The Potential For A Blood Test For Scabies, Larry G. Arlian, Hermann Feldmeier, Majorie S. Morgan Oct 2015

The Potential For A Blood Test For Scabies, Larry G. Arlian, Hermann Feldmeier, Majorie S. Morgan

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Scabies, caused by the mite S. scabiei that burrows in the skin of humans, is a contagious skin disease that affects millions of people worldwide. It is a significant public health burden in economically disadvantaged populations, and outbreaks are common in nursing homes, daycare facilities, schools and workplaces in developed countries. It causes significant morbidity, and in chronic cases, associated bacterial infections can lead to renal and cardiac diseases. Scabies is very difficult to diagnose by the usual skin scrape test, and a presumptive diagnosis is often made based on clinical signs such as rash and itch that can …

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Gene Diversification Of An Emerging Pathogen: A Decade Of Mutation In A Novel Fish Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia (Vhs) Substrain Since Its First Appearance In The Laurentian Great Lakes, Carol A. Stepien, Lindsey R. Pierce, Douglas W. Leaman, Megan D. Niner, Brian S. Shepherd Aug 2015

Gene Diversification Of An Emerging Pathogen: A Decade Of Mutation In A Novel Fish Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia (Vhs) Substrain Since Its First Appearance In The Laurentian Great Lakes, Carol A. Stepien, Lindsey R. Pierce, Douglas W. Leaman, Megan D. Niner, Brian S. Shepherd

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia virus (VHSv) is an RNA rhabdovirus, which causes one of the world's most serious fish diseases, infecting >80 freshwater and marine species across the Northern Hemisphere. A new, novel, and especially virulent substrain—VHSv-IVb—first appeared in the Laurentian Great Lakes about a decade ago, resulting in massive fish kills. It rapidly spread and has genetically diversified. This study analyzes temporal and spatial mutational patterns of VHSv-IVb across the Great Lakes for the novel non-virion (Nv) gene that is unique to this group of novirhabdoviruses, in relation to its glycoprotein (G), phosphoprotein (P), …

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Macroecology Of North American Suckers (Catostomidae): Tests Of Bergmann's And Rapoport's Rules, Stephen J. Jacquemin, Jason C. Doll Aug 2015

Macroecology Of North American Suckers (Catostomidae): Tests Of Bergmann's And Rapoport's Rules, Stephen J. Jacquemin, Jason C. Doll

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Discerning spatial macroecological patterns in freshwater fishes has broad implications for community assembly, ecosystem dynamics, management, and conservation. This study explores the potential interspecific covariation of geographic range (Rapoport's rule) and body size (Bergmann's rule) with latitude in North American sucker fishes (Cypriniformes: Catostomidae). While numerous tests of Rapoport's and Bergmann's rules are documented in the literature, comparatively few of these studies have specifically tested for these patterns, and none have incorporated information reflecting shared ancestry into analyses of North American freshwater fish through a hierarchical model. This study utilized a hierarchical modeling approach with Bayesian inference to evaluate the …

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Century-Long Warming Trends In The Upper Water Column Of Lake Tanganyika, Benjamin Kraemer, Simon Hook, Timo Huttula, Pekka Kotilainen, Catherine M. O'Reilly, Anu Peltonen, Pierre-Denis Plisnier, Jouko Sarvala, Rashid Tamatamah, Yvonne Vadeboncoeur, Bernhard Wehrli, Peter B. Mcintyre Jul 2015

Century-Long Warming Trends In The Upper Water Column Of Lake Tanganyika, Benjamin Kraemer, Simon Hook, Timo Huttula, Pekka Kotilainen, Catherine M. O'Reilly, Anu Peltonen, Pierre-Denis Plisnier, Jouko Sarvala, Rashid Tamatamah, Yvonne Vadeboncoeur, Bernhard Wehrli, Peter B. Mcintyre

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Lake Tanganyika, the deepest and most voluminous lake in Africa, has warmed over the last century in response to climate change. Separate analyses of surface warming rates estimated from in situ instruments, satellites, and a paleolimnological temperature proxy (TEX86) disagree, leaving uncertainty about the thermal sensitivity of Lake Tanganyika to climate change. Here, we use a comprehensive database of in situ temperature data from the top 100 meters of the water column that span the lake’s seasonal range and lateral extent to demonstrate that long-term temperature trends in Lake Tanganyika depend strongly on depth, season, and latitude. The observed spatiotemporal …

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Medicinal Plants Of Turmic Valley (Central Karakoram National Park), Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan, Sher Wali Khan, Qamar Abbas, Syed Najmul Hassan, Hawas Khan, Azhar Hussain Jun 2015

Medicinal Plants Of Turmic Valley (Central Karakoram National Park), Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan, Sher Wali Khan, Qamar Abbas, Syed Najmul Hassan, Hawas Khan, Azhar Hussain

Journal of Bioresource Management

This study was undertaken to enumerate the medicinal plants of the area, find out the conservation status, and record the folk knowledge from the inhabitants of Turmic Valley during 2011-2013. The valley is located in the Rondo division of the District Skardu on the Northeastern side of the Indus River. The detailed information about the local flora regarding medicinal uses was collected from the local herbal healers (Hakeems) and other knowledgeable people. Locally used herbs of the area prevent and cure the people from various diseases such as joint pains, bronchitis, flu and fever, lowering blood pressure, constipation, …

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Physico-Chemical Variables And Fish Parasites Of River Neelum Azad Jammu And Kashmir, Pakistan, Nuzhat Shafi, Javed Ayub, Tasleem Akhtar Jun 2015

Physico-Chemical Variables And Fish Parasites Of River Neelum Azad Jammu And Kashmir, Pakistan, Nuzhat Shafi, Javed Ayub, Tasleem Akhtar

Journal of Bioresource Management

The physico-chemical parameters and the fish parasites of the River Neelum were studied at three sampling sites, i.e., Pattika, Tali Mandi, and Domail. Water temperature and rate of flow of water were significantly higher at Domail than Pattika and Tali Mandi. ANOVA showed that dissolved oxygen, total suspended solids, inorganic suspended solids, and organic matter of the bottom mud kept on fluctuating and showed a significant difference between three selected sites. Although, these variables showed variations, they remained within tolerable limits set by WHO. Three species of potentially harmful parasites, i.e., Dactylogyrus vastator, Procamallanus laevionchus, and Argulus foliaceus were …

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Assessment Of Fusariotoxins And Toxigenic Potential Of Fusarium Spp. In Maize Grains Collected From Pakistan, Nafeesa Qudsia Hanif, Iffat Tahira, Salma Khatoon, Kishwar Sultana Jun 2015

Assessment Of Fusariotoxins And Toxigenic Potential Of Fusarium Spp. In Maize Grains Collected From Pakistan, Nafeesa Qudsia Hanif, Iffat Tahira, Salma Khatoon, Kishwar Sultana

Journal of Bioresource Management

A total of 65 maize grain samples (Zea Mays L.) collected from cold and hot climatic zones of Pakistan lead to isolation of 10 Fusarium supposing deep freezing method. Occurrence of fusarium spp. was high (75%) in cold climatic zones as compared to hot zones (25%). Fumonisins were recorded in both climatic zones, though their incidence was higher in hot climatic zone (range 4,379-9,990 μg/kg). Incidence of A and B trichothecenes was higher in cool climatic zone. Zearalenone (ZON) with mean level 500 μg/kg was positive in only 10% samples of hot climatic zone. Furthermore, co-contamination of fusariotoxins …

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Assessment Of Antimicrobial And Antioxidant Activity Of Justicia Californica, Nabeela Shafique, Rizwana Aleem Qureshi Jun 2015

Assessment Of Antimicrobial And Antioxidant Activity Of Justicia Californica, Nabeela Shafique, Rizwana Aleem Qureshi

Journal of Bioresource Management

The present study focused on the exotic plant species Justicia californica, which is a native species of California. Phytochemicalanalysis was performed, which showed the presence of alkaloids, aminoacids, carbohydrates, glycosides, phlobatannins, and tannins in the root extract of J.californica, whereas amino acids, carbohydrates, and tannins were present in leaf and stems extract. In roots, 9.46%, and in leaf and stem, 13.35% flavonoids were found. Phenolics were found to be key phytochemicals, playing a role in antioxidant activity, which are about 8% in the sample of roots and 11.4% in the extract of leaf and stems. The DPPH assay, …

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Mesquite (Prosopis Juliflora): Livestock Grazing, Its Toxicity And Management, Kainaat William, Laila Jafri Jun 2015

Mesquite (Prosopis Juliflora): Livestock Grazing, Its Toxicity And Management, Kainaat William, Laila Jafri

Journal of Bioresource Management

Prospis juliflora is an invasive tree native to Northern South America, Central America, and the Caribbean. It has been used as a folk remedy for catarrh, cold, diarrhea, dysentery, excrescences, flu, hoarseness, inflammation, measles, sore throat, and in the healing of wounds. Its antibacterial, antioxidant, antifungal, antitumor, and anthelminitic activities are also reported and it contain phytochemicals such as flavonols, alkaloids, tannins, ellagic acid, glycosides, steroids, and various phenolic compounds. It is reported to be used as feed for cattle worldwide. Low intake of this plant doesn’t affect the health of cattle but excessive intake is harmful and can cause …

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Growth Inhibiting Effects Of Three Different Plant Extracts On Tribolium Castaneum (Herbst) (Tenebrionidae: Coleoptera), Javed Iqbal Dr, Ghulam Jilani, Muhammad Aslam Jun 2015

Growth Inhibiting Effects Of Three Different Plant Extracts On Tribolium Castaneum (Herbst) (Tenebrionidae: Coleoptera), Javed Iqbal Dr, Ghulam Jilani, Muhammad Aslam

Journal of Bioresource Management

Petroleum ether, acetone and ethanol extracts of neem, sweet flag, and turmeric were evaluated for their growth inhibiting effects on the Tribolium castaneum at the application rate of 1000, 500, 250 and 125 μg/g food media. Petroleum ether extracts showed the lowest number of larvae produced (34.00) in 1000 μg/g neem extract. Acetone extract of sweet flag showed minimum and significantly lower number of larvae produced (8.00) at 1000 μg/g, whereas ethanol extracts of turmeric showed minimum numbers of larvae (106.30) at 1000 μg/g application rate. Maximum inhibition ratio of pupation was found as 81.18 % at 1000 μg/g dosage …

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Review: Contribution Of Biotic Agents Of Pakistan In World Agriculture, Mohammad Irshad Jun 2015

Review: Contribution Of Biotic Agents Of Pakistan In World Agriculture, Mohammad Irshad

Journal of Bioresource Management

Biological control has attained immense significance. Biological control is not unknown. It has a past history of successes. Natural control consists of two major components: environmental factors (abiotic) and natural enemies (biotic). Integrated Pest Management or Crop Management is considered a valuable tool in food security. It has not only been used in Pakistan but also Pakistani biotic agents have been used elsewhere in the world giving substantial economic control. These have been mainly used in the USA. With World Trade Organization protocols in operation, biological control will be of much significance. Import and export of natural enemies will be …

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A Review: Antifungal Potentials Of Medicinal Plants, Ghulam Murtaza, Muhammad Mukhtar, Aysha Sarfraz Jun 2015

A Review: Antifungal Potentials Of Medicinal Plants, Ghulam Murtaza, Muhammad Mukhtar, Aysha Sarfraz

Journal of Bioresource Management

Medicinal plants have been widely used to treat a variety of infectious and non-infectious diseases. According to an estimate, 25% of the commonly used medicines contain compounds isolated from plants. Several plants could offer a rich reserve for drug discovery of infectious diseases, particularly in an era when the latest separation techniques are available on one hand, and the human population is challenged by a number of emerging infectious diseases on the other hand. Among several other ailments, fungal infections are posing a great threat to the mankind, as a large number of people suffer from fungal infections worldwide due …

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Use Of Dna Barcoding To Control The Illegal Wildlife Trade: A Cites Case Report From Pakistan, Attika Rehman, Sana Jafar, Naeem Ashraf Raja, Javed Mahar Jun 2015

Use Of Dna Barcoding To Control The Illegal Wildlife Trade: A Cites Case Report From Pakistan, Attika Rehman, Sana Jafar, Naeem Ashraf Raja, Javed Mahar

Journal of Bioresource Management

Illegal wildlife trade is a great threat to the conservation efforts made worldwide to save wildlife species and their parts. Use of molecular methods, including DNA barcoding, is gaining acceptance to detect cross-border movement of endangered species. Here we report the utility of DNA barcoding in the detection of smuggling of an endangered turtle species from Pakistan. The consignment labeled as “fish meat” was intercepted at a Pakistani port and was tested for its source using DNA Barcoding with fish-specific primers. Sequences from the samples from this consignment matched (99%) with those from Lissemys punctata (Indian flap-shelled turtle), a species …

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First Report: Hyphomycetous Fungi From Rawalpindi, Pakistan, Kishwar Sultana, Asmaul Husna, Gulshan Irshad, Mah Noor Jun 2015

First Report: Hyphomycetous Fungi From Rawalpindi, Pakistan, Kishwar Sultana, Asmaul Husna, Gulshan Irshad, Mah Noor

Journal of Bioresource Management

The saprophytic hyphomycetous fungi: Beniowskia sphaeroidea, Graphium putredinis, Phaeoisaria clematidis, and Tilachlidium ramosum were recorded in Rawalpindi from 2008 to 2010. These were studied in the laboratories of PMAS-Arid Agriculture University campus Rawalpindi.

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Bears In Pakistan: Distribution, Population Biology And Human Conflicts, Fakhar -I- Abbas, Zahid Iqbal Bhatti, Jibran Haider, Afsar Mian Jun 2015

Bears In Pakistan: Distribution, Population Biology And Human Conflicts, Fakhar -I- Abbas, Zahid Iqbal Bhatti, Jibran Haider, Afsar Mian

Journal of Bioresource Management

We conducted questionnaire based interviews (n = 1873) of respondents coming from 258 localities about bear tracts in northern parts of Pakistan in 2012-2014 to study Himalyan brown (U. arctos isalbellinus) and Himalayan black (U. t. laniger) bears. Brown bears were more frequent in northern latitudes (northern Chitral, Ghizer, Gilgit and Skardu), while black bears were widely distributed in southern latitudes (Battagram). Both brown and black bears are present in central latitudes (Astor, Diamir, Kohistan and Mansehra). We identified 34 populations of brown bears; a large population in the Deosai Plateau and small to very small …

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Morphometry And Average Temperature Affect Lake Stratification Responses To Climate Change, Benjamin Kraemer, Orlane Anneville, Sudeep Chandra, Margaret Dix, Esko Kuusisto, David M. Livingstone, Alon Rimmer, S. Geoffrey Schladow, Eugene Silow, Lewis M. Sitoki, Rashid Tamatamah, Yvonne Vadeboncoeur, Peter B. Mcintyre Jun 2015

Morphometry And Average Temperature Affect Lake Stratification Responses To Climate Change, Benjamin Kraemer, Orlane Anneville, Sudeep Chandra, Margaret Dix, Esko Kuusisto, David M. Livingstone, Alon Rimmer, S. Geoffrey Schladow, Eugene Silow, Lewis M. Sitoki, Rashid Tamatamah, Yvonne Vadeboncoeur, Peter B. Mcintyre

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Climate change is affecting lake stratification with consequences for water quality and the benefits that lakes provide to society. Here we use long-term temperature data (1970–2010) from 26 lakes around the world to show that climate change has altered lake stratification globally and that the magnitudes of lake stratification changes are primarily controlled by lake morphometry (mean depth, surface area, and volume) and mean lake temperature. Deep lakes and lakes with high average temperatures have experienced the largest changes in lake stratification even though their surface temperatures tend to be warming more slowly. These results confirm that the nonlinear relationship …

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The Heritability Of Shell Morphometrics In The Freshwater Pulmonate Gastropod Physa, Robert T. Dillon Jr., Stephen J. Jacquemin Apr 2015

The Heritability Of Shell Morphometrics In The Freshwater Pulmonate Gastropod Physa, Robert T. Dillon Jr., Stephen J. Jacquemin

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

The cosmopolitan freshwater pulmonate snail Physa acuta hybridizes readily with Physa carolinae in the laboratory, although their F1 progeny are sterile. The two species differ qualitatively in shell shape, the former bearing a more globose shell and the latter more fusiform. We performed a hybridization experiment, measuring a set of 14 traditional (linear) and landmark-based shell morphological variables on even-aged parents and their offspring from both hybrids and purebred control lines. Parent-offspring regression yielded a strikingly high heritability estimate for score on the first relative warp axis, h2 = 0.819 ± 0.073, a result that would seem to confirm …

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Identification Of Aflatoxins And Ochratoxin A In Selected Imported Pet Food, Iffat Tahira, Nighat Sultana, Nafeesa Qudsia Hanif Mar 2015

Identification Of Aflatoxins And Ochratoxin A In Selected Imported Pet Food, Iffat Tahira, Nighat Sultana, Nafeesa Qudsia Hanif

Journal of Bioresource Management

The current study was conducted to analyze the aflatoxins (AF i.e. AFB1, AFB2, AFG1 AFG2) and ochratoxin A (OTA) in imported pet food. A total of five hundred and ten commercially available imported pet food samples of cat (solid = 240, semi-solid = 90) and dog (solid = 150, semi-solid = 30) were collected from retailers and analyzed by chromatographic technique i.e. HPTLC. Results revealed 45.83% (mean, 3.90 ppb) and 18% (mean, 4.83 ppb) of AFB1 incidence in solid pet foods of cats and dogs, respectively. However, lower levels i.e. 8.88% (mean, 4.60ppb) and 6.66% (mean, 2.80ppb) of AFB1 were …

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The Population Estimate Of Pheasant Tailed Jacana, Hydrophasianus Chirurgus In Wetlands Of Pakistan, Zahid Iqbal Khan, Mohammad Shareef Mughal Mar 2015

The Population Estimate Of Pheasant Tailed Jacana, Hydrophasianus Chirurgus In Wetlands Of Pakistan, Zahid Iqbal Khan, Mohammad Shareef Mughal

Journal of Bioresource Management

Pheasant Tailed Jacana, Hydrophasianus chirurgus, is the only beautiful bird maintaining its presence in the abandoned wetlands of Punjab during the summer season. The population distribution appears, between 298 and 347, which was highest (83-96) at Marala and lowest (21-57) at Balloki, with density found to be highest (3/km2) and lowest (0.3/ km2), respectively. Being a migratory bird, March was observed as the start of arrival, and October was observed as completion of departure from the study areas.

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Determination Of Acute Toxicity Of Copper And Cobalt For Tilapia Nilotica, Asif Naseem Rai, Asmat Ullah, Jibran Haider Mar 2015

Determination Of Acute Toxicity Of Copper And Cobalt For Tilapia Nilotica, Asif Naseem Rai, Asmat Ullah, Jibran Haider

Journal of Bioresource Management

During the present investigation, the 96-hr LC50 and lethal concentrations of copper and cobalt for Tilapia nilotica were determined under controlled laboratory conditions at constant pH (7.25), total hardness (255 mgL-1) and temperature (30 °C). During acute toxicity studies, the physico-chemical parameters of water viz. temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, electrical conductivity, carbon dioxide, total ammonia, calcium, sodium, magnesium, potassium and total hardness were monitored at 12-hr intervals for each test. Fish were exposed to different concentrations of copper and cobalt, separately, starting from zero with an increment of 0.05 and 0.5 mgL-1. After 96-hr exposure of various concentrations of each …

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Evaluation Of Biochar As Fertilizer For The Growth Of Some Seasonal Vegetables, Kainaat William, Rizwana Aleem Qureshi Mar 2015

Evaluation Of Biochar As Fertilizer For The Growth Of Some Seasonal Vegetables, Kainaat William, Rizwana Aleem Qureshi

Journal of Bioresource Management

Biochar was used to replace inorganic fertilizers. Biochar was synthesized by the process of pyrolysis using horse dung (5kg) and dry grass (25kg) to check its effect on the growth of some local vegetables i.e. okra, beans, coriander and mint. These plants were kept in three different environments i.e. outdoor, indoor and greenhouse conditions. In each condition three replications were made for each plant and biochar was applied on them. Control plants (without biochar) were also grown in each condition. Parameters studied were pH, water holding capacity, ammonia, nitrates, chlorophyll content, fertility analysis, temperature and humidity, number of leaves, plant …

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Adenovirus Entry From The Apical Surface Of Polarized Epithelia Is Facilitated By The Host Innate Immune Response, Poornima L.N. Kotha, Priyanka Sharma, Abimbola O. Kolawole, Ran Yan, Mahmoud Alghamri, Trisha L. Brockman, Julian Gomez-Cambronero, Julian Cambronero Mar 2015

Adenovirus Entry From The Apical Surface Of Polarized Epithelia Is Facilitated By The Host Innate Immune Response, Poornima L.N. Kotha, Priyanka Sharma, Abimbola O. Kolawole, Ran Yan, Mahmoud Alghamri, Trisha L. Brockman, Julian Gomez-Cambronero, Julian Cambronero

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Prevention of viral-induced respiratory disease begins with an understanding of the factors that increase or decrease susceptibility to viral infection. The primary receptor for most adenoviruses is the coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor (CAR), a cell-cell adhesion protein normally localized at the basolateral surface of polarized epithelia and involved in neutrophil transepithelial migration. Recently, an alternate isoform of CAR, CAREx8, has been identified at the apical surface of polarized airway epithelia and is implicated in viral infection from the apical surface. We hypothesized that the endogenous role of CAREx8 may be to facilitate host innate immunity. We show that IL-8, …

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The Quest For Ash Resistance To Eab: Towards A Mechanistic Understanding, Daniel A. Herms, Don Cipollini, K. S. Knight, J. L. Koch, T. M. Poland, Chad Michael Rigsby, Justin G.A. Whitehill, Pierluigi Bonello Jan 2015

The Quest For Ash Resistance To Eab: Towards A Mechanistic Understanding, Daniel A. Herms, Don Cipollini, K. S. Knight, J. L. Koch, T. M. Poland, Chad Michael Rigsby, Justin G.A. Whitehill, Pierluigi Bonello

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Since emerald ash borer (EAB), Agrilus planipennis, was discovered in North America in 2002, it has killed many millions of ash trees in North America, and ash mortality now exceeds 99% near the epicenter of the invasion in southeast Michigan (Klooster et al. 2014). The development of EAB-resistant ash trees will be critical for restoration of ash in natural and urban forests. Goals of our collaboration are to identify, breed and screen ash germplasm for EAB resistance and silvicultural traits; and identify mechanisms of EAB resistance to facilitate breeding and screening.

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Β2m Antibody Is A Suitable Antibody To Detect Major Histocompatibility Complex Class Ι As Well As Α Chain Antibody In Healthy Tissues And Tissues Infected With Mouse Parvovirus 1, Sana Mahmoud Alhawsawi Jan 2015

Β2m Antibody Is A Suitable Antibody To Detect Major Histocompatibility Complex Class Ι As Well As Α Chain Antibody In Healthy Tissues And Tissues Infected With Mouse Parvovirus 1, Sana Mahmoud Alhawsawi

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Major histocompatibility complex-Ι (MHC Ι) is an essential protein located on the plasma membrane of every nucleated cell; it contributes to the immune system's ability to defend against bacteria and virus. MHC Ι displays foreign antigens on the cell surface in a manner that encourages CD8+ T cytotoxic cells (CTLs) to respond against these antigens by killing the infected cells. MHC Ι is composed of two chains: a light chain (β-macroglobulin; β2m) and a heavy chain (α chain with 3 domains). The α chain genes have different haplotypes, dependent on the strain of mouse. H-2Kb/ H-2Db is the gene for …

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The Implications Of Hiv Treatment On The Hiv-Malaria Coinfection Dynamics: A Modeling Perspective, F. Nyabadza, B. T. Bekele, Megan A. Rúa, D. M. Malonza, N. Chiduku, M. Kgosimore Jan 2015

The Implications Of Hiv Treatment On The Hiv-Malaria Coinfection Dynamics: A Modeling Perspective, F. Nyabadza, B. T. Bekele, Megan A. Rúa, D. M. Malonza, N. Chiduku, M. Kgosimore

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Most hosts harbor multiple pathogens at the same time in disease epidemiology. Multiple pathogens have the potential for interaction resulting in negative impacts on host fitness or alterations in pathogen transmission dynamics. In this paper we develop a mathematical model describing the dynamics of HIV-malaria coinfection. Additionally, we extended our model to examine the role treatment (of malaria and HIV) plays in altering populations’ dynamics. Our model consists of 13 interlinked equations which allow us to explore multiple aspects of HIV-malaria transmission and treatment. We perform qualitative analysis of the model that includes positivity and boundedness of solutions. Furthermore, we …

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Ectomycorrhizal Fungal Communities And Enzymatic Activities Vary Across An Ecotone Between A Forest And Field, Megan A. Rúa, Becky Moore, Nicole Hergott, Lily Van, Colin R. Jackson, Jason D. Hoeksema Jan 2015

Ectomycorrhizal Fungal Communities And Enzymatic Activities Vary Across An Ecotone Between A Forest And Field, Megan A. Rúa, Becky Moore, Nicole Hergott, Lily Van, Colin R. Jackson, Jason D. Hoeksema

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Extracellular enzymes degrade macromolecules into soluble substrates and are important for nutrient cycling in soils, where microorganisms, such as ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi, produce these enzymes to obtain nutrients. Ecotones between forests and fields represent intriguing arenas for examining the effect of the environment on ECM community structure and enzyme activity because tree maturity, ECM composition, and environmental variables may all be changing simultaneously. We studied the composition and enzymatic activity of ECM associated with loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) across an ecotone between a forest where P. taeda is established and an old field where P. taeda saplings had been growing …

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Habitat Eradication And Cropland Intensification May Reduce Parasitoid Diversity And Natural Pest Control Services In Annual Crop Fields, D. K. Letourneau, Sara G. Bothwell Allen, Robert R. Kula, Michael J. Sharkey, John O. Stireman Iii Jan 2015

Habitat Eradication And Cropland Intensification May Reduce Parasitoid Diversity And Natural Pest Control Services In Annual Crop Fields, D. K. Letourneau, Sara G. Bothwell Allen, Robert R. Kula, Michael J. Sharkey, John O. Stireman Iii

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

California’s central coast differs from many agricultural areas in the U.S., which feature large tracts of monoculture production fields and relatively simple landscapes. Known as the nation’s salad bowl, and producing up to 90% of U.S. production of lettuces, broccoli and Brussels sprouts, this region is a mosaic of fresh vegetable fields, coastal meadow, chaparral shrubs, riparian and woodland habitat. We tested for relationships between the percent cover of crops, riparian and other natural landscape vegetation and the species richness of parasitic wasps and flies foraging in crops, such as broccoli, kale and cauliflower, and interpreted our results with respect …

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Continuing Progress Towards A Phylogeny Of Tachinidae, John O. Stireman Iii, James E. O'Hara, John K. Moulton, Pierfilippo Cerretti, Isaac S. Winkler, Jeremy D. Blaschke, Z. L. Burington Jan 2015

Continuing Progress Towards A Phylogeny Of Tachinidae, John O. Stireman Iii, James E. O'Hara, John K. Moulton, Pierfilippo Cerretti, Isaac S. Winkler, Jeremy D. Blaschke, Z. L. Burington

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Readers of this newsletter are likely familiar with our ongoing project to establish a framework phylogeny of world Tachinidae (see articles in The Tachinid Times 26 and 27). This collaborative project, involving myself, Jim O’Hara, Kevin Moulton, Pierfilippo Cerretti, Isaac Winkler and a long list of collaborating tachinidophiles was initiated in 2012 with funding from the U.S. National Science Foundation. Our goal is to produce a robust phylogenetic framework of Tachinidae that can be used to inform tachinid taxonomy, systematics research, and the patterns of tachinid evolution. In previous issues of The Tachinid Times we summarized our progress to date …

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Limitations Of Host Plant Use In Two Andean Altinote (Nymphalidae, Heliconiinea, Acraeini), Butterflies, From A Tritrophic Perspective, Karen M. Pedersen Jan 2015

Limitations Of Host Plant Use In Two Andean Altinote (Nymphalidae, Heliconiinea, Acraeini), Butterflies, From A Tritrophic Perspective, Karen M. Pedersen

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Despite the clear advantages of generalist feeding, many insect herbivores feed on a relatively small number of available host plants with in phylogenetically restricted groups. To better understand patterns of host plant use I used the sister species Altinote stratonice and Altinote dicaeus and their overlapping but distinct host plant range. I measured physiological effects of plants by using development time, pupal mass, and survival. To determine the importance of enemies I quantified rates of parasitism and rates of predation. Finally I measured host plant frequency, and host plant abundance. I found that survival of A. dicaeus and A. stratonice …

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