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Articles 301 - 330 of 729
Full-Text Articles in Biology
Genes Related To Redox And Cell Curvature Facilitate Interactions Between Caulobacter Strains And Arabidopsis, Louis Berrios, Bert Ely
Genes Related To Redox And Cell Curvature Facilitate Interactions Between Caulobacter Strains And Arabidopsis, Louis Berrios, Bert Ely
Faculty Publications
Bacteria play an integral role in shaping plant growth and development. However, the genetic factors that facilitate plant-bacteria interactions remain largely unknown. Here, we demonstrated the importance of two bacterial genetic factors that facilitate the interactions between plant-growth-promoting (PGP) bacteria in the genus Caulobacter and the host plant Arabidopsis. Using homologous recombination, we disrupted the cytochrome ubiquinol oxidase (cyo) operon in both C. vibrioides CB13 and C. segnis TK0059 by knocking out the expression of cyoB (critical subunit of the cyo operon) and showed that the mutant strains were unable to enhance the growth of …
Exploring Effects Of Sample Storage, Preparation, And Tissue Type On Fourier Transform-Near Infrared Spectroscopy (Ft-Nirs) Ageing Across Fish Taxa, Keith Fuller
Theses and Dissertations
The accurate determination of age for fish is a vital part of both populationmanagement and ichthyological research. However, the methods which are primarily employed to age fish can be difficult, time consuming, inaccurate, or some combination thereof. Most ageing is currently done via hard parts (such as otoliths, vertebrae, or scales) which are read in a manner similar to tree rings with markings corresponding to known or presumed periods of time. Recently, Fourier transform-near infrared spectroscopy (FT-NIRS) has been investigated as a novel tool to age fish more quickly and objectively. This method works by recording the vibrational frequencies of …
Investigating The Dynamic Interactions Of Rapidly Growing Precocial Shorebird Chicks, Luke R. Wilde
Investigating The Dynamic Interactions Of Rapidly Growing Precocial Shorebird Chicks, Luke R. Wilde
Theses and Dissertations
Organisms in dynamic environments must continually reassess the cost-benefit trade-offs of their interactions and adjust their behaviors accordingly. Nevertheless, ecological research often takes a ‘snapshot’ approach to studying interactions across sample locations and timepoints. Investigating ecological interactions in this way can miss important information about the influence spatiotemporal context has on the scale and direction of their effects. Longitudinal studies that follow individuals can elucidate how changing contexts affect an individual’s ecology while deepening our understanding of adaptive behavior. However, determining how context influences the effect of an interaction requires it be measured across a range of spatiotemporal conditions. Studying …
Effect Of Oxidative Stress On Lifespan And Cellular Survival, Benedicth Onyeka Ukhueduan
Effect Of Oxidative Stress On Lifespan And Cellular Survival, Benedicth Onyeka Ukhueduan
Theses and Dissertations
When cells experience oxidative stress, the integrated stress response (ISR) signaling pathway is activated. One of the first outcomes of such ISR-activated response is to temporarily halt protein synthesis, which aids in cellular recovery. However, if cells cannot recover from the stress, they activate the cell death pathways which kills the affected cells, usually by apoptosis, which can then lead to either acquisition or prevention of diseases depending on the situation. In physiological aging, a compromised stress response is observed as an organism ages, which leads to disrupted homeostasis and elevated risk of disease. Thus, longevity of an organism is …
Applications And Mechanisms Of Near Infrared Spectroscopy For Age Estimation In Otoliths Of Red Snapper Lutjanus Campechanus, Michelle S. Passerotti
Applications And Mechanisms Of Near Infrared Spectroscopy For Age Estimation In Otoliths Of Red Snapper Lutjanus Campechanus, Michelle S. Passerotti
Theses and Dissertations
Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a light spectroscopy method useful for non-invasively discriminating and quantifying chemical composition of a wide variety of substances. Recently-developed applications of NIRS to fish age estimation across a range of taxa have sparked intense interest in exploring the feasibility of its use for rapid age estimation in fisheries population management. In this pursuit, development of species-specific calibration models relating traditionally-derived age estimates (i.e., those estimated from growth band counts) to NIR spectral signatures from ageing structures is required to derive predictive models that can then estimate age from rapid scans of whole ageing structures alone. …
Plasmids Bring Novel Functions To Caulobacter Genomes, Taylor Howell Carter
Plasmids Bring Novel Functions To Caulobacter Genomes, Taylor Howell Carter
Theses and Dissertations
Caulobacter is a well-studied bacterial genus, but little is known about the plasmids that are found in some wild Caulobacter isolates. I identified nine plasmids from seven different Caulobacter strains and grouped them based on their size and the similarity of their repABC, parAB, and mobAB genes. Protein pathway analysis of the genes on the K31p1, and K31p2 plasmids showed many metabolic pathways that would enhance the metabolic versatility of the host strain. In contrast, the CB4 plasmid contained 21 heavy metal resistance genes organized into 9 operons. The majority of the CB4 heavy metal resistance genes code for …
Resrouce Allocation And Visual Communication In Lepidoptera, Linda Nicole Fipps
Resrouce Allocation And Visual Communication In Lepidoptera, Linda Nicole Fipps
Theses and Dissertations
Visual signals in the form of wing color, size, shape, pattern, and UV reflectance play an important role in the mating and reproductive strategies of diurnal butterflies. Wing-based visual signals are linked to different functions and can be acted on by a variety of selective pressures. In a comprehensive look at the literature on the visual communication strategies of lepidopteran species, I look at how visual signals, most notably color, are used, generated, and perceived. I discuss the costs and benefits of those strategies for the fitness of butterflies and moths and look at lepidopteran visual communication through the lens …
Diversity And N2o Production Potential Of Fungi In An Oceanic Oxygen Minimum Zone, Xuefeng Peng, David L. Valentine
Diversity And N2o Production Potential Of Fungi In An Oceanic Oxygen Minimum Zone, Xuefeng Peng, David L. Valentine
Faculty Publications
Fungi in terrestrial environments are known to play a key role in carbon and nitrogen biogeochemistry and exhibit high diversity. In contrast, the diversity and function of fungi in the ocean has remained underexplored and largely neglected. In the eastern tropical North Pacific oxygen minimum zone, we examined the fungal diversity by sequencing the internal transcribed spacer region 2 (ITS2) and mining a metagenome dataset collected from the same region. Additionally, we coupled 15N-tracer experiments with a selective inhibition method to determine the potential contribution of marine fungi to nitrous oxide (N2O) production. Fungal communities evaluated by …
The Effect Of Barometric Pressure, Temperature, And Precipitation On Preterm Labor In Expecting Women In South Carolina, Allison K. Fletcher
The Effect Of Barometric Pressure, Temperature, And Precipitation On Preterm Labor In Expecting Women In South Carolina, Allison K. Fletcher
Journal of the South Carolina Academy of Science
Each year, approximately 9.9% of infants in the United States are born prematurely at less than 37 weeks of gestation with unidentified causes. From 2014 to 2016, the total preterm birth rate rose 3%, and late preterm birth rates rose almost 4%. One source of preterm labor that has been examined in recent years is its potential correlation with meteorological phenomena, including barometric pressure, temperature, and precipitation. In September of 2019, birth data recording 322 deliveries from two South Carolina hospitals was collected along with weather data on the given dates. The changes in temperature, barometric pressure, and precipitation for …
The Effect Of Biochar Feedstock On The Remediation Of Acidic Soils And Improvement Of Pisum Sativum V. Saccharatum Growth, Ridha Fatima
The Effect Of Biochar Feedstock On The Remediation Of Acidic Soils And Improvement Of Pisum Sativum V. Saccharatum Growth, Ridha Fatima
Journal of the South Carolina Academy of Science
No abstract provided.
The Effect Of Alcalase Concentration On The Proteins From The Shells Of Litopenaeus Setiferus (White Shrimp), Liam T. Quan
The Effect Of Alcalase Concentration On The Proteins From The Shells Of Litopenaeus Setiferus (White Shrimp), Liam T. Quan
Journal of the South Carolina Academy of Science
Chitin is a naturally abundant polymer that also happens to be biodegradable. Chitin can be used in a variety of different products such as biodegradable plastics, papers, medical products, foods, and medical treatments. To extract chitin, shells must be demineralized and deproteinized. The goal of this experiment was to examine the effect of the protease Alcalase in the deproteinization of litopenaeus setiferus shells. The hypothesis was that if the concentration of Alcalase increased, then the absorbance of proteins in the spectrophotometer reading would increase. The null hypothesis was that if the concentration increased there would be no change in absorption. …
The Effect Of Whey, Azadirachta Indica, And Powdered Whole Milk On Monilinia Fructicola, Evelyn Plakal
The Effect Of Whey, Azadirachta Indica, And Powdered Whole Milk On Monilinia Fructicola, Evelyn Plakal
Journal of the South Carolina Academy of Science
No abstract provided.
Assessing Intervals Of Epigallocatechin Gallate (Egcg) And Cannabidiol (Cbd) On Saccharomyces Cerevisiae Cell Reproduction As A Possible Application On Cancer Cell Proliferation, Spandana Anchoori
Journal of the South Carolina Academy of Science
No abstract provided.
What Can A Worm Learn? Nonlinear Categorization By Caenorhabditis Elegans Using A Hydrochloric Acid Gradient, Parth Desai
What Can A Worm Learn? Nonlinear Categorization By Caenorhabditis Elegans Using A Hydrochloric Acid Gradient, Parth Desai
Journal of the South Carolina Academy of Science
No abstract provided.
The Iron-Responsive Genome Of The Chiton Acanthopleura Granulata, Rebecca M. Varney, Daniel Isaac Speiser, Carmel Mcdougall, Bernard M. Degnan, Kevin M. Kocot
The Iron-Responsive Genome Of The Chiton Acanthopleura Granulata, Rebecca M. Varney, Daniel Isaac Speiser, Carmel Mcdougall, Bernard M. Degnan, Kevin M. Kocot
Faculty Publications
Molluscs biomineralize structures that vary in composition, form, and function, prompting questions about the genetic mechanisms responsible for their production and the evolution of these mechanisms. Chitons (Mollusca, Polyplacophora) are a promising system for studies of biomineralization because they build a range of calcified structures including shell plates and spine- or scale-like sclerites. Chitons also harden the calcified teeth of their rasp-like radula with a coat of iron (as magnetite). Here we present the genome of the West Indian fuzzy chiton Acanthopleura granulata, the first from any aculiferan mollusc. The A. granulata genome contains homologs of many genes associated …
Toward Uncharted Territory Of Cellular Heterogeneity: Advances And Applications Of Single-Cell Rna-Seq, Brandon Lieberman, Meena Kusi, Chia Nung Hung, Chih Wei Chou, Ning He, Yen Yi Ho, Josephine A. Taverna, Tim H.M. Huang, Chun Liang Chen
Toward Uncharted Territory Of Cellular Heterogeneity: Advances And Applications Of Single-Cell Rna-Seq, Brandon Lieberman, Meena Kusi, Chia Nung Hung, Chih Wei Chou, Ning He, Yen Yi Ho, Josephine A. Taverna, Tim H.M. Huang, Chun Liang Chen
Faculty Publications
Among single-cell analysis technologies, single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) has been one of the front runners in technical inventions. Since its induction, scRNA-seq has been well received and undergone many fast-paced technical improvements in cDNA synthesis and amplification, processing and alignment of next generation sequencing reads, differentially expressed gene calling, cell clustering, subpopulation identification, and developmental trajectory prediction. scRNA-seq has been exponentially applied to study global transcriptional profiles in all cell types in humans and animal models, healthy or with diseases, including cancer. Accumulative novel subtypes and rare subpopulations have been discovered as potential underlying mechanisms of stochasticity, differentiation, proliferation, tumorigenesis, and …
Juvenile Leaves Or Adult Leaves: Determinants For Vegetative Phase Change In Flowering Plants, Darren Manuela, Mingli Xu
Juvenile Leaves Or Adult Leaves: Determinants For Vegetative Phase Change In Flowering Plants, Darren Manuela, Mingli Xu
Faculty Publications
Vegetative leaves in Arabidopsis are classified as either juvenile leaves or adult leaves based on their specific traits, such as leaf shape and the presence of abaxial trichomes. The timing of the juvenile-to-adult phase transition during vegetative development, called the vegetative phase change, is a critical decision for plants, as this transition is associated with crop yield, stress responses, and immune responses. Juvenile leaves are characterized by high levels of miR156/157, and adult leaves are characterized by high levels of miR156/157 targets, SQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE (SPL) transcription factors. The discovery of this miR156/157-SPL module provided a critical tool for …
Dystonia 16 (Dyt16) Mutations In Pact Cause Dysregulated Pkr Activation And Eif2Α Signaling Leading To A Compromised Stress Response, Samuel B. Burnett, Lauren S. Vaughn, Nutan Sharma, Ronit Kulkarni, Rekha C. Patel
Dystonia 16 (Dyt16) Mutations In Pact Cause Dysregulated Pkr Activation And Eif2Α Signaling Leading To A Compromised Stress Response, Samuel B. Burnett, Lauren S. Vaughn, Nutan Sharma, Ronit Kulkarni, Rekha C. Patel
Faculty Publications
Dystonia 16 (DYT16) is caused by mutations in PACT, the protein activator of interferon-induced double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase (PKR). PKR regulates the integrated stress response (ISR) via phosphorylation of the translation initiation factor eIF2α. This post-translational modification attenuates general protein synthesis while concomitantly triggering enhanced translation of a few specific transcripts leading either to recovery and homeostasis or cellular apoptosis depending on the intensity and duration of stress signals. PKR plays a regulatory role in determining the cellular response to viral infections, oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and growth factor deprivation. In the absence of stress, both PACT and …
Weighing The Evidence For The Abundant-Center Hypothesis, Tad Dallas, Luca Santini, Alan Hastings
Weighing The Evidence For The Abundant-Center Hypothesis, Tad Dallas, Luca Santini, Alan Hastings
Faculty Publications
The abundant-center hypothesis posits that species density should be highest in the center of the geographic range or climatic niche of a species, based on the idea that the center of either will be the area with the highest demographic performance (e.g., greater fecundity, survival, or carrying capacity). While intuitive, current support for the hypothesis is quite mixed. Here, we discuss the current state of the abundant-center hypothesis, highlighting the relatively low level of support for the relationship. We then discuss the potential reasons for this lack of empirical support, emphasiz-ing the inherent ecological complexity which may prevent the observation …
Inferring Life History Characteristics Of The Oceanic Whitetip Shark Carcharhinus Longimanus From Vertebral Bomb Radiocarbon, Michelle S. Passerotti, Allen H. Andrews, Lisa J. Natanson
Inferring Life History Characteristics Of The Oceanic Whitetip Shark Carcharhinus Longimanus From Vertebral Bomb Radiocarbon, Michelle S. Passerotti, Allen H. Andrews, Lisa J. Natanson
Faculty Publications
Oceanic whitetip sharks Carcharhinus longimanus are a cosmopolitan epipelagic species that was once prolific throughout the tropics and subtropics but was recently listed as Critically Endangered by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature and as Threatened under the United States Endangered Species Act. Although historically conspicuous in oceanic fisheries catches, relatively little is known about their habitat use, movement, and life history during migration. Given the paucity of data on migratory patterns and lack of age estimate validation available for this species, we evaluated vertebral growth bands for bomb radiocarbon (14C) patterns to derive additional information on these …
Patterning A Leaf By Establishing Polarities, Darren Manuela, Mingli Xu
Patterning A Leaf By Establishing Polarities, Darren Manuela, Mingli Xu
Faculty Publications
Leaves are the major organ for photosynthesis in most land plants, and leaf structure is optimized for the maximum capture of sunlight and gas exchange. Three polarity axes, the adaxial–abaxial axis, the proximal-distal axis, and the medial-lateral axis are established during leaf development to give rise to a flattened lamina with a large area for photosynthesis and blades that are extended on petioles for maximum sunlight. Adaxial cells are elongated, tightly packed cells with many chloroplasts, and their fate is specified by HD-ZIP III and related factors. Abaxial cells are rounder and loosely packed cells and their fate is established …
Trans-Axonal Signaling In Neural Circuit Wiring, Olivia Spead, Fabienne E. Poulain
Trans-Axonal Signaling In Neural Circuit Wiring, Olivia Spead, Fabienne E. Poulain
Faculty Publications
The development of neural circuits is a complex process that relies on the proper navigation of axons through their environment to their appropriate targets. While axon–environment and axon–target interactions have long been known as essential for circuit formation, communication between axons themselves has only more recently emerged as another crucial mechanism. Trans-axonal signaling governs many axonal behaviors, including fasciculation for proper guidance to targets, defasciculation for pathfinding at important choice points, repulsion along and within tracts for pre-target sorting and target selection, repulsion at the target for precise synaptic connectivity, and potentially selective degeneration for circuit refinement. This review outlines …
The Arabidopsis Transcription Factor Aintegumenta Orchestrates Patterning Genes And Auxin Signaling In The Establishment Of Floral Growth And Form, Beth A. Krizek, Ivory C. Blakley, Yen Yi Ho, Nowlan Freese, Ann E. Loraine
The Arabidopsis Transcription Factor Aintegumenta Orchestrates Patterning Genes And Auxin Signaling In The Establishment Of Floral Growth And Form, Beth A. Krizek, Ivory C. Blakley, Yen Yi Ho, Nowlan Freese, Ann E. Loraine
Faculty Publications
Understanding how flowers form is an important problem in plant biology, as human food supply depends on flower and seed production. Flower development also provides an excellent model for understanding how cell division, expansion and differentiation are coordinated during organogenesis. In the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, floral organogenesis requires AINTEGUMENTA (ANT) and AINTEGUMENTA-LIKE 6 (AIL6)/PLETHORA 3 (PLT3), two members of the Arabidopsis AINTEGUMENTA-LIKE/PLETHORA (AIL/PLT) transcription factor family. Together, ANT and AIL6/PLT3 regulate aspects of floral organogenesis, including floral organ initiation, growth, identity specification and patterning. Previously, we used RNA-Seq to identify thousands of genes with disrupted expression in ant ail6 …
The Role Of Chromatin Remodeling Protein And Transcriptional Repressor, Ing4, In Hematopoiesis Regulation, Melanie Rodriguez
The Role Of Chromatin Remodeling Protein And Transcriptional Repressor, Ing4, In Hematopoiesis Regulation, Melanie Rodriguez
Theses and Dissertations
The hematopoietic compartment is tasked with the establishment and maintenance of the entire blood program. Key to this process are hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), which possess the unique ability to self-renew and differentiate to replenish blood cells throughout an organism’s lifetime. In a screen for epigenetic regulators of hematopoiesis in zebrafish, we identified chromatin remodeling protein and transcription repressor, Ing4, as a requirement for hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) specification. Ing4, a member of the inhibitor of growth (ING) family, is a subunit of the HB01-JADE-hEAF6 histone acetyltransferase complex responsible for most nucleosomal histone H4 acetylation in eukaryotes. Ing4 …
Characterization And Analysis Of The Avian Epidermal Differentiation Complex And Implications In Feather Evolution, Anthony Chastine Davis
Characterization And Analysis Of The Avian Epidermal Differentiation Complex And Implications In Feather Evolution, Anthony Chastine Davis
Theses and Dissertations
Since the most recent major mass-extinction event ~65 million years ago, birds have expanded to now occupy a wide range of habitats and exhibit diverse lifestyles. A major reason for this evolutionary success is the mechanical resilience and diversity of their epidermal appendages such as feathers, scales, and beaks. The diversity of these appendages, specifically feathers has played a critical role in their evolutionary success. The feathers of birds vary substantially across different species, as well as at different life stages and anatomical locations on an individual bird. Several of the genetic elements involved in the development and structure of …
The Influence Of Stochasticity, Landscape Structure And Species Traits On Abundant–Centre Relationships, Tad Dallas, Luca Santini
The Influence Of Stochasticity, Landscape Structure And Species Traits On Abundant–Centre Relationships, Tad Dallas, Luca Santini
Faculty Publications
Species have been commonly hypothesized to have high population densities in geographic areas which correspond to either the centre of the species geographic range or climatic niche (abundant–centre hypothesis). However, there is mixed empirical support for this relationship, and little theoretical underpinning. We simulate a species spreading across a set of replicated artificial landscapes to examine the expected level of support for abundant–centre relationships in geographic and niche space. Species niche constraints were modeled as a single axis which was related directly to population growth rates. We found strong evidence for abundant–centre relationships when populations follow deterministic growth, dispersal is …
The Abundant-Centre Is Not All That Abundant: A Comment To Osorio-Olvera Et Al. 2020, Tad Dallas, Samuel Pironon, Luca Santini
The Abundant-Centre Is Not All That Abundant: A Comment To Osorio-Olvera Et Al. 2020, Tad Dallas, Samuel Pironon, Luca Santini
Faculty Publications
Species abundance is expected to decrease from the centre towards the edge of their ecological niches (abundant niche-centre hypothesis). Recently, Osorio-Olvera et al. (2020) reported strong support for the abundant niche-centre relationship in North American birds. We demonstrate here that methodological decisions strongly affected perceived support. Avoiding these issues casts doubt on conclusions by Osorio-Olvera et al. and the putative support for the abundant nichecentre hypothesis in North American birds.
Table Of Contents
Journal of the South Carolina Academy of Science
No abstract provided.
Molecular Properties Are A Primary Control On The Microbial Utilization Of Dissolved Organic Matter In The Ocean, Yuan Shen, Ronald Benner
Molecular Properties Are A Primary Control On The Microbial Utilization Of Dissolved Organic Matter In The Ocean, Yuan Shen, Ronald Benner
Faculty Publications
The global ocean sequesters a large amount of reduced carbon in dissolved organic molecules that can persist for centuries to millennia. The persistence of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in the deep ocean has been attributed to inherently refractory molecules and to low concentrations of molecules, but the relative roles of molecular properties and molecular concentrations remain uncertain. We investigate both of these possibilities using bioas-say experiments with unfiltered seawater collected from five depths (50–1500 m) at the Bermuda Atlantic Time-Series Study site. The microbial utilization of compositionally distinct forms of seawater DOC at in situ and elevated concentrations was determined. …
The Effects Of A New Mutation In Lis1 And Its Potential Role In Autism Spectrum Disorder, John A. Slovensky
The Effects Of A New Mutation In Lis1 And Its Potential Role In Autism Spectrum Disorder, John A. Slovensky
Senior Theses
LIS1 is a protein, particularly concentrated in the brain, that is important in regulating the movement and transport capabilities of dynein. Dynein is protein that can move along pathways in the cell, carrying various cellular components and also helping brain cells migrate. These two proteins are crucial during the development of the nervous system, and mutations in them can lead to lissencephaly, a disorder in which the brain does not form properly. This disease causes patients to develop cognitive-motor defects and seizures that can lead to early death. While all previously identified mutations in LIS1 are known to cause lissencephaly, …